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Agenus-levelphylogeneticlinearsequenceofmonocots

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DOI10127056439

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1

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Received 16 Dec 2014 | returned for (first) revision 3 Mar 2015 | (last) revision received 13 Mar 2015 | accepted 13 Mar 2015 || publication date(s) online fast track 27 May 2015 in print and online issues na || copy International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2015

INTRODUCTION

Numerous flowering plant classification systems have pro-vided linear taxonomic sequences based on phylogenetic data and the APG system (APG 1998 APG II 2003 APG III 2009) as summarised in several recent publications (Haston amp al 2007 2009 Christenhusz amp al 2011 Lewis amp al 2013 Wearn amp al 2013) Adopting a phylogeny-driven linear sequence in herbaria and books has been reported to be more advantageous than an alphabetical arrangement (Funk 2003) However the fitting of complex taxonomic relationships into a linear system particularly those derived from phylogenetic trees is challeng-ing and inevitably involves a loss of information (Haston amp al 2007 2009 Lewis amp al 2013 Wearn amp al 2013) The result-ing linear sequence is dependent on the methodology used and needs to be understood in the context of a phylogenetic tree (Haston amp al 2009) In some cases the choice of methodol-ogy has proved controversial For example the linear sequence proposed in Haston amp al (2007) was questioned by Hawthorne amp Hughes (2008) Their main criticism was that Haston amp alrsquos (2007) sequence was ldquoincompletely optimized for incompletely specified criteriardquo Hawthorne amp Hughesrsquos (2008) suggestion ndash if a standard sequence is to be adopted ndash was to conserve desira-ble existing morphology- based sequences without contradicting phylogenetic tree topology But ultimately their optimal solu-tion would involve the development of tree projection software to produce optimum projections Unfortunately Hawthorne amp Hughes (2008) do not suggest a clear standardised method-ology to generate a linear sequence and thus we have adopted a methodology similar to that of Haston amp al (2007)

Monocots (or monocotyledons) currently comprise 77 families which together contain ca 74500 species in 2705 genera (Pridgeon amp al 1999 2001 2003 2005 2009 2014 Clayton amp al 2006ndash eMonocot 2014) They represent 20 of flowering plants (eMonocot 2014) and have great economic

importance accounting for 84 of the 10 major plant foods in global human consumption (FAO 2010) Monocot phyloge-netic relationships have been the focus of significant research in the last couple of decades encouraged by six international conferences since 1993 The need for a new linear sequence for monocots arose in the context of the re-organisation of the Herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew This offered the opportunity to update the physical arrangement of the monocot collection from a mix of classification systems based mainly on morphological evidence (ie Bentham amp Hooker 1862ndash1883 Moore 1973 Dahlgren amp al 1985 Uhl amp Dransfield 1987) to a system that more accurately represents the phylogenetic relationships within and between the monocot families This paper presents a phylogeny- driven linear generic structure for the monocots (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) comprising all genera accepted up to August 2013 It is hoped that this list will be a useful tool for herbarium curators to re-arrange their monocot genera

All accepted generic names and species numbers were taken from the ldquoWorld checklist of selected plant familiesrdquo (WCSP 2014) and eMonocot (2014) The methodology used to obtain the linear sequence is similar to the one used in Has-ton amp al (2007) and Lewis amp al (2013) We used the most up-to-date phylogenies published at the time for each of the families (Table 1) Within each family nodes were rotated such that clades with fewer genera were placed before clades with a greater number of genera For sister clades that have an equal number of genera the clade with fewer species was placed first In many cases intergeneric relationships of particular clades were unclear due to polytomies paraphyly and polyphyly genera in such clades were arranged by increasing number of species (except in the case of the palms (Arecaceae) where they were ordered alphabetically to be consistent with the widely used phylogenetic classification of Dransfield amp al 2008) At terminal nodes genera with fewer species where placed before

A genus-level phylogenetic linear sequence of monocotsAnna Trias-Blasi William J Baker Anna L Haigh David A Simpson Odile Weber amp Paul Wilkin

Herbarium Library Art and Archives Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Richmond Surrey TW9 3AB UKAuthor for correspondence Anna Trias-Blasi atriasblasikeworgORCID AT-B httporcidorg0000-0001-9745-3222 WJB httporcidorg0000-0001-6727-1831

DOI httpdxdoiorg10127056439

Abstract This paper provides an up-to-date linear sequence of monocot families and genera (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) based on current phylogenetic evidence The sequence is provided in a numbered list of each of the 1225 genera in 75 monocot families together with a complementary alphabetical list The sequence represents a standardized tool for the organisation of monocot herbarium collections

Keywords Floras generic arrangement herbarium curation linear sequence monocot classification monocotyledons

CLASSIFICAT ION

2

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

genera with a greater number of species Sister genera with the same number of species were arranged alphabetically As indi-cated in Haston amp al (2007) the placement of smaller cladesgenera first prevents smaller genera in a clade being widely separated and minimises the number of nodes separating gen-era adjacent in the sequence The position of unsampled genera was determined using relevant literature (Table 1) on the basis of morphological characters These genera were placed either before their reported closest relative if they had fewer species or after it if they had more

We present here the linear sequence for 75 monocot fami-lies containing 1225 genera (Table 2) Orchidaceae and Poaceae are not included because linear sequences for these families are in preparation elsewhere Table 3 is an alphabetical list of the monocot genera presented in Table 2 Note there is no family 41 in the sequence (Tables 2 and 3) ndash this is due to the sinking of previously recognised Ruppiaceae into Cymodoceaceae according to the latest Alismatid phylogeny (Les amp Tippery 2013) For practical reasons we recommend the use of both the familial and subfamilial classification on the cabinet labels for families that have been extensively re-circumscribed such

as Xanthorrhoeaceae Amaryllidaceae and Asparagaceae Together with a cross-referenced index this will allow a speed-ier location of the desired taxon Table 4 provides the subfam-ilies and the corresponding generic numbers allocated in the new monocot linear sequence We have attempted to account for all validly published generic names but acknowledge that some may have been overlooked We welcome feedback regard-ing errors or omissions in order that the linear sequence can be improved in the future

There are still areas of considerable uncertainty across the monocots due to both lack of resolution in some phylogenies and the large number of genera still remaining unsampled thus we expect changes in the linear sequence will be needed as more phylogenetic data become available Areas of contro-versy in most need of attention are the interfamilial relation-ships of Dioscoreales the intergeneric relationships of Ama-ryllidaceae Asparageaceae Bromeliaceae Commelinaceae Cyclanth aceae Cyperaceae Eriocaulaceae Pontederiaceae Potamogetonaceae Iridaceae Juncaceae Zingiberaceae the position of Corsiaceae and Dasypogonaceae and the position and status of the genus Maundia FMuell

Table 1 List of publications used to obtain the linear sequence arranged by family

Order FamilyFamily seq no Literature consulted

Acorales Acoraceae 29 Chase amp al 2000b 2006 Jansen amp Bremer 2004Alismatales Araceae 30 Mansion amp al 2008 Cusimano amp al 2010 2011 Linz amp al 2010 Boyce amp Croat 2012 Gonccedilalves

2012 Nauheimer amp al 2012 Nauheimer amp Boyce 2013 Yeng amp al 2013 Low amp al 2014Tofieldiaceae 31 Azuma amp Tobe 2011 Remizowa amp al 2011 Sokoloff amp al 2011Alismataceae 32 Les amp al 1997 Lehtonen amp Myllys 2008 Chen amp al 2012 Les amp Tippery 2013Butomaceae 33 Les amp Tippery 2013Hydrocharitaceae 34 Les amp al 1997 2006 Les amp Tippery 2013Scheuchzeriaceae 35 Les amp Tippery 2013Aponogetonaceae 36 Les amp Tippery 2013Juncaginaceae 37 Iles amp al 2009 Mering amp Kadereit 2010 Les amp Tippery 2013Zosteraceae 38 Les amp Tippery 2013Potamogetonaceae 39 Tomlinson amp Posluszny 1976 Les amp al 1997 Lindqvist amp al 2006 Les amp Tippery 2013 Posidoniaceae 40 Les amp Tippery 2013Cymodoceaceae 42 Les amp Tippery 2013

Petrosaviales Petrosaviaceae 43 Chase amp al 2000b 2006 Cameron amp al 2003 Jansen amp Bremer 2004Dioscoreales Nartheciaceae 44 Merckx amp al 2008b Fuse amp al 2012

Burmanniaceae 45 Merckx amp al 2006 2008a 2009 Yokoyama amp al 2008 Merckx 2013Dioscoreaceae 46 Caddick amp al 2002a b Merckx amp al 2009 Merckx 2013

Pandanales Triuridaceae 47 Rudall amp Bateman 2006 Mennes amp al 2013 Merckx 2013Velloziaceae 48 Mello-Silva 2005 Mello-Silva amp al 2011Stemonaceae 49 Rudall amp al 2005 Mennes amp al 2013Cyclanthaceae 50 Hammel amp Wilder 1989 Eriksson 1994 Mennes amp al 2013Pandanaceae 51 Callmander amp al 2003 2012a b Buerki amp al 2012a

Liliales Campynemataceae 52 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013Melanthiaceae 53 APG 1998 Zomlefer amp al 2001 2003 2006 APG II 2003 Farmer 2006 APG III 2009 Kim

amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013 eMonocot 2014Petermanniaceae 54 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013

3

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Table 1 Continued

Order FamilyFamily seq no Literature consulted

Liliales(continued)

Alstroemeriaceae 55 Sanso 1996 Sanso amp Xifreda 1999 2001 Aagesen amp Sanso 2003 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013

Colchicaceae 56 Persson amp al 2011 Kim amp al 2013 Nguyen amp al 2013Philesiaceae 57 Kim amp al 2013Ripogonaceae 58 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013 Seberg amp al 2013Smilacaceae 59 Cameron amp Fu 2006 Li amp al 2011 Qi amp al 2012 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013Corsiaceae 60 Neyland amp Hennigan 2003 Davis amp al 2004 Chase amp al 2006 Fay amp al 2006a Kim amp al

2013 Merckx 2013Liliaceae 61 Clennet amp al 2012 Christenhusz amp al 2013 Kim amp al 2013 Petersen amp al 2013

Tuumlrktas amp al 2013Asparagales Boryaceae 63 Seberg amp al 2012

Blandfordiaceae 64 Seberg amp al 2012 Chen amp al 2013Asteliaceae 65 Birch amp al 2012 Lanariaceae 66 Seberg amp al 2012 Chen amp al 2013Hypoxidaceae 67 Kocyan amp al 2011 Liu amp al 2012Tecophilaeaceae 68 Buerki amp al 2013Doryanthaceae 69 Seberg amp al 2012 Chen amp al 2013Ixioliriaceae 70 Seberg amp al 2012 Chen amp al 2013Iridaceae 71 Goldblatt amp Henrich 1991 Goldblatt amp al 1998 2008 Gil amp al 2008 Chauveau amp al 2012

Lovo amp al 2012 Forest amp al 2014 Xeronemataceae 72 Seberg amp al 2012 Chen amp al 2013Xanthorrhoeaceae 73 Chase amp al 2000a 2009 Devey amp al 2006 Wurdack amp Dorr 2009 Boatwright amp Manning

2010 Klopper amp al 2010 2013 Daru amp al 2013 Grace amp al 2013 Manning amp al 2014Amaryllidaceae 74 Meerow 1987 2010 Fay amp Chase 1996 Meerow amp Snijman 1998 2001 2006 Meerow amp

al 1999 2000a b 2006 Ravenna 2000 Lledo amp al 2004 Meerow amp Clayton 2004 Fay amp al 2006b Vosa 2007 Bay-Smidt amp al 2010 Larsen amp al 2010 Li amp al 2010 Garcia amp al 2014 Jara-Arancio amp al 2014

Asparagaceae 75 Cruden 1987 Cruden amp al 1991 Chase amp al 1996 2009 Tamura amp al 1997 Conran 1998 Pfosser amp Speta 1999 Pires amp al 2001 Pires amp Sytsma 2002 Lopes amp Andreata 2003 2006 Manning amp al 2004 2009 Bogler amp al 2006 Smith amp al 2008 Fishbein amp al 2010 Kim amp al 2010 Martiacutenez-Azoriacuten amp al 2011 2013 Buerki amp al 2012b Chen amp al 2013 Lopes amp al 2013

Arecales Arecaceae  Palmae 76 Dransfield amp al 2005 2008 Baker amp al 2009 Bacon amp Baker 2011 Henderson amp Bacon 2011 Galeano amp Bernal 2013 Heatubun amp al 2014 Zona amp Baker 2014 Baker 2015

Commelinales Hanguanaceae 77 Saarela amp al 2008Commelinaceae 78 Conran 1994 Faden 1998 Evans amp al 2000 2003 Hardy amp Faden 2004 Burns amp al 2011Philydraceae 79 Saarela amp al 2008Pontederiaceae 80 Graham amp al 1998 Ness amp al 2011Haemodoraceae 81 Hopper amp al 2009

Zingiberales Strelitziaceae 82 Kress amp Specht 2006Lowiaceae 83 Kress amp Specht 2006Heliconiaceae 84 Kress amp Specht 2006 Barrett amp al 2014Musaceae 85 Kress amp Specht 2006Cannaceae 86 Kress amp Specht 2006 Barrett amp al 2014Marantaceae 87 Andersson 1998 Prince amp Kress 2006 Suksathan amp al 2009 Borchsenius amp al 2012 Vieira

amp al 2012 Saka amp Lombardi 2014Costaceae 88 Specht amp Stevenson 2006Zingiberaceae 89 Newman 1995 Larsen amp al 1998 Larsen amp Jenjittikul 2001 Kress amp al 2002 2005

Williams amp al 2003 Ngamriabsakul amp al 2004 Pedersen 2004 Harris amp al 2006 Takano amp Nagamasu 2007 Leong-Škorničkovaacute amp al 2011 Sakai amp al 2013

unplaced Dasypogonaceae 90 Rudall 1994 Rudall amp Chase 1996 Chase amp al 2000b 2006 Jansen amp Bremer 2004 Rudall amp Conran 2012

4

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Acorales 1 family29 Acoraceae 1 genusAcorus L 1 Alismatales 12 families30 Araceae 123 generaGymnostachys RBr 1Orontium L 2Lysichiton Schott 3Symplocarpus Salisb ex WPCBarton 4Spirodela Schleid 5Lemna L 6Landoltia Les amp DJCrawford 7Wolffiella Hegelm 8Wolffia Horkel ex Schleid 9Anthurium Schott 10Pothos L 11Pedicellarum MHotta 12Pothoidium Schott 13Stenospermation Schott 14Heteropsis Kunth 15Alloschemone Schott 16Rhodospatha Poepp 17Holochlamys Engl 18Spathiphyllum Schott 19

Anadendrum Schott 20Rhaphidophora Hassk 21Scindapsus Schott 22Monstera Adans 23Amydrium Schott 24Epipremnum Schott 25Urospatha Schott 26Dracontium L 27Dracontioides Engl 28Anaphyllopsis AHay 29Podolasia NEBr 30Lasia Lour 31Cyrtosperma Griff 32Pycnospatha Thorel ex Gagnep 33Lasimorpha Schott 34Anaphyllum Schott 35Stylochaeton Lepr 36Zamioculcas Schott 37Gonatopus Engl 38Callopsis Engl 39Anubias Schott 40Cercestis Schott 41Culcasia PBeauv 42Adelonema Schott 43

Philodendron Schott 44Furtadoa MHotta 45Homalomena Schott 46Aglaodorum Schott 47Aglaonema Schott 48Nephthytis Schott 49Pseudohydrosme Engl 50Anchomanes Schott 51Zantedeschia Spreng 52Lorenzia EGGonccedil 53Bognera Mayo amp Nicolson 54Gearum NEBr 55Synandrospadix Engl 56Croatiella EGGonccedil 57Spathicarpa Hook 58Taccarum Brongn ex Schott 59Asterostigma Fisch amp CAMey 60Dieffenbachia Schott 61Mangonia Schott 62Incarum EGGonccedil 63Spathantheum Schott 64Gorgonidium Schott 65Montrichardia Crueg 66Philonotion Schott 67

Table 2 Numbered linear sequence of monocot genera (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) arranged by family Family sequence number from Haston amp al (2009) and Wearn amp al (2013)

Table 1 Continued

Order FamilyFamily seq no Literature consulted

Poales Typhaceae 91 Givnish amp al 2010Bromeliaceae 92 Smith amp Till 1998 Givnish amp al 2006 2011 Horres amp al 2007 Schulte amp al 2009 Louzada

amp Versieux 2010 Sass amp Specht 2010 Rapateaceae 93 Givnish amp al 2004Xyridaceae 94 Kral 1998 Campbell 2012Eriocaulaceae 95 Gomes de Andrade amp al 2010 2011 Echternacht amp al 2014Mayacaceae 96 Givnish amp al 2010Thurniaceae 97 Givnish amp al 2010Juncaceae 98 Zaacuteveskaacute Draacutebkovaacute 2010 Zaacuteveskaacute Draacutebkovaacute amp Kirschner 2013Cyperaceae 99 Thomas amp Davidse 1989 Goetghebeur 1998 Strong 2003 Starr amp al 2004 Lee amp Oh 2007

Muasya amp al 2009 Muasya amp De Lange 2010 Yano amp al 2012 Gilmour amp al 2013 Bauters amp al 2014 Larridon amp al 2014 Shiels amp al 2014

Anarthriaceae 100 Briggs amp al 2000 2010 2014Centrolepidaceae 101 Briggs amp al 2000 2010 2014Restionaceae 102 Linder amp al 1998 Briggs amp al 2000 2010 2014 Briggs amp Linder 2009 Linder 2011 Briggs

2014a b Flagellariaceae 103 Givnish amp al 2010Joinvilleaceae 104 Givnish amp al 2010Ecdeiocoleaceae 105 Givnish amp al 2010

5

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Lagenandra Dalzell 68Cryptocoryne Fisch ex Wydler 69Apoballis Schott 70Pichinia SYWong amp PCBoyce 71Piptospatha NEBr 72Schottariella PCBoyce amp SYWong 73Phymatarum MHotta 74Schottarum PCBoyce amp SYWong 75Schismatoglottis Zoll amp Moritzi 76Ooia SYWong amp PCBoyce 77Hottarum Bogner amp Nicolson 78Aridarum Ridl 79Bakoa PCBoyce amp SYWong 80Hestia SYWong amp PCBoyce 81Bucephalandra Schott 82Calla L 83Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne 84Jasarum GSBunting 85Hapaline Schott 86Caladium Vent 87Syngonium Schott 88Filarum Nicolson 89Ulearum Engl 90Chlorospatha Engl 91Xanthosoma Schott 92Scaphispatha Brongn ex Schott 93Zomicarpella NEBr 94Zomicarpa Schott 95Ambrosina Bassi 96Arisarum Mart 97Typhonodorum Schott 98Peltandra Raf 99Arophyton Jum 100Colletogyne Buchet 101Carlephyton Jum 102Protarum Engl 103Pistia L 104Englerarum Nauheimer amp PCBoyce 105Ariopsis Nimmo 106Colocasia Schott 107Remusatia Schott 108Steudnera KKoch 109Leucocasia Schott 110Alocasia (Schott) GDon 111Pinellia Ten 112Arisaema Mart 113Theriophonum Blume 114

Lazarum AHay 115Typhonium Schott 116Sauromatum Schott 117Eminium Schott 118Helicodiceros Schott 119Biarum Schott 120Dracunculus Mill 121Gymnomesium Schott 122Arum L 12331 Tofieldiaceae 4 generaPleea Michx 1Isidrogalvia Ruiz amp Pav 2Triantha (Nutt) Baker 3Tofieldia Huds 432 Alismataceae 17 generaLuronium Raf 1Damasonium Mill 2Baldellia Parl 3Alisma L 4Burnatia Micheli 5Limnocharis Humb amp Bonpl 6Butomopsis Kunth 7Hydrocleys Rich 8Ranalisma Stapf 9Caldesia Parl 10Helanthium (Benth amp Hookf) Engelm ex JGSm

11

Albidella Pichon 12Echinodorus Rich 13Sagittaria Rupp ex L 14Astonia SWLJacobs 15Limnophyton Miq 16Wiesneria Micheli 1733 Butomaceae 1 genusButomus L 134 Hydrocharitaceae 17 generaLimnobium Rich 1Hydrocharis L 2Appertiella CDKCook amp LTriest 3Lagarosiphon Harv 4Blyxa Noronha ex Thouars 5Ottelia Pers 6Apalanthe Planch 7Egeria Planch 8Elodea Michx 9Stratiotes L 10Hydrilla Rich 11

Nechamandra Planch 12Vallisneria PMicheli ex L 13Najas L 14Halophila Thouars 15Enhalus Rich 16Thalassia Banks amp Sol ex KD Koenig 17

35 Scheuchzeriaceae 1 genusScheuchzeria L 136 Aponogetonaceae 1 genusAponogeton Lf 137 Juncaginaceae 4 generaTetroncium Willd 1Cycnogeton Endl 2Triglochin Riv ex L 3Maundia FMuell 438 Zosteraceae 2 generaPhyllospadix Hook 1Zostera L 239 Potamogetonaceae 7 generaAlthenia FPetit 1Lepilanea JDrumm ex Harv 2Pseudoalthenia 3Zannichellia PMicheli ex L 4Groenlandia JGay 5Stuckenia Boumlrner 6Potamogeton L 740 Posidoniaceae 1 genusPosidonia KDKoenig 142 Cymodoceaceae 6 generaRuppia L 1Halodule Endl 2Thalassodendron Hartog 3Cymodocea KDKoenig 4Amphibolis CAgardh 5Syringodium Kuumltz 6 Petrosaviales 1 family43 Petrosaviaceae 2 generaJaponolirion Nakai 1Petrosavia Becc 2 Dioscoreales 3 families44 Nartheciaceae 5 generaMetanarthecium Maxim 1Aletris L 2Lophiola Ker Gawl 3Nietneria Klotzsch ex Benth 4Narthecium Huds 5

Table 2 Continued

6

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

45 Burmanniaceae 13 generaMarthella Urb 1Miersiella Urb 2Campylosiphon Benth 3Dictyostega Miers 4Hexapterella Urb 5Gymnosiphon Blume 6Apteria Nutt 7Burmannia L 8Oxygyne Schltr 9Afrothismia Schltr 10Thismia Griff 11Haplothismia Airy Shaw 12Tiputinia PEBerry amp CLWoodw 1346 Dioscoreaceae 4 generaStenomeris Planch 1Tacca JRForst amp GForst 2Trichopus Gaertn 3Dioscorea Plum ex L 4 Pandanales 5 families47 Triuridaceae 9 generaKihansia Cheek 1Kupea Cheek amp SAWilliams 2Peltophyllum Gardner 3Triuridopsis HMaas ampMaas 4Lacandonia EMartiacutenez amp Ramos 5Triuris Miers 6Soridium Miers 7Seychellaria Hemsl 8Sciaphila Blume 948 Velloziaceae 5 generaAcanthochlamys PCKao 1Xerophyta Juss 2Barbacenia Vand 3Barbaceniopsis LBSm 4Vellozia Vand 549 Stemonaceae 4 generaPentastemona Steenis 1Stemona Lour 2Stichoneuron Hookf 3Croomia Torr 450 Cyclanthaceae 12 generaCyclanthus Poit ex ARich 1Schultesiophytum Harling 2Dicranopygium Harling 3Ludovia Brongn 4Sphaeradenia Harling 5

Stelestylis Drude 6Chorigyne RErikss 7Thoracocarpus Harling 8Asplundia Harling 9Carludovica Ruiz amp Pav 10Dianthoveus Hammel amp GJWilder 11Evodianthus Oerst 1251 Pandanaceae 5 generaSararanga Hemsl 1Freycinetia Gaudich 2Martellidendron (PicSerm) Callm amp Chassot 3

Benstonea Callm amp Buerki 4Pandanus Parkinson 5 Liliales 10 families52 Campynemataceae 2 generaCampynema Labill 1Campynemanthe Baill 253 Melanthiaceae 16 generaZigadenus Michx 1Schoenocaulon AGray 2Amianthium AGray 3Veratrum L 4Toxicoscordion Rydb 5Stenanthium (AGray) Kunth 6Anticlea Kunth 7Chamaelirium Willd 8Helonias L 9Ypsilandra Franch 10Chionographis Maxim 11Heloniopsis AGray 12Xerophyllum Michx 13Pseudotrillium SBFarmer 14Paris L 15Trillium L 1654 Petermanniaceae 1 genusPetermannia FMuell 155 Alstroemeriaceae 4 generaDrymophila RBr 1Luzuriaga Ruiz amp Pav 2Bomarea Mirb 3Alstroemeria L 456 Colchicaceae 16 generaUvularia L 1Disporum Salisb ex GDon 2Burchardia RBr 3Kuntheria Conran amp Clifford 4

Tripladenia DDon 5Schelhammera RBr 6Camptorrhiza Hutch 7Iphigenia Kunth 8Baeometra Salisb ex Endl 9Wurmbea Thunb 10Gloriosa L 11Sandersonia Hook 12Ornithoglossum Salisb 13Hexacyrtis Dinter 14Androcymbium Willd 15Colchicum L 1657 Philesiaceae 2 generaLapageria Ruiz amp Pav 1Philesia Comm ex Juss 258 Rhipogonaceae 1 genusRipogonum JRForst amp GForst 159 Smilacaceae 2 generaHeterosmilax Kunth 1Smilax L 260 Corsiaceae 3 generaArachnitis Phil 1Corsia Becc 2Corsiopsis DXZhang RMKSaunders amp CMHu 3

61 Liliaceae 16 generaTricyrtis Wall 1Streptopus Michx 2Scoliopus Torr 3Prosartes DDon 4Calochortus Pursh 5Medeola Gronov ex L 6Clintonia Raf 7Gagea Salisb 8Tulipa L 9Amana Honda 10Erythronium L 11Notholirion Wall ex Boiss 12Cardiocrinum (Endl) Lindl 13Fritillaria Tourn ex L 14Nomocharis Franch 15Lilium Tourn ex L 16 Asparagales 14 families62 Orchidaceae not included 63 Boryaceae 2 generaAlania Endl 1Borya Labill 2

Table 2 Continued

7

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

64 Blandfordiaceae 1 genusBlandfordia Sm 165 Asteliaceae 4 generaNeoastelia JBWilliams 1Milligania Hookf 2Collospermum Skottsb 3Astelia Banks amp Sol ex RBr 466 Lanariaceae 1 genusLanaria Aiton 167 Hypoxidaceae 10 generaRhodohypoxis Nel 1Hypoxis L 2Empodium Salisb 3Pauridia Harv 4Saniella Hilliard amp BLBurtt 5Spiloxene Salisb 6Sinocurculigo ZJLiu LJChen amp KWei Liu 7

Hypoxidia FFriedmann 8Molineria Colla 9Curculigo Gaertn 1068 Tecophilaeaceae 9 generaConanthera Ruiz amp Pav 1Tecophilaea Bertero ex Colla 2Zephyra DDon 3Odontostomum Torr 4Kabuyea Brummitt 5Cyanastrum Oliv 6Walleria JKirk 7Eremiolirion JCManning amp FForest 8Cyanella Royen ex L 969 Doryanthaceae 1 genusDoryanthes Correcirca 170 Ixioliriaceae 1 genusIxiolirion Fisch ex Herb 171 Iridaceae 69 generaIsophysis TMoore 1Patersonia RBr 2Geosiris Baill 3Aristea Aiton 4Nivenia Vent 5Witsenia Thunb 6Klattia Baker 7Tritoniopsis LBolus 8Melasphaerula Ker Gawl 9Gladiolus Tourn ex L 10Micranthus (Pers) Eckl 11

Thereianthus GJLewis 12Pillansia LBolus 13Watsonia Mill 14Lapeirousia Pourr 15Cyanixia Goldblatt amp JCManning 16Savannosiphon Goldblatt amp Marais 17Zygotritonia Mildbr 18Xenoscapa (Goldblatt) Goldblatt amp JCManning 19

Freesia Eckl ex Klatt 20Devia Goldblatt amp JCManning 21Crocosmia Planch 22Radinosiphon NEBr 23Romulea Maratti 24Crocus L 25Syringodea Hookf 26Hesperantha Ker Gawl 27Geissorhiza Ker Gawl 28Chasmanthe NEBr 29Babiana Ker Gawl 30Duthiastrum MPde Vos 31Sparaxis Ker Gawl 32Dierama KKoch 33Tritonia Ker Gawl 34Ixia L 35Diplarrena Labill 36Iris Tourn ex L 37Dietes Salisb ex Klatt 38Bobartia L 39Ferraria Burm ex Mill 40Moraea Mill 41Orthrosanthus Sweet 42Libertia Spreng 43Solenomelus Miers 44Olsynium Raf 45Tapeinia Juss 46Sisyrinchium L 47Pseudiris Chukr amp AGil 48Pseudotrimezia RCFoster 49Neomarica Sprague 50Trimezia Salisb ex Herb 51Larentia Klatt 52Cipura Aubl 53Lethia Ravenna 54Salpingostylis Small 55Nemastylis Nutt 56Herbertia Sweet 57

Calydorea Herb 58Cypella Herb 59Alophia Herb 60Phalocallis Herb 61Eleutherine Herb 62Hesperoxiphion Baker 63Gelasine Herb 64Mastigostyla IMJohnst 65Ennealophus NEBr 66Cobana Ravenna 67Sessilanthera Molseed amp Cruden 68Tigridia Juss 6972 Xeronemataceae 1 genusXeronema Brongn amp Gris 173 Xanthorrhoeaceae 38 generaAsphodeline Rchb 1Asphodelus L 2Bulbinella Kunth 3Kniphofia Moench 4Trachyandra Kunth 5Eremurus MBieb 6Bulbine Wolf 7Aloidendron (Berger) Klopper amp Gideon FSm 8

Kumara Medik 9Haworthia Duval 10Aloiampelos Klopper amp Gideon FSm 11Aloe L 12Haworthiopsis GDRowley 13Gasteria Duval 14Astroloba Uitewaal 15Aristaloe Boatwr amp JCManning 16Gonialoe (Baker) Boatwr amp JCManning 17

Tulista Raf 18Xanthorrhoea Sm 19Simethis Kunth 20Hemerocallis L 21Hodgsoniola FMuell 22Tricoryne RBr 23Corynotheca FMuell ex Benth 24Caesia RBr 25Arnocrinum Endl amp Lehm 26Hensmania WFitzg 27Stawellia FMuell 28Johnsonia RBr 29Pasithea DDon 30

Table 2 Continued

8

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Phormium JRForst amp GForst 31Geitonoplesium ACunn ex RBr 32Agrostocrinum FMuell 33Herpolirion Hookf 34Stypandra RBr 35Thelionema RJFHend 36Eccremis Willd ex Schult amp Schultf 37Dianella Lam ex Juss 3874 Amaryllidaceae 75 generaAgapanthus LrsquoHeacuter 1Allium L 2Prototulbaghia Vosa 3Tulbaghia L 4Solaria Phil 5Gilliesia Lindl 6Miersia Lindl 7Nothoscordum Kunth 8Schickendantziella Speg 9Speea Loes 10Tristagma Poepp 11Trichlora Baker 12Leucocoryne Lindl 13Amaryllis L 14Boophone Herb 15Ammocharis Herb 16Crinum L 17Crossyne Salisb 18Strumaria Jacq 19Nerine Herb 20Hessea Herb 21Namaquanula DMuumlll-Doblies amp UMuumlll-Doblies 22

Brunsvigia Heist 23Cyrtanthus Aiton 24Calostemma RBr 25Proiphys Herb 26Cryptostephanus Welw ex Baker 27Clivia Lindl 28Scadoxus Raf 29Haemanthus L 30Apodolirion Baker 31Gethyllis L 32Ungernia Bunge 33Lycoris Herb 34Hannonia Braun-Blanq amp Maire 35Lapiedra Lag 36Vagaria Herb 37

Acis Salisb 38Leucojum L 39Galanthus L 40Pancratium Dill ex L 41Sternbergia Waldst amp Kit 42Narcissus L 43Worsleya (Traub) Traub 44Cearanthes Ravenna 45Griffinia Ker Gawl 46Traubia Moldenke 47Phycella Lindl 48Placea Miers 49Eithea Ravenna 50Tocantinia Ravenna 51Sprekelia Heist 52Rhodophiala CPresl 53Habranthus Herb 54Zephyranthes Herb 55Hippeastrum Herb 56Pyrolirion Herb 57Eustephia Cav 58Chlidanthus Herb 59Hieronymiella Pax 60Pamianthe Stapf 61Paramongaia Velarde 62Clinanthus Herb 63Hymenocallis Salisb 64Leptochiton Sealy 65Ismene Salisb ex Herb 66Rauhia Traub 67Phaedranassa Herb 68Plagiolirion Baker 69Caliphruria Herb 70Eucharis Planch amp Linden 71Mathieua Klotzsch 72Stenomesson Herb 73Urceolina Rchb 74Eucrosia Ker Gawl 7575 Asparagaceae 120 generaSowerbaea Sm 1Laxmannia RBr 2Xerolirion ASGeorge 3Romnalda PFStevens 4Chamaexeros Benth 5Acanthocarpus Lehm 6Lomandra Labill 7Chamaescilla FMuell ex Benth 8

Cordyline Comm ex RBr 9Trichopetalum Lindl 10Murchisonia Brittan 11Thysanotus RBr 12Eustrephus RBr 13Dichopogon Kunth 14Arthropodium RBr 15Hemiphylacus SWatson 16Asparagus Tourn ex L 17Eriospermum Jacq 18Disporopsis Hance 19Maianthemum FHWigg 20Heteropolygonatum MNTamura amp Ogisu 21

Polygonatum Mill 22Theropogon Maxim 23Comospermum Rauschert 24Dracaena Vand ex L 25Danae Medik 26Semele Kunth 27Ruscus L 28Peliosanthes Andrews 29Liriope Lour 30Ophiopogon Ker Gawl 31Dasylirion Zucc 32Calibanus Rose 33Beaucarnea Lem 34Nolina Michx 35Speirantha Baker 36Convallaria L 37Reineckea Kunth 38Rohdea Roth 39Tupistra Ker Gawl 40Aspidistra Ker Gawl 41Aphyllanthes L 42Anemarrhena Bunge 43Behnia Didr 44Herreria Ruiz amp Pav 45Herreriopsis HPerrier 46Clara Kunth 47Anthericum L 48Diamena Ravenna 49Diora Ravenna 50Paradisea Mazzuc 51Trihesperus Herb 52Duiranthera Hemsl 53Hagenbachia Nees amp Mart 54

Table 2 Continued

9

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Chlorophytum Ker Gawl 55Leucocrinum Nutt ex AGray 56Echeandia Ortega 57Hesperocallis AGray 58Hosta Tratt 59Eremocrinum MEJones 60Chlorogalum (Lindl) Kunth 61Schoenolirion Durand 62Hastingsia SWatson 63Camassia Lindl 64Hesperoyucca (Engelm) Trel 65Hesperaloe Engelm 66Yucca L 67Beschorneria Kunth 68Furcraea Vent 69Polianthes L 70Manfreda Salisb 71Agave L 72Androstephium Torr 73Muilla SWatson ex Benth 74Bloomeria Kellogg 75Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl 76Triteleiopsis Hoover 77Dichelostemma Kunth 78Brodiaea Sm 79Jaimehintonia BLTurner 80Petronymphe HEMoore 81Bessera Schultf 82Dandya HEMoore 83Milla Cav 84Oziroe Raf 85Albuca L 86Ornithogalum L 87Pseudogaltonia (Kunze) Engl 88Dipcadi Medik 89Bowiea Harv ex Hookf 90Sagittanthera 91Drimia Jacq 92Pseudoprospero Speta 93Merwilla Speta 94Schizocarphus van der Merwe 95Resnova van der Merwe 96Drimiopsis Lindl amp Paxton 97Ledebouria Roth 98Eucomis LrsquoHeacute 99Spetaea Wetschnig amp Pfosser 100Daubenya Lindl 101

Veltheimia Gled 102Lachenalia JJacq ex Murray 103Namophila UMuumlll-Doblies amp DMuumlll-Doblies 104

Massonia Thunb ex Houtt 105Barnardia Lindl 106Zagrosia Speta 107Alrawia (Wendelbo) Perss amp Wendelbo 108Puschkinia Adams 109Brimeura Salisb 110Hyacinthus Tourn ex L 111Pseudomuscari Garbari amp Greuter 112Fessia Speta 113Hyacinthoides Heist ex Fabr 114Leopoldia Parl 115Prospero Salisb 116Hyacinthella Schur 117Muscari Mill 118Bellevalia Lapeyr 119Scilla L 120 Arecales 1 family76 ArecaceaePalmae 183 generaEugeissona Griff 1Oncocalamus (GMann amp HWendl) HWendl 2

Eremospatha (GMann amp HWendl) Schaedtler 3

Laccosperma Drude 4Raphia PBeauv 5Lepidocaryum Mart 6Mauritia Lf 7Mauritiella Burret 8Korthalsia Blume 9Eleiodoxa (Becc) Burret 10Salacca Reinw 11Metroxylon Rottb 12Pigafetta (Blume) Becc 13Plectocomia Mart amp Blume 14Myrialepis Becc 15Plectocomiopsis Becc 16Calamus L 17Nypa Steck 18Sabal Adans 19Schippia Burret 20Trithrinax Mart 21Zombia LHBailey 22Coccothrinax Sarg 23

Hemithrinax Hookf 24Leucothrinax CLewis amp Zona 25Thrinax Lf ex Sw 26Chelyocarpus Drammer 27Cryosophila Blume 28Itaya HEMoore 29Sabinaria RBernal amp Galeano 30Phoenix L 31Chamaerops L 32Guihaia JDransf SKLee amp FNWei 33Trachycarpus HWendl 34Rhapidophyllum HWendl amp Drude 35Maxburretia Furtado 36Rhapis Lf ex Aiton 37Livistona RBr 38Licuala Wurmb 39Lanonia AJHend amp CDBacon 40Johannesteijsmannia HEMoore 41Pholidocarpus Blume 42Saribus Blume 43Acoelorrhaphe HWendl 44Serenoa Hookf 45Brahea Mart 46Colpothrinax Schaedtler 47Copernicia Mart ex Endl 48Pritchardia Seem amp HWendl 49Washingtonia HWendl 50Chuniophoenix Burret 51Kerriodoxa JDransf 52Nannorrhops HWendl 53Tahina JDransf amp Rakotoarin 54Caryota L 55Arenga Labill ex DC 56Wallichia Roxb 57Corypha L 58Bismarckia Hildebr amp HWendl 59Satranala JDransf amp Beentje 60Hyphaene Gaertn 61Medemia Wuumlrttemb ex HWendl 62Latania Comm ex Juss 63Lodoicea Comm ex DC 64Borassodendron Becc 65Borassus L 66Pseudophoenix HWendl ex Sarg 67Ceroxylon Bonpl ex DC 68Juania Drude 69

Table 2 Continued

10

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Oraniopsis (Becc) JDransf AKIrvine amp NWUhl 70

Ravenea HWendl ex CDBoucheacute 71Ammandra OFCook 72Aphandra Barford 73Phytelephas Ruiz amp Pav 74Iriartella HWendl 75Dictyocaryum HWendl 76Iriartea Ruiz amp Pav 77Socratea HKarst 78Wettinia Poepp ex Endl 79Hyophorbe Gaertn 80Wendlandiella Dammer 81Synechanthus HWendl 82Chamaedorea Willd 83Gaussia HWendl 84Podococcus GMann amp HWendl 85Orania Zipp 86Sclerosperma GMann amp HWendl 87Roystonea OFCook 88Reinhardtia Liebm 89Beccariophoenix Jum amp HPerrier 90Jubaeopsis Becc 91Voanioala JDransf 92Allagoptera Nees 93Attalea Kunth 94Butia (Becc) Becc 95Cocos L 96Jubaea Kunth 97Lytocaryum Toledo 98Syagrus Mart 99Parajubaea Burret 100Acrocomia Mart 101Astrocaryum GMey 102Aiphanes Willd 103Bactris Jacq ex Scop 104Desmoncus Mart 105Barcella (Traill) Drude 106Elaeis Jacq 107Manicaria Gaertn 108Hyospathe Mart 109Euterpe Mart 110Prestoea Hookf 111Neonicholsonia Dammer 112Oenocarpus Mart 113Welfia HWendl 114Pholidostachys HWendl ex Hookf 115

Calyptrogyne HWendl 116Calyptronoma Griseb 117Asterogyne HWendl ex Hookf 118Geonoma Willd 119Leopoldinia Mart 120Pelagodoxa Becc 121Sommieria Becc 122Actinorhytis HWendl amp Drude 123Archontophoenix HWendl amp Drude 124Actinokentia Dammer 125Chambeyronia Vieill 126Kentiopsis Brongn 127Areca L 128Nenga HWendl amp Drude 129Pinanga Blume 130Basselinia Vieill 131Burretiokentia PicSerm 132Cyphophoenix HWendl ex Hookf 133Cyphosperma HWendl ex Hookf 134Lepidorrhachis (HWendl amp Drude) OFCook 135

Physokentia Becc 136Carpoxylon HWendl amp Drude 137Satakentia HEMoore 138Neoveitchia Becc 139Cyphokentia Brongn 140Clinosperma Becc 141Dypsis Noronha ex Mart 142Lemurophoenix JDransf 143Marojejya Humbert 144Masoala Jum 145Calyptrocalyx Blume 146Linospadix HWendl 147Howea Becc 148Laccospadix HWendl amp Drude 149Oncosperma Blume 150Deckenia HWendl ex Seem 151Acanthophoenix HWendl 152Tectiphiala HEMoore 153Ptychosperma Labill 154Ponapea Becc 155Adonidia Becc 156Wallaceodoxa Heatubun amp WJBaker 157Jailoloa Heatubun amp WJBaker 158Manjekia WJBaker amp Heatubun 159Balaka Becc 160Veitchia HWendl 161

Carpentaria Becc 162Wodyetia AKIrvine 163Drymophloeus Zipp 164Normanbya FMuell ex Becc 165Brassiophoenix Burret 166Ptychococcus Becc 167Rhopalostylis HWendl amp Drude 168Hedyscepe HWendl amp Drude 169Nephrosperma Balff 170Phoenicophorium HWendl 171Roscheria HWendl ex Balff 172Verschaffeltia HWendl 173Bentinckia Berry ex Roxb 174Clinostigma HWendl 175Cyrtostachys Blume 176Dictyosperma HWendl amp Drude 177Dransfieldia WJBaker amp Zona 178Heterospathe Scheff 179Hydriastele HWendl amp Drude 180Iguanura Blume 181Loxococcus HWendl amp Drude 182Rhopaloblaste Scheff 183 Commelinales 5 families77 Hanguanaceae 1 genusHanguana Blume 178 Commelinaceae 41 generaTriceratella Brenan 1Cartonema RBr 2Palisota Rchb 3Anthericopsis Engl 4Murdannia Royle 5Buforrestia CBClarke 6Stanfieldiella Brenan 7Floscopa Lour 8Pseudoparis HPerrier 9Tricarpelema JKMorton 10Dictyospermum Wight 11Pollia Thunb 12Tapheocarpa Conran 13Rhopalephora Hassk 14Aneilema RBr 15Polyspatha Benth 16Commelina L 17Aetheolirion Forman 18Streptolirion Edgew 19Spatholirion Ridl 20Cochliostema Lem 21

Table 2 Continued

11

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Plowmanianthus Faden amp CRHardy 22Geogenanthus Ule 23Siderasis Raf 24Dichorisandra JCMikan 25Coleotrype CBClarke 26Porandra DYHong 27Amischotolype Hassk 28Belosynapsis Hassk 29Cyanotis DDon 30Sauvallea CWright 31Gibasoides DRHunt 32Matudanthus DRHunt 33Tinantia Scheidw 34Weldenia Schultf 35Thyrsanthemum Pichon 36Callisia Loefl 37Tripogandra Raf 38Elasis DRHunt 39Gibasis Raf 40Tradescantia Ruppius ex L 4179 Philydraceae 3 generaPhilydrella Caruel 1Philydrum Banks amp Sol ex Gaertn 2Helmholtzia FMuell 380 Pontederiaceae 6 generaHydrothrix Hookf 1Scholleropsis HPerrier 2Eichhornia Kunth 3Pontederia L 4Monochoria CPresl 5Heteranthera Ruiz amp Pav 681 Haemodoraceae 14 generaTribonanthes Endl 1Macropidia JDrumm ex Harv 2Anigozanthos Labill 3Phlebocarya RBr 4Blancoa Lindl 5Conostylis RBr 6Dilatris PJBergius 7Lachnanthes Elliott 8Haemodorum Sm 9Barberetta Harv 10Wachendorfia Burm 11Pyrrorhiza Maguire amp Wurdack 12Schiekia Meisn 13Xiphidium Aubl 14

Zingiberales 8 families82 Strelitziaceae 3 generaRavenala Scop 1Phenakospermum Endl 2Strelitzia Banks 383 Lowiaceae 1 genusOrchidantha NEBr 184 Heliconiaceae 1 genusHeliconia L 185 Musaceae 3 generaMusa L 1Musella (Franch) CYWu ex HWLi 2Ensete Bruce ex Horan 386 Cannaceae 1 genusCanna L 187 Marantaceae 28 generaSarcophrynium KSchum 1Thaumatococcus Benth 2Megaphrynium Milne-Redh 3Trachyphrynium Benth 4Hypselodelphys (KSchum) Milne-Redh 5Haumania JLeacuteonard 6Goeppertia Nees 7Monotagma KSchum 8Calathea GMey 9Pleiostachya KSchum 10Ischnosiphon Koumlrn 11Thalia L 12Donax Lour 13Schumannianthus Gagnep 14Phrynium Willd 15Marantochloa Brongn ex Gris 16Afrocalathea KSchum 17Stachyphrynium KSchum 18Monophyllanthe KSchum 19Indianthus Suksathan amp Borchs 20Halopegia KSchum 21Myrosma Lf 22Hylaeanthe AMEJonker amp Jonker 23Maranta Plum ex L 24Saranthe (Regel amp Koumlrn) Eichler 25Koernickanthe LAndersson 26Ctenanthe Eichler 27Stromanthe Sond 2888 Costaceae 7 generaChamaecostus CDSpecht amp DWStev 1Monocostus KSchum 2

Dimerocostus Kuntze 3Costus L 4Paracostus CDSpecht 5Hellenia Retz 6Tapeinochilos Miq 789 Zingiberaceae 52 generaAulotandra Gagnep 1Siphonochilus JMWood amp Franks 2Tamijia SSakai amp Nagam 3Siliquamomum JMWood amp Franks 4Siamanthus KLarsen amp JMood 5Burbidgea Hookf 6Pleuranthodium (KSchum) RMSm 7Riedelia Oliv 8Cyphostigma Benth 9Leptosolena CPresl 10Vanoverberghia Merr 11Geocharis (KSchum) Ridl 12Elettaria Maton 13Elettariopsis Baker 14Geostachys (Baker) Ridl 15Plagiostachys Ridl 16Hornstedtia Retz 17Aframomum KSchum 18Renealmia Lf 19Etlingera Giseke 20Amomum Roxb 21Alpinia Roxb 22Globba L 23Gagnepainia KSchum 24Hemiorchis Kurz 25Caulokaempferia KLarsen 26Camptandra Ridl 27Hitchenia Wall 28Laosanthus KLarsen amp Jenjitt 29Smithatris WJKress amp KLarsen 30Stahlianthus Kuntze 31Curcuma L 32Nanochilus KSchum 33Stadiochilus RMSm 34Larsenianthus WJKress amp Mood 35Hedychium JKoenig 36Pommereschea Wittm 37Rhynchanthus Hookf 38Cautleya (Royle ex Benth) Hookf 39Roscoea Sm 40Kedhalia CKLim 41

Table 2 Continued

12

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocots TAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Newmania NSLyacute amp Škorničk 42Haniffia Holttum 43Parakaempferia ASRao amp DMVerma 44Myxochlamys ATakano amp Nagam 45Cornukaempferia Mood amp KLarsen 46Distichochlamys MFNewman 47Haplochorema KSchum 48Scaphochlamys Baker 49Kaempferia L 50Boesenbergia Kuntze 51Zingiber Mill 52 Unplaced 1 family90 Dasypogonaceae 4 generaBaxteria RBr ex Hook 1Kingia RBr 2Dasypogon RBr 3Calectasia RBr 4 Poales 16 families91 Typhaceae 2 generaSparganium L 1Typha L 292 Bromeliaceae 47 generaAyensua LBSm 1Brocchinia Schult amp Schultf 2Connellia NEBr 3Lindmania Mez 4Glomeropitcairnia Mez 5Catopsis Griseb 6Vriesea Lindl 7Mezobromelia LBSm 8Guzmania Ruiz amp Pav 9Tillandsia L 10Hechtia Klotzsch 11Cottendorfia Schult amp Schultf 12Brewcaria LBSm Steyerm amp HRob 13Steyerbromelia LBSm 14Navia Schult amp Schultf 15Pitcairnia LrsquoHeacuter 16Fosterella LBSm 17Deuterocohnia Mez 18Encholirium Mart ex Schult amp Schultf 19Dyckia Schult amp Schultf 20Puya Molina 21Fascicularia Mez 22Ochagavia Phil 23Greigia Regel 24Bromelia L 25

Fernseea Baker 26Neoglaziovia Mez 27Ananas Mill 28Lapanthus Louzada amp Versieux 29Cryptanthus Otto amp ADietr 30Orthophytum Beer 31Acanthostachys Link Klotzsch amp Otto 32Eduandrea Leme WTill GKBr JRGrant amp Govaerts 33

Hohenbergiopsis LBSm amp Read 34Androlepis Brongn ex Houllet 35Disteganthus Lem 36Portea Brongn ex KKoch 37Araeococcus Brongn 38Lymania Read 39Ronnbergia EMorren amp Andreacute 40Canistrum EMorren 41Quesnelia Gaudich 42Nidularium Lem 43Hohenbergia Schult amp Schultf 44Billbergia Thunb 45Neoregelia LBSm 46Aechmea Ruiz amp Pav 4793 Rapateaceae 17 generaSpathanthus Desv 1Duckea Maguire 2Cephalostemon RHSchomb 3Rapatea Aubl 4Maschalocephalus Gilg amp KSchum 5Windsorina Gleason 6Potarophytum Sandwith 7Monotrema Koumlrn 8Saxofridericia RHSchomb 9Kunhardtia Maguire 10Guacamaya Maguire 11Schoenocephalium Seub 12Marahuacaea Maguire 13Phelpsiella Maguire 14Epidryos Maguire 15Amphiphyllum Gleason 16Stegolepis Klotzsch ex Koumlrn 1794 Xyridaceae 5 generaAchlyphila Maguire amp Wurdack 1Xyris Gronov ex L 2Abolboda Bonpl 3Aratitiyopea Steyerm amp PEBerry 4Orectanthe Maguire 5

95 Eriocaulaceae 10 generaMesanthemum Koumlrn 1Eriocaulon L 2Comanthera LBSm 3Syngonanthus Ruhland 4Leiothrix Ruhland 5Rondonanthus Herzog 6Tonina Aubl 7Lachnocaulon Kunth 8Actinocephalus (Koumlrn) Sano 9Paepalanthus Mart 1096 Mayacaceae 1 genusMayaca Aubl 197 Thurniaceae 2 generaPrionium EMey 1Thurnia Hookf 298 Juncaceae 8 generaOreojuncus Zaacutev Draacutebk amp Kirschner 1Luzula DC 2Patosia Buchenau 3Rostkovia Desv 4Distichia Nees amp Meyen 5Marsippospermum Desv 6Oxychloe Phil 7Juncus L 899 Cyperaceae 94 generaCapitularina JKern 1Diplasia Pers 2Exocarya Benth 3Lepironia Pers 4Principina Uittien 5Scirpodendron Zipp ex Kurz 6Chrysitrix L 7Chorizandra RBr 8Paramapania Uittien 9Hypolytrum Pers 10Mapania Aubl 11Afrotrilepis (Gilly) JRaynal 12Coleochloa Gilly 13Trilepis Nees 14Microdracoides Hua 15Cladium PBrowne 16Gymnoschoenus Nees 17Koyamaea WWThomas amp GDavidse 18Cephalocarpus Nees 19Everardia Ridl ex Oliv 20Lagenocarpus Nees 21

Table 2 Continued

13

Trias-Blasi amp al bull Linear sequence of monocotsTAXON mdash 27 May 2015 30 pp

This is a preliminary version that will no longer be available online once replaced by the final version

Bisboeckelera Kuntze 22Diplacrum RBr 23Becquerelia Brongn 24Scleria PJBergius 25Calyptrocarya Nees 26Capeobolus Browning 27Neesenbeckia Levyns 28Ptilothrix KLWilson 29Reedia FMuell 30Rhynchocladium TKoyama 31Trichoschoenus JRaynal 32Evandra RBr 33Morelotia Gaudich 34Cyathocoma Nees 35Trianoptiles Fenzl ex Endl 36Caustis RBr 37Cyathochaeta Nees 38Mesomelaena Nees 39Tricostularia Nees 40Oreobolus RBr 41Epischoenus CBClarke 42Carpha Banks amp Sol ex RBr 43Costularia CBClarke 44Gahnia JRForst amp GForst 45Machaerina Vahl 46Tetraria PBeauv 47Lepidosperma Labill 48Schoenus L 49Pleurostachys Brongn 50Rhynchospora Vahl 51Khaosokia DASimpson Chayam amp JParn 52

Cymophyllus Mack ex Britton amp ABr 53Calliscirpus CNGilmour JRStarr amp Naczi 54

Schoenoxiphium Nees 55Kobresia Willd 56Uncinia Pers 57Carex L 58Oreobolopsis TKoyama amp Guagl 59Trichophorum Pers 60Dulichium Pers 61Sumatroscirpus Oteng-Yeb 62Blysmus Panz ex Schult 63Amphiscirpus Oteng-Yeb 64Neoscirpus YNLee amp YCOh 65Cypringlea MTStrong 66

Phylloscirpus CBClarke 67Zameioscirpus Dhooge amp Goetgh 68Eriophorum L 69Scirpus Tourn ex L 70Fuirena Rottb 71Eleocharis RBr 72Nelmesia Van der Veken 73Bolboschoenus (Asch) Palla 74Fimbristylis Vahl 75Actinoschoenus Benth 76Arthrostylis RBr 77Trachystylis STBlake 78Crosslandia WFitzg 79Nemum Desv ex Ham 80Bulbostylis Kunth 81Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) RWHaines amp Lye 82Schoenoplectus (Rchb) Palla 83Pseudoschoenus (CBClarke) Oteng-Yeb 84

Schoenoplectiella Lye 85Karinia Reznicek amp McVaugh 86Scirpoides Seacuteg 87Dracoscirpoides Muasya 88Hellmuthia Steud 89Erioscirpus Palla 90Isolepis RBr 91Ficinia Schrad 92Androtrichum (Brongn) Brongn 93Cyperus L 94100 Anarthriaceae 3 generaAnarthria RBr 1Hopkinsia WFitzg 2Lyginia RBr 3101 Centrolepidaceae 3 generaGaimardia Gaudich 1Aphelia RBr 2Centrolepis Labill 3102 Restionaceae 42 generaHydrophilus HPLinder 1Mastersiella Gilg-Ben 2Nevillea Esterh amp HPLinder 3Cannomois PBeauv ex Desv 4Hypodiscus Nees 5Ceratocaryum Nees 6Willdenowia Thunb 7Thamnochortus PJBergius 8Soroveta HPLinder amp CRHardy 9

Platycaulos HPLinder 10Elegia L 11Anthochortus Endl 12Askidiosperma Steud 13Staberoha Kunth 14Rhodocoma Nees 15Restio Rottb 16Sporadanthus FMuell ex Buchanan 17Calorophus Labill 18Lepyrodia RBr 19Eurychorda BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 20Empodisma LASJohnson amp DFCutler 21Taraxis BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 22Winifredia LASJohnson amp BGBriggs 23Alexgeorgea Carlquist 24Hypolaena RBr 25Chaetanthus RBr 26Apodasmia BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 27Dapsilanthus BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 28

Leptocarpus RBr 29Loxocarya RBr 30Platychorda BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 31

Tremulina BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 32Chordifex BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 33Baloskion Raf 34Dielsia Gilg 35Cytogonidium BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 36

Melanostachya BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 37

Tyrbastes BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 38Catacolea BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 39Lepidobolus Nees 40Coleocarya STBlake 41Desmocladus Nees 42103 Flagellariaceae 1 genusFlagellaria L 1104 Joinvilleaceae 1 genusJoinvillea Gaudich ex Brongn amp Gris 1105 Ecdeiocoleaceae 2 generaGeorgeantha BGBriggs amp LASJohnson 1

Ecdeiocolea FMuell 2106 PoaceaeGramineae not included

Table 2 Continued