A Gender Analysis on Food Security Statistics from National Household Income and Expenditures Surveys (NHIES) by Seeva RAMASAWMY (FAO Statistics Division)
Dec 30, 2015
A Gender Analysis on Food Security Statistics
fromNational Household Income and
Expenditures Surveys (NHIES)by
Seeva RAMASAWMY (FAO Statistics Division)
FOOD SECURITY
A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Food Availability ; Food Access and Food Utilization at the household level.
PURPOSE
Provides analysis of gender dynamics relating to food insecurity based on food security statistics derived from the NHIES
Inputs for planning geared toward promoting gender equality, equity and female empowerment within a framework of national development
Important to understand gender dynamics of food security in developing countries (given trends of increasing female headship—and management—of rural agricultural households)
Allow for effective monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes
1. Indicators of Food Insecurity
2. Food Security Statistics Module Software
3. Selected Food Insecurity Indicators from Philippines FIES 2003
4. Conclusion
OUTLINE
MDG Hunger Indicator 1.9:
Reduce the proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption (MDER) by half by 2015.
World Food Summit Target:
Reduce the number of undernourished people by half by 2015.
INDICATORS OF FOOD INSECURITY
Food Deprivation (MDG & WFS hunger indicators)Minimum food needsCritical food povertyIntensity of food inadequacy/Depth of hungerFood consumption (Quantity, Monetary & Nutrient
values)Food accessDiet composition, quality and diversityMicronutrient analysis (Protein quality and Amino
acids)
ASSESSING FOOD INSECURITY SITUATION USING A SET OF FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS
Who are the food insecure population groups?Where are these food insecure population
groups located?Where do households acquire their food?How do households acquire their food?How food is distributed in the population?What type of diet do households consume? What are the incomes, where do
individuals/households get their incomes and how income is distributed among the households?
ASSESSING FOOD INSECURITY BY ANSWERING KEY QUESTIONS
Responsible for the Global Monitoring of MDG Hunger Indicator (1.9)
State of Food Insecurity in the World – SOFI 2008
Technical Assistance at Country level – 80 countries
Use of Food Security Statistics Module - (FSSM)
Process - Analyse – Report
Micronutrient Analysis - Protein Quality and Amino Acids – Quality of Diet
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL TOOL
Derive Food Security Indicators at National and Sub National levels from the food data available from HBS.
Dissemination – Country Food Insecurity Report-Country NSO Website-FAO Food Security Website
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL TOOL
Sub National levels (Functional Groups) - Geographical – Urban/Rural, Regions, Provinces
- Demographic – GENDER, Household Size, Age of head of HH,
- Socio-Economic – Education, Marital/Activity
Status, Economic Activity, Occupation, Income, etc.
FOA STATISTICS METHODOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL TOOL
Dietary energy consumption by Gender and Population Groups
0
1000
2000
3000A
vera
ge D
EC
1 o
r 2 fam
ily
mem
bers
>5 fam
ily
mem
bers
age le
ss than
35
age m
ore
than 6
0
agri a
ctiv
ity
non a
gri
activ
ity
colle
ge
gra
duate
Kcal/p
ers
on
/day
MaleFemale
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Dietary energy consumption by Gender & Regions
0
1000
2000
3000
NC
R
Lu
zon
1
Lu
zon
2
Lu
zon
3
Vis
aya
s
Min
da
na
o 1
Min
da
na
o 2
Min
da
na
o 3
Kc
al/p
ers
on
/da
y
Male Female
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Food deprivation proportions are higher for male-headed households than for female-headed households (National levels & Population Groups)
0
20
40
60
Philippines age betw een35 and 44
more than 5members
Agri Activity No educationgrade
Per
cen
t
Male
Female
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
0
20
40
60N
CR
Lu
zo
n 1
Lu
zo
n 2
Lu
zo
n 3
Vis
aya
s
Min
da
na
o
1
Min
da
na
o
2
Min
da
na
o
3
Perc
en
t
Male Female
Food deprivation are higher for male-headed households in all regions.
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Diet Composition
1015
55
15
30
75
0
20
40
60
80
Proteins Fats Carbohydrates
Per
cen
t
WHO/FAO(minimum)
Male HeadedFemale Headed
WHO/FAO(maximum)
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
1.Cost of balanced MDER (Minimum Dietary Energy Requirement)
Male Female
P 11.86
P 12.43
Female-headed families had a higher cost of daily diet
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
Male Female
P 91.36 P 62.47
Female-headed families had a lower daily per person income/consumption
2. Income
Findings on share of food in total consumption
Filipino female-headed families spent on average larger share of their total consumption on food; less money left for buying other goods than food.
Female-headed families in better position than male-headed families that had less money to buy any kind of goods, including food.
Findings on Inequality in access to food
CV of food dietary energy consumption was 29.4 percent for both female and male-headed families; indicates no difference between men and women in inequality in access to food.
PHILIPPINES GENDER FOOD SECURITY STATISTICS
CONCLUSIONS
NHIES in countries are major sources of information for deriving gender sensitive food security statistics and indicators
NHIES allows the effective monitoring and evaluation of project, policies, programmes.
NHIES is useful to analyze gender dynamics into urban-rural areas and provide important details to food insecurity analysis at national and sub-national levels
THANK YOU