A Future Made of Glass - Georgia Institute of · PDF fileA Future Made of Glass - Symposium on the Future of Materials Science and Engineering: An Industry Perspective Peter L. Bocko

A Future Made of Glass -Symposium on the Future of Materials Science and Engineering: An Industry Perspective

Peter L. BockoCTO - Corning Glass Technologies

14 May 2013

Glass Technologies © 2013 Corning Incorporated 2

Silicate glass is one of the earliest topics of materials science

• Glass articles have been manufactured for ~5000 years.

– The history of glass making can be traced back to 3000 BCE in Mesopotamia

– The earliest known man made glass are date back to around 3500BC, with finds in Egypt and Eastern Mesopotamia.

– Early artifacts show substantial glass chemistry know-how & sophistication


Everybody thinks they know what glass is…or was.


…but glass is in fact the jeweled bearing in one of the most compelling trends in human history: pervasive interconnectivity


Our products today in the value chain for Ubiquitous Connectivity & Display

Information Delivery

Information Display

EAGLE XG® & Lotus™ Substrate Glass for High Performance LCD & OLED

Corning Optical Fiber, Cable, Components & Wireless Solutions

User Interface: Touch Screen Cover

Corning® Gorilla® Cover Glass


Just how large is the opportunity for engineered glass? LCD glass consumption in 2012 was 3.6 109 ft²

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1987 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Mill

ion

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re F

eet

Seattle Boston

3.6 Billion square feet of glass is enough for a ribbon of glass 4-lanes wide (including generous median & shoulders) along the entire route of I-90


2011Setting the industry standard

2012Same durability, 20% thinner

2013Improved scratch resistance

Gorilla Glass: An example of the glass industry forcing the pace of innovation via optimization & specialization


…which requires moving beyond the traditional role of a cover glass


The Big Picture: What does glass actually do? Functional History of Glass on One Slide


Materials & Applications Technology Trends in Glass• Glass will be increasingly an environmental presence driven by pervasive

connectivity– Unbroken glass path from content to consumer (required by gigabit/sec

consumption)– Ubiquitous display: blurred device boundaries (client/host) and even less

distinction between real and virtual worlds– Hidden glass that enables device performance (3DIC)

• Glass functional range will expand beyond the traditional roles of encapsulant, host and (optical) functionality.

• Traditional roles of glass will be increasingly customized by application– Commodity Specialization

• The palette of the glass chemist will expand into non-traditional oxides and mixed anion systems.

• Process innovation will be directed towards Cost/Green– Market forces have synergy with environmental responsibility

• Flexible glass will be the nucleation point for a variety of new applications including low cost electronics manufacture


Academic research in glass: not a pretty story*• There is a dearth of young professors with an interest in glass. The great

thought leaders of the 60’s & 70’s are retiring and few are stepping up to carry the torch.

• At present, only one University in the US has a degree in glass science (Alfred University…60 miles from Corning)

• Programs traditionally focused on glass and ceramics have broadening into more general materials science programs at the expense of glass

• There is a decline in proposals submitted to NSF for research on glass. Professors claim glass science proposals risky propositions for funding.

• There is a growing community of physicists interested in glass science but there is very little communication between the (fading) “traditional glass science” and (growing) “glass physics” communities.

* - profound thanks to Dr. John Mauro – glass theorist & visionary extraordinaire who so well articulated this crisis.


This trend has a direct impact upon on Corning’s competitiveness” we cannot do this by ourselves• This is a serious problem for Corning in finding highly qualified

young scientists, engineers, and technicians who are passionate about glass.

• The clock speed of the industries in which we compete do not allow lengthy training & development of Chemistry, Physics & Materials Science talent to have deep thoughts about glass.

• Corning recognizes and is acting upon the fact that we should do more…

– Need to sustain internship programs in good times and bad– Need to engage academia and identify “Grand Challenges” in glass

science.– We need to partner with a wonderful affiliated resource…Corning

Museum of Glass.– Encourage & reward our young scientists for doing & presenting

fundamental science and engaging academia.


The opportunity

• We cannot do it all and we are missing the wealth of engaged and collaborative university programs with a focus on glass.

• Industrial labs typically drive to empirical understanding…but it is inefficient in this world’s pace of innovation.

– Need to drive to fundamentals. – Many glass properties lack a foundation in first principles.

• Universities can take bigger risks and have a longer attention span.

• However, universities are generally not optimal places to optimize new glass phenomena for the creation of new application space


There is a target-rich environment for academic research

Glass PropertyFundamentals

GlassStructure

Novel Chemistries, Structures &

Processes of Glass

New Functional Roles for Glass

Glass Strength & Failure at the bonding level

Nanoscale understanding of failure initiation & propagation

First principles understanding of relaxation

..& thermal conductivity

…& electrical conduction & dielectric properties

…& chemical durability

Application of Statistical Mechanical techniques to glass properties & structure

Structural roles of cationsand anions in complex glass compositions

First principles of bonding preferences in glass

Universal glass structural model that incorporates chemistry & thermal history

Multi-scale & temporal modeling: quantum, atomistic, meso- & macro-scale

Thermodynamics of crystallization and liquidusbehavior in complex glasses

Mixed anion glasses:oxychalcongenide , oxyhalide, oxynitride

Metallic glasses & the brittle-to-ductile transition

Structured glass: nanophases, laminates, glass ceramics, induced anisotropy

Environmentally friendly glass melting & fining

Glass formation at high pressure & temperature: polyamorphism

Sol-gel & nano-particleslip casting

Glass as a medium for promoting cell growth: compositions & structural effects.

Glass as a biological sensor

Novel ion conductors: Li, Na, Ag, O, F, Cl…

Glass as an acoustic medium

Advanced optical phenomena in glass: poling, microchanneling

Added surface functionality mechanical & optical coatings, sensing, catalysis, contamination resistance

Glass Technologies © 2013 Corning Incorporated 15St. Chapelle Stained Glass Windows (Paris)

There is still a lot to learn about glass…even in those areas that glass scientists thought were “settled”.


Reproduced with Permission from: Am. J. Phys. 66 [5] 392 (1998)

Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) Equation:

Conclusion: Glass would flow on a time scale of 1033 years!


Room Temperature Relaxation of Commercial Alkali Aluminosilicate Glass*

• First-ever direct measurement of dimensional changes for a commercial alkali aluminosilicate glass at room temperature: linear strain of ~10 ppm over the course of 1.5 year

• The same mechanism underlying the “thermometer effect”: observation of room temperature relaxation of glass causing a shift in the zero of aging glass thermometers in the 1890s.

• Compositionally dependent: other members of the same composition family and commercial non-alkali glass do not show this behavior

• Remarkably, this relaxation follows a stretched exponential decay with a dimensionless stretching exponent of

= 3/7, corresponding to the value predicted by the Phillips diffusion-trap model for relaxation dominated by long-range Coulomb forces.

* - Unpublished results…more thanks to Dr. John Mauro


Glass: So familiar, yet it remains a materials system with unlimited potential and profound technological complexity

• Corning Research Division is taking initiative to re-engage the academic community and US government funding agencies

– Stimulate renewal in glass academic research– Enhance alignment, communication synergy among existing glass

researchers in disparate fields.• One approach under development is a Corning sponsored event• We are now working on the articulation of “grand challenges” in glass:

fundamental glass problems that Corning feels are tractable and significant

• I will be pleased to pass on contacts for attendees of this who are interested in participating.

A Future Made of Glass - Georgia Institute of · PDF fileA Future Made of Glass - Symposium on the Future of Materials Science and Engineering: An Industry Perspective Peter L. Bocko

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