A Future Called Peace: Strengthening Yemeni Youth Leadership … · 2020-01-22 · Yemeni Youth Leadership for Conflict Transformation’ project (hereafter referred to as A Future

FINALEVALUATION

AFutureCalledPeace:StrengtheningYemeniYouthLeadershipforConflictTransformation

SEPTEMBER26,2019

DatumforResearchandConsultancyResearchTeam

Contact:Sana’a,Yemen|Telephone:+967775457255|E-mail:[email protected]

ShoqiA.Maktary CountryDirectorSearchforCommonGroundAddress:AmmanStreet,Sana'a,YemenPhone:+967733888623Email:[email protected]

SamahQassem ProjectManager SearchforCommonGround Address:AmmanStreet,Sana'a,Yemen Phone:+967733483626 Email:[email protected]

FinalEvaluation|AFutureCalledPeace:StrengtheningYemeniYouthLeadershipforConflictTransformation

2

SearchforCommonGround|YEMEN

TableofContents2.1. Introduction 92.2. Project Overview 103.1. Study Design 123.2. Objectives 123.3. Evaluation Criteria and Key Evaluation Questions 123.4. Scope 133.5. Sampling Method 143.6. Data Collection Tools and Sample Size 143.7. Data Analysis 163.8. Limitations 164.1. Relevance 174.1.1. Participation 174.1.2. Community Needs 174.2. Efficiency 194.3. Effectiveness 214.3.1. Youth-led Dialogues 214.3.2. Relationship Among Community Dividing Lines 224.3.3. Competencies Increasing and Participation 244.4. Impact 244.4.1. Perceptions of Key Informant People 244.4.2. Perceptions of Beneficiaries 264.5. Sustainability 27

TableofFiguresFigure1ActivitiesParticipationLevel Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure2RelevancetoCommunityNeeds Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure3Youth-ledDialogueEffectivenessinDealingwithCommunityIssuesError! Bookmark not defined.Figure4ProjectIncreasedCollaborationWithinCommunity Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure5YLDs&CBIsStrengthenedRelationshipwithYouthLeaders Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure6IMsCompetencyinReachingCommonGroundAmongParticipantsError! Bookmark not defined.Figure7InterventionsSatisfaction Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure8YLDs&CBIsHelpedinReducingConflict Error! Bookmark not defined.


3



4


Abbreviations

CDA CommunityDialogueApproach

CSO CivilSocietyOrganization

CBI Community-BasedInitiatives

DAC DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee

FGD FocusGroupDiscussion

IM InsiderMediator

KII KeyInformantInterview

MoPIC MinistryofPlanningandInternationalCorporation

OECD OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment

Search SearchforCommonGround

USD UnitedStateDollar

YER YemeniRial

YLD Youth-LedDialogue


5


1. ExecutiveSummary

Thepresentreportcapturesthefindingsfromafinalevaluationof‘AFutureCalledPeace:StrengtheningYemeniYouthLeadershipforConflictTransformation’project(hereafterreferredtoasAFutureCalledPeace), which was funded by USAID and implemented by Search for Common Ground (Search) inpartnershipwithfourlocalpartnerorganizations.Thiswasa20-monthproject(December01,2017toJuly30, 2019)whichwas operationalized across four districts in three governorates: 1) Al-SheikhOthmandistrictinAden;2)Al-Ma’aferdistrictinTaiz;and3)Al-MaqaterahandToorAl-BahadistrictsinLahj.

ThegoalofAFutureCalledPeacewastoenhanceyouthleaders’role(ages20to35)totransformconflictwithoutviolence.Inordertoachievethisgoal,Searchhadproposedtwospecificobjectives:

1. Youthleaders’capacityinconflictanalysisandconflicttransformationisstrengthened;and2. Collaboration among youth leaders and between youth and elders across dividing lines is

strengthened.

AFutureCalledPeacewas suspendedbyUSAID in June2015due to theoutbreakof the conflict butresumedinNovember2017tore-engageYemeniyouthleadersinfourgovernorates:Sana’a,Aden,Lahj,and Ibb. Search staff experienced a series of delays and setbacks in launching theproject due to thesecurity instabilityandthedifficulty incoordinationwithbothMinistriesofPlanningand InternationalCooperation(MoPIC)intheNorthandtheSouthofYemen.MoPIC-Sana’aintheNorthofYemenprovedto be particularly sensitive toward peacebuilding initiatives, which led Search leadership to take thestrategic decision to shift implementation to the MoPIC-Aden authority, therefore concentrating onbuildingislandsofstabilityinAden,Lahjand,Taizgovernorates.

InJune2019,towardthecloseoftheproject,Searchconductedafinalevaluationinordertomaximizethe effectiveness of its programming and engage in continuous improvement and learning withinprogramsandacrosstheorganizations.Themainobjectivesofthisevaluationwereto:

1. Evaluatetheproject'sperformanceintermsofachievingitsobjectivesandexpectedresults;2. Evaluatetheimplementationofthemainactivitiesoftheproject;3. Evaluateproceduresandprocessesforsettinguptheprojectasdescribedintheprojectproposal;4. Evaluatechangesassignedtotheprojectandlessonslearned;5. Document lessons learned and provide practical recommendations for better design and

implementation,aswellasrecommendationsonidentifyingthefuturepriorityareas;and6. Identifythedifficultiesencounteredduringtherealizationoftheproject.

MethodologyThe evaluation team used mixed-methodology (both qualitative and quantitative) data collection toinvestigateandformulatefindingsthatarehighlightedintheobjectivesmentionedabove.Inparticular,genderandlocationdisaggregationweretakenintoconsiderationwhendevelopingtoolsandanalyzingfindings.Tocollectqualitativedata,theevaluationteaminterviewed51people(37%women)throughfourfocusgroupdiscussions(FGDs)--oneineachdistrict--and12in-depthinterviews.Moreover,theevaluationteamconductedacomprehensivedocumentanalysiswiththeinvolvementoftheprojectteamto identify issuesand challenges facedby theSearch teamduring the implementationof theproject.Please see Annex 4 for a full list of project documents used in the evaluation process. To obtain


6


quantitativedata,theteamsurveyed206communitymembersanddialogueparticipants,35%ofwhomwerewomen.TheevaluationwasguidedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment- Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) criteria for evaluating conflict prevention andpeacebuildingprogrammingnamely:(Relevance,Effectiveness,Efficiency,Impact,andSustainability),andwasstructuredalongwiththeevaluationquestionsspecifiedinthetermsofreference(ToR).PleaseseeAnnex1toviewthefullToRforthefinalevaluation,writtenandpostedbySearch.

LimitationsThisparticularevaluationhasencounteredanumberofchallenges:

● Somecommunity-basedinterventionshavebeenimplementedorwereongoingafterthestartofthefinalevaluation.Therefore,thedatacollectingprocesswasbroughttoatemporaryhaltuntilSearchfinishingimplementingtheselectedcommunity-basedinterventions.Thischallengewascircumventedbyrepeateddatacollectionafterthecompletionofcommunity-basedinitiatives.

● SomeofthelocalpartnerorganizationswerelatetosubmitactivityreportstotheSearchteam,so there was a delay in providing the participants’ contact information to Datum team, inparticularinAl-ShiekhOthmandistrict.

● DuetotherecentunrestandsporadicarmedclashesinAden1,Datumteamcouldnotconductthekeyinformantinterviewwiththelocalauthority.

● Many local community members in Al-Shiekh Othman district refused or were reluctant torespond to the surveybecause theywerebusywithEidAl-Adhapreparations,ordue to theirsecurityconcernsaftertherecentpolitical-militarychaosinAden.

● Localpartnerorganizationsdidnotdealprofessionallywithattendancesheetsaswellastraditionsthatconstrainwomenfromsharingtheirphonenumbers,somostofthephonenumbersofthelocalcommunitymembersincludingwomenwhoparticipatedinthecommunitydialogueswereincomplete,wrong,orrepeated.

● Poormobilenetworkcoverageinthesouthernareashasmadeitdifficulttoreachbeneficiaries.

KeyFindingsRelevance:Theevaluationfoundtheprojecttobehighlyrelevanttotheneedsofthetargetedcommunitiesandtheirexistingissues.Thiscanbelargelyattributedtotheprojectactivitieshavingbeenbasedonathoroughanalysisofthecontextandadaptationbasedonfindingsfromthebaselinestudy.Theprojectbroughtallcommunitymemberstogethertosolvetheirproblemspeacefully,resultinginincreasedsocialcohesionandcollaborationamidgovernance,security,economic,political,andsocialcrises.Inaddition,theprojectbuiltstrongfoundationsfornon-violentconflictresolutionculturewithinthecommunityatatimewhenpeoplearesufferingfromviolenceandtheabsenceofpeacefuldialogues.Importantly,youthhavebeensignificantlyaffectedbyalltheseissuesandhencetheirplacementattheheartofthisprojectwashighlyrelevant.ThecollectedprojectdataindicatedthatallprojectactivitiessuchasInsiderMediators’training,conflictscans,communitydialoguemeetings,community-basedinitiatives,andregionalclosuremeetings,weresufficientlyrelatedtothelocalcommunities’needs.Inparticular,youth(youngwomenandmen)indicatedthattheprojecttrainingandotheractivitieswereveryusefultothem.Participantsreported 1OnAugust10,2019,theseparatistSouthernTransitionalCouncil(STC)seizedgovernmentmilitarycampsandthepresidentialpalaceinAdenafterthekillingofacommanderoftheUAE-backedsouthernseparatists,Brig.Gen.Muniral-Yafei.Sincethat,armedclasheshavebrokenoutinmostofthesoutherngovernoratesbetweentheSTCandYemen'sinternationallyrecognizedgovernment,whichistryingtorecapturethetemporarycapital,Aden.


7


thatitbuilttheircapacitiesinconflicttransformationandsocialcohesion,aswellasincreasedtheirsenseofresponsibility.

Finally,therewasajointagreementamongallstakeholdersthroughtheconductedFGDs,keyinformativeinterviews(KIIs),andsurveysthatthedeliveredcommunity-basedinitiativesadequatelyreflectedtheirneedsandconcerns,asidentifiedduringthecommunitydialogues.Someexpressedtheirdissatisfactionthat not all community initiatives were implemented, however believed that those which wereimplementedprovidedsharedsolutionstotheeverydayproblems.

Effectiveness:Theevaluationresultsfoundthisprojecttobeveryeffective.InsiderMediators(youngwomenandmen),indicatedduringFGDsthat theprojecthelpedthemtogainmoreconfidenceandpresencewithin thesociety.Thetargetedsocietiesdevelopedwillingnesstobringadversariestogetherandtransformconflictwithout violence. Insider Mediators have become more visible in their communities. In all targeteddistricts,98%oftherespondentsfromalltargeteddistrictsstatedthattheyouthmanagedthecommunitydialogues skillfully and have acquired the necessary skills to facilitate dialogue around conflict andpotentialforpeacebuildingaswellasdealappropriatelywithcommunityproblemsandrelatedissues.Also,duringtheproject,thecommunitiesbecamefamiliarwithnon-violentwaysofresolvingconflicts,collaboration,andrespectbetweencommunitymembers.

Intotal,96%ofsurveyrespondentsindicatedthatthecommunitydialoguesandotherprojectactivitiesstrengthened the relationshipbetweenyouth leaders andelders aswell as reduced thegapbetweenthem.ThiswasconfirmedthroughfindingsfromthefocusgroupdiscussionswithInsiderMediatorsandkeyinformativeinterviewswithcommunityleadersandlocalauthorities.

According to thedata collected anddesk review, theproject successfully enhanced the roleof youthleaders in transforming conflicts in their communities without violence. Indeed, the project hasstrengthenedthecapacitiesofyouthleadersinconflictanalysisandtransformation,anditenhancedthecollaboration between youth leaders and elders across dividing lines. This success, however, waschallengedbythedelayinthedeliveryofcommunityinitiatives,accordingtotheInsiderMediators.Thetemporary halt and implementation of fewer community interventions than planned negativelyinfluencedthetrustthathadbeenbuiltbetweenyouthleadersandthetargetsocietiesasawhole.

EfficiencyTheevaluationshowedthattheprojectwasefficientlymanagedastherewerestructures,systems,andprocesses in place for efficientmanagement of the project, partnershipmanagement, and structuraldecisionmaking.Threemembers ineachpartnerCivilSocietyOrganization(CSO)wereresponsibleforcoordination,finances,logistics,andprojectmanagementineachdistrict.TheyreceivedsupportthroughorientationsessionsandcontinuancesupervisionfromSearchthroughadedicatedprojectmanagementteam comprising of a Project Manager, a Project Coordinator for southern governorates, ProjectCoordinatorfornortherngovernorates,andaProjectFinanceOfficer.TheprojectteamalsodevelopedM&E tools tomeasure the impactandqualityof theyouthcapacitybuilding training;dialoguedesigntraining;communitydialoguesessions;andtheregionallevelmeetings.TheSearchteamalsodevelopedpre-andpost-testsandqualitative&quantitativeassessmentsurveys.


8


Inspiteofthis,theprojectexperiencedfinancialchallengeswhichwasbeyondthecontrolofSearchstaff.Namely,aftertheunfreezingoftheprojectin2017,theeconomiccollapseinYemenandcontinuousrisingprices were not anticipated. Therefore, despite the well-defined financial management system, thebudgetallocatedtoconduct24communityinterventionswasnotenough;Searchwasabletodeliveronly10of24community initiatives.Furthermore, therewasadelay in installment transactionsdue to thefinancialsituationandshortageofcashinbanks,whichresultedinthesuspensionofimplementationoftheselectedcommunityinitiatives.

Lastly,somelocalCSOpartners indicatedthattheyspentmoretimeworkingontheprojectthantheirtime budgeted in the project paid. Throughout the assessment, there was no indication of reportdisagreementoverissuesrelatedtotheprojectandfinancialmanagement.

In general, the project demonstrated value formoney and time, considering the number of activitiesimplementedwithinaspaceof20monthsinacomplexandvolatileimplementationcontext.Insimilarprojectcontextsofthismagnitude,quality,anddelivery,theprojectcouldhavecostmoreinmonetarytermsandtimethanwhatwasprovided.

SustainabilityThere is strong evidence that the project has produced sustainable outcomes, both in terms of thechanges itdeliveredat the individual levelandat thecommunity level.Mostof the InsiderMediatorsgainednewskills in conflict transformation,and theydemonstratedapplicationof these skills in theireverydaylives.Also,thenewsocialpositiontheyacquiredforbeingcommunityInsiderMediatorsgavethemmore respect and acceptance among community leaders and local authorities. These skills andpracticeshavebecomeembeddedwithin theyouth IMs, for instance, theyouth leaders inAl-Ma’aferdistrictcontinuedtosolveconflictwithoutviolenceevenaftertheprojecthadendedwhenfacedwithaland conflict between two brothers. In another example, youth leaders in Al-Sheikh Othman districtcollectedmoneyfromtraderstomakeatemporarywall (ironnet)tosolveaconflictwhentheSearchteamwasdelayedinimplementingacemeterywallinitiative.

Inaddition,theprojectstrengthenedmechanismsforthecommunitytoidentifyandresolvegrievances.Forinstance,asocialleaderwhoattendedcommunitydialoguesfollowedthesamemethodofconflictresolution to mitigate an identified conflict. This indicates that people in the targeted districts willcontinuetousetheskillstheyacquireddirectlyorindirectlyduringtheprojectactivities,aftertheprojectclose.

The InsiderMediatorsdid,however,providerecommendationsforhowprojectsustainabilitycouldbestrengthened.Onesuggestionwasenhancedcollaborationwiththelocalauthoritiesandencouragetheirmore comprehensive participation in strengthening community-level social cohesion, alongsidecommunity leaders. Also, Insider Mediators could more proactively seek funding opportunities andavailable resources which could be leveraged to to continue to transform and resolve conflicts.Furthermore,Searchshouldfollowupactivitiesbyholdingperiodiccommunitymeetingswhichinvitesallmembersandfacetsofthecommunitystructure.Finally,Searchcouldinitiateaforumtogatheryouth,communityleaders,andlocalauthoritiestofamiliarizeandsensitizethecommunitytotheimportanceofthecommunitydialoguesessions.


9


Impact:In general, the evaluation found the project to be impactful for young women and men. Projectparticipantsgainedskillsinconflictanalysisandconflicttransformation,whichtheycanutilizeinsolvingtheir communities’ problemsorworkingwith other projects in the future.Moreover, the communitydialogueswere found tobean innovativemechanism that strengthened theproject's impact throughconveningmultiplelevelsofsociety.Inparticular,theprojecthashadanimpactonwomen’sparticipationin peacebuilding. This, in turn, has had an effect on the wider society’s acceptance of women aspeacebuilders-whichisexpectedtocontinuetodevelopsolongasactivitiessuchasthoseinthisprojectcontinuetobeimplemented.Nevertheless,itisimportanttonotethattheopinionsregardingtheprojectimpactdiddifferfromonedistricttoanother.Thiscanmainlybeattributedtotheincompleteandinconsistentimplementationofcommunity initiatives,whichwere fewer than agreed. For instance, in Toor Al-Baha, conflicts amongHeteenschools’studentsdecreasedduetothecommunity-basedinitiativewhichprovidedchairstotheschool, as agreed. However, in Al-Sheikh Othman district, the impact of the community-basedinterventionwasnotasexpectedsinceonly50solarlightswereprovidedinlieuoftheanticipated123.


10


2. BackgroundInformation

2.1. IntroductionSince2015,Yemenhasbeeninthemidstofacomplexarmedconflictthathashadamajor impactoncivilians,resultinginseverestructuraldamage,widespreadhungerandmalnutrition,outbreaksofcholeraandotherpreventablediseasesandsevereeconomicdecline.Duringnearlyfouryearsofconflict,overthreemillionpeoplehavebeendisplaced.24million,nearly80%,ofthepopulationofYemenareinneedofhumanitarianorprotectionassistance2.

Search for Common Ground has identified several pressing needs across Yemeni communities, mostnotablyaneedforinterventionswhosepurposeistostrengthensocialcohesionandincreasethelevelofcommunityengagementinconflictresolutionanddevelopmentactivities.ThroughCommunityDialogueApproach(CDA),communitiesandlocalcivilsocietyworkwithlocalgovernanceactorstoidentifylocalconflictdynamicsandleadpeacebuildinginitiativesthatresolvethese.

Theproject“‘AfutureCalledPeace:’StrengtheningYemeniYouthLeadershipforConflictTransformation”wasfundedbyUSAIDandimplementedbySearchforCommonGround(Search)inpartnershipwithfourlocal CSOorganizations; SOSCentre ForDeveloping YouthCapacities inAden,Al-WedAssociation forDevelopment in Taiz, thePulseOrganization forDevelopmentandPeace inAl-Maqatirah in Lahj, andWomenCentreforStudiesandTrainingsinToorAl-BahainLahj.Thiswasa20-monthproject(December01,2017toJuly30,2019).Ithasbeendoneinfourdistrictsinthreegovernorates:1)Al-SheikhOthmandistrictinAden;2)Al-Ma’aferdistrictinTaizand3)Al-MaqaterahandToorAl-BahadistrictsinLahj.

Search for Common Ground’s (Search) CMM-funded project “‘A future Called Peace:’ StrengtheningYemeniYouthLeadershipforConflictTransformation”wasaffectedbyUSAID’sfullsuspensionofnon-humanitarian funding,effective June1,2015,due to theoutbreakof the conflictbut theprojectwasresumedinNovember2017tore-engageYemeniyouthleadersinfourgovernorates:Sana’a,Aden,Lahj,andIbb.Search-YemenstaffexperiencedaseriesofdelaysandsetbacksinlaunchingtheprojectduetothesecurityinstabilityandthedifficultyincoordinationwithbothMinistriesofPlanningandInternationalCooperation(MoPIC) intheNorthandtheSouth.Therefore,Search-Yemenstafftargetedanothertwodistrictswhich are located outside of theMoPIC-Sana’a sphere. The new two districts areAl-Ma’aferdistrictinTaizandToorAl-BahadistrictinLahj.

Withineachgovernorate,Searchhaschosentotargetamixofurban,semi-urban,andruralsettingsthatwould increase the skills andcapacitiesofdiverseyouth in theNorthandSouthand strengthen theirrelationshipswithkeystakeholdersatalocalandnationallevel.Theinclusionoffewergovernoratesthanoriginallyplannedpriortoprogramsuspensionenabledswiftimplementationandaconcertedfocusondeliveringimpact-drivenresults.Theinclusionofdiversecontextualenvironments,suchasrural,semi-urban,andurban,allowedtheprogramtoengagenotonlywithyoung,politically-engagedpeacebuildersinurbancentersbutalsowithsecond-tierleaders,suchassonsanddaughtersofsheikhsandgovernment

2OCHA.(2018).2019HumanitarianNeedsOverview.Retrievedfromfile:///C:/Users/youmna/Desktop/refernces%20for%20UNESCO%20%20report/references%20for%20the%20final%20draft%20uniesco/2019_Yemen_HNO_FINAL.pdf


11


officialsinmoreruralsettings.Thismixallowedforabroaderexchangeofexperiencesandperspectivesfromparticipants.

2.2. ProjectOverviewTheoverallgoalofthisprojectwastoenhanceyouthleaders’role(ages20to35)totransformconflictwithout violence. In order to achieve that goal, the project has two specific objectives and resultingoutcomes:

● Objective 1: Youth leaders’ capacity in conflict analysis and conflict transformation isstrengthened.

o Outcome1.1:Youthleadersineachofthetargetgovernoratesareequippedtoanalyzeconflictdynamics,conflicttriggers,andidentifyopportunitiestotransformconflict.

o Outcome1.2:Youthleadersinthetargetgovernoratesimplementsuccessfulinitiativestorespondcollaborativelytoconflict.

● Objective2:Collaborationamongyouthleadersandbetweenyouthandeldersacrossdividinglinesisstrengthened.

o Outcome2.1:Healthyrelationshipsamongstyouthparticipantsandbetweenyouthandeldersarecreatedacrossdividinglinesandwithstakeholdersatalocalandnationallevel.

o Outcome2.2:Lessonslearnedonyouth-ledpeacebuildingeffortsaresharedacrossthesedividinglinesandwithstakeholdersatalocalandgovernoratelevel.

TheoryofChangeTheAFutureCalledPeaceprojectwasbasedontwocomplementarytheoriesofchangewhichunderpinthe overall project theory of change: If emerging youth leaders’ capacities are strengthened andnetworked,thencollaborativeactiontomitigateconflictswillresult.ThesetwocomplementarytheorieslinkedtotheconflictdynamicsinYemen:

1. TheInside-Outtheoryofchange,specificallythecommoncomplexidentitiestheory.Thisstatesthatifkeyactorsand/orabodyofindividualsonallsidesoftheconflictdiscoversharedvaluesandmultifacetedcomplexidentities,includingconstructivein-groupself-esteem,theninclusivebroader"valueidentities"thatunitegroupswillform.

Thistheoryofchangeispertinentforthisprojectbecauseitreflectsthedegreetowhichnationalidentitiesareunderminedbypressuretoidentifymorestronglywithatribe,clan,religion,caste,region,orculturalbackground.Thisprojectseekstoenableyouth leadersto findvalue indiversity, recognizingcommoninterestsdespitetheirdifferences,firstlywithintheirgovernorateandthenwithyouthleadersfromothergovernorates with contrasting identity profiles. This change will thus support constructive conflictengagementandstrengthenresiliencetonegativemanipulationandviolentactionbyone'sowngroup.

2. The Healthy Relationships theory of change, specifically the community-based peacebuildingtheory.This states that ifbelligerentgroupswithina communityaregiven theopportunity tointeract,thentheywillbetterunderstandandappreciateoneanotherandwillprefertoresolveconflictspeacefully.

Thistheoryofchangefocusesonthestrengthoftherelationshipsbetweentheyouthleaders,butalsobetweenyouthandanoldergenerationofleaders,elders,andgovernmentofficials.Thisproposedprojectseeks to transform intra- and inter-generational relationships from one of mistrust, prejudice, and


12


adversarialapproachestowardonerootedincommoninterests.Asthehealthoftherelationshipbetweenthesegroupsimproves,thelikelihoodofviolencebetweenthemdeclines.

Theseabove-mentionedoutcomeswereachievedbythefollowingactivities:

1. LocalPartnersPartnerships:Prior toactivity implementation,Searchpartneredwithone localCSOperdistrict.Theprojectpartnerassistedintheidentificationofyouthparticipantsandhelpedfacilitateactivityimplementation.

2. IdentifyYouthLeaders:AcollaborativemappingexercisedbetweenSearchanditslocalpartnersineachdistricttoidentify20ormoreyouthleaders.SearchandlocalpartnersheldFGDsandKIIswithvariousstakeholderstoidentifyexistingyouthstructures,includingpolitical,tribal,religious,secular,sports-based,orprofessionalassociations.

3. Youth Capacity Building Training: One four-day training per district was held to build youthparticipants’ capacity in three modules: conflict resolution, conflict analysis, mediation andfacilitationtechniques.

4. Youth-led Conflict Scans: Trained youth-led conflict scans within their local communities toidentify local-level conflicts affecting youth, highlight push/pull conflict drivers, notepotentialavenuesofmitigationandresolution,andidentifyacademicresourcesforpeace,includinghumanresources, social capital, resolution mechanisms, etc. Conflict scans utilized Search’s existingconflictscantool.

5. Youth Peacebuilding Dialogue Design Training: Youth attended a four-day capacity buildingworkshoptodevelopdialogueproposalsaimedataddressingconflictsidentifiedintheconflictscans. Search and local CSOpartners oversaw thedialoguedesignproposal development andensured each was sustainable, locally-owned, built around a clear goal and objectives, andidentifieskeybeneficiaries.

6. Youth-led Dialogue Processes: Submitted dialogue proposals were evaluated by Search andpartnerCSOsbasedoncriteriadevelopedbySearch.SelecteddialogueproposalsfundedthroughSearch, after ensuring of sustainability, gender-inclusivity, relevance, local ownership, andinclusion.Youthfacilitatedaseriesoflocalstakeholderdialogueprocessestodiscusstheiryouth-relatedissuesanddeveloppotentialsolutionstotheircommonproblems.

7. Community-based Initiatives:Basedonthe issues identified intheconflictscansanddialogueconclusions,youthleadersdevelopedproposalsforcommunity-basedinitiatives,designedwithparticipationby the targetedcommunity, localauthorities,and traditional leaders togeneratebuy-in.

8. Regional-levelMeetings:Tworegional-levelmeetingswereheldattheendoftheproject;oneconveningyouthrepresentativesfromAl-Ma’aferandAl-Maqatirah(TaizandLahjgovernorates)and the other for youth representatives Al-Sheikh Othman and Toor Al-Baha (Aden and Lahjgovernorates).Themeetingsbroughttogetheryouthleadersfromthetargetedgovernoratestonetwork,shareexperiences,andexchangelessonslearned,includingpresentationsontheyouthimplementedprojects.

Inadditiontotheactivitiesmentionedabove,SearchconductedabaselinestudyinJuly2018aimedtotesttheproject’sunderlyingassumptionsonyouthengagementinpeace-buildingbycollectingyouthandcommunitymembers’perceptions.InApril2019,Searchconductedamid-termevaluationtooutlinethe


13


resultsoftheproject,showcaselessonslearnedthusfar,andprovidereflectionsandrecommendationsfortheupcomingfinalprojectperiod.

3. Methodology

3.1. StudyDesignTheevaluationemployedbothquantitativeandqualitativeparticipatorymethods.Bothquantitativeandqualitative data were analyzed with gender, age, and location disaggregation. To ensure reasonablegender representation, at least 30% of the sample sizewaswomen. The qualitative and quantitativefindingsweresynthesizedfollowingtheprojectindicators.Furthermore,theevaluationwasguidedbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment-DevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(OECD-DAC) criteria for evaluating conflict prevention and peacebuilding programming namely: (Relevance,Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, and Sustainability), and was structured along with the evaluationquestionsspecifiedintermsofreference(ToR).DatacollectiontookplacebetweenJuly1toAugust19,2019.Theevaluationfieldworkwascarriedontworoundsduetotheabsenceoffullbeneficiaries’dataandsecurityconcerns,especially inAden.The first roundfromJuly1 to July15,2019andthesecondroundwasbetweenJuly29toAugust19,2019.

3.2. ObjectivesThefinalevaluationobjectivesfocusedonthefollowing:

1. Evaluatetheproject'sperformanceintermsofachievingitsobjectivesandexpectedresults;2. Evaluatetheimplementationofthemainactivitiesoftheproject;3. Evaluateproceduresandprocessesforsettinguptheprojectasdescribedintheprojectproposal;4. Evaluatechangesassignedtotheprojectandlessonslearned;5. Document lessons learned and provide practical recommendations for better design and

implementation,aswellasrecommendationsontheidentificationoffuturepriorityareas;and6. Identifythedifficultiesencounteredduringtherealizationoftheproject.

3.3. EvaluationCriteriaandKeyEvaluationQuestionsThe evaluation is based on theOECD-DAC peacebuilding Evaluation Criteria (relevance, effectiveness,impact,efficiency,andsustainability).Inparticular,thestudyaimedtogatherrelevantdatainordertoshedlightonthefollowingquestions:Relevance:

● Towhatextentdidthisprojectrespondtothetargetedcommunityneedsandexistingissues?● Whatistherelevanceoftheinterventionsasperceivedbybeneficiariesandstakeholders?● How relevant were the instruments (Insider Mediators’ training, conflict scans, community

dialoguemeetings, and community initiatives) dedicated during the project to transform theconflictorthedriversoftheconflict?

Effectiveness:● Towhatextentwastheprojectsuccessfulinachievingitsstatedgoal?● Towhatextentwastheprojectsuccessfulinachievingitsstatedobjectives?:1)Youthleaders’

capacity in conflict analysis and conflict transformation is strengthened, and 2) Collaborationamongyouthleadersandbetweenyouthandeldersacrossdividinglinesisstrengthened.

● TowhatextentwastheprojecteffectiveinprovidingInsiderMediators’trainingwiththeskillsandcapacitiesneededtoenhanceyouths’engagementtotransformconflictwithoutviolence?


14


● To what extent did the various project activities contribute to the achievement of projectobjectives?

● Whatwerethemajorfactorsinfluencingtheachievementornon-achievementoftheobjectives?● Whatwerethemajorprojectresultsandlessonslearned?

Efficiency:● Doestheprojectdeliveritsoutputsandobjectivesinanefficientmanner(resultsagainstcosts)?● Wereactivitiescost-efficient(resourcesappliedresults)?

Sustainability:● TowhatextentaretheobjectivelyverifiableresultssustainablebeyondSearchorUSAIDsupport,

disaggregatedbygender,age,andlocation?● Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlysotheprojectbecomesmoresustainableinthefuture?● Havenewmechanismsbeendesignedtocontinueanyworkinitiatedbythisproject?Ifyes,will

theinitiativessustainpost-project?Impact:

● Whatarethebroaderchanges,positiveornegative,intendedorunintended,oftheinterventionsinthecontext?Towhatextentarethesechangesdesirable?

● What changes can be ascertained in attitudes, behaviors, and relationships as a result of thecommunitydialoguesessionsandmediationactivities?

● Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlytomaketheprojectbeofhigherquality,greaterimpact?Thiswill include lessons learned,projectmanagementand implementation, andworkingwithyouthwithinlocalcommunities.

● Captureand/orincorporatesuccessstories,whenapplicable–thathavebeenthemostsignificantchanges as a result of theproject interventions. In addition to the above linesof inquiry, theevaluationisexpectedtoprovideinformationagainstthekeyindicatorsaslistedintheprojectlogframe.

3.4. ScopeThefieldworkofthisfinalevaluationtookplaceinfourdistrictsofthreegovernoratesandsurveyswerecollected from the sub-districts where the community-based interventions have partially or entirelydelivered,asisshowninthefollowingtable:

Governorate

District Sub-district Delivered Community-basedinitiative

Aden Al-SheikhOthman AL-Mahareeq Installed street lights andpurchased solar powerappliances to supply electricityforstreetlights.

Taiz Al-Ma’afer Al-Sawa FurnishedandequippedtheCivilStatusDepartment.

Al-Anbooh RehabilitatedtheTrainingCentrein26Septemberschool.

Al-Shaoba Furnished and Equipped Al-HiabAcademicInstitute.

Lahj Al-Maqatirah Al-Sawaleha,Al-Gerbavillage

ConstructedaprotectivefenceonAl-Gerbadam.


15


Al-Sawaleha,Al-HamraandAl-Barhvillages

Fixed leaking holes in Al-Barhdam.

Al-Anboah,Al-Raboaa, Al-Heda, andMahdadvillages

Fixedtheoldwaterpumpengine.

ToorAl-Baha Al-Gareek Purchased chairs for HiteensecondarySchool.

Al-Zakak FurnishedandequippedthelocalHealthUnit.

3.5. SamplingMethodTwosamplingmethodswereused,apurposivesampleandarandomsample.Thepurposivesamplewasusedtoidentifyandinterviewthekeyinformantsofthisfinalevaluation.Therandomsamplingwasusedforthesurveywithlocalcommunitymembers.Thefinalevaluationtargetgroupswereasfollows:

3.6. DataCollectionToolsandSampleSizeDatum’steamdevelopedthefinalevaluationtools,asledbytheteamleader.ThetoolsweresharedwithSearchforreviewandfeedback.UponreceivingtheapprovalfromSearch,thetoolsweredispatchedtothe field team and used to facilitate data collection. Data for the evaluationwas collected using thefollowingtools:

Deskstudy

All relateddocumentsoftheprojectwerereviewedandanalyzed, includingbutnot limitedtoprojectproposalandimplementationplans,projectprogressreports,monitoringandevaluationreports,preand

Stakeholders Tool Planned Achieved Location

LocalCSOpartner KII 4 4 Evaluationlocation

Communityleaders KII 4 4 Evaluationlocation

Localauthorities KII 4 3 Evaluationlocation

Searchprojectstaff KII 1 1 Sana’a

InsiderMediator FGD 4 4 Evaluationlocation

LocalCommunitymembersanddialoguesparticipants

Survey 180 206 Evaluationlocation


16


post-training tests, and training reports. The desk review aided in verifying the progress of activitiesagainsttheprojectplanandlogframe.

FocusGroupDiscussions(FGDs)Atotalof4FGDswereconducted(oneineachdistrict)thatincluded40InsiderMediators.OfthetotalFGDsparticipants,17werewomen(42.5%).FGDshelpedinconsolidationthedatacollectedfromboththesurveysandKIIs.

In-DepthKeyInformantInterviews(KIIs)Atotalofelevenoutofananticipatedtwelvein-depthKeyInformantInterviews(KIIs)wereconductedwithcommunityleaders,localCSOpartners,localauthorities,andSearchstaff.DuetotherecentarmedclashesinAden,DatumteamcouldnothaveaninterviewwiththelocalauthorityinAl-SheikhOthmandistrict. KIIswere used as a qualitative tool to gathermore in-depth information about the project’seffectiveness,efficiency,impact,andsustainability.TheKIIshelpedinobtainingdetailedinformationfromthemost relevantpersonsconcerningdifferent issues, challenges, success stories,and thebenefitsofsuchinterventions.Additionally,theKIIshelpedinexploringthemainchangesthattargetedcommunitiesandCSOsfacedinadoptingthedialogueapproach.Thelistofinformantswaspre-agreedwithSearchandisdetailedbelow:TargetGroups Taiz Aden Lahj Total

Al-Ma’afer Al-SheikhOthman

Al-Maqatirah ToorAl-Baha

LocalPartner 1 1 1 1 4LocalAuthorities 1 0* 1 1 3CommunityLeaders

1 1 1 1 4

Total 11*OneinterviewwasplannedwiththelocalauthoritiesinAl-SheikhOthmanhoweverwasnotconducted

duetoinsecurityinAden.

Questionnaire(StructuredSurvey)Finally,atotalof206respondentscompletedthesurvey.Ofthetotalsurveyrespondents,72werewomen(35%). Inthebeginning, itwasagreedtoconduct180surveys,45ineachdistrict. Inthefirst instance,manyoftherespondentsprovidednegativefeedbackbecauseSearchhasnotyetdeliveredcommunity-basedinitiativesorhavedeliveredafewofthem.Datumteampostponedthesurveysinceitbecameclearthattheevaluationwouldbebiasedasaresultofthetimingofthesurvey,whichdidnotcapturethefullextent of project implementation. Subsequently, the Datum team contacted the local communitymemberswherethecommunity-basedinterventionshadbeenimplemented.TheDatumteamsurveyedrecipientsviaphone,howevermanyphonenumbersoflocalcommunitymemberswhoparticipatedinthe community dialogueswere unavailable or incorrect. Thus, theDatum teameventually visited thetargetedareatomeetbeneficiariesandfillinthesurvey.Thesurveywasconductedtogatherquantitativedata from localcommunitymembers tomeasuretherelevanceandeffectivenessof theactivitiesandinterventions.Also,thesurveymeasuredthelevelofsatisfactionamongthecommunitymembersontheprojectactivitiesandinterventions.Thesampleofsurveyrespondentsisillustratedbelow:


17


3.7. DataAnalysisTheanalysisof thequantitativesurveyswasconductedusingMicrosoftExcelpivot tables,andfor thequalitativedata,acodingmethodwasemployedtocategorizethedatainawaytoextractthesupportiveinformationaswellasquotations.

Forthisevaluation,allprecautionshavebeentakentoensuredataquality.First,thetoolsweretranslatedintoArabicandtheenumeratorsweretrainedbeforeconductingthesurveys.TheenumeratorswerealsotrainedinmoderationtechniquesforFGDsandKIIs,aswellasinnotetaking.Finally,thecollecteddatawas analyzed and reviewed in order to identify errors and oversights. A debriefing meeting of 5-10minuteswasheldeverydaytoshareinformationonabnormalities.

3.8. LimitationsThisparticularevaluationhasencounteredanumberofchallenges:

● Somecommunity-basedinterventionshavebeenimplementedorwereongoingafterthestartofthefinalevaluation.Therefore,thedatacollectingprocesswasbroughttoatemporaryhaltuntilSearchfinishingimplementingtheselectedcommunity-basedinterventions.Thischallengewascircumventedbyrepeateddatacollectionafterthecompletionofcommunity-basedinitiatives.

● SomeofthelocalpartnerorganizationswerelatetosubmitactivityreportstotheSearchteam,so there was a delay in providing the participants’ contact information to Datum team, inparticularinAl-SheikhOthmandistrict.

● DuetotherecentunrestandsporadicarmedclashesinAden,Datumteamcouldnotconductthekeyinformantinterviewwiththelocalauthority.

● Many local community members in Al-Sheikh Othman district refused or were reluctant torespond to the surveybecause theywerebusywithEidAl-Adhapreparations,ordue to theirsecurityconcernsaftertherecentpolitical-militarychaosinAden.

● Localpartnerorganizationsdidnotdealprofessionallywithattendancesheetsaswellastraditionsthatconstrainwomenfromsharingtheirphonenumbers,somostofthephonenumbersofthelocalcommunitymembersincludingwomenwhoparticipatedinthecommunitydialogueswereincomplete,wrong,orrepeated.

● Poormobilenetworkcoverageinthesouthernareashasmadeitdifficulttoreachbeneficiaries.

Governorate Districts SampleSize SampleSize Total SampleSize

Women Men

Taiz Al-Ma’afer 33 46 79

Aden Al-SheikhOthman

11 23 34

Lahj ToorAl-Baha 14 31 45

Al-Maqatirah 14 34 48

TotalInterviews 206


18


4. Findings

Thissectiondemonstratesthecollectedpointsofviewoftheparticipatingstakeholders (beneficiaries,localauthorities,community leaders,partners,and InsiderMediators)ontherelevance,effectiveness,efficiency,impact,andsustainabilityoftheprojectinthetargeteddistricts.

4.1. RelevanceTherelevanceindicatormeasurestheextenttowhichachievedactivitiesalignwithcommunityneedsaswellastotheprojectgoalandobjectives.Itisworthmentioningthatthecollectedfeedbackdemonstratedanoverallpositivefeedbackabouttherelevanceofconductedactivitiestotheprojectobjectivesaswellastothecommunityneeds.

4.1.1. ParticipationTherewasslightvariationintheparticipationofcommunitymembersbetweenYouth-LedDialogues(YLD)andCommunity-BasedInitiatives(CBI). It isworthmentioningthattheparticipationrateforYLD(98%)wasbiggerthanCBI(70%).ThefemaleparticipationraterotheYLD(35%)washigherthanfortheCBI(26%).Femaleparticipationwashighest intheAl-Ma’aferYLD.Accordingto IMs inAl-Ma’aferDistrict,therewerefiveagreed-uponprojects,althoughSearchimplementedonlythreeofthesenotincludingapendingproject.

Inordertoincreaseparticipation,all localpartnersexpressedtheneedtoincludelocalauthoritiesandsocialfiguresinexchangingexperiencesandinfollow-upandmonitoringoftheinitiatives.Inoneconcreteexample,thelocalpartnerinAl-SheikhOthmanexpressedtheneedtoincludelocaltraders,youth,andotherlocalleaders.

4.1.2. CommunityNeedsThe project’s high relevance came from the alignment of the projectmission and approachwith theYemenicommunitycontext,andtheneedforbuildingyouthandcommunitycapacityforeffectiveconflictresolutionandresiliencewhenaddressingdevelopmentissuesdrivenbyconflict.Thiswasreflectedinthe

Figure Activities Participation Level


19


statementsprovidedbythecommunity leaders inalltargeteddistricts.AccordingtoFaisalAl-Fadhli,acommunityleaderinAlMa’aferreported:

“Theprojectwasveryappropriateforthecommunitycultureandfulfilleditsmission,asitbuiltyouth

capacitiesandskillsidentifiedasripeforinterventionintheconflictscanandanalysis,andthenresolved

identifiedconflictsviadialogue.Inaddition,theprojectcameupwithappropriatesolutionsforthe

developmentissuesthecommunityfaces”

Furthermore; the project brought all community constituencies together, thus strengthening socialcohesionand collaborationwhilebuilding strongbases for anon-violent conflict resolution culture toemergewithinthecommunity.

Onascaleofthree,thesurveyrespondentsstatedthattheinterventionswererelevanttothecommunityneedsas illustrated in (Figure2). It isworthmentioning that the InsiderMediatorsconductedconflictscansinthetargeteddistrictsasawaytoidentifythemostappropriateinterventionsareas,andtoholddialoguesthatcanidentifythemostappropriateinterventionsthatrespondtothecommunityneeds.

Accordingtothesurveyrespondents,theimplementedinterventionswerehighlyrelevanttotheyouth-led dialogue outcomes as it shows in. Nevertheless, there were some negative opinions expressedregardingtherelevanceoftheprojectactivities,inparticularforthecommunityinitiativesinAl-Ma’aferand Al-Maqaterah. However, these concerns centered around the delay in implementing someinterventions as well as not implementing some of the agreed-upon interventions. Also, the studyindicatedalackofcommunicationbetweenthelocalauthoritiesandthelocalcommunity.Searchreliedon the local authorities to inform community members that only a few of the community-basedinterventionswillbeimplementedduetobudgetrestrictions.However,thelocalauthoritiesfailedtorelaythis message comprehensively to all community members. As a result, survey respondents oftennegativelyratedsomeactivities.

Relevent

Irrelevant 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male

Al-Mafeer Al-Maqatirah SheikhOthman ToorAl-Baha

Figure 2: Relevance to Community Needs


20


However,intheFGDheldinAl-SheikhOthman,thereweremultiplecomments(fouroutoften)regardingtheneedformoreawarenessofhowtofosteracultureofdialoguebeforeimplementingsuchprojectsinordertoachievethedesiredgoals.

“Tryingtosolveconflictsbydialogueandimplementinginitiativeswithoutspreading

thecultureofdialoguetosolveconflictswithoutviolencewon’tcoverthecommunity

needsandtheconflictswillcontinuewithdifferentreasons”

ParticipantinAl-SheikhOthmanFGD

It isworth noting that IMs in each of the four targeted districts received training sessions from localpartners in conflict resolution, conducting local conflict scans, designing and managing communitydialogues,implementingcommunityinitiatives,andfacilitatingregionalclosuremeetings.Thesetrainingsessionsprovidedyouthwithvarious skillsneeded for conflict resolution thathelped themgainmoreconfidenceandpresencewithintheircommunitiesandincreasedthesenseofresponsibilityamongyouth.

“Thetrainingenhancedmyself-confidenceandIbecameabletoworkwiththe

communityeffectively.Italsoimprovedmyabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleasa

communityInsiderMediator”

FemaleInsiderMediatorfromToorAl-Baha

However,theInsiderMediatorsfromAl-SheikhOthmanexhibitedsomedissatisfactionthatthetrainingsessionwasinsufficientandthattheyneededmoretimeandpracticetobecomesufficientlycompetenttoperformtheirdutiesintheproject.

“Thetrainingwasn’tenoughtofulfillourneedsasInsiderMediatorsandtobuildour

abilitiesinconflictanalysisandresolution.FewInsiderMediatorswereabletomanage

dialoguesessionsandtherestplayedrolesascoordinators.Inaddition,thepractical

trainingonscantoolsdidn’ttakeenoughtimeandwefaceddifficultiesduringthescan

andreporting.Atthebeginningofthefieldwork,ourreportsweren’tacceptedandwe

weregivensomepractical comments fromtheSOScentercoordinator tohelpus in

performingthescanandinmanagingdialoguesessions.”

InsiderMediatorfromAl-SheikhOthman

Thelocalpartnershaddifferentviewsabouttheactivitiesoftheproject,forinstanceinAl-Ma’aferthelocalpartnerexpressedthattheactivitiesweresufficientbutmoretrainingdayswereneeded.Ontheotherhand,a localpartnerinToorAl-Bahaproposedcreatingawarenesssessionsonresolvingconflictthroughdialogue.Anothersuggestionwastoincluderights-basedlanguageinadditiontodevelopmentalissuesintrainings.

4.2. EfficiencyThisindicatormeasurestheextenttowhichprojectresultshavebeenachievedatareasonablecost(i.e.howinputs/meanshavebeenconvertedintoactivitiesintermsofquality,quantity,time,andthequalityoftheresultsachieved).Thisindicatorisusedtoensurethatthemostefficientprocesshasbeenadopted.Themeasure ofwhether the project results have been achieved at a reasonable cost from the localpartner’s point of view varied. For instance, in Al-Ma’afer District the local partner stated that the


21


identified budget was insufficient due to the large number of conflicts and problems within thecommunity.Moreover,theInsiderMediatorswerefarfromtheareasinwhichtheyoperated,leadingtotheir allocated expenses being barely enough to cover their transportation costs. Regarding the timededicatedtotheactivities.Inaddition,thelocalpartnerinAl-Ma’aferreportedthattherewasinsufficienttimededicatedtoactivitiesandprojectimplementation.Forexample,thetimededicatedfortrainingwasonlysufficienttoperformtheoreticaltrainingsessions.InAl-Maqaterah,thelocalpartnernotedthatthebudgetwasinsufficientgiventheremotelocations,significanttravel,andfortheneededprojectsupport(suchasprintingmaterialsandadditionalstafftime).

In Toor Al-Baha, the local partner stated that the budget dedicated for training was sufficient butexpresseddissatisfactionregardingthebudgetdedicatedfortheworkteam,giventheeffortandtimethey exerted. Furthermore, transportation allowance was not allocated for the consultant andcoordinator,resultinginthelocalpartnerusingtheirownbusfortransportationneeds.Lastly,thepartnerstatedsaidthattherewasinsufficienttimetocompletetheirtasks.

AccordingtothelocalpartnerinAl-SheikhOthmandistrict,theallocatedbudgetfortheproject’sactivitieswassuitable,exceptforcommunity-basedinterventionswhichrequiredalargerbudgetduetotheirlargerscope.Thelocalpartnerwassatisfiedwiththeprojectdurationandimplementationplan.

The evaluation team interviewed the Search project teammembers to inquire about the reasons forfluctuatingefficiencyinthedeliveryofprojectactivities,andreceivedthefollowingresponses:

● Searchre-announcedsomeofthetendersduetounrealisticquotesreceived,causingdelaysininterventionimplementation.

● Therewasdifficulty inobtainingpermits fromtheSana’aauthoritiesto implementtheprojectthatledtotheexclusionofSana’aandIbbGovernoratesintheproject.

● Search’s teamwasunable to implementCommunity interventionsall atoncedue to financialissueswiththebank(lackofavailablecurrency),whichresultedinsufficientfundstocoordinatesimultaneousimplementation.

● Problemsoccurredwithsomedistrictscoordinatorswhoslowedtheimplementationofactivities,suchasthoseinAl-MaqaterahinLahjGovernorate.

● Theprojectstartedin2015,andevenafterupdatingbudgetslater,inflationcontinuedtoaffectpricingofmaterials,fuel,andbasiccommodities.Duetothis,theallocatedbudgetwasinsufficientandnotflexibleenoughtoadjusttotherealitiesofimplementation.

● TheSearchteamimplementedninecommunityinterventionsthatprovidedthemostbenefitsforamajorityofyoungpeople,orthatserveamajorityofpeopleinthecommunities,withinbudgetlimitations.


22


4.3. EffectivenessThissectionintendstoassessthecontributionmadebyresultstotheachievementoftheprojectpurpose,andhowassumptionsaffectedprojectachievements.Thisincludesaspecificassessmentofthebenefitsaccruingtotargetgroups,includingwomenandmenandidentifiedvulnerablegroupssuchaschildren,theelderlyanddisabled

4.3.1. Youth-ledDialoguesTheyouth-leddialogueswereveryeffective inmanyaspectsas they foundproper solutions for long-standingcommunityissues,spreadthecultureofnon-violenceconflictresolutionsthroughdialogueandincreased collaboration and respect between communitymembers. These gains were common in alltargeteddistricts.AccordingtoAnwarAbbas–LocalCouncilMemberfromAl-Maqaterah:

“Theyouth-leddialoguesweregreatastheyidentifiedtheproblemsthatthecommunityissuffering

fromandwantsasolutionforthem,inaddition,thedialoguesfoundpropersolutionsandsuggestionfor

them,moreover,thedialoguesincreasedcollaborationandcoordinationbetweentheyouthasInsider

Mediatorsandthecommunityleadersandthesocietyingeneral”

As shown in Figure 3 above, the respondents agreed for a good extent of the effectiveness of theconducted interventions. Importantly theproject increased theabilityof the targetedcommunities tosolveconflictswithoutviolenceasitwasdifficulttobringtheconflictpartiestogetherononetablefordialogueandreachacommongroundforsolutions.Nowthecommunityexperiencedthenon-violentwayofresolvingconflictsandtheyouthacquiredthedesiredskillstodoso.

“Theconflictscanandthedialoguesessionswithallcommunitymembersandconflictparties’

participationhelpedinidentifyandsolvethecomplaintsandthegrievances

presentedtothelocalauthoritieswhichcouldn’tsolvebecauseofthesecurityandthe

economicsituation”

InsiderMediatorfromAl-ShiekhOthman

Effective

NotEffective 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0



Figure 1 Youth-led Dialogue Effectiveness in Dealing with Community Issues


23


4.3.2. RelationshipAmongCommunityDividingLinesTheprojecthashighly increased thecollaborationamongcommunitymembersasaround98%of thesurvey respondents, as shown in Figure 4 below, expressed the effectiveness of project activities inincreasingthecollaborationamongcommunitydivinglines.

Thispositiveresulthighlightstheeffectivenessoftheprojectwasdespitetheinabilitytoimplementallinterventions.Communityrespondentsclearlyappreciatedthecultureofdialogueandawareness-raisingofnon-violence that thisproject forwarded. Inaddition, theprojectbridged thegap thatwaspresentbetween youth and elders. The InsiderMediators clearly expressed how effective the projectwas inreachingacrosstheyouth-elderdividewithintheircommunities,specificallyacommunicationgapthatwasfeltstronglybyparticipants.AsshowninFigure5below,accordingto96%ofrespondents,cross-generational relationshipshadbeenstrengthenedasa resultof theproject.Moreover, themanner inwhich youth mediators used their accrued skills and navigated the leadership space provided themdemonstratestheirpotentialtoeffectchangeandpositivelyinfluencetheircommunities.

IncreasedCollaboration

NoEffects 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0



Figure 2 Project Increased Collaboration Within Community

Strengthened

Notstrengthened 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0



Youth-ledDialogueProcesses(Scale) Community-basedInitiatives(Scale)


24


However, some results from the evaluation pose a risk to the impact of the overall project. InsiderMediatorsstatedthatthedelayandsuspensionofsomeinitiativesstrainedthetrustthathadbeenbuiltbetweenthemandtheentirecommunity,andnotonlyelders.Furthermore,inAl-ShiekhOthmanInsiderMediators reported thatSearch implemented initiatives in coordinationwith local authoritieswithoutappropriatelyacknowledgingtheirroleasyouthleaders.ThismayhavebeenduetothemoresensitivecoordinationeffortswiththeDistrictDirector,wholaterresigned.

The consequences of not implementing all of the community-based initiatives is also reflected in thesurvey results, as 39% of the total respondents stated that the community-based initiatives didn’tstrengthen the relationship with youth leaders. Digging deeper, 13%, 29%, 35% and 35% of therespondentsinAl-Ma’afer,Al-Maqaterah,Al-SheikhOthman,andToorAl-Baha-respectively-statedthatthe community-based initiatives somewhat strengthened the relationship with youth leaders. Thismoderate levelof satisfaction toward the implementationof community-based initiatives isnot ideal,while4%ofrespondents inToorAl-Bahahadnegativeperceptiontowardcommunity-based initiativesstrengtheningtherelationshipwithyouthleaders.

TotallyAgree

TotallyDisagree 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0



Figure 3 IMs Competency in Reaching Common Ground Among Participants


25


4.3.3. CompetenciesIncreasingandParticipationClear improvements in IMsability to reachcommonground for theaddressedcommunity conflicts inreflectedinFigure6,below.Interestingly,theresultsshowwomenratedatahighercompetencyrateinmanagingdialoguesessionsthantheirmalecounterparts.

Ontheotherhand,womentakeasubstantialburdenoflife'sdifficulties,especiallyinlocalcommunitieswherewomenareconstrainedbydiscriminatorytraditionsandcustoms.Therefore,the importanceofwomen's participation in conflict resolution surely increases the effectiveness of conflict resolutionprocessstages. InsiderMediatorsexpressedthisacrossall targeteddistricts,despitediffering levelsofparticipationanddifficultiesfacedrelatedtoparticipation.InAl-Ma’aferandAl-Maqaterahdistricts,theInsiderMediatorsstatedthatwomenwereveryeffectiveinprojectparticipationevenmorethanmenastheyfoundawaytopresenttheproblemstheyface,provideandimplementwin-winsolutions.

“Iwasabletoendadomesticconflictthatcontinuedfortenyearsbyusingskillslearnedfrom

theproject”

FemaleInsiderMediatorfromToorAl-Baha

4.4. ImpactThissectiontendstomeasuretheeffectoftheprojectonitswiderenvironmentanditscontributiontothewiderpolicyorsectorobjectives.

4.4.1. PerceptionsofKeyInformantPeopleOverall,theKIIssuggestthattheprojecthadanimpactonthetargetedcommunities,specificallyregardingcapacitybuildingforyouth,aswellasprovidingthetargetedcommunitieswithnon-violentapproachestoresolvinglocalconflicts.Inthisregard,oneofAl-Ma’aferdistrictleaders,Mr.AdelAliAbdo-TheGeneralManagerofAl-Ma’aferdistrictstatedthat:

TotallyAgree

TotallyDisagree 1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0



Figure 4 IMs Competency in Reaching Common Ground Among Participants


26


“Therewasanimpacttoagreatextent,asoneofthemostimportantimpactsoftheprojectwas

buildingthecapacitiesandtheskillsthatcouldbeusefulinfulfillingthecommunityneedsandsolvethe

conflicts.Inadditiontoenhancingthecultureofdialogueinthecommunityandstrengthenthe

collaborationtidesandunderstandingamongcommunitymembers”.

Moreover,theInsiderMediatorsinAl-Ma’aferdistrictsharethesameperceptionofthepositiveimpactoftheprojectinbuildingthecapacitiesandtheskillsrequiredtosolvecommunityconflicts.Onlyafewnegativecommentswereshared,forinstance,thenon-implementedinitiativesreturnednegativeimpactonthemandtheyfacedsomenegativeaccusations.

InAl-Maqaterahdistrict,theperceptionofcommunitymembers,communityleaders,andlocalauthoritiesontheimpactoftheprojectweremoderate.Fromtheirpointofview,theimplementationofafewofthecommunity-based interventions resulted in decreasing the impact. Insider Mediators are the onlypositivelyimpactedbecauseoftheskillsandcapacitiestheygainedinconflicttransformationanddialoguefacilitation.Mr.EssamAbdo-Al-ShaimaSchoolManagerelaboratedthat:

“Theprojectactivitiessomewhatdidn’tmakeanychangesexceptthecapacitiesandtheskillsacquired

byyouthwhichcouldbeusefulinsolvingcommunityconflicts,butallthathasbeenlearnedweren’t

implementedontheground(referringtocommunity-basedinterventions),therefore,thecommunity

didn’tbenefitafterall.”

Ontheotherhand,theInsiderMediatorsinAl-Maqaterahdistrictexpressedprideinwhattheywereabletodo for their communities. InToorAl-Baha,however, somemediators sharednegative impactsasaresultofnotimplementingtheagreed-uponinitiatives,whichresultedinabreakdownoftrustbetweentheyouthleadersandthecommunity,despitethepositiveimpactofgainingskillsandcapacitiesinconflictresolution. One of the project activities included the installment of water tanks for one of targetedvillages.However, the activitywasnot implementedand that impactednegatively asonlyhalf of thevillagehasawatertankwhichrefusingtosharethewaterwiththeotherhalf.Thisissuecontinuestobemediatedbythelocalyouth,withadditionalfundingbeingsoughtelsewhere.

Nevertheless,inToorAl-Baha,thecommunityexperiencedpositiveimpacts.Indeed,theprojectresolvedaconflictoveragirls’schoolduetothelackofchairs,andresolvedalong-standingconflictovertheclosureofahealthcenter.However,thisimpactneedstobeexpandedtoothervillagesofToorAl-Bahaasthelocalauthorityleaderexpressed.

“Theprojectactivitiesmadeanimpactbutitdidn’treachallthecommunityofToorAl-Baha

district,weneedtoexpandtheprojecttoincludeallvillagestomaketheimpact

inclusiveforallToorAl-Bahadistrict.Thecurrentprojectsupportedonlytwoareas

targetingaschoolandahealthcenteranditdidmakeapositiveimpact”

RoshdiThabet–GeneralmanagerofficeadministratorofToorAl-Baha

InAl-SheikhOthman,theInsiderMediatorsexperiencedapositiveimpactinbuildingyouthcapacitiesinconflictscan,sessionsmanagementandleadingthedialoguestocomeupwithsolutionsandinitiatives.Inaddition,theproject introducedtheyouth leadersasagentsofpeace,effectivelychampioningnon-violentconflictresolutionintheircommunities.


27


EventhoughoneoftheimplementedinterventionsinAl-SheikhOthman(installationoflightingunitsinthestreets)broughtanincreasedsenseofsecurity,respondentsexpressedtheirdissatisfactionbecauseSearchdidnotdeliverallcommunity-basedinterventionsidentifiedinthedialoguesessions.Moreover,Searchwasunabletomeetallthecriteriaidentifiedintheproposal:providing50lightsinsteadof123Duetobudgetaryrestrictions.Search’sinsistenceonworkingwithlocalauthoritiesdirectlyduetosensitivitiesregardingtheDistrictDirectorresultedinInsiderMediatorsexpressingtheyfeltby-passedintheprocess..Mr.SameerAli,acommunityleaderinAl-Mahareeqsaid:

“Thefeelingofsecurityandsafetywelivetodaybecauseofthelightingprojectisenough,peoplecomein

andoutsafelyandfreelydespitetheprojectdidn’tcoverallareas,inaddition,theprojectpresentedthe

youthasdependablecommunity-servingleadersandtheylistentothemandgotothemwheneverthere

isaproblem.”

4.4.2. PerceptionsofBeneficiariesOverall,therewasagoodextentofsatisfactionwiththeimplementedinterventions.Approximately93%of the total respondents were satisfied with the delivered activities. Nevertheless, there was adissatisfactionstatedbyaround20%ofrespondentsinAl-Ma’aferandAl-Maqaterahdistricts,asshowninFigure7below.Thisislikelyduetotheinabilitytoimplementallidentifiedinterventions,asstatedintheprevioussections.

Theimpactofthereducedconflictlevelswasmeasuredthroughthesurvey.Resultsshowthattheyouth-leddialoguesplayedakeyroleinsolvingandreducingconflictbyspreadingthecultureofcollaborationanddialogueasaneffectivetooltosolvenonviolentconflicts.AsshowninFigure8below,theresultspresent that 60% of the total respondents perceived the youth-led dialogues strongly helped andimpactedinreducingconflictswithinthecommunity,while36%perceivedthedialoguesassomewhatimpactingthereductionofconflictwithinthecommunity.

Satisfied

NotSatisfied 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0



Figure 5 Interventions Satisfaction


28


4.5. SustainabilityThis section assesses the likelihood of benefits produced during the project continuing after externalfundinghasended.

TheInsiderMediatorsexpressedthattheskillsandthecapacitiestheyacquiredwillcontinuetobeusedaslongasthecommunityisinneedfortheirinterventions.Inaddition,theylookforwardtodevelopingthese skills and capacities to continue benefiting the community. In addition, the youth mediatorsappreciate their new social positions acquired whilst becoming community Insider Mediators. Forinstance, theyouth leaders inAl-Ma’aferdistrictcontinuetoplay their role insolvingconflictwithoutviolenceevenaftertheprojectended.For instance,theysolvedadisputebetweenbrothersoverlandrights,aswellassolvinganotherconflictoverlandinheritancewhenmalemembersofthefamilyrefusedtogivetheirsisterstheirshareoftheinheritance.AnotherexamplewasexhibitedbyAl-ShiekhOthmanyouthleaderswhocollectedrequiredfundsfromtraderstomakeatemporarywall(ironnet)tolimittheconflictduringdelaysfacedininterventionimplementation.

Indeed,severalaspectsoftheprojectappeartocontributetothelong-termsustenanceofprojectresults.AccordingtotheInsiderMediators,sustainableresultsincludefurthercollaborationbetweenthemselvesandthelocalauthorities,alongwiththecommunityleaders,suchasholdingperiodiccommunitymeetingsto pro-actively address divisive issues and brewing conflicts. Also, they suggested the creation of acooperativemechanismthatwouldgatheryouth,localauthorities,andcommunitymemberstocontinuesensitizationeffortsontheimportanceofdialogueandnon-violence.

Regarding local partners, most stated that they will continue the project’s work using voluntarycontributionsfromlocalcommunities,eithermonetary,time,ormaterials,tohelpmediatorsimplementfuture dialogue results. For example, the local partner in Al-Ma’afer stated that theywould continuetrainingyouthleadersonconflictresolutionanddialoguemanagement.InAl-Maqaterahthelocalpartnerplans to continue implementing community-based initiatives and actively seeking funds fromhumanitarian organizations in order to implement such activities alongside the continuation of

HelpedinReducingConflicts

Didn'tHelpinReducingConflicts

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



Youth-led(Scale) Communitybased(Scale)

Figure 6 YLDs & CBIs Helped in Reducing Conflict


29


performingcommunitydialoguesandmeetingsondistrictandgovernorate level. InAl-SheikhOthmanandToorAl-Baha,localpartnersstatedthattheyhaveatotalnumber44(22inAl-SheikhOthmanand20in ToorAl-Baha) of female andmale youth leaders trained and able to identify conflicts andmanagedialoguesessionsthattheywillingtocontinueworkingwiththem.

5. ProjectIndicators

The following table summarizes the project’s outcome indicators that were measured and recordedthroughoutthelifeoftheproject.

Table1:TableShowingProjectOutcomesbyIndicator

Achievedin theProject

ProjectTarget

Commentson

%ofTargetAchieved

ProjectGoal:Toenhanceyouthleaders’roletotransformconflictwithoutviolence.

% of surveyed community stakeholders whobelieve that youth are helping to reduceviolenceintheircommunities.

66%

65% Targetmet

This result according to 206personsfromlocalcommunitieswho were surveyed. Also,secondary sources whichincluded FDGs and KII withInsider mediators, localauthorities,communityleaders,indicatedthattheyouthleaders(Insider Mediators) helped inreducing violence in thetargetedcommunities.

Objective1:Youthleaders’capacityinconflictanalysisandconflicttransformationisstrengthened.

1. Thenumberof youthparticipantswhohaveacquired the necessary skills to facilitatedialogue around conflict and potential forpeacebuilding.

87 70 Targetedsurpassed

ExpectedResult 1.1:Youth leaders in eachof the target governorates areequipped to analyze conflictdynamics,conflicttriggers,andidentifyopportunitiestotransformconflict.


30


1.1.1. The number of people participating inUSG supported events, trainings, or activitiesdesigned tobuildmass support forpeaceandreconciliation(referencePS6.2-4).

82 80+ Targetmet

1.1.2. Number of USG supported events,trainings,oractivitiesdesignedtobuildsupportforpeaceorreconciliationamongkeyactorstotheconflict(referencePS6.23).

4 4 Targetmet

ExpectedResult1.2:Youthleadersinthetargetgovernoratesimplementsuccessfulinitiativestorespondcollaborativelytoconflict

1.2.1.Thenumberofpeacebuildingandstabilityinitiativesimplementedbyyouthleaders.

09 20+ Target not met due to budgetrestrictions.

1.2.2.Thenumberofnewgroupsor initiativescreated through USG funding, dedicated toresolving the conflict or the drivers of theconflict(referencePS6.2-1).

24 20-24 Targetmet

Objective 2: Collaboration among youth leaders and between youth and elders across dividing lines isstrengthened.

2. Percentageofyouthparticipantswhoreportincreased collaboration within their localcommunitiesacrossdividinglines.

60% 60% Targetmet

Most survey’s respondents, KIIand FGDs intervieweesindicated that healthyrelationships amongst youthparticipantsandbetweenyouthand elders are created acrossdividing lines and withstakeholders at a local andnationallevel.

ExpectedResult2.1:Healthyrelationshipsamongstyouthparticipantsandbetweenyouthandeldersarecreatedacrossdividinglinesandwithstakeholdersatalocalandnationallevel.

2.1.1.Percentageofyouthandlocalcommunitystakeholders who report improvedunderstandingofsuccessfulapproachestolocallevelpeacebuildingefforts.

50%

60% Targetnotmet

Insider Mediators during FGDsindicated that there was animproved understanding ofpeacebuilding efforts. Theybelieve that cooperation withcommunity elders and othercommunityinformalleadershas


31


increased due to Search’sprojectactivities.However,dueto the reducing of the numberofcommunity-based initiatives,community leaders and localauthority during KII reporteddecreasing in trust to InsiderMediatorsandtheirefforts.

ExpectedResult2.2:Lessonslearnedonyouth-ledpeacebuildingeffortsaresharedacrossthesedividinglinesandwithstakeholdersatalocalandgovernoratelevel.

2.2.1. The number of USG funded events,trainings,oractivitiesdesignedtobuildsupportfor peace or reconciliation on amass scale (FreferencePS.6.2-2).

2 2 Targetmet

2.2.2. Number of participants taking part inonlineexchanges

104 36 Targetsurpassed

TherearethreeWhat’sgroups:1- What’sup group for Al-Ma’afer and Al-MaqatirahInsiderMediatorsinadditiontosomecommunityleaderswhichare60.

2- Toor Al-Baha groupcomposedof20.

3- Al-Shiekh Othman groupmade of 24 Insider Mediatorplusotheryouthleaders.


32


6. Conclusions

ThankstoSearch’scontextualknowledgeandbaselinestudycarriedoutatthebeginningoftheproject,theactivities,andthemesoftheprojectrespondedwelltothecommunity’sneeds.Themainstrengthoftheprojectliesintargetingyouthasprimarybeneficiariesand,buildingtheircapacitiestobepotentialactorsofconflicttransformation.Thefinalevaluationconfirmedtherelevanceoftheproject,whichhasinvestedinyouthbyinvolvingtheminalltheproject’sactivities.Ontheotherhand,theInsiderMediators,who participated in focus group discussions, lamented the limited of engaging them in deliveringcommunity-based interventions, as well as the non-implementation of all 24 community-basedinterventions,whichremainthemostimportantactivityforlocalcommunitiesintheproject.

Thestudyfoundthattheprojectachieveditsoverallgoalofenhancingyouthleaders’role(ages20to35)to transformconflictwithoutviolence in the four targeteddistricts;Al-Ma’afer,Al-SheikhOthman,Al-Makaterah,andToorAl-Baha.Inaddition,theevaluationdeemsthatthemajorityoftheresults/outcomeswere achieved despite some of the activities not fulfilling their full quota. Furthermore,most of theevaluationrespondents,inparticularInsiderMediators,highlightedthepositiveelementsoftheprojectand how the project directly affected their knowledge and skills and understanding for a peacefulenvironmentthroughmediationanddialogue,asopposedtoresortingtoviolence.Ithasnotonlybecomeanalternativetoviolencebutisnowconsideredthebesttooltousewhendealingwithanyconflictwithinthecommunityandinthefamily.Similarly,mostofthesurveys,KIIsandFGDsrespondentsbelievethattheprojectresultedinapositiveimpactingeneral.However,theimpactonalargerscaleoftheseactionsisnotguaranteedduetolackofaplanforsustainability.

To sum up, the project has strengthened the capacity of young people in conflict management andsensitizedalargenumberofyoungpeopleonnon-violenceandCommonGroundapproach.Ithasalsocontributedtocreatingnewplatformsofdialoguebetweenyouth,theelderandcommunityleaders,aswellasreducingthegapbetweenthem.


33


7. Recommendations

● AmorerobustinternalandexternalcommunicationsystemneedstobeputinplaceatSEARCHandbetweenSEARCHandthepartnersandtargetbeneficiaries,especiallywithregardstoanycommunity interventionsnotbeingable tobe implemented. It is important toensure thatallrelevant persons are communicated towith regards to any changes,whichwill influence theeffectivenessoftheimpactoftheproject.

● SEARCH should enhance the project ownership of the local partners through providing ToTtraininginconflicttransformationandmediationtotheimplementingpartners’personnelsothelocalpartnerscangivethetrainingfortheinsidermediators.Inthisproject,thelocalpartnerorganizations had mainly a logistical role. If the partner organizations had more ownership,sustainabilityandqualityoftheperformancewoulddramaticallyincrease.

● SEARCHshouldfocusitseffortsonencouragingmorefemaleparticipationinalltheproject’s

activities.SEARCHneedstocontinuecommunicationwithlocalNGOs,localauthoritiesandlocalcommunitiesabouthownecessarytheparticipationofwomenis,andrelevanttotheworkthattheyplantodotogether.Thistypeofdialogueandnegotiationongendermainstreamingneedtooccuratthebeginningoftheproject.SEARCHshouldknowandunderstandthestakeholdersandtheircontexttopreparesuitablemeansofpersuasion.Forexample,conductacampaigntolocalcommunitiesabouthowtoengagemorewomenintheprojectorholddiscussionmeetingswith local authorities and local partner organization on how to involve more women in theproject’sactivities.

● Thisfinalevaluationtookplacebeforeorduringtheimplementationofsomecommunity-based

interventions,sofollowupactivitiesneedtobeensuredtomeasuretheimpactoftheproject.Theseneedtobepracticalandtofindwaysofconnectingdifferentlocalcommunitieswithotherstoensurethattheprojecthasaspillovereffectonthetargetedcommunities.

● Anewextension/projectwillbeneededtocontinueimplementingallcommunityinterventionsthatwereproposedduringthecommunitydialogues.Thenewextension/projectwillrequiretheassurancesofastrongerfinancialsystemtobeinplaceatSEARCHtoensureregularcashflowtotheimplementingteamsofSEARCHandthepartners.Thesequenceindeliveringactivitieswillprevent the gap between conducting the community dialogues and the implementation ofcommunity interventions. As a result, local communities will no longer get angry nor lostconfidenceintheInsiderMediatorsaswellasSEARCH.Also,thenewextension/projectwillregainthetrustandconfidenceofthecommunities,andnewbridgeswillbebuilt.


34


8. Annexes

Annex1:TermsofReferences

FinalEvaluation:AFutureCalledPeace1.ContextOrganizationalBackground:SearchforCommonGround(SEARCH)workstopreventandendtheviolentconflictbefore,during,andafteracrisis.SEARCHhasa33-yeartrackrecordofequippingindividualsandsocietiestofindalternativestoviolence.Westrivetobuildsustainablepeaceforgenerationstocomebyworkingwithallsidesofaconflict,providingthetoolsneededtoworktogether,andfindingconstructivesolutions.Ourmissionisto transform the way the world deals with conflict, away from adversarial approaches and towardcooperativesolutions.Insteadoftearingdownanexistingworld,wefocusonconstructinganewone.Wedo this through a type of peacebuilding called “conflict transformation.” We shift the everydayinteractionsbetweenhostilegroupsofpeople,sotheycanworktogethertobuilduptheircommunity,choosingjointproblem-solvingoverviolentmeans.SEARCH’smissioninYemenistopromotethecultureof dialogue and diversity through the involvement of all the components of the society, and whilereinforcing their capacities. SEARCHYemen isworkingduring theongoing conflict tohelpmembersofYemeni societyapproachconflictsanddifferences inaconstructivemanner, throughcooperationanddialogue.SEARCHYemeniscurrentlyoperationalinmanygovernoratesandmaintainsawideandrobustrelationshipnetworkoflocalcivilsocietyorganizations.

ProjectSummary:Theoverallgoalof theproject is toenhanceyouth leaders’ role (ages20 to35) to transformconflictwithout

violence.Inordertoachievethatgoal,theprojecthastwospecificobjectives:•Objective1:Youthleaders’capacityinconflictanalysisandconflicttransformationisstrengthened.• Objective 2: Collaboration among youth leaders and between youth and elders across dividing lines is

strengthened.TheoryofChange:Thisproposedprojectisbasedontwocomplementarytheoriesofchange:

1. TheInside-Outtheoryofchange,specificallythecommoncomplexidentitiestheory.Thisstatesthatifkeyactorsand/orenoughindividualsonallsidesoftheconflictdiscoversharedvaluesandmultifaceted complex identities, including constructive in group self-esteem, then inclusivebroader"valueidentities"thatunitegroupswillform.

This theoryof change reflects thedegree towhichnational identitiesareunderminedbypressure toidentify more strongly with a tribe, clan, religion, caste, region, or cultural background. Thisprojectseekstoenabletheyouthleaderstofindvalueindiversity,recognizingcommoninterestsdespitetheirdifferences,firstlywithintheirgovernorateandthenwithyouthleadersfromothergovernorateswithcontrastingidentityprofiles.Thischangewillthussupportconstructiveconflictengagementandstrengthenresiliencytonegativemanipulationandviolentactionbyone'sowngroup.

2. TheHealthy Relationships theory of change, specifically the community-based peacebuildingtheory.This states that ifbelligerentgroupswithina communityaregiven theopportunity tointeract,thentheywillbetterunderstandandappreciateoneanotherandwillprefertoresolveconflictspeacefully.

Thistheoryofchangefocusesonthestrengthoftherelationshipsbetweentheyouthleaders,butalsobetweenthemandtheoldergenerationofleaders,elders,andgovernmentofficials.Theprojectsoughttotransformthisrelationshipfromoneofmistrust,prejudice,andadversarialapproaches


35


towardonerootedincommoninterests.Asthehealthoftherelationshipbetweenthesegroupsimproves,thelikelihoodofviolencebetweenthemdeclines.

Theprojectactivitiesare:1- BaselineAssessment.2- LocalPartnersPartnerships.3- IdentifyYouthLeaders4- YouthCapacityBuildingTraining5- Youth-ledConflictScans6- Mid-termEvaluation7- YouthPeacebuildingDialogueDesignTraining8- Youth-ledDialogueProcesses9- Community-basedInitiatives10- Regional-levelMeetings

2.Objectivesoftheevaluation:SEARCHasanorganizationiscommittedtoconductingevaluationsforprojectsinordertomaximizetheeffectivenessofitsprogrammingandengageincontinuousimprovementandlearningwithinprogramsandacrosstheorganizations.TheSEARCHapproachtoevaluationsisgroundedintheguidingprinciplesofitswork:participatory;culturallysensitive;affirmingandpositivewhilehonestandproductivelycriticalandvaluingknowledgeandapproachesfromwithinthecontext.SEARCHwillapplythisapproachtotheevaluationofthisproject,whichwillbecarriedoutinconsultationandinparticipationwithkeyrelevantstakeholders,appropriatecommunitygroupsorkeycivilsocietyindividuals.Theevaluationobjectiveswillfocusonthefollowing:1.Evaluatetheproject'sperformanceintermsofachievingitsobjectivesandexpectedresults;2.Evaluatetheimplementationofthemainactivitiesoftheproject;3.Evaluateproceduresandprocessesforsettinguptheprojectasdescribedintheprojectproposal;4.Evaluatechangesassignedtotheprojectandlessonslearned;

5.Documentlessonslearnedandprovidepracticalrecommendationsforbetterdesignandimplementation,aswellasrecommendationsontheidentificationoffuturepriorityareas;

6.Identifythedifficultiesencounteredduringtherealizationoftheproject.

3.Evaluationcriteriaandkeyevaluationquestions:ThepurposeoftheevaluationistoprovideanindependentassessmentontheaddedvalueoftheSEARCHinterventions in Yemen, taking note of beneficiary perspectives, and of the effectiveness, efficiency,impact,andsustainabilityoftheimplementedproject.Resultsoftheevaluationandlessonslearnedwillcontributetodesigningamethodologyforpreventinginter-communalconflictandpromotinglocalsocialcohesionthatcanbereplicatedonalargerscalebeyondthisspecificproject.The evaluation is based on theOECD-DAC peacebuilding Evaluation Criteria (relevance, effectiveness,impact,efficiency,andsustainability),investigatingtheirsetofquestions,andutilizingand/oraddressingtheperformanceindicatorsdescribedintheprojectdocument.Relevance:

● Towhatextentdidthisprojectrespondtothetargetedcommunityneedsandexistingissues?● Whatistherelevanceoftheinterventionsasperceivedbybeneficiariesandstakeholders?● How relevant were the instruments (Insider Mediators’ training, conflict scans, community

dialoguemeetings, and community initiatives) dedicated during the project to transform theconflictorthedriversoftheconflict?

Effectiveness:● Towhatextentwastheprojectsuccessfulinachievingitsstatedgoal?


36


● Towhatextentwas theprojectsuccessful inachieving its statedobjectives,1)Youth leaders’capacityinconflictanalysisandconflicttransformationisstrengthened.2)Collaborationamongyouthleadersandbetweenyouthandeldersacrossdividinglinesisstrengthened?

● TowhatextentwastheprojecteffectiveinprovidingInsiderMediators’trainingwiththeskillsandcapacitiesneededtoenhanceyouths’engagementtotransformconflictwithoutviolence?

● To what extent did the various project activities contribute to the achievement of projectobjectives?

● Whatwerethemajorfactorsinfluencingtheachievementornon-achievementoftheobjectives?● Whatwerethemajorprojectresultsandlessonslearned?

Efficiency:● Doestheprojectdeliveritsoutputsandobjectivesinanefficientmanner(resultsagainstcosts)?● Wereactivitiescost-efficient(resourcesappliedresults)?

Sustainability:● TowhatextentaretheobjectivelyverifiableresultssustainablebeyondSEARCHorUSAIDsupport,

disaggregatedbygender,age,andlocation?● Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlysotheprojectbecomesmoresustainableinthefuture?● Havenewmechanismsbeendesignedtocontinueanyworkinitiatedbythisproject?Ifyes,will

theinitiativessustainpost-project?Impact:

● Whatarethebroaderchanges,positiveornegative,intendedorunintended,oftheinterventionsinthecontext?Towhatextentarethesechangesdesirable?

● What changes canbe ascertained in attitudes, behaviors, and relationships as a result of thecommunitydialoguesessionsandmediationactivities?

● Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlytomaketheprojectbeofhigherquality,greaterimpact?Thiswill include lessons learned,projectmanagementand implementation,andworkingwithyouthwithinlocalcommunities.

● Capture and/or incorporate success stories, when applicable – that have been the mostsignificantchangesasaresultoftheprojectinterventions?

Inadditiontotheabovelinesofinquiry,theEvaluationisexpectedtoprovideinformationagainstthekeyindicatorsaslistedintheprojectlogframe.4.Scope:The final evaluation will investigate principal target groups: CSO actors, youth and local communityrepresentativesinthetargetgovernorateslistedbelow:Governorate DistrictTaiz Al-Ma’aferLahj ToorAl-BahaandAl-MaqatirahAden SheikhOthman

The evaluation sample should adequately cover the project target area and be representative of thecommunitystructure.5.Methodology:Theevaluationwillemploybothquantitativeandqualitativeparticipatorymethods.Bothquantitativeandqualitative data will be analyzed with gender, age, and location disaggregation. The qualitative andquantitativefindingsareexpectedtobesynthesizedinaccordancewiththeprojectindicators.Thesamplingmethodologyforthetoolsand/orinstrumentswillbedesignedbytheconsultant,referringtotheproject’sRMPandincoordinationwithSearch-Yemen’sProjectManager,DMEManager,andthe


37


RegionalDMESpecialist. Thesamplingmethodologyshouldincludeatleast30%femaleinthesamplesizeoftheevaluationtorepresentthefemalebeneficiaries.

Furthermore,aspartofthedatacollectionandanalysisprocess,theconsultantisrequiredtorespectthefollowingEthicalPrinciples:

- Comprehensiveandsystematicinquiry:Consultantshouldmakethemostoftheexistinginformationandafullrangeofstakeholdersavailableatthetimeofthereview.The consultant should conduct systematic,data-based inquiries.Heorsheshouldcommunicatehisorhermethodsandapproachesaccuratelyandinsufficientdetailtoallowotherstounderstand,interpretandcritiquehisorherwork.Heorsheshouldmakeclearthelimitationsofthereviewanditsresults.

- Competence: Consultant should possess the abilities, skills, and experienceappropriatetoundertakethetasksproposedandshouldpracticewithinthelimitsofhisorherprofessionaltrainingandcompetence.

- Honesty and integrity: Consultant should be transparent with thecontractor/constituent about any conflict of interest, any changemade in thenegotiatedprojectplanandthereasonswhythosechangesweremade,andanyrisk that certain procedures or activities produce a misleading review ofinformation.

- CultureSensitivity:Consultant respects thesecurity,dignity,andself-worthofrespondentsandprogramparticipants.Theconsultanthastheresponsibilitytobesensitivetoandrespectdifferencesamongstparticipantsinculture,religion,gender,disability,age,andethnicity.

AllthedataproducedbythisstudybelongsexclusivelytoSearchandallremainingcopiesofthedatawillbeasthefollowingdeliverables:

● A final evaluation plan (Inception Report) detailing a proposed methodology and writtenevaluationtoolsandcoverthefollowing:

- Inclusiveness—the methodology should include a wide range of viewpoints,specificallygenderandage-sensitivity.

- Mixed-methodapproaches—bothqualitativeandquantitativemethodsneedtobepresentinthemethodology.

- The rigor of the evidence-based approach and methodology—gatheredinformationneedstobereliableandtransparent.

- Ethics - themethodologyneeds to considerethics inorder toensure that theevaluationisfullyobjective.

● Datacollectionandoversightofthedatacodingprocess.● AfirstdraftofthefinalevaluationreportforreviewbySEARCHstaffandotherstakeholders.● Afinalevaluationreport(40-45pagesinlength)thatconsistsof:

- Tableofcontents-Executivesummaryofkeyfindingsandrecommendations–nomorethan3pages.

- Researchfindings,analysis,withassociateddatapresented,whereappropriateincleargraphsorcharts.

- ConclusionandRecommendationsforfutureprojectimplementation.- Appendices, which include a detailed description of the methodology with

research instruments, list of interviewees, bibliography, and evaluator(s) briefbiography.


38


- Twoboundhardcopiesandsubmittedinelectronicform.● ThefullreportshouldbeinEnglish.● Therawdatacollectedfromthefield.● SEARCHmayexerciseeditorialcontroloverthefinalreport.●

6.Duration&Deadlines:Thedurationofthecontractwillbeatotalperiodofsevenweeksstartingfromthetimeofsignature.Specificdateswillbeagreeduponatthebeginningoftheconsultancy.7.LogisticalSupport:SEARCHwillprovidepreparatoryandlogisticalassistancetotheevaluator,whichinclude:

● Backgroundmaterialsfordeskreview(projectproposal,meetingnotes,reports,etc)● Communicationthroughphone,email● QuantitativeandqualitativedocumentationcollectedandgatheredbySearch● Interviewees(andtheircontactinformation)● Technicalassistance● Meetingarrangementswithstakeholdersandbeneficiaries

8.TeamMembers:TheevaluationwillbeconductedbyanindividualorafirmmanagedbytheevaluationfocalpointpersonatSEARCH-YemenandsupervisedbyMENADM&Especialist.Theevaluatorwilltraveltothepreviouslymentionedgovernorates toconduct thiswork. The finalwritingof thedeliverablescanbeconductedexternallytothearea.9.RequirementsofConsultant/Firm:SEARCHseeksanexperiencedevaluatorwiththefollowingqualifications:

● MinimumBachelor’s leveldegreeinconflictresolution, internationalrelations,arelatedsocialsciencefieldorstatistics.

● ProficiencyinArabicandEnglish.● More than 5 years of experience in project evaluation or the equivalent in DM&E expertise,

includingcollectingdataininterviews,surveysandfocusgroupsdiscussion.Evaluationmethodsanddatacollectionskills,particularlyinactiveorpost-conflictcontexts.

● Experienceinpeacebuildingorconflictresolution.● UnderstandingofandexperienceinYemen.● Strongcommunicationandwritingskills.● Understandingofandexperienceworkingwithcivilsocietyorganizations.● Abilitytobeflexiblewithtimeandworkschedule.

10.HowtoApply:Toapply,SearchYemeninvitesallinterestedandqualifiedcandidates(individualsorteams)tosubmitthefollowingdocuments:

● Curriculumvitae● Aletterofinterest,indicatingclearlyhowtheirexperiencemeetsdesiredqualifications● Shortbiography(ies)ofthecandidate(s).● Atechnicalproposalproposingamethodologyfortheevaluation● Afinancialproposalforthecompletionoftheaforementioneddeliverables.● Acopyofoneevaluationconductedbythecandidate(s)inEnglish.


39


● 2referencescontactdetails.

Annex2:FinalEvaluationMatrix

ThefollowingevaluationmatrixaddressedtheDACcriteriaandtheindicatorsintheprojectlog-frame.

Relevance: The appropriateness of project objectives to the problems that it was supposed to address, and to the physical and policyenvironmentwithinwhichitoperated.Itshouldincludeanassessmentofthequalityofprojectpreparationanddesign–i.e.,thelogicandcompletenessoftheprojectplanningprocess,andtheinternallogicandcoherenceoftheprojectdesign;extenttowhichtheprojectisinlinewithstrategicprioritiesunderwhichtheprojectwasfunded

Main-Questions Sub-Questions Methods DataSourcesTo what extent did this project respond to the targetedcommunityneedsandexistingissues?

● How was thetraining receiveduseful to you andyour community?Pleaseexplain

● Explain how relatedthetrainingreceivedto your needs andcapacities tomanage andconduct Youth-ledDialogue Processesand Community-basedInitiatives.

● Are there otheractivitiesthatshouldhave been includedintheproject?

● Are there otherpersons ororganizations orgroups of personsthat should havebeen or should be

survey,Key informantinterviews(KII),Focus group discussions(FGD)

partner Civil SocietyOrganizations(CSO),youth leaders (InsiderMediators),targeted communities’members and leaders,localauthorities,SEARCHprojectstaff

What is the relevance of the interventions as perceived bybeneficiariesandstakeholders?

How relevant were the instruments (Insider Mediators’training, conflict scans, community dialogue meetings, andcommunity initiatives) dedicated during the project totransformtheconflictorthedriversoftheconflict?


3


moreinvolvedintheproject?

● How are theoutcomes of theproject relevant tothe current contextregarding theconflict in thetargetedcommunities?

● Is there anythingelse that could bedone to make thisproject morerelevant to theconflict context inthe targeteddistricts?

● Did women haveany role in conflicttransformationduring the projectwithin thecommunity?

Efficiency:Thefactthattheprojectresultshavebeenachievedatareasonablecost,i.e.,howwellinputs/meanshavebeenconvertedintoactivities, in terms of quality, quantity and time, and the quality of the results achieved. The generally, requires comparing alternativeapproachestoachievingthesameresults,toseewhetherthemostefficientprocesshasbeenadopted.

Main-Questions Sub-Questions Methods DataSourcesDoes the project deliver its outputs and objectives in anefficientmanner(resultsagainstcosts)?

● How efficient andtimely has thisproject beenimplemented and

documentsreview,KII

SearchProjectstaff

Wereactivitiescost-efficient(resourcesappliedresults)?


4


managed under theProjectproposal?

● Did the budget

amount wasefficient accordingto the number ofbeneficiaries? Howorwhy?

● What were theconstraints thatcaused to delays inachieving theactivities?

Effectiveness: Anassessmentof the contributionmadeby results to theachievementof theprojectpurpose, andhowassumptionshaveaffectedprojectachievements.Thisshouldincludeaspecificassessmentofthebenefitsaccruingtotargetgroups,includingwomenandmenandidentifiedvulnerablegroupssuchaschildren,theelderlyanddisabled

Main-Questions Sub-Questions Methods DataSourcesTo what extent was the project successful in achieving itsstatedgoal?

● How effective werethe Youth-ledDialogue Processesand their resultinginterventions inincreasingcommunityresilience toconflict? ExplainWhy/Whynot?

● Do you think thatthe projectincreases the abilityof the targeted

survey,KII,documentsreview,FGD


To what extent was the project successful in achieving itsstated objectives, 1) Youth leaders’ capacity in conflictanalysis and conflict transformation is strengthened. 2)Collaborationamongyouth leadersandbetweenyouthandeldersacrossdividinglinesisstrengthened?TowhatextentwastheprojecteffectiveinprovidingInsiderMediators’ trainingwith the skills and capacities needed toenhance youths’ engagement to transform conflict withoutviolence?Towhatextentdidthevariousprojectactivitiescontributetotheachievementofprojectobjectives?


5


Whatwerethemajorfactorsinfluencingtheachievementornon-achievementoftheobjectives?

communities tosolve conflictwithout violence?Explain why/whynot?

● Do you feel thatactivitiescontributedsignificantly to theproject’s overallgoals? Why or whynot?

● Are womensufficiently involvedin the projectactivities? If no,why?

● What would yousuggest is the mostsignificant orappropriate of(training, dialogueprocess, communityinitiatives) theproject hasachieved?Why?

● Haveall thespecificobjectives andplanned outcomesbeen achieved? Ifno,why?

● To what extent doyou think that thereceived training

Whatwerethemajorprojectresultsandlessonslearned?


6


provided you withappropriate toolsand skills to solveconflicts?

● What are the keylessons learnedfromtheproject?

● Doyouknowofanystories– that havebeen the mostsignificant changesas a result of theproject? Can youmention some ofthe other conflictsthat have beensuccessfullyaddressedusing theproject mechanismswithout the projectinterventions?

● what were thechallenges facedachieving theproject objectiveseffectively?

● To what extent theproject contributesto improvedcollaborationamong youth andelders?Ifso,didthisimprovedcollaboration


7


contribute to anyimprovements inconflicttransformation inyour district?Provideexamples

Impact:Theeffectoftheprojectonitswiderenvironment,anditscontributiontothewiderpolicyorsectorobjectives

Main-Questions Sub-Questions Methods DataSourcesWhatarethebroaderchanges,positiveornegative,intendedorunintended,ofthe interventions inthecontext?Towhatextentarethesechangesdesirable?

● Do you think thatthis project makeschanges (has animpact) to thecommunity? Yesorno, if yes, explain,please?

● To what extent doyouthinktheimpactof this project willsustain or remainafter theendof theproject?

● How was yourpersonal experiencein participating intheproject?

● What are somesignificanthighlightsofwhatyoulearnedfromtheproject?

● Givemeanexampleof how the projectimpactedyourlife.



Whatchangescanbeascertainedinattitudes,behaviors,andrelationshipsasaresultofthecommunitydialoguesessionsandmediationactivities?Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlytomaketheprojectbeof higher quality, greater impact? This will include lessonslearned, project management and implementation, andworkingwithyouthwithinlocalcommunities.Captureand/orincorporatesuccessstories,whenapplicable–thathavebeenthemostsignificantchangesasaresultoftheprojectinterventions?


8


● Are there particularaspects of theproject that youbelieve was doneverywell?

● Has the level ofcommunicationbetween youthleaders and eldersimprovedduringthepasteightmonths?

● Are young peopleable to share theirconcerns and ideaswith the localauthorities?

Sustainability:Anassessmentofthelikelihoodofbenefitsproducedbytheprojecttocontinuetoflowafterexternalfundinghasendedandwithparticularreferencetofactorsofownershipbybeneficiaries,policysupport,economicandfinancialfactors,socio-culturalaspects,genderequality,appropriatetechnology,environmentalaspects,andinstitutionalandmanagementcapacity.

Main-Questions Sub-Questions Methods DataSourcesTo what extent are the objectively verifiable resultssustainablebeyondSEARCHorUSAIDsupport,disaggregatedbygender,age,andlocation?

● How are you goingto apply theknowledge yougained from thetraining to yourcommunity? Canyou provide anexample?

● Are there any plansand or strategies tosustain the gainsmade in youth andcommunities aftertheproject?



What could have been done differently, so the projectbecomesmoresustainableinthefuture?

Havenewmechanismsbeendesignedtocontinueanyworkinitiatedbythisproject?Ifyes,willtheinitiativessustainpost-project?


9


● How effective werethe exit strategies,and approaches tophaseoutassistanceprovided by theproject, includingcommunityinitiatives?

● Do you think thebenefits of theinterventions arelikely to continueafterSearchfundinghas beenwithdrawn?Canyoumention some ofthe other conflictsthat have beensuccessfullyaddressed withoutthe projectinterventions?

Annex3:EvaluationTools

Keyinformativeinterview(KII)forSearchprojectstaff

DateofInterview DayofInterview Time of Starting theInterview

Time of Finishing theinterview

NameofInterviewer:IntervieweeName InterviewPlace

Gender MaleFemale

Person withdisability

Yes

No

IntervieweeStatusCitizenInternallydisplacedperson(IDP)Refugee

Job/Capacity PhoneNumber

Questions:1. Towhatextentdidthisprojectrespondtothetargetedcommunityneedsandexistingissues?2. Arethereotheractivitiesthatshouldhavebeenincludedintheproject?Whatandwhy?3. Arethereotherpersonsororganizationsorgroupsofpersonsthatshouldhavebeenorshould

bemoreinvolvedintheproject?Whoand/why?4. How efficient and timely has this project been implemented andmanaged under the Project

proposal?5. Didthebudgetamountwasefficientaccordingtothenumberofbeneficiaries?Ifyeshowwas

that?6. Towhatextentwastheprojectsuccessfulinachievingitsstatedgoalandplannedobjectives?7. Arewomensufficientlyinvolvedintheprojectactivities?Ifno,why?Ifyeshow?8. Whatwould you suggest is themost significant or appropriate of (training, dialogue process,

communityinitiatives)theprojecthasachieved?Why?9. Havetherebeenunforeseenresultsorunforeseenbeneficiaries?Ifyes,why?10. Doyouthinkthatthisprojectmakeschangessuchincreasecommunity-levelsocialcohesionand

communityidentifyingandresolvinggrievances?Yesorno,ifyes,explain,please?11. Inyouropinion,whatwerethemajorachievementsoftheproject?12. Whatwerethemajorfactorsinfluencingtheachievementornon-achievementoftheobjectives?13. Areyouawareofnewmechanisms thatbeendesigned to continueanywork initiatedby this

project?Ifyes,whatarethey?Willtheysustainpost-project?14. Arethereanyplansandorstrategiestosustainthegainsmadeinyouthandcommunitiesafter

theproject?Ifyes,whatarethey?15. Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlysotheprojectbecomesmoresustainableinthefuture?16. Aretheresuccessstoriesthathavebeenthemostsignificantchangesasaresultoftheproject

interventions?Whatcouldhavebeendonedifferentlytomaketheprojectbeofhigherquality,greaterimpact?

17. Whatare:● Thesuccesses


11


● Challenges● Risks● Opportunities

fromtheproject?18. Didyouhaveanexitstrategyfortheproject?Ifyes,wouldyoupleasedescribeit?Ifno,why?

Fromyourpointofviewwhatwerethemostsuccessfulmechanismsforidentifying/resolvinggrievancesandwhy?


12


Keyinformantinterview(KII)forLocalPartner(CSOs)




Gender MaleFemale

Governorate1 Aden 2 Lahj 3 Taiz

District

InterviewStatusCitizenInternallydisplacedperson(IDP)Refugee

Thepersonwithadisability(PWD)

Yes

No


Questions:1. HowdidyourCSOparticipateinthisproject?2. Howrelevantwerethefollowingactivitiestoyourneedsandcapacitiestoservethecommunity?

Why/whynot/pleaseexplain?▪ technicalandfinancialissues,▪ CommunityDialogueApproach(CDA),▪ howtoconductlocalizedconflictscans,▪ dialoguedesignandfacilitation▪ howtomanageandimplementcommunityinitiatives▪ regional-levelmeetings

3. Towhat extent do you think this project is related to youth and targeted community needs?

Why/whynot?Howcanyouexplain?4. Towhatdegreehavetheprojectactivities/interventionscontributedtoimprovedrelationships

betweentargetedyouthleadersandeldersintheircommunities?5. Did the project instigate changes among the communitymembers and the youth individuals

involvedintheproject?Whatwerethesechangesifany?6. Hasthelevelofcommunicationbetweenyouthleadersandeldersimprovedduringthepasteight

months?Why?7. Didwomenhaveanyroleinconflicttransformationduringtheprojectwithinyourcommunity?

Yes,ornopleaseexplain.8. Whatdidtheprojectaddtoyou?Whatskillshaveyouacquired?Pleaseexplainwithexamples.9. Inyouropinion,howdidyourCSObenefitfromthisproject?


13


10. How can you describe the influence of the project on your community in general and youngpeopleinparticular?Elucidatewithexamplesifpossible.

11. Towhatextentwillyoucontinueusingtheacquiredskillsafter theendof theproject?Pleaseexplain.

12. WhatrolescanyourCSOperformtoassurethefuturesustainabilityoftheproject?13. Arethereanyplansandorstrategiestosustainthegainsmadeinyouthandcommunitiesafter

theproject?14. Can you illustrate any conflict in your community that has been solved by using the project

mechanismsaftertheendoftheproject?WerethereanysomeofIllustrateotherconflictsthathave been successfully addressed using the project mechanisms without the projectinterventions?

15. Whatarethemostsignificantchangesasaresultoftheproject?(Successfulstories)16. Whataretheobstaclesthatmayhavelimitedthesuccessoftheprojectactivities?17. Whatarethemainelementsofthestrengthofthisproject?18. Whatarethemainelementsofweaknessinthisproject?19. Towhatextentdoyouthinkthedevotedbudgetandtimewereefficienttotheprojectactivities

andobjectives?20. Arethereotheractivitiesthatshouldhavebeenincludedintheproject?21. Arethereotherpersonsororganizationsorgroupsofpersonsthatshouldhavebeenorshould

bemoreinvolvedintheproject?


14


Keyinformativeinterview(KII)forlocalauthoritiesandCommunityLeaders




Gender MaleFemale


IntervieweestatusCitizenInternallydisplacedperson(IDP)Refugee


YesNo


Questions:1. Haveyouheardabout“AFutureCalledPeace”project?Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2. Is“AFutureCalledPeace”projectculturallyappropriatetothecommunity?Explainwhyyes/no3. Doyouthinktheactivities“conflictscans,Youth-ledDialogueProcessesandCommunity-based

initiatives”respondtothetargetedcommunity(malesandfemales)needs?4. Arethereotheractivitiesthatshouldhavebeenincludedintheproject?Whatarethey?5. Didyouparticipateinanyoftheconflictscansinyourcommunity?Whatwasyourfeedback?Did

youthinktheywereusefulornotuseful?/How?Canyouexplainit?Provideexamples?6. Towhatextenttheprojecthelpedinlocalacceptingofyouthasleaders?Pleaseexplain?7. Towhatextentdidtheprojectcontributetoconflicttransformationwithoutviolenceamongthe

localcommunitymembers?Pleaseexplain?8. Towhatextentdidyouandyourcommunitybenefitfrom(nameofthecommunityinitiativein

thatdistrict)?Whatarethebenefitsachievedoutoftheproject?9. How effective were the Youth-led Dialogue Processes and their resulting interventions in

increasing community resilience to conflict and community-level social cohesion? ExplainWhy/Whynot?

10. Arewomensufficientlyinvolvedintheprojectactivities?Ifno,why?11. Whatcouldpromotewomenrolesinconflicttransformationwithinthecommunity?12. Do you think that this projectmakes changes (has an impact) to the community? Yes or no,

explain,please.13. Towhatextentdoyouthinktheimpactofthisprojectwillremainaftertheendoftheprojectand

why?14. Haveyouheardaboutanyotherconflictsthathavebeensuccessfullyaddressedaftertheendof

theproject?Wouldyoupleaseprovideexamples?15. Whatweresomeofthethingsyouwouldchangeabouttheproject?Why?16. Arethereparticularaspectsoftheprojectthatyoubelievecouldhavedonebetter?Whatare

they?17. Whatareyourrecommendationstoimprovetheimpactoftheprojectinthefuture?


15


Surveyforbeneficiaries:localcommunitymembers&DialogueParticipants

survey TimeofStartingthesurvey TimeofFinishingthesurvey NameofInterviewer:IntervieweeName(optional)

InterviewPlace

Gender MaleFemale

Age1 Lessthan18 3 24-29 5 36-412 18-23 4 30-35 6 Morethan41


Education 1Primary 2Secondary 3Undergraduate 4Graduate

IntervieweestatusCitizenInternallydisplacedperson(IDP)Refugee


YesNo

Job/Capacity PhoneNumberOptional

Questions:1. HaveyouheardorparticipatedinanyactivitywithSearch’s“AFutureCalledPeace”project?

�Participate(gotoquestion3)�Heardbutnotparticipated.(gotoquestion2)�No(endtheinterview)

2. Ifyouheardbutdidnotparticipate,waswhatyouheard:�Positive�NegativePleaseexplain:____________________________________________(Gotoquestion4)

3. Whatprojectactivitiesdidyouparticipatein?Andhowusefulwerethey?Activities Veryuseful Somewhat

usefulLittleuseful Not useful

atallIf usefulhow? Ifnotusefulwhy?

Youth-ledDialogueProcesses


16


Community-basedInitiatives

4. Towhatextentdoyoufeeltheprojectwasrespondedtocurrentcommunityneedsinthecurrent

situation?Veryrelevant Somewhatrelevant Somewhatirrelevant Totallyirrelevant

5. IMsweregoodatreachingacommongroundamongparticipants?Totallyagree Somewhatagree Somewhatdisagree Totallydisagree

Ifimplementedbaseddisagreeortotallyagree(why?)6. To what extent did the activities you were involved in helping build /strengthen positive

relationshipswithyouthleaders?Activities Strengthened

verymuchSomewhatstrengthened

Notstrengthened

Totally notstrengthened

Youth-ledDialogueProcesses


7. Towhatextentdidtheprojecthelpincreasecollaborationamongcommunitymembers?Stronglyhelped Somewhathelped Slightlyhelped Didnothelpatall

8. Canyouprovideexamplesofpositivecollaborationthathappenedasaresultoftheproject?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. To what extent did the project activities that you involved in helped reduce conflict in yourcommunity

Activities Stronglyhelped

Somewhathelped

Slightlyhelped

Did nothelpatall

Youth-led DialogueProcesses


10. TowhatextentdoyouthinktheYouth-ledDialogueProcessesconductedbytheprojectwereeffectiveindealingwiththecommunityissues?

Veryeffective Somewhateffective Slightlyeffective Totallynoteffective


17


11. Towhatextentwere the interventions implementedbasedon theagreed-upon resultsof theYouth-ledDialogueProcesses?

toagreatextent toagoodextent toalittleextent Notatall

Ifnotatall,why?_______________________________________________________________

12. TowhatextentareyousatisfiedwiththeinterventionimplementedasaresultoftheYouth-ledDialogueProcesses?

Totallysatisfied Satisfied to someextent

Satisfied to someextent

TotallyDissatisfied

Ifyoutotallysatisfiedordissatisfiedexplainwhy:_______________________________________________________________


18


FocusgroupDiscussionQuestionsforInsiderMediator(Youthleaders)Questions:Relevance:

1. Doyouthinkthetraining▪ Respondtoyourneedsandcapacitiestotransformconflictswithoutviolence?Explainhow▪ Respondtoyourcommunityneedsornot?Pleaseexplainhow

Note:remindparticipantaboutthemainactivitiesoftheprojectsuchasYouthCapacityBuildingTraining (conflict resolution, conflict analysis, mediation and facilitation techniques),Youth-led Conflict Scans, Youth Peacebuilding Dialogue Design Training, Youth-led

DialogueProcesses,Community-basedInitiatives,andtheRegional-levelMeetingsEffectiveness:

2. Towhatextenthasyourabilitiesincreasedin:▪ conflictresolution,conflictanalysis,mediationandfacilitationtechniques▪ leadConflictScans▪ leadDialogueProcesses▪ raisingcommunity-levelsocialcohesion▪ identifyingandresolvinggrievancesandhowbesttoutilizewhatskillsyouhaveinthefuture

3. Doyouthinktheprojectcontributestoimprovedcollaborationamongyou(youth)andeldersinyourcommunity?Ifso,explainhow?

4. Doyouthinktheprojectcontributestoimprovedcommunity-levelsocialcohesion?Ifso,explainhow?

5. Are women sufficiently involved in the project activities? Did they have any role in conflicttransformationduringtheprojectwithinthecommunity?Ifyes,explaintheirrole

Sustainability:

6. Canyoumentionsomeof theotherconflicts thathavebeensuccessfullyaddressedusing theprojectmechanismsaftertheendoftheproject?Pleasegivedetails.

7. Willyoucontinueusingtheacquiredskillsaftertheproject?Howso?

8. Whatarethemajorfactorswhichinfluencetheachievementornon-achievementofsustainabilityofthisproject?Givesolutionstonon-achievementfactors.

Impact:9. Doestheprojectnegativelyorpositivelyinfluenceyouandyourcommunity?Pleaseexplainhow.10. Fromyourpointofviewwhathashappenedtoyourcommunityaftertheimplementationofthis

project11. Whatsuggestions/recommendationstoimprovesimilarprojectsinthefuture?Arethereother

personsororganizationsorgroupsofpersonsthatshouldhavebeenorshouldbemoreinvolvedintheproject?Pleaseexplainwhy


19


Annex4:DocumentsConsulted

Theevaluationreviewedavailableprojectdocuments,including:

- Sixquarterlyreports.- AmendedWorkplan.- BaselineStudy:AFutureCalledPeace-BaselineStudy.- MidTermevaluation:AFutureCalledPeace.- RevisedProgramNarrative:SEARCHCMMResumedFunding.- MonitoringandEvaluationLearningPlan.- ConflictScanReports:ToorAl-Baha,Al-Maqaterah,Al-SheikhOthmanandAl-Ma’aferdistricts.- Proposalsofcommunitydialogues.- Attendancesheetofallactivitiesinalldistricts.- PreandPost-trainingtests.- Community-basedinitiativesproposalsevaluations.- Conflictsscanproposals.