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A fungus is not a plant. Fungus Animal Plant Chitin yes yes no Food storage glycogen glycoge n starc h
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A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Dec 22, 2015

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Page 1: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

A fungus is not a plant.

Fungus Animal Plant

Chitin yes yes no

Food storage

glycogen glycogen starch

Page 2: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.
Page 3: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Multicellular fungi consist of mycelium,which are made up of strands called hyphae.

Hyphae have enormous surface areas.Absorbs food from environment.Prone to drying out.

Page 4: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Most of “body” of fungus is feeding structure.

Only reproductive body typically exposed to air.Thick, fleshy structure of “shroom” prevents drying out.

Page 5: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Reproductive structure produces spores

Page 6: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Ascomycetes havespores in sacs.

Basidiomycetes havespores on clubs.

Page 7: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

In fungi, cytoplasm of two individuals fuses, buttheir nuclei may remain separate for a long time.

Page 8: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungal phylogeny is a work in progress!No point in learning this now, will change.

Page 9: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Importance of Fungi:

1. Decomposers

2. Mycorrhizae

3. Lichens

4. Economic Impacts

Page 10: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi as decomposers

Basidiomycete fungi are the only organisms that can completely digest the lignin in wood.

Fungi serve an essential role in the carbon cycle.

Page 11: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Adaptations helping with decomposition:

1. Extracellular digestionOnly small molecules can cross plasma membranes.Secreted enzymes break down large molecules.

Page 12: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Adaptations helping with decomposition:

2. Lignin peroxidase

Enzyme catalyzes removalof a single electron; creating ahighly reactive atom.

“Enzymatic combustion”Uncontrolled oxidation reaction breaks up polymer.(Most enzymatic reactions veryspecific, but lignin itself highlyrandom).

Randomness of reaction means that E from oxidation can’t be harnessed.

Page 13: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Adaptations helping with decomposition:

3. Cellulose digestion

By cutting up lignin, fungigain access to cellulose.

The cellulase enzymesdigest cellulose into glucose, which can beused for food.

Page 14: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Importance of Fungi:

1. Decomposers

2. Mycorrhizae

3. Lichens

4. Economic Impacts

Page 15: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi as partners with plants: Mycorrhizae

Importance of mycorrhizae discovered in ‘70’s.Failure of pine plantations key observation.

Page 16: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi as partners with plants: Mycorrhizae

EM fungi on most trees in temperate & boreal forests.

Hyphae penetrate dead leaves, twigs.Release enzymes that cleave peptide bonds.Provide N to plant in exchange for C.

Page 17: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi as partners with plants: Mycorrhizae

AMF important in tropics and grasslands, on 80% of plants. Ancient; fossil from 400 mya.

Provide phosphorus to plant in exchange for C.

Page 18: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.
Page 19: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Importance of Fungi:

1. Decomposers

2. Mycorrhizae

3. Lichens

4. Economic Impacts

Page 20: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi as colonizers: lichens

Page 21: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Lichens are composed of fungal hyphae and a layer of autotrophic green algae or cyanobacteria

Colonize bare rock following glaciation.

First stage in soil building.

Page 22: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Importance of Fungi:

1. Decomposers

2. Mycorrhizae

3. Lichens

4. Economic Impacts

Page 23: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Of course, the most important economicimpacts are those already mentioned.

Page 24: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi rot crops.

Page 25: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

A fungus called ergot is associated with accusations of witchcraft.

Ergot poisoning causes convulsions, shaking, or spasmsand sometimes hallucinations or gangrene.Ergot is the original source from which LSD first isolated.

http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/LECT12.HTM

Page 26: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Fungi are thought to contribute to the worldwidedecline of amphibian populations.

Page 27: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

A fungus has caused the

virtual extinction of

the American chestnut.

Note the man, to show

scale.

Page 28: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

The first antibiotic was derived from Penicillium.

This is also the genus used to make blue cheeses.Penicillium roquefortii is used in the manufacture of blue cheeses e.g. Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, etc.During the fermentation process the fungus spores are injected into the curd. By the way, the blue in the blue-cheese is caused by the pigment in the spores of the fungus.So, when you eat blue cheese you are consuming spores by the million.http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Mushroom/English/Lives/index.html

Page 29: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Yeast is the workhorseof eukaryotegenetics.

Yeasts are also essential to the productionof wine, beer and bread.

Page 30: A fungus is not a plant. FungusAnimalPlant Chitinyes no Food storage glycogen starch.

Some fungi are just really cool.