A Framework for Business Process Architecture Brett Champlin, MBA, CSP/CCP VP Online Services, DAMA International Board of Directors & Vice President,

A Framework A Framework for for Business Process ArchitectureBusiness Process Architecture

Brett Champlin, MBA, CSP/CCP

VP Online Services, DAMA International Board of Directors & Vice President, ICCP

Adjunct Faculty, Heller College of Business, Roosevelt UniversityProcess Center of Expertise, Allstate Insurance Company

Business Integration & Web Services Conference – Chicago, April 22, 200322

Do you know where your processes are?Do you know where your processes are?• Are you doing Process Re-Design?

– Reengineering? Improvement?

• Are you implementing Workflow?– Document Management? Task Management?

• What’s a core process?– Support Process? Control Process?

• What’s the difference between a Process– Activity, Task, Operation, Method

• Where do you put all those process models and designs?

• Should you buy a Process Modeling, Process Engineering, or Business Process Management package?

Introduction

A Short Story

The ZachmanFramework

A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Business Process ArchitectureBusiness Process Architecture

• Business NOT Systems Architecture• Define the Key Terms and Components

– “the stack”

• Represent Key Points of View• Support Process Innovation Methods• Support Process Management Program• The Business “Blueprint”

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


A Short StoryA Short Story

The Three Stone Masons

• Imagine a 14th Century Monk

• An Encounter with 3 Stone Masons

• Carving Stones

• Building a Wall

• Building a Cathedral

• Context

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


A Process Architecture is built with models

as a house is built with stones

- but a collection of models is no more a

Process Architecture than a heap of stones is a

house.(with apologies to Poincare)

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion

“A rock pile ceases to be a rock pile

the moment a single man [sic] contemplates it,

bearing within him the image of a cathedral”

- Antoine de Saint Exupery, author and aviator (1900-1945)


The Zachman Information Systems ArchitectureThe Zachman Information Systems Architecture

BUSINESSSCOPEBUSINESSSCOPE

BUSINESSMODELBUSINESSMODEL

INFORMATIONSYSTEMSMODEL

INFORMATIONSYSTEMSMODEL

TECHNOLOGYMODELTECHNOLOGYMODEL

TECHNOLOGYDEFINITIONTECHNOLOGYDEFINITION

INFORMATIONSYSTEMINFORMATIONSYSTEM

List of things important to the business.

ENTITY: class of business thing

List of processes the business performs

PROCESS: class of business processes.

List of locations in which the business operates

NODE: business location.

DATADATA PROCESSPROCESS LOCATIONLOCATION

Business entities & their inter-relationships

Flows between business processes

Communications links between locations

ENTITY: business entityREL'SHIP: business rule

PROCESS: business processI/O: business resource (including information)

NODE: business unitLINK: business relationship (org., product, information)

Model of the business dataand inter-relationships

Flows between application functions

Distribution network

ENTITY: data entityRELTNSHIP: data relationship

NODE: I.S. function (processor, storage, etc.).LINK: line characteristics

Database Design System Design System Architecture

ENTITY: segment, row, recordRELTNSHP: pointer, key, index

Database Schema andSubschema Definition

Program Code and Control Blocks

Configuration Definition

ENTITY: fields, access privledgeRELTNSHP: access methods, addresses

Data Storage Structures and Access Mechanisms

Databases, data .....

Executable Code

Programs, jobs,transactions.....

System Configuration

Processors, networks,switches. monitors.....

Source: Zachman, John A.: “A Framework for Information Systems Architecture.” IBM Systems Journal. V26:N3 1987.

PROCESS: application functionI/O: user views (set of data elements).

PROCESS: computer functionI/O: screen/device formats

NODE: hardware/system softwareLINK: line specifications

PROCESS: source codeI/O: control blocks

NODE: addressesLINK: protocols

List of business responsibilities.

RESP.: class of business responsibilities

List of business events.

EVENT: class of significant business events.

List of business goals.

ENDS: mission(s)/goal(s).

ROLEROLE TIMINGTIMING MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Business Organization. Business Cycles. Business Strategies

RESP: work unit/structureWORK: business resources

EVENT: business eventCYCLE: lapse/lag

ENDS: goal(s)/mission(s)MEANS: tactics/plans

Model of the access requirements.

Model of the process control structure.

Service Support Environment

RESP: system privilegeWORK: access requirements

Access Design Processing Environment Availability Design

RESP: access authorizationsWORK: access group

Access Definition Job Processing Definition Performance Definition

RESP: access objectWORK: access profiles

Access Privileges

User-id’s, access controls .....

Processing Schedules

Batch jobs, transactions,run/rerun instructions .....

System Management Facilities

Monitoring facilities, problemmanagement .....

EVENT: logical process eventCYCLE: precedence/timing

EVENT: physical process eventCYCLE: processing calendar

ENDS: benchmark modelsMEANS: availability of windowsand measures

EVENT: transactions, job submittalCYCLE: job & region schedules

ENDS: benchmark targetsMEANS: benchmark testing, system monitoring/tuning

BUSINESSSCOPE

BUSINESSSCOPE

BUSINESSMODEL

BUSINESSMODEL

INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

MODEL

INFORMATIONSYSTEMS

MODEL

TECHNOLOGYMODEL

TECHNOLOGYMODEL

TECHNOLOGYDEFINITION

TECHNOLOGYDEFINITION

INFORMATIONSYSTEM

INFORMATIONSYSTEM

ENDS: service level agreementsMEANS: I/S plans & change tactics

----------------------

.. . ..

.

Mainframe

IBM AS/400

IBM Compatible

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


?WHAT

(product)is it

madeof?

?HOW(process)

doesit

function?

?WHERE

(place)

arethingslocated

?

?WHO(person)

isinvolved

?

?WHEN

(period)

dothingshappen

?

?WHY

(purpose)

arethingsdone

?

Focuses or TopicsFocuses or TopicsIntroduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


CONSUMER End Product or Usage View

SUB- CONTRACTOR Detail Representation or Out-of-Context View

BUILDER Technical Model or Physical Design View

DESIGNER System Model or Logical Design View

OWNER Business/Product Requirements or Conceptual View

PLANNER Scope or Context View

Perspectives or ViewsPerspectives or ViewsIntroduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


List of things

BusinessEntity Model

Logical DataModel

PhysicalData Model

DataDefinition

List ofProcesses

BusinessProcess

Model

ApplicationProcess

Model

ApplicationStructure

Chart

Program

List ofLocations

LogisticsNetwork

SystemNetwork

Model

NetworkTechnology

Model

NetworkComponents

List ofOrganization

Units

Work FlowModel

HumanInterface

Paradigm

PresentationArchitecture

InterfaceComponents

List ofEvents

MasterSchedule

ProcessingStructure

ControlStructure

TimingDefinition

List ofBusiness

Goals/Stat.

BusinessPlan

BusinessRule Model

Rule Design

RuleSpecification

DATABASE APPLICATION NETWORK ORGANIZATION SCHEDULE STRATEGY

WH

AT

HO

W

WH

ER

E

WH

O

WH

EN

WH

Y

CONTEXTUALScope

CONCEPTUALBusiness Model

LOGICALSystem Model

PHYSICALTechnology Model

OUT-OF-

CONTEXTComponents

PRODUCTFunctioning System

Zachman Framework for Enterprise ArchitectureZachman Framework for Enterprise ArchitectureIntroduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


WHY

(purpose)

Goal/Objective

Focuses for Process?Focuses for Process?

WHEN

(period)

Events

HOW

(process)

Processes

WHAT

(product)

Output

WHO

(person)

Role/Skills

WHERE

(place)

Facility

??

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Meta ModelMeta Model

PURPOSEPURPOSE

PEOPLEPEOPLE PLACEPLACE

PROCESSPROCESS

PRODUCTPRODUCT

PERIODPERIOD

Adapted from Don SoulsbyAdapted from Don Soulsby

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Standards

Instructions

Forms

Skills

ACTIVITY

PROCESS

SUB-PROCESS

TASK

What’s your process “stack”?What’s your process “stack”?Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Domain LayeringDomain Layering

Business

Operations

Technical


Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Perspectives or ViewsPerspectives or Views

OPERATOR Working System

BUILDER Applications Specification

DESIGNER Requirements Model

OPERATIONS Process Improvement

BUSINESS Business Redesign/Reengineering

ENTERPRISE Strategic Planning

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion

Business

Business

Dom

ainD

omain

Technology

TechnologyD

omain

Dom

ain


Procedural ModelProcedural Model

Operations ModelOperations Model

Workflow Systems ModelWorkflow Systems Model

Physical/Technical SpecificationsPhysical/Technical Specifications

Measurement & ControlMeasurement & Control

Business ModelBusiness Model

WHAT/WHAT/INPUTS & INPUTS & OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

WHAT/WHAT/INPUTS & INPUTS & OUTPUTSOUTPUTS

HOW/HOW/PROCESSES &PROCESSES &

TASKSTASKS

HOW/HOW/PROCESSES &PROCESSES &

TASKSTASKS

WHERE/WHERE/FACILITIES &FACILITIES &EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

WHERE/WHERE/FACILITIES &FACILITIES &EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

WHO/WHO/ROLE &ROLE &SKILLSSKILLS

WHO/WHO/ROLE &ROLE &SKILLSSKILLS

WHEN/WHEN/EVENTS &EVENTS &DURATIONDURATION

WHEN/WHEN/EVENTS &EVENTS &DURATIONDURATION

WHY/WHY/MOTIVATION &MOTIVATION &

METRICSMETRICS

WHY/WHY/MOTIVATION &MOTIVATION &

METRICSMETRICS

BUSINESSBUSINESSSCOPESCOPE

BUSINESSBUSINESSSCOPESCOPE

BUSINESSBUSINESSMODELMODEL

BUSINESSBUSINESSMODELMODEL

LOGICALLOGICALPROCESSPROCESS

MODELMODEL

LOGICALLOGICALPROCESSPROCESS

MODELMODEL

WORKFLOWWORKFLOWMODELMODEL

WORKFLOWWORKFLOWMODELMODEL

SPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATIONSPECIFICATION

PRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

ENTERPRISEENTERPRISEVIEWSVIEWS

ENTERPRISEENTERPRISEVIEWSVIEWS

DIRECTOR/DIRECTOR/OWNEROWNER

VIEWVIEW

DIRECTOR/DIRECTOR/OWNEROWNER

VIEWVIEW

ANALYST/ANALYST/DESIGNER DESIGNER

VIEWVIEW

ANALYST/ANALYST/DESIGNER DESIGNER

VIEWVIEW

BUILDER/BUILDER/MANAGERMANAGER

VIEWVIEW

BUILDER/BUILDER/MANAGERMANAGER

VIEWVIEW

OPERATOROPERATORVIEWVIEW

OPERATOROPERATORVIEWVIEW

MONITORMONITORVIEWVIEW

MONITORMONITORVIEWVIEW

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion

A Business Process FrameworkA Business Process Framework


Planning for ChangePlanning for Change

Business Domain Technology Domain

PROCESS

PLACE

PRODUCT

PEOPLE

APPLICATION

DISTRIBUTION

DATA

INTERFACE

Business Models Technical Models

StrategicPlans

INNOVATION

TECHNOLOGYPROJECTIONS

BusinessSystem

ALIGNMENT

Opportunities


Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


”...would you tell me, please which way I ought to go from here?"

"That depends a good deal on where you want to get to," said the Cat.

"I don't much care where----" said Alice.

"Then it doesn't matter which way you go," said the Cat.


Words of wisdomWords of wisdom

• “Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger context -

a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an environment, an environment in a city plan.”

- Eero Saarinen


We agree on what our processes are

We know how the processes interactwhat each process delivershow each process produces it’s

deliverableswhat skills are required for each processhow well each process performs

We can measure effectively and manage by these facts

We have an owner for each process

We will be managing by process when:

Goals of “Manage by Process”Goals of “Manage by Process”

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


What’s a Model?What’s a Model?

• A model is information• It contains:

– one or more pictures (diagrams)

– information about the objects & relationships on the diagram

– information about the relationships between objects in multiple diagrams

– information about how the thing it “models” behaves or performs

• It is a vehicle for understanding how things work

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Create the Process FrameworkCreate the Process Framework

• This is the overall solution to storing and managing enterprise process information

• We need this to support a process management program.

• We need this to support our Business Process Planning method and services

• It will support business analysis and reuse of business information (Strategic Integration)

• It will be the basis for maneuverability – agility – strategic repositioning

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Build a Process RepositoryBuild a Process Repository

The Framework is a “blueprint” for a

Business Process Model ‘Repository’

It is a map of the structure for the Business Process Model Repository

that can be used to store, locate, access, and navigate

through enterprise process information

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


How To Build ItHow To Build It

• Build the Organizing Structure (the Framework)– information model– structural hierarchies

• Build role-based Views – cross-structural perspectives – consistent levels of granularity

• Define Notation to express those views– the diagrams & the objects that appear on them

• Define techniques to develop the models– and the transitions between views

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Benefits of a Business Process RepositoryBenefits of a Business Process Repository

• With an Business Process Model Repository in place:– a project team will have a place to store the business models

they create for future reference

– the models can be integrated into an enterprise wide view

– the models can be used in defining systems requirements

– a process’s information is available to anybody, anytime

– the models can be used in change management

– The models can be used as reference guides

– the repository can be used to do impact analysis

– the models can be used in business planning

– the models can be used in IM planning

– the models can be used in training

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


Benefits of a Business Process FrameworkBenefits of a Business Process Framework

• Common Frame of Reference • Integrated views of processes• Consistent method of organization

– Persistent storage of process information• the models are available

• the models are in a consistent format

• A new powerful information resource for the organization to use in many new ways that were previously not available or feasible

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion


A Parting Thought...A Parting Thought...

Wisdom is knowing what to do next…

Skill is knowing how to do it, and…

Virtue is doing it!

- David Starr Jordan


Brett Champlin, CSP/CCPBrett Champlin, CSP/CCP

[email protected][email protected]@[email protected]

You may contact me You may contact me with any questions or feedback at:with any questions or feedback at:

Introduction

A Short Story


A BusinessProcess

Framework

The Goal

How to Build It

Benefits

Discussion

A Framework for Business Process Architecture Brett Champlin, MBA, CSP/CCP VP Online Services, DAMA International Board of Directors & Vice President,

Documents

business process framework

process models

process engineering

process activity

process modeling

core process

control process

zachman framework