A Dividing Nation 21.1 *Between 1820 and 1860 Americans had tried to make several compromises on the issue of slavery. *But slavery wasn’t a simple political issue. It was a deeply moral issue. *In this chapter you will learn how Americans tried to keep the United States together despite their deep divisions and answer the most important question of the time: could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave and half-free? QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
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A Dividing Nation 21.1 *Between 1820 and 1860 Americans had tried to make several compromises on the issue of slavery. *But slavery wasn’t a simple political.
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A Dividing NationA Dividing Nation
21.1*Between 1820 and 1860 Americans had tried to make several compromises on the issue of slavery.
*But slavery wasn’t a simple political issue. It was a deeply moral issue.
*In this chapter you will learn how Americans tried to keep the United States together despite their deep divisions and answer the most important question of the time: could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave and half-free?
21.1*Between 1820 and 1860 Americans had tried to make several compromises on the issue of slavery.
*But slavery wasn’t a simple political issue. It was a deeply moral issue.
*In this chapter you will learn how Americans tried to keep the United States together despite their deep divisions and answer the most important question of the time: could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave and half-free?
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
21.2 Confronting the Issue of Slavery21.2 Confronting the Issue of Slavery*1787 Northwest Ordinance establishes a process for forming new
states and banned slavery north of the Ohio River.
*By 1818, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois are admitted to the Union as free
states.
*Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana and Mississippi are admitted as
slave states.
*1819 Alabama and Missouri apply for statehood. Alabama is admitted as a
slave state, thus restoring a balance between slave and free state.
Questions about Missouri*Most of Missouri lay north of the point where the Ohio River flows into the
Mississippi, so people debate whether it should be admitted as a free or slave
state.
The Tallmadge Amendment*Proposes that Missouri enter the Union
as a free state.
*1787 Northwest Ordinance establishes a process for forming new
states and banned slavery north of the Ohio River.
*By 1818, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois are admitted to the Union as free
states.
*Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana and Mississippi are admitted as
slave states.
*1819 Alabama and Missouri apply for statehood. Alabama is admitted as a
slave state, thus restoring a balance between slave and free state.
Questions about Missouri*Most of Missouri lay north of the point where the Ohio River flows into the
Mississippi, so people debate whether it should be admitted as a free or slave
state.
The Tallmadge Amendment*Proposes that Missouri enter the Union
as a free state.QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
21.2 continued…21.2 continued…Deadlocked Congress*Both North and South want Missouri to enter the Union intheir favor, either free or slave state.*The North has more representatives in the House.*In the Senate both North and South have equal voting power.*House votes to approve the Tallmadge Amendment.*Southerners are able to defeat it in the Senate.*By the end of 1819 Congress is deadlocked over the issue ofslavery in Missouri.
James Tallmadge
Deadlocked Congress*Both North and South want Missouri to enter the Union intheir favor, either free or slave state.*The North has more representatives in the House.*In the Senate both North and South have equal voting power.*House votes to approve the Tallmadge Amendment.*Southerners are able to defeat it in the Senate.*By the end of 1819 Congress is deadlocked over the issue ofslavery in Missouri.
James Tallmadge
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Test PrepTest Prep
• Missouri’s application for statehood in 1819 raised the issue of whether slavery
• A) was constitutional anywhere.• B) should be allowed in the Louisiana Territory.• C) could be abolished peacefully.• D) should be banned in the nation’s capital.
• Answer: B) should be allowed in the Louisiana Territory.
• Missouri’s application for statehood in 1819 raised the issue of whether slavery
• A) was constitutional anywhere.• B) should be allowed in the Louisiana Territory.• C) could be abolished peacefully.• D) should be banned in the nation’s capital.
• Answer: B) should be allowed in the Louisiana Territory.
21.3 The Missouri Compromise21.3 The Missouri Compromise*When Congress returns in 1820 Maine is also now asking to be
admitted into the Union as a free state.
*Congress finally agrees to a compromise that will admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Congress also draws an imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory at 36*30’ latitude that bans slavery north of that line forever.
*When Congress returns in 1820 Maine is also now asking to be admitted into the Union as a free state.
*Congress finally agrees to a compromise that will admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Congress also draws an imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory at 36*30’ latitude that bans slavery north of that line forever.
• Answer: D) Made Brown a hero among abolitionists.
• John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry
• A) triggered a widespread slave rebellion.
• B) was widely approved across the South.
• C) was condemned by Abraham Lincoln.
• D) made Brown a hero among abolitionists.
• Answer: D) Made Brown a hero among abolitionists.
21.8 Continued…21.8 Continued…Election of 1860
*Republicans unite behind Lincoln.
*Democrats split between Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge
of Kentucky.
*Group called the Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell of
Tennessee.
*Abraham Lincoln wins with overwhelming support in the North.
*Southerners see this as the last straw because they fear Lincoln
will abolish slavery altogether.
*L-R clockwise:
Douglas,
Breckinridge,
Bell, Lincoln.
Election of 1860
*Republicans unite behind Lincoln.
*Democrats split between Stephen Douglas and John C. Breckinridge
of Kentucky.
*Group called the Constitutional Union Party nominates John Bell of
Tennessee.
*Abraham Lincoln wins with overwhelming support in the North.
*Southerners see this as the last straw because they fear Lincoln
will abolish slavery altogether.
*L-R clockwise:
Douglas,
Breckinridge,
Bell, Lincoln.
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Test PrepTest Prep• The election of 1860 showed how• A) deeply divided the nation was over slavery.• B) popular Lincoln was in the North and the
South.• C) little support abolitionists had in the North.• D) eager Americans were to end the debate over
slavery.
• Answer: A) deeply divided the nation was over slavery.
• The election of 1860 showed how• A) deeply divided the nation was over slavery.• B) popular Lincoln was in the North and the
South.• C) little support abolitionists had in the North.• D) eager Americans were to end the debate over
slavery.
• Answer: A) deeply divided the nation was over slavery.
21.9 Secession21.9 Secession
*Dec. 20th, 1860 Lincoln states that he will not interfere with slavery in
the South.
But he also states that he will enforce the Fugitive Slave Law and that
he will not allow slavery in the territories.
*That same day South Carolina votes to leave the Union. Six more
states soon follow South Carolina’s lead.
Civil War
*March 4, 1861 Lincoln becomes president.
*April 12, 1861 rebels fire on Fort Sumter
in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.
*The fort falls after 33 hours.
*Stars and Stripes replaced with
a flag of surrender.
*The Civil War Begins.
*Dec. 20th, 1860 Lincoln states that he will not interfere with slavery in
the South.
But he also states that he will enforce the Fugitive Slave Law and that
he will not allow slavery in the territories.
*That same day South Carolina votes to leave the Union. Six more
states soon follow South Carolina’s lead.
Civil War
*March 4, 1861 Lincoln becomes president.
*April 12, 1861 rebels fire on Fort Sumter
in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.
*The fort falls after 33 hours.
*Stars and Stripes replaced with
a flag of surrender.
*The Civil War Begins.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Test PrepTest Prep• What event turned the secession crisis into a
civil war?• A) the election of Lincoln as president.• B) John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.• C) South Carolina’s shelling of Fort Sumter.• D) the attack of Preston Brooks on Charles
Sumner.
• Answer: C) South Carolina’s shelling of Fort Sumter.
• What event turned the secession crisis into a civil war?
• A) the election of Lincoln as president.• B) John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.• C) South Carolina’s shelling of Fort Sumter.• D) the attack of Preston Brooks on Charles
Sumner.
• Answer: C) South Carolina’s shelling of Fort Sumter.