A Detailed Lesson Plan in Biology(Kingdom Animalia)
I. Objectives:Given a set of activities, the students should be
able to attain at least 75% proficiency and should be able to:A.
list four traits of animals;B. identify the nine major phyla of
animals and give an example of each; andC. describe the major
characteristics of each nine phyla of animals.II. Subject
Matter:Topic: The Animal KingdomA. Materials Powerpoint
presentation Chalk and board Cellphone Illustration boards for A
& D Statements(motivation)
B. ReferencesScience: Learners Module, Vibal Publishing House,
Inc., pages 248-266.Kaskel Albert, Hummer Jr. Paul J., Daniel Lucy,
Glencoe Biology: An Everyday Experience McGraw Hill pages
134-174.
III. Procedure:Teachers activityStudents activity
A. PreparationGood morning class!Before we start our session for
today, I would like you to align your chairs horizontally and
vertically and see to it that there are no pieces of paper or
plastics on the floor.Are all of you present today?B. MotivationAre
you familiar with the game HAVEY & WALEY? If that so, I will
explain it how will you going to do. When we say HAVEY it means yes
and when we say WALEY it means no. I am going to read statements
which are answerable by HAVEY or WALEY. When you know the answer,
you will stamp your feet 3 times, clap your hands 3 times and shout
your answer. The fastest group who can answer correctly will get 10
points. Understand?(the teacher will group the students into
3)Okay, you have with you now your group members. Select a leader
and write your names in a sheet of paper.This is your first
question.1. Is a starfish a fish?Very good! 2nd question2. Is coral
an animal?Correct! 3rd question.3. Most animals have symmetry.Thats
right1 4th question.4. Do sharks have bone?Youre correct! 5th
question5. Animals are multicellular.Thats right! 6th question.6.
They have cell wall.Very good! Last question.7. Animals are
organisms that can make their own food.
C. Lesson properWhat have you noticed when we were having a
game? What is all about our topic for today? Yes. Alright! It seems
that all of you are kin observers. At this point in time, we will
discuss about kingdom animalia. What are the four traits of
animals? Yes.
Thats right! Animals really cant make their own food. It means
they are Heterotrophs. The cells of animals make up tissues and
organs that form systems or they are multicellular. They have no
cell wall. They are organism with membrane -bound nucleus
(Eukaryotic). All animals belong to one of two groups- the
vertebrates and the invertebrates.What are vertebrates and
invertebrates? Yes.
Exactly! People and the animals most closely related to us, such
as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and other mammals and these
are vertebrates. Worms and insects are examples of invertebrates.
What is symmetry? Yes.
Thats right! Only a few very simple animals do not show
symmetry. These animals grow in variety of shapes. There are two
types of symmetry. What are they? Yes.Exactly! In radial symmetry,
the body parts are arranged in a circle around a center point. The
sea anemone is an example of an animal that has radial symmetry.
All vertebrates and some invertebrates have bilateral symmetry. In
an animal with bilateral symmetry, the body can be divided
lengthwise into two equal sides, a right side and a left side.For
us to identify the nine major phyla of Kingdom animalia, lets have
a game. So this game is called decoding the number. I will be
giving you numbers that you have to decode. We will use cell phone
for us to identify what is being decoded. While having a game, well
have a brief discussion after we identified each phylum using
powerpoint presentation.For
example:22-444-666-555-666-4-444-222-2-555 space
7777-222-444-33-66-222-33-7777Answer: Biological SciencesDid you
understand my instruction?Okay lets start the game. Are you ready!I
will give you 1 minute to decode the number.1. 7-44-999-555-88-6
space 7-666-777-444-333-33-777-2Time is up! What is the answer?
Yes.Very good! Its phylum porifera. What are the characteristics of
phylum porifera? Yes.
Absolutely! (the teacher will show pictures of phylum
porifera)Phylum porifera (sponges) are so called pore-bearing
animals. They have pores, have skeleton of silicon or calcium
containing spicules or their skeleton made of spicules
(endoskeleton), have body cavity and have osculum, large opening at
the top of the sponge body. And most especially they are
asymmetrical, it means no symmetry. Since sponges cant move, how do
they get food? Yes
Thats right! next decode the number2. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space
222-66-444-3-2-777-444-2-66-7777Time is up! What is the answer?
Yes.Thats right! They are consisting of animals whose tentacles
contain stinging cells called nematocysts. What are the major
characteristics of cnidarians? Yes.
Very good! Phylum Cnidarians have two body forms and these are
medusa and polyp. Stinging-cell animals have radial symmetry and
saclike bodies made of two cell layers. A jellylike layer lies
between the two layers. Inside the body of each animal is a body
cavity. The cavity has one opening called the mouth. The only way
into and out of the body is through the mouth.How then do they get
food? Yes. Thats right! Addendum, phylum cnidarians reproduce
asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. next decode the
number decode the number3. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space
7-555-2-8-999-44-33-555-6-444-66-8-44-33-7777Time is up! Whats the
answer? Yes.Youre correct! When you hear the word worm, you
probably think of an earthworm, but there are many different kinds
of worms. So what is phylum Platyhelminthes? Yes.
Absolutely! Worms are more complex than sponges and
stinging-cell animals. Flatworms are the simplest worms. They have
a flattened body and three layers of cells. These layers include
the outer, an inner layer and a thick, middle layer. Organs and
systems develop from cells of the middle layer. As what you have
said that flatworms are parasites. Remember that parasites are live
in or on other living things and get food from them. The organism
that provides the food is the host. Some flatworms can cause
serious problems. What is the common freshwater flatworm that is
not a parasite and it has less than one centimetre long? Yes.Thats
right! decode the number4. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space
66-33-6-2-8-666-3-2Time is up! Whats the answer? Yes.Correct! One
example of the Phylum Nematoda is the roundworms. Will you describe
the characteristics of nematode? Yes.
Very good! The free-living ones are important as they are
decomposers in the soil in both marine and freshwaters and a lot of
them are found in decaying organic matter. Phylum nematode is also
bilateral symmetry just like the other phyla. They have mouth and
anus. They live in soil and some are parasitic.decode the number5.
7-44-999-555-88-6 space 2-66-66-33-555-444-3-2Time is up! Whats the
answer? Yes. Youre correct! Also known as annelids, these animals
are characterized by a segmented or repeated body parts. Who can
briefly characterize the phylum annelida? Yes. Thats right! In
addendum, annelids have nervous, circulatory, digestive and
excretory systems. One example of annelids is earthworms and
leeches. Are we benefited? Why? Yes.
Absolutely! Leeches secrete an anti-clotting chemical that has
been used in medicine. Earthworms take soil through their mouths.
Soil contains decayed matter, such as dead leaves, insects and
seeds. These things are food for the earthworm. The soil itself is
not food and passes through the anus. Earthworms move large amounts
of soil from place to place by passing it through their bodies.
They enrich the soil and loosen it, helping plants grow.Annelids
are also bilateral symmetry and they reproduce through internal
fertilization or sexual reproduction.6. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space
33-222-44-444-66-666-3-33-777-6-2-8-2Time is up! Whats the answer?
Yes.Thats right! You can be fascinated by the star-shaped sea star
of the spine-studded sea urchin and the appearance of the sand
dollar. Along with the brittle star and the sea cucumber, they
belong to Phylum Echinodermata.What are the characteristics of
Echinodermata? Yes.
Very good! Phylum Echinodermata have hard bodies covered with
spines, have no head nor tails and have no left nor right and have
mouth and anus at its top and bottom ends.Sea stars have the
ability to regenerate. A cut arm easily regrows into a new sea
star. What type or reproduction is this? Yes.Thats right! What part
of their body they used to get their food, moving around and gas
exchange? Yes.Alright! A sea cucumber is dried and used as
ingredient for chopsuey and soups.decode the number7.
7-44-999-555-88-6 space 6-666-555-555-88-7777-222-2 Time is up!
Whats the answer? Yes. Correct! So, what is all about the Phylum
Mollusca? Yes.
Exactly! Of course they have no skeleton because they are
soft-bodied animals. They are bilateral symmetry. They are both
reproduce through internal and external fertilization (Sexual and
asexual). What body is covered by a thin, fleshy tissue? Yes.Thats
right! The mantle makes the shell. The shell is the outermost
covering. It protects the soft body. Soft-bodied animals have a
muscular foot for moving from place to place.What do we mean by
univalves and bivalves? Yes. Exactly. And I know that most of you
are very familiar with these phylum mollusca. Many mollusk species
are utilized as food like tahong (mussels), talaba (oyster), halaan
(clam), scallops, and kuhol or suso to name some. Ant other species
are made into decorative items.decode the number8.
7-44-999-555-88-6 space 2-777-8-44-777-666-7-666-3-2Time is up!
Whats the answer? Yes.Youre correct! Have you observed what
grasshoppers, spiders, crabs and centipedes have in common? If you
take a look at each of these you will notice that they have jointed
legs. These animals belong to Phylum Arthropoda. What do they
characterize? Yes.
Exactly! Their exoskeleton is made of chitin. They are animals
with Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow. Phylum Arthropoda
divided into 5 class and these are: Class Crustacea- Five pairs of
legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs
of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per segment Class
Diplopoda- Two pair of legs per segment Class crustaceans form one
group of arthropods which includes water fleas, crabs, shrimps,
lobsters and barnacles. They have hard exoskeletons and have
mandible to bite and grind food.Class insect form the largest group
among the arthropods. They have three body sections, three pairs of
legs, a pair of antenna and one to two pairs of wings.What insects
do you familiar with? Yes
Alright! 3rd class is the class arachnida (arachnids). They have
2 body sections, most with four pairs of legs and mouthparts are
called chelicerae and pedipalps. They use book lungs to
respire.Will you give me an example that you see around your house
or outside your house? Yes. Very good! Spiders with thin and
flexible exoskeleton are the largest members of the group.And
lastly the class chilopoda and diplopoda or the millipedes and
centipedes. They are close relatives of insects have long, wormlike
segmented bodies. They have a pair of antenna and each segment bear
a pair or two legs.decode the number9. 7-44-999-555-88-6 space
222-44-666-777-3-2-8-2 Time is up! Whats the answer? Yes.The
chordate phylum is probably the most familiar to you. The
structures and ways of life of these animals are most like yours.
They are your food, your pets, farm animals, the animals you see
all around you. Chordates live in water as well as on land. Some
chordates, such as bats and birds are able to fly. You, too, belong
to this phylum.How do you identify chordate? Yes.
Exactly! Phylum chordates Have a notochord at certain stage of
their life cycle; have gill slits and a tail at a stage in their
development.However, there are lower chordates that do not have a
backbone. Examples are the tunicates and lancelets.Three of the
seven vertebrate classes are fish. All fish have certain traits in
common. Will you give some characteristics of fish? Yes.
Thats right! Cold-blooded means having a body temperature that
changes with the temperature of the surroundings. Fish have gills
on each side of the throat region. There are three different
classes of fish in the chordate phylum. What are they? Yes.Exactly!
Jawless fish are fish that have no jaws and are not covered with
scales. The skeletons of jawless fish are made of cartilage.What
are the examples of jawless fishes? Yes. Thats right! Lampreys have
tubelike bodies covered with slime that protects the skin. They
dont have paired fins. The hagfish is a wormlike and use a
toothlike tongue to eat dead organisms.Next is the cartilaginous
fish. What are they? Yes.
Thats right! an examples of cartilage fish are the sharks and
rays. Some of them eat floating planktons while others feed on
invertebrates at the bottom of seas and oceans.And lastly bony
fish. These are the fishes that have an endoskeleton made of hard,
calcium material called bone. Bony fishes are more familiar to you
like bangus (milkfish), tuna, goldfish, and tilapia.Amphibians
include frogs, toads, and salamanders. What is an amphibian?
Yes.Very good! Usually, young amphibians live in water and adult
amphibians live mostly on land. Both frogs and toads jump. Frogs
and toads eat worms, insects or small animals. And generally,
amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates. The state of being
inactive during cold weather is called hibernation.What are
reptiles? Yes.
Very good! Some traits of reptiles are cold-blooded vertebrates
with a backbone and an endoskeleton. Most reptiles can move
quickly.Examples of reptiles are the following:1. Lizards and
snakes2. Crocodiles and alligators3. Bodies of turtles and
tortoisesIf reptiles are adapted to fly. Characteristics of birds
that enable them to fly include: presence of wings and feathers,
large flight muscles in the breast bone and reduced weight. Aside
from the characteristics of birds that enable them to fly, what
else do you know about their traits? Yes.
Thats right! Warm-blooded means controlling the body temperature
so that it stays about the same no matter what the body temperature
of the surroundings. Feathers help the body keep a constant body
temperature. Birds have no teeth, what part of their body they use
to get food? Yes.Exactly! Birds have beaks that they use to get
food. Birds are important to us in many ways. Will you site some
instances that birds help us to a real life situation? Yes.
Thats right! Chickens and ducks provide eggs and meat. Some
people have birds as pets. Many people enjoy watching and feeding
wild birds. And lastly mammals. I know that all of you are very
familiar with mammals right? So, what are mammals then? What traits
do they have? Yes.
Exactly! A mammal is an animal that has hair and feeds milk to
its young. You are mammal. What do we mean by marsupials?
Yes.Exactly! Kangaroos and opossums are pouched mammals. After
birth, the young are kept inside pouches and are nourished with the
milk from the mammary glands within these pouches. What are
eutherians? Yes.
Now that you have studied the entire animal kingdom. What phylum
do you belong? Yes.Absolutely! Remember that you are also a
chordate and a mammal. The name of your genus is Homo. Your species
name is sapiens. These means make up the scientific name of humans,
Homo sapiens. The Latin word Homo means man and sapiens means wise.
Together Homo sapiens means wise man.D. GeneralizationBefore you
take the quiz, do you have any question?Okay lets summarize what we
have discussed today.
Good morning Sir!
(Students follow the instructions.)
Yes sir.
No sir.
Yes sir.
(the leader of the group will write their group names)
(WALEY)
(HAVEY)
(HAVEY)
(HAVEY)
(HAVEY)
(WALEY)
(WALEY)
KINGDOM ANIMALIA sir!
Animals cant make their own food. Most animals can move from
place to place. Most animals have symmetry. And lastly animals have
many cells.
Vertebrates are those animals with backbones while invertebrates
are those animals without backbones.
Symmetry is the balanced arrangement of body parts around a
center point or along a center line.
Radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry sir.
Yes sir.Yes sir.
Phylum Porifera sir.
Phylum porifera are the simplest animals and they live in
shallow and deep oceans.
All sponges must live in water. Water has small organisms in it
that sponges can use for food. The pores in the sponge allow water
and any food in the water to flow into the animal.
Phylum cnidarians
Cnidarians are radial symmetry and they are hollow-bodied
animals. Many stinging-cell animals have armlike parts called
tentacles.
They catch it with their tentacles.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
They are unsegmented worms. They are long ribbon-shaped worms.
They are free living while others are parasitic and live in
freshwater or sea water.
Planarian sir.
Phylum Nematoda sir.
They are long, cylindrical and slender bodies. And some
roundworms are free-living while others are parasites of animals
and plants.
Phylum Annelida sir!
Phylum Annelida are those most are burrowers in the sand and
some are hermaphrodite.
Yes because leeches use to be used in medicine to clean blood as
well as earthworms also aerate the soil and the castings serve as
fertilizer.
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Echinodermata are also radial symmetry, they live in
marine environment and they have a dermal skeleton with spines and
plates.
Asexual reproduction
Tube feet
Phylum Mollusca sir!
Phylum Mollusca are soft-bodied animals, have protective shells
and have a mantle which secretes the shells.
Mantle sir.
Univalves mean they have only one-part shell while bivalves have
two-part shells.
Phylum Arthropoda sir!
Arthropods have jointed legs, have exoskeleton, have segmented
bodies with 2 or 3 regions and most have antennae.
Dragonflies, grasshoppers, aphids and butterflies.
Spiders, mites and ticks sir.
Phylum Chordata sir!
A chordate is an animal that, at some time in its life, has a
tough, flexible rod along its back. The chordate phylum is named
for this trait.
Fish are cold-blooded vertebrates that live in water and breathe
with gills.
Jawless fish, cartilaginous fish and bony fish.
Lampreys and hagfish sir.
Cartilage fish are fish in which the entire skeleton is made of
cartilage. They have no bone. Unlike the jawless fish, cartilage
fish have jaws, toothlike scales, and paired fins. Sharks and rays
are cartilage fish.
An amphibian is an animal that lives part its life in water and
another part of its life on land.
Reptiles are animals that exhibit more adaptations for living on
land. They lay eggs with shells to protect them from drying. They
also have smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of body
water.
Birds are warm-blooded. Like reptiles, birds have scales, but
the scales are only on their legs.
Their beaks.
They help farmers by eating insects and the seeds of weeds. Some
birds eat rats and mice.
Mammals differ from other animals because they have mammary
glands that produce milk to nourish their young and most have hair
or fur. They breathe in air, have four-chambered hearts and are
warm-blooded. Most of them also give birth to live young and care
for them.
They are the pouched mammals that also give birth to live
young.
Eutherians comprise the largest group of mammals. Known as the
placental mammals, they bear fully developed young inside mothers
uterus.
Phylum Chordata sir.
None sir.We tackled about the traits of animals have. We also
came to identify those nine phyla of animal kingdom using our
cellphones(game) and we were able to characterize each. We also
came to scrutinize the presence or importance of these nine phyla
in our daily living.
IV. EvaluationAnimal classificationUse the following terms to
complete the idea map: many cells; tissues, organs, systems;
bilateral; invertebrates; food; vertebrates; move; radial.Cannot
make their own ___________.
Most can _______from place to place.
Multicellular made of ____________.
Traits
ANIMALSCells organized into
_____________________________._______
Symmetry _________or _________.
____________ without backbones.
Classification____________ with backbones.
1. What traits make animals different from other living
things?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________.2.
What are the 2 groups of animals?_____________________________.3.
What is radial
symmetry?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.4.
What is bilateral
symmetry?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.5.
How do scientists decide in which phylum an animal
belongs?________________________________________________.6. Which
phylum of animals has the largest number of
species?_______________________________________________.
VERTEBRATESOn the line beneath each picture, write a letter from
the list below for every trait that the animal has. Then answer the
question.
a. Cold-bloodedh. has feathersb. Warm-bloodedi. females have
mammary glandsc. Lives in waterj. has haird. Has a swim bladderk.
has gillse. Lives on landl. has endoskeletonf. has scalem. has gill
flapsg. Has a beakn. has lungs
Which trait do all vertebrates have?
_______________________________.IDENTIFICATIONDirection: Read the
following statements and give what is asking for.1. A cut arm
easily regrows into a new sea star. What type or reproduction is
this?2. In Phylum Echinodermata, what part of their body they used
to get their food, moving around and gas exchange?3. This is used
as an ingredient for chopsuey and soups.4. This organism is a
one-part shell.5. They are the five pairs of legs.6. They form the
largest group among the arthropods.7. They are fish that have no
jaws and are not covered with scales.8. They are the pouched
mammals that also give birth to live young.9. It is also known as
the placental mammals.10. Homo sapiens mean
_________________.MODIFIED TRUE/FALSEDirection: Write T if the
underlined word is correct otherwise change the underlined word if
its false.1. Animals are prokaryotic.2. Multicellular is an
organism that composed of many cells.3. Animals are organism that
can make their own food.4. All animals belong to one of two
groups-the vertebrates and the invertebrates.5. Vertebrates are
those animals without backbones.6. Vertebrates are those animals
with backbones.7. Asymmetry is the balanced arrangement of body
parts around a center point or along a center line.8. Radial
symmetry is the body parts that arranged in a circle around a
certain point.9. Bilateral symmetry is body that can be divided
crosswise into two equal sides, a right side and a left side.10.
Phylum Porifera are so called pore-bearing animals.11. Phylum
Cnidarians are bilateral symmetry.12. Most Phylum Porifera is
asymmetrical. 13. Flatworms are short ribbon-shaped worms.14.
Nematodes live in soil and some are parasites.15. Some annelids are
hermaphrodite.16. Sea stars have the ability to regenerate.17.
Phylum Mollusca are hard-bodied animals and they are bilateral
symmetry.18. Class crustaceans have hard endoskeletons and have
mandible to bite and grind food.19. Class arachnids have two body
sections.20. Phylum Chordata has gill slits and a tail at a stage
in their development.V. Assignment1. How will you describe an
ecosystem with low biodiversity?2. What is the importance of
biodiversity to ecosystems?
Mariano Marcos State UniversityCOLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATIONLaoag
City
A Detailed Lesson PlanInBiology
Topic: Kingdom AnimaliaDate of Teaching: February 3-7, 2014
Submitted by:Ronel Medina Batangan(Student Teacher)
Submitted to:Mrs. Michelle R. Manere(Cooperating Teacher)
Second semesterSY 2013-2014