a. Describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas.

The Lasting Impact of Europeans:

Religion, Language and Slavery

a. Describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas.

Slavery in the Americas

• Shortage of labor in Americas led to beginning of Atlantic slave trade.

• Farmers and plantation owners first used Native Americans; European diseases and warfare killed millions of Native Americans.

• Workers were still needed on sugar, tobacco, and other types of plantations which brought about the Africa slave trade in the Americas.

Between the 1500s and the 1800s, 10 – 20 millions of Africans were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas.

1. Why did European rulers bring Africans to the New World?

• Shortage of labor • diseases and warfare killed millions of Native

Americans• Workers were still needed plantations

2. What is the estimated number of Africans who were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas?

• 10 – 20 million

Were you paying attention??!!

10 to 20 Million EnslavedBrazil

4 - 10 millionSpanish Empire

2 - 5 millionCaribbean

3 – 6 millionNorth America

.5 – 1 million

1. From which region were most African slaves taken?

Western Africa

2. Which colony imported the most African slaves?

Brazil

Seriously, you need to pay attention!!

Triangular Slave Trade

Encomienda System

Encomienda system – a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.

What was the Encomienda System?

SOCIAL HIERARCHYWho had the most power? The least?

P

C

M

I & A

Peninsulares:Native Spaniards

Criolles:People of pureEuropean bloodBut born in theNew World

MestizoesIndian +European blood

Mulattos:African +European blood

Indians and AfricansCAUSES

M

Who had the most power?

Who had the least power?

Top social class – Peninsulares granted large estates called haciendas where they could grow crops, raise cattle and other farm animals for sale of products/trade

Peninsulares were identified as Spanish Born, from Spanish Parents (pure bloods from the home country)

Were only ones who could hold high public office (mayor, etc)

Distribution of land, wealth, privileges

Give me some facts about the Peninsulares

Second class below the Peninsulares were the Criollos (Creoles)

They were of pure Spanish Blood but were born in New Spain (Mexico) rather than in Spain.

Could not hold the same level of public office and were not granted the Haciendas from the king, but could inherit the land from their parents if they were Peninsulares

Distribution of land, wealth, privileges

Give me some facts about the Criollos (Creoles)

Mestizos - Mixed blood of European and a Native Indian

Because they had some “pure blood” they were considered above any “non-pure-blood” person.

These were the working class people of the society, mainly in small towns and communities.

Mulattos – Mixed blood of European and an African Slaves

Not the lowest place in society because they were not purely slave

Lower classes

Give me some facts about the MestizosGive me some facts about the Mulattos

Captured Aztec, other Native Indian Tribes, and Slaves from Africa

Used for labor with essentially no rightsUnder Encomienda System, “labor” was

to be treated fairly, with shelter, food, and living supplies but rarely was fair

Spain wanted to reduce any chance of over-throw by rebellious groups

Lowest Class

Give me some facts about the slaves and indigenous people (Native Americans)

Peninsulares

Peninsulares Creole

sCreole

s

MestizosMestizos MulattosMulattos

Native IndiansNative Indians

Black SlavesBlack Slaves

Based on Blood and birth location

Granted land, political office and voting rights

Inherit land, still considered upper class

No inheritance Lowest of the middle class

No rights whatsoeverNo rightswhatsoever

b. Describe the influence of the Spanish and the Portuguese on the language and religions of Latin America.

As result of slave trade, people of African descent spread throughout Americas and Western Europe

Spread called African Diaspora

Eventually led to spread of African culture —music, art, religion, food — throughout the Western World

Slaves and other ethnic groups blended

Spread of Culture

The term Latin America refers to the origin of the languages Spanish and Portuguese from Ancient Roman Empire.

These languages are spoken widely throughout Latin America as a result of European colonization of the region.

Languages of Latin America

There are two main languages spoken throughout Latin America Portuguese-

BrazilSpanish- in most

other countries

What are the two major languages in Latin America?

Spanish and Portuguese. Portuguese is the official

language of Brazil

What is the major religion in Latin America?

Roman Catholicism