A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN STUDENTS MASTERY OF PAST TENSE AND THEIR ABILITY IN EXPRESSING PAST ACTIVITIES IN WRITING (A Case of Eleventh Grade of SMA 1 Kudus in the Academic Year 2006/ 2007) A Final Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English by MOH NUR AMPRI SURYANTO 2201402017 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMARANG 2007
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A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN STUDENTS MASTERY
OF PAST TENSE AND THEIR ABILITY IN EXPRESSING
PAST ACTIVITIES IN WRITING
(A Case of Eleventh Grade of SMA 1 Kudus in the Academic Year
2006/ 2007)
A Final Project
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English
by
MOH NUR AMPRI SURYANTO
2201402017
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMARANG
2007
APPROVAL
The final project was approved by the Board of Examiners of the English
Department of the Faculty of Languages and Arts of Semarang State University
on july, 2007
Board of Examiners:
1. Chairperson
Prof. Dr. Rustono, M. Hum
NIP. 131281222
2. Secretary
Dr. Dwi Anggani, L.B. M.Pd
NIP. 131813665
3. First Examiner
Drs. Ahmad Sofwan, Ph.D
NIP. 131813664
4. Second Advisor as Second Examiner
Drs. Suprapto, M. Hum
NIP. 131125925
5. First Advisor as Third Examiner
Dra. Dwi Rukmini, M.Pd
NIP. 130529839
Approved by
Dean of Faculty of Languages and Arts.
Prof. Dr. Rustono, M. Hum
NIP. 131281222
iii
Trust Yourself You Know More than You Think You Do
(Benjamin Spock)
Sometimes, Fate is What You Make It
It may happen that ye hate a thing which is good for you, and it may
happen that ye love a thing which is bad for you. ALLAH knoweth, ye
know not (Al-Baqarah: 216)
iv
DEDICATION
The final project is dedicated to:
My beloved father and mother who always give me everlasting warm
love.
My two brothers and my one sister for the support and inspiration.
All my big family members for the smile and spirit.
My special friends in dershane for the true knowledge and friendship.
Love and faith which wisely share and teach me how to life.
My all friends indeed for the honesty and kindness you pour in. You
are the best.
v
ABSTRACT
The final project is about a correlation study between students’ mastery of past tense and their ability in expressing their past activities in writing, a case study of eleventh grade students of SMA I Kudus in the academic year of 2006/2007. The objectives of the study are to find out the students mastery of past tense and the students abilities in expressing past activities in writing, and also to find out whether or not there is a correlation between the students mastery of past tense and their abilities in expressing past activities in writing. This study is a case study and the population of this study is the eleventh grade students of SMA I Kudus in the academic year of 2006/2007. The sampling process was administered by applying a purposive sampling technique. There were 400 students of the eleventh grade and I took 40 students as the sample. I administered two kinds of tests, namely Grammar Test and Writing Test. Both of the tests were in written form. In Grammar Test, I used Multiple Choice test, while in writing test, I emphasized students to retell their past activities into a good writing construction. The instrument used for measuring the achievement was a test. Before the instrument was used, it had been tried out first. The main purpose of conducting it was to find out the validity, reliability, discrimination items and level of difficulties of the item of past tense in a multiple choice test. I then selected the items before they were used as the instrument of this research. The result of this research showed that there is a significant correlation between the students’ mastery of past tense and their ability in expressing past activities in writing. This result is obtained from the computation of the correlation between the students’ mastery of past tense and their ability in expressing past activities in writing applied to the sample is 0.8107. The critical value of the Pearson r with the 5 % significant level is 0.312. It means that the result obtained from the computation is greater than its critical value. Therefore, I conclude that the correlation between the two variables above is significant. In line with the result of the research, I suggest that to improve the students’ ability in expressing past activities in writing, students should improve their mastery of past tense, because the mastery of past tense can support their ability in expressing past activities in writing. It is essential to the teacher to know that one of the factors affect the students ability in expressing past activities especially in writing is the students’ mastery of past tense.
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Praise to be My Lord, Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala. Peace and blessing on
the final prophet, Muhammad Shallallahu ‘alaihi wassalam and his family and
companions. I wish to express my highest gratitude to Allah the Almighty for the
blessing and inspiration for finishing my study.
I also extend my great gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Dra. Hj. Dwi Rukmini, M.Pd. My first supervisor, for giving continuous and
careful guidance, indispensable helpful, suggestions and advice.
2. Drs. H. Suprapto, M. Hum. My second supervisor, for his patience in giving
guidance and correction to finish this final project.
3. The headmaster Drs. Muh. Makmun, the English teacher Dwi Firmaning
Rahayu and all the teachers of SMA I Kudus for the cooperation during
completing my study.
4. All of the dedicated lecturers of the English Department of UNNES, who have
shared the knowledge and experiences during my study at the English
Department of UNNES.
5. My beloved mother and father, brothers, sister, and all my big family
members (om sulbi, om bandi, om pa’at, mak Rus, om suhad, bulek anik; may
Allah give the best place for you in heaven) thanks for always giving me your
everlasting love, blessing and support for finishing my study.
vii
6. My most marvelous abi- abi. Thanks for the wisdom and sincerity you share
with.
7. My most precious friends from dershane, the most valuable place in the world
who always hug me with the truth and knowledge. Thanks for always being
willing to share anything with.
8. My valuable friends and figures. dc_sugi, Mas Heri, Kang Hambali, Kang
Maryo, “Abah”, Bun-bun, Nadja, Kak atok, “Mu-mun”, Reza, Hendi, Mas
asih, My all dear Nugraha’s mates, thanks for the inspiration , delight and the
unforgettable moments. All of you are always cherished in my heart.
9. All of my friends in UNNES of English Education 2002, you are all so
amazing. PPL’s friends in SMA Ksatrian I Semarang, KKN’s friends in
Glagahkulon Dawe Kudus, and anyone I admire who gave me beautiful and
memorable memories.
Finally, I realize that my study is still far from being perfect. There are still
so many expectations can be done to make it better. I have a great belief that my
study will be beneficial and useful for anyone who is concerned in this final
project.
Semarang, 27 June 2007
The writer
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ................................................................................................................... v
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. vi
Table of Contents .................................................................................................... viii
List of Appendices .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................... 1
1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic ....................................................................... 3
1.3 Statement of the Hypothesis ............................................................................. 3
1.4 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................... 4
1.5 Statements of the Hypothesis .............................................................................. 4
1.6 Significance of the Study .................................................................................... 5
1.7 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 5
1.8 Outline of the Study .......................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Grammar ...................................................................................... 7
2.2 Importance of Learning Grammar ..................................................................... 7
2.3 English Tense .................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Definition of the Past Tense .............................................................................. 9
2.5 Form of Past Tense ........................................................................................... 10
2.5.1 Form of Past Simple ........................................................................................ 10
2.5.2 Form of Past Continuous ................................................................................. 12
ix
2.5.3 Form of Past Perfect ........................................................................................ 13
2.5.4 Form of Past Perfect Continuous ..................................................................... 13
2.6 Use and Function of Past Tense .......................................................................... 14
2.6.1 Past Simple Use and Function ......................................................................... 14
2.6.2 Past Continuous Use and Function .................................................................. 15
2.6.3 Past Perfect Use and Function ......................................................................... 17
2.6.4 Past Perfect Continuous Use and Function ...................................................... 18
2.7 Definition of Writing .......................................................................................... 18
2.8 Definition of Good Writing................................................................................. 20
2.9 Speech and Writing ............................................................................................. 21
2.10 Writing Skills in 2006 English Curriculum ...................................................... 23
CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
3.1 Object of the Study ............................................................................................ 24
3.1.1 Population ........................................................................................................ 24
By looking at the table above, we can see it clearly that almost all the
students who failed to pass the test of students’ mastery in past tense well also got
poor or poor to average result in expressing past tense in writing.
According to the criterion of SMA 1 Kudus taken from the English
Curriculum 2006, the students are considered to be success if they get at least 68
of the highest possible score 100 and they are considered to be failed if the score
they get are under 68. In this case, 19 (47.5 %) students got successful result in
past tense test and 25 (62.5%) students got successful result in writing test. While
21 (52.5%) students failed in past tense test and 15 (37.5%) students failed in
writing test.
4.2 Result
The research findings indicate that there is a significant correlation between the
students mastery of past tense and their ability in expressing past activities in
writing. From the statistic analysis, it was found out that there was a positive
correlation between the students mastery of past tense and their ability in
expressing past activities in writing. It was proved by the value of rxy of the
correlation was greater than r table. The value of rxy was 0.8107. When we
consulted it to the r table with N = 40, we found that r table had a value 0.312. It
could be seen obviously that the value of rxy is greater than the r table.
These facts imply that the students’ mastery of past tense give a useful
contribution in their ability in expressing past activities in writing.
41
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded as follows:
a. The average score of the students’s mastery in past tense is 66.15. One
student ( 2.5 %) gets excelent level, 9 students ( 22.5%) get very good, 7
students ( 17.5 %) get good, 3 students ( 7.5 %) get fair, 12 students ( 30
%) get poor and 8 students ( 20 %) get very poor.
b. The average score of the students’ ability in expressing past activities in
writing is 71.075. Two students ( 5 %) get excelent level, 9 students (
22.5%) get very good, 11 students ( 27.5 %) get good, 9 students ( 22.5 %)
get fair, 6 students ( 15 %) get poor and 3 students ( 7.5 %) get very poor.
c. There is a significant correlation between the students’ mastery of past
tense and their ability in expressing past activities in writing . This result is
obtained from the computation of the correlation between the students’
mastery of past tense and their ability in expressing past activities in
writing applied to the sample is 0.8107. The critical value of the Pearson r
with the 5 % significant level is 0.312. It means that the result obtained
from the computation is greater than its critical value. Therefore, I
conclude that the correlation between the two variables above is highly
significant.
42
5.2 Suggestion
Based on the result of the research, I would like to offer some suggestions to
improve the students’ ability in expressing past activities in writing . The
suggestions are:
a. The students should improve their mastery of past tense because the
mastery of past tense can improve their ability in expressing past activities
in writing .
b. The students should read as much as possible in order to enrich and
support their knowledge and improve their ability in expressing past
activities.
c. It is essential to the teacher to know that one of the factors affect the
students ability in expressing past activities especially in writing is the
students’ mastery of past tense.
d. The teacher should provide an opportunity for students to have an
extensive writing practice in the class and give students more writing
assignments.
43
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