i A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA, CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN, AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY COVER PAGE UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Submitted to Complete the Requirement to Achieve Bachelor of Economics Degree in Sebelas Maret University Submitted by: ARDYNA RAHMITA DEWI NIM: F0312020 ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2016
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i
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA,
CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN,
AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY
COVER PAGE
UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Submitted to Complete the Requirement to Achieve Bachelor of Economics
Degree in Sebelas Maret University
Submitted by:
ARDYNA RAHMITA DEWI
NIM: F0312020
ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016
ii
ABSTRAK
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA,
CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN,
AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY
Oleh:
ARDYNA RAHMITA DEWI
F0312020
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Risiko Kegagalan pada Bank
yang diwakili oleh variable Risk dengan Z-score, ukuran bank yang diwakili oleh
Size dengan total aset pada bank, modal bank yang diwakili oleh Capital dengan
rasio modal tier-1 terhadap aset tertimbang risiko, cakupan bank yang diwakili
oleh Scope dengan rasio pendapatan lain-lain terhadap total pendapatan,
pengambilan uang secara bersama-sama yang diwakili oleh Run dengan rasio
liabilitas jangka pendek terhadap total liabilitas, dan praktek fractional-reserve
yang diwakili oleh Practice dengan rasio kas terhadap total aset. Penelitian ini
dilakukan di delapan negara berdasarkan GDP, yaitu Australia, Tiongkok,
Indonesia, Jepang, Malaysia, Korea Selatan, Spanyol, dan Thailand. Sampel yang
digunakan sebanyak 436 data annual report dari masing-masing bank yang
terdaftar di bursa efek negara-negara tersebut periode 2011-2014. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan jika risiko kegagalan di bank berbeda di tiap-tiap negara, yang
paling berisiko adalah Spanyol dan yang paling tidak berisiko adalah Tiongkok.
Uji hipotesis menujukkan jika variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi risiko
kegagalan bank adalah ukuran bank dan pengambilan uang secara bersama-sama
di bank dengan signifikansi 1% dan modal bank dengan signifikansi
10%.Variabel-variabel lain, yaitu cakupan bank dan praktik fractional-reserve
tidak mempengaruhi risiko kegagalan pada bank.
Kata kunci: Risiko Kegagalan Bank, Ukuran Bank, Modal Bank, Cakupan Bank,
Bank Run, Praktik Perbankan, Perbankan.
iii
ABSTRACT
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA,
CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN,
AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY
By:
ARDYNA RAHMITA DEWI
F0312020
The objective of this research is to determine the effect of bank failure risk in
banking industry. Bank failure risk is represented with Z-score, bank size with
total assets in banks, bank capital represented with tier-1 capital to risk weighted
assets ratio, bank scope represented with other operating income to total revenue
ratio, bank run represented with short term debt to total debt ratio, and bank
practice represented with cash to total assets ratio. This study is conducted in eight
countries: Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Spain, and
Thailand. The sample used is 436 annual report data from each listed bank in each
countries periods 2011-2014. This study results show that bank failure risk is
different in each GDP rates, the riskier countries is Spain while the least riskier is
China. The hypothesis testing show variables that affecting bank failure risk are
bank size and bank run with 1% significance and bank capital with 10%
significance. Other variables, bank scope and bank practice are not affecting bank
failure risk.
Keywords: Bank Failure Risk, Bank Size, Bank Capital, Bank Scope, Bank Run,
Bank Practice, Banking.
iv
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA,
CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN,
AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY
Created by:
ARDYNA RAHMITA DEWI
NIM: F0312020
Approved and Authorized by the Examiners Team
On June 2016
Chairman : Drs. Agus Budiatmanto M.Si.,Ak ________
NIP. 195912161990031001
Secretary : Ibrahim Fatwa Wijaya S.E., M.Sc ________
NIP. 198307172014041001
Supervisor : Agung Nur Probohudono, SE., M.Si., PhD, Ak, CA ________
NIP. 19830204 2008011003
Ascertain,
Head of Accounting Department
Drs. Santoso Tri Hananto, M.Si., Akt
NIP. 196909241994021001
v
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANK FAILURE RISK IN AUSTRALIA,
CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA, SPAIN,
AND THAILAND BANKING INDUSTRY
Skripsi
Created by:
Ardyna Rahmita Dewi
NIM: F0312020
Approved by Advisor
On May 30th, 2016
Supervisor,
Agung Nur Probohudono, SE., M.Si., PhD, Ak
NIP. 19830204 200801 1 003
Ascertain,
Head of Accounting Department
Drs. Santoso Tri Hananto, M.Si., Akt.
vi
NIP. 196909241994021001
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
The undersigned is a student of Economics and Business Faculty, Universitas
Sebelas Maret:
Name : Ardyna Rahmita Dewi
Student ID : F0312020
Department : Accountancy
Skripsi Title : A Comparative Study of Bank Failure Risk in Australia,
China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Spain,
and Thailand Banking Industry
Declares that this skripsi has not previously been submitted for a degree or
diploma in any institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this skripsi
contains no material previously published or written by another person except
where due reference is made in this skripsi itself.
Surakarta, May 30th 2016
Ardyna Rahmita Dewi
NIM.F0312020
vii
QUOTES
“Under the flower petals raining down I run, so lost in this maze. Even if I
fall and hurt, I’ll endlessly run after my dreams”
(Bangtan Boys, Young Forever)
“Even when our eyes are closed, there's a whole world that exists outside
ourselves and our dreams”
(Hiromu Arakawa)
“Don't just give up, life is about getting knocked down over and over, but still
getting up each time. If you keep getting up, you win”
(Ai Yazawa)
“Fear is not evil. It tells you what you weakness is. And once you know your
weakness, you can become stronger as well as kinder”