A Common Country Assessment of the Philippines 52-102

52 A Common View, A Common Journey

SECTION 5:

CCA Indicator Framework

The Millennium Declaration, the series of UN global conferences and summit, and UN conventions and treaties, established a number of interconnected goals and targets for reduc-

ing poverty and advocating rights. The CCA Indicator Framework is a collection of develop-ment indicators, compiled to measure progress at the country level.

Key methodological limitations were described in Chapter One. In addition to disaggrega-tion (by gender, age, region, vulnerable group) reliability, and timeliness issues, over the com-ing years, more needs to be done to expand on right-based development indicators, particularlyas regards to identifying specific actors or institutions - that is duty bearers -who are respon-sible for performance. Where available, indicators that measure public confidence in duty-bearers and redress for the poor and marginalization, have been included.

For ease of reference, the CCA Indicator Framework is divided into three major sections,within which are contained thematic indices:

A. Millennium Development Goal indicators: intended to provide baseline data to monitor thecountry’s progress toward the MDGs. To the extent possible, baseline data (for 1990) has beenincluded, or nearest data to that date, as well as current data.

B. Contextual Indicators: broad national indicators relating to demographics and the economyhave been included for reference and monitoring.

C. Recognising that progress on specific targets depends on improvements in a range ofareas, the Other Development Indicator section seeks to supplement the first two sets of indi-cators. These include:

1. Thematic Indicators2. UN Conference Indicators

Regional and Provincial data on key CCA indicators are also included in this document.

It is expected that these indicators will be enhanced and expanded upon in advance of thenext CCA, scheduled for 2009.

53A Common Country Assessment of the Philippines

A. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Eradicateextreme poverty

UN CCA Guidelines Philippine Reports Last Data and Trends Data SourceGoals

Baseline DataIndicators

Income - Poverty

– Poverty head countratio (% of popula-tion below nationalpoverty line)

– Poverty incidence offamilies (below thepoverty threshold)

– Number of familiesbelow the povertythreshold

– Poverty incidence ofpopulation (below thepoverty threshold)

– Population below thepoverty threshold

OLDMETHOD-OLOGY 1

1991: 39.9%1994: 35.5%1997: 31.8%2000: 33.7%

1997: 4.5 m2000: 5.1 m

1991: 45.3%1994: 40.6%1997: 36.8%2000: 39.4%

1997 : 26.8 m2000 : 30.8 m

NEWMETHO-DOLOGY2

1997: 28.1%2000: 28.4%

1997 : 4.0 m2000 : 4.3 m

1997: 33.0%2000: 34.0%

1997 : 24.0 m2000 : 26.5 m

National StatisticalCoordinationBoard (NSCB),Inter-AgencyTechnical WorkingGroup on Incomeand PovertyStatistics

– Proportion ofpopulation below $1per day

– Proportion of familiesat subsistence levels3

1991: 20.4%1994: 18.1%1997: 16.2%2000: 16.7%

1997: 13.6%2000: 13.1%

NSCB, Inter-Agency TechnicalWorking Group onIncome andPoverty Statistics

Eradicateextreme poverty

– Proportion ofpopulation below $1per day

– Proportion ofpopulation atsubsistence levels

OLD METHODOLOGY1991: 24.3%1994: 21.8%1997: 19.8%2000: 20.9%

NSCB, Inter-Agency TechnicalWorking Group onIncome andPoverty Statistics

– Poverty gap ratio – Poverty gap ratio4 OLDMETHO-DOLOGY1991 : 13.0 %1994 : 11.2 %1997 : 10.0 %2000 : 10.7 %

NEWMETHO-DOLOGY

1997 : 8.4 %2000 : 8.4 %

1997:Urban - 5.0 %Rural - 15.2 %

2000:Urban - 5.6 %Rural - 15.6 %

1997:Urban - 4.0 %Rural - 12.3 %

2000:Urban - 3.9 %Rural - 12.8 %

– Share of poorestquintile in the nationalconsumption

– Share of poorestquintile in the totalincome

– Share of poorestquintile in the totalexpenditure

2000: 5.8 %

2000: 7.4 %

2000 FamilyIncome andExpenditureSurvey (FIES),NSO5

1 Old methodology is based on regional menus. The estimated annual per capita poverty threshold in 2000 was Php13,823. Poverty data computed using the oldmethodology are with regional breakdown only.

2 New methodology is based on provincial food expenditure over total basic expenditure and regional menus using provincial prices. The estimated annual per capitapoverty threshold for the new methodology in 2000 was Php11,605. Poverty data computed using the new methodology had both the regional and provincialdisaggregation.

3 Subsistence means family income needed to satisfy the family food requirements in 2000 and estimated at national average of Php45,915 per annum for a family offive using the old methodology and Php39,145 using the new methodology.

4 Poverty Gap Ratio is defined as the income short fall (expressed in proportion to the poverty line) of families with income below the poverty threshold, divided bythe total number of families. This value could be thought of as the amount relative to the poverty line that has to be transferred to the poor families to bring theirincomes up to the poverty threshold. (1997 Philippine Poverty Statistics, NSCB).

5 FIES data had regional/provincial disaggregation.


Eradicatehunger



Food Security and Nutrition

6 Based on National Center for Health Statistics, USA/World Health Organization (NCHS/WHO) Weight-for-age classification.

7 FNRI data is available at regional and provincial levels.

8 Based on NCHS/WHO Height-for-age classification.

9 DepEd data on participation rate, cohort survival rate and completion rate had regional/provincial and sex disaggregation

10 FLEMMS data had regional/provincial and sex disaggregation.

– Prevalence ofunderweight childrenunder 5 years of age

– Prevalence ofunderweight preschoolchildren 0-5 years old6

– Prevalence of stuntedgrowth8

1989-1990: 34.5%1996: 30.8%1998: 32.0%2001: 30.6%

1989-1990: 40%1996: 34.5%1998: 34%

Facts and Figures,Food andNutrition ResearchInstitute (FNRI),Department OfScience andTechnology(DOST)7

Eradicatehunger

– Proportion ofpopulation belowminimum level ofdietary energyconsumption

– Proportion ofhousehold incomespent on food for thepoorest quintile

– Mean one-day percapita food consump-tion

– Mean one-day percapita energy intake

– Proportion of foodexpenditure to totaldisbursements for thepoorest quintile

1987: 869 grams1993: 803 grams

1987: 1753 kilo calories1993: 1684 kilo calories

2000: 60.5%

National NutritionSurvey (NNS),FNRI, DOST

2000 FIES, NSO

Education

Achieveuniversalprimaryeducation

– Net enrolment inprimary education

– Proportion of pupilsstarting grade 1 whoreach grade 6

– Literacy rate of 15-24year olds

– Adult literacy rate

– Participation rate inelementary level (bothpublic and privateschools)

– Cohort survival rate

– Completion Rate

– Simple literacy rate10-64 year olds

– Simple literacy rate15-24 year olds

– Functional literacyrate 10-64 year olds

1991 – 1992 : 85.1%2000 – 2001 : 96.48%

1991 – 1992 : 68.65%2000 – 2001 : 63.45%

1991 – 1992 : 66.5%2000 – 2001 : 66.1%

1994 : 95.02%

1994 : 97.28%

1994: 83.79%

Department ofEducation(DepEd)9

1994 FunctionalLiteracy, Educa-tion and MassMedia Survey(FLEMMS),National StatisticsOffice (NSO)10

Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

Promote genderequality andempowerwomen

– Ratio of girls to boysin primary, secondaryand tertiary levels

– Ratio of literatefemales to males 15-24 year olds

– Ratio of girls to boysin elementary andsecondary levels

– Proportion of literatefemales and males 10-64 year olds

– Proportion of literatefemales and males15-24 year olds

SY 2000-2001:Elementary – 95:100Secondary – 105:100

1994:10-64: Females – 95.46%

Males – 94.6%15-24: Females – 98.1%

Males – 96.6 %

DepEd

1994 FLEMMS,NSO




11 LFS data had regional/provincial and sex disaggregation.

12 17 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1997 and 11 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2001 as reported by DOH based on Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS). Thefigures are lower compared to the results from surveys due to under reporting of field health units affected by devolution.

13 NDHS data had regional/urban and rural disaggregation. 2003 data is preliminary.14 MCHS data had regional disaggregation.

Child Mortality and Welfare

Promote genderequality andempowerwomen

– Proportion of seatsheld by women innational parliament

– Share of women inwage employment inthe non-agriculturesector

– Proportion of womenin House of Represen-tatives (HOR) andSenate

– Proportion of womenin wage employmentto the total wageemployment in thenon-agriculture sector

2003:Senate: 13%HOR: 18%

October 2002: 41.2 %

Congress, NationalCommission of theRole of FilipinoWomen

2002 Labor ForceSurvey (LFS),NSO11

Reduce childmortality

– Under five mortalityrate

– Infant mortality rate

– Proportion of oneyear old childrenimmunized againstmeasles


– Under five mortalityrate (per 1,000 livebirths) for the five-year period precedingthe survey

– Infant mortality rate(per 1,000 live births)for the five-yearperiod preceding thesurvey12


– Fully immunizedchildren (12-23 mos.old), urban and rural

1990: 801993: 54.21998: 48.42003: 40

1990: 571993: 33.61998: 35.12003: 29

2001: 80.8%Urban – 84.4%Rural – 77.7%

2002: 80.2%Urban – 83.1%Rural – 77.8%

1997: 58.2%Urban – 65.2%Rural – 52.1%

1999: 64.5%Urban – 66.6%Rural – 62.5

2000: 65.2%Urban – 68.0%Rural – 62.7%

2001: 61.3%Urban – 66.9%Rural – 56.5%

2002: 62.9%Urban – 66.6%Rural – 59.8%

– NSCB, Inter-AgencyTechnicalWorking Group(TWG) onMaternal andChild Mortality;

– 1993 NationalDemographicSurvey (NDS),1998 and 2003NationalDemographicand HealthSurvey (NDHS),NSO13

– NSCB, Inter-AgencyTechnicalWorking Group(TWG) onMaternal andChild Mortality;

– 1993 NDS,1998 and 2003NDHS, NSO

2001 and 2002Maternal and ChildHealth Survey,NSO14

Maternal and ChildHealth Survey(MCHS), NSO


UN CCA Guidelines Last Data and Trends Data SourceGoals


15 SOC data had regional and sex disaggregation.

16 Family Planning Survey data had regional and provincial disaggregation.

Reproductive and Maternal Health

HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases

Reduce childlabor

– Proportion ofchildren age 15 whoare working

– Proportion ofworking children age5-17 years old overtotal 5-17 year olds15

– Total number ofworking children 5-17years old

– Proportion of girlsand boys working

1995: 15.98%2001: 16.2%

2001: 4,018 thousand 63.4 % were boys and 36.6 % were girls

1995 and 2001Survey on Children5 – 17 years old(SOC), NSO

1990: 2091991: 2031992: 1971993: 1911987-1993: 2091994: 1861995: 1801991-1997: 172

Medical Doctors: 1993: 26.0% 1998: 30.9% 2002: 33.2%Nurses/Midwife: 1993: 26.8% 1998: 25.5% 2002: 1% (Nurse) : 26.2 % (Midwife)

1995: 50.7%1996: 48.1%1997: 47.0%1998: 46.5%1999: 49.3%2000: 47.0%2001: 49.5%2002: 48.8%

– Maternal mortalityrate

– Proportion of birthsattended by skilledhealth personnel

– Contraceptiveprevalence rate

Improvedmaternal healthand reducedmaternalmortality

Improvedreproductivehealth

– Maternal mortalityrate (deaths per100,000 live births)

– Proportion of livebirths in the five yearspreceding the surveydelivered by profes-sionals

– Contraceptiveprevalence rate

NSCB, Inter-Agency TechnicalWorking Group(TWG) onMaternal and ChildMortality;

1998 NDHS, NSO

1993 NDS and1998 NDHS,NSO;

2002 MCHS, NSO

Family PlanningSurvey (FPS),NSO 1

2001: <0.1% PhilippineEpidemiologicalFact Sheet onHIV/AIDS andSexually Transmit-ted Infections,2002 Update,UNAIDS

– HIV prevalence ofadult population (15-49 yrs old)

– HIV prevalenceamong 15-24 year oldpregnant women

Combat HIV/AIDS

Philippine Reports




17 Defined as the ratio of employed persons to total labor force instead of employment to population of working age ratio (data for third quarter series).

HIV/AIDSRegistry, DOH

National HIV/AIDS SentinelSurveillanceSystem TechnicalReport 2002,DOH

Family PlanningSurvey, NSO

1984-2003:– 1,965 HIV Ab seropositive

cases - 636 of whom hadAIDS

– 257 had died– majority belong to 20 – 49

years old and mostly males– about 32 % (634 cases)

were Overseas FilipinoWorkers

Trends:1984-1989 – cases increased

by <50 per year1990-1992 – cases increased

by >50 but <100 per year1993-2003 – cases increased

by >100 per year

2002: Vulnerable Groups -40%

General Population - 1.3%

– Condom-use rate– Condom-use rate

1990: 1.51995: 0.5

1990: 1231998: 96.92000: 66.62001: 52

1975: 691995: 391997: 32.21998: 38.3

1975: 3141990: 1871995: 1731998: 207.32000: 165.72001: 142.2

1997: 60%2002: 87%

Philippine HealthStatistics, DOH

Department ofHealth

– Mortality rate (deathsper 100,000 popula-tion)

– Morbidity rate (casesper 100,000 popula-tion)

– Mortality rate (deathsper 100,000 popula-tion)

– Morbidity rate (casesper 100,000 popula-tion)

– Cure rate

– Prevalence and deathrates associated withmalaria

– Prevalence and deathrates associated withtuberculosis

– Proportion oftuberculosis casesdetected and curedunder directlyobserved treatmentshort course (DOTS)

Combat malariaand otherdiseases

Employment

LFS, NSO1991: 91.0%1995: 91.6%1996: 92.6%1997: 92.1%1998: 90.4%1999: 90.6%2000: 89.9%2001: 90.2%2002: 89.8%

– Employment Rate 17– Employment topopulation ofworking age ratio

Creation of fullemployment

Combat HIV/AIDS

Philippine Reports




Environment

1991: 9.0%1995: 8.4%1996: 7.4%1997: 7.9%1998: 9.6%1999: 9.4%2000: 10.1%2001: 9.8%2002: 10.2%

2001: 45.02%2002: 46.02%

– Unemployment rate(Data for ThirdQuarter Series)

– Informal sector aspercentage of totalemployment (includesself-employed andunpaid family)(Data for ThirdQuarter Series)

– Unemployment rate

– Informal sectoremployment aspercentage of totalemployment

93% original forest cover lostover 500 yearsCurrently existing cover is18% of total land area

Total 244 sites of PAs in thecountry covering 4.46 millionhectares.

2000: 83 sites with anaggregate area of 2.33 millionha have been proclaimed asprotected areas under theNIPAS

The year 2000 figure indicated72.12 MMBFOE (millionbarrels of fuel oil equivalent)NRE contribution to the totalenergy mix.

An average growth rate of5.5% for New and RenewableEnergy during the period2001-2010 or a cumulativefigure of 29,578,500 metrictons of CO

2 will be avoided.

1999 : 345.36 mt2000 : 270.63 mt2001 : 668.57 mt1999 : 1,742.22 mt2000 : 2,632.82 mt2001 : 1,378.28 mt1995 : 65.53 mt1996 : 30.80 mt1997 : 0.75 mt2001 : 4.10 mt1999 : 6.27 mt2000 : 5.58 mt

1999 : 13%2002 : 17%

DENR

DOE

EMB

PHDR 2002UNDP

Ensureenvironmentalsustainability

– Proportion of forestto total land area

– Number of declaredPAs

Increased renewableenergy in the overallenergy mix displacingfossil fuel consumption.

CFC – 11

CFC – 12

CFC – 113

CFC – 115

CFC - 502

– Proportion ofpopulation with noaccess to sanitationfacilities

– Proportion of landcovered by forest

– Ratio of protectedarea to surface area

– Carbon Dioxideemissions (per capita)

Consumption of CFCs

– Proportion ofpopulation withsustainable access toimproved watersource, urban andrural

Creation of fullemployment

Philippine Reports




1994: 77.3%1997: 76.9%1998: 78.1%1999: 79.1%2000: 73.1%2002: 80.0%

FIES, CPH, NSOAnnual PovertyIndicators Survey(APIS), NSO18

– Proportion of familieswith access to safewater supply

B. CONTEXTUAL INDICATORS

SourceIndicator Data

1990 – 60,703,206Urban proportion - 47.03%

1995 – 68,616,5362000 – 76,498,735

Urban proportion- 48.05%1990-2000: 25.8% increasein the total population in 10years

1990-1995: 2.32%1995-2000: 2.36%

2003 – 82.044 million2015 – 108.545 million

2000 : 101.43 males forevery 100 females

1993 – 4.091998 – 3.732003 – 3.5

1995 – 64.83 (M)– 70.08 (F)

2000 – 66.33 (M)– 71.58 (F)

1990: 1,071,4331991: 1,254,5621992: 1,374,8381993: 1,509,5071994: 1,736,3821995: 1,958,5551996: 2,261,3391997: 2,528,3211998: 2,802,1321999: 3,136,1692000: 3,496,8632001: 3,853,301

1990: 716,9291991: 720,2181992: 731,3961993: 751,4791994: 786,1361995: 824,5251996: 884,2261997: 930,6581998: 934,4811999: 969,3342000: 1,016,1312001: 1,051,137

1990 and 2000 Census of Popula-tion and Housing (CPH), 1995Census of Population, NSO20

1993 NDS, 1998 and 2003 NDHSNSCB, Inter – Agency TechnicalWorking Group (TWG) on Popula-tion Projection

NSCB, Inter – Agency TechnicalWorking Group (TWG) on Popula-tion Projection

2002 Philippine Statistical Yearbook,NSCB


Population size

Population Growth Rate

Estimated Population 19

Sex ratio

Total fertility rate

Life expectancy at birth (pro-jected)

Gross National Product(at current prices, in million pesos)

Gross National Product(at constant 1985 prices, in millionpesos)

Demographic

Economy

18 APIS had regional and provincial disaggregation.

19 Estimated using population growth rate of 2.36 % per annum.

20 Census of Population and Housing Data had regional/provincial/municipal, urban/rural and sex disaggregation.

Ensureenvironmentalsustainability

Philippine Reports


SourceIndicator Data

2000 – $300.5221

2000 – 44.85 %22

1997 : Php 1.6 trillion2003 : Php 4.1 trillion

1997 : 66.9 %2003 : 93.2 %

1997 : 16.58 %2003 : 27.39 %

1997 : 16.8 %2003 : 12.3 %

1995 : 15.7 %1996 : 15.8 %1997 : 16.4 %

2000 : 40.2 %2002 : 42.86 %2003 : 42.81 %

1997 : 5.46 %2003 : 4.25 %

3.2 % as of 2000, Philip-pines spent higher thanIndonesia and China butlower than Malaysia, Korea,and Thailand

1992 – 2000: USD 16.66 B

1990: 27.21995: 14.41996: 12.71997: 11.61998: 11.71999: 14.12000: 12.5

1999 : 67. 6 %2000 : 65.3 %2001 : 58.9 %2002 : 59.6 %

2002: 3.4 million

Budget of Expenditure and Sourceof Financing, DBM

PIS, NEDA



Philippine Socioeconomic Report2002 NEDA

21 GNP in 2000 = Php1,016,131 million at constant 1985 prices; Population = 76,498,735; Exchange rate in 2000 = Php44.2/$.

22 GNP in 2000 = Php3,496.863 Billion (current prices); Foreign debt in 2000 = Php1,568.20 Billion.

23 Basic social services include basic education, primary health care, water and sanitation and others.

GNP per capita (in US$ at 1985prices)

External debt as percentage ofGNP

National government outstandingDebt

National government outstandingdebt as percentage to GDP

Interest payment’s share to totalexpenditures

Tax revenues share to GDP

Share of basic social services tonational budget23

Share of social services to nationalbudget

Share of social services to GDP

Public expenditure to education aspercent to GDP

Total ODA

Ratio of debt service burden toexports

Manufacturing exportsPercent share of electronics in thetotal manufacturing exports

Number of internet users


C. DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

1. THEMATIC INDICATORS

Source of DataIndicators Baseline Data and TrendsIssue

INCOME, POVERTY, EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION

Rural Poverty

DAR, DENR, 1999 – 2004 MTPDP1993 – 1998: DAR – 82.2% DENR – 64.9%

Proportion of land distributedInequality toaccess toproductiveresources

Urban Poverty

1.3 million, 57% in MetroManila (2000)

Five per family (2000)

2.36%

Refer to Demographic,Contextual IndicatorsSection

Refer to Women’s Health andNutrition

Refer to Reproductive andMaternal Health, MDGSection

1970: 31.8%1980: 37.5%1990: 47.03%2000: 48.05%

Old Methodology1997: 17.9 % (Urban) : 44.4 % (Rural)2000: 19.9 % (Urban) : 46.9 % (Rural)

New Methodology1997: 15.0 % (Urban) : 39.9 % (Rural)2000: 15.0 % (Urban) : 41.4 % (Rural

1995: 5.8 %2002: 7.3 %

2000: 2.069 million200-2005: 482,213

Philippines Progress Report on theMDG 20032000 CPH, NSO

1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 CPH,NSO

NSCB, Inter-Agency TechnicalWorking Group on Income andPoverty Statistics

LFS, NSO

Housing and Urban DevelopmentCoordinating Council (HUDCC)

No. of informal settlers families inurban centers

Average family size

Annual population growth rate

Fertility rate

Unmet family planning needs

Contraceptive prevalence rate

Proportion of urban population

Rural poverty incidence vs. urbanpoverty incidence

Unemployment rate in the ruralareas

Housing backlog

TotalAnnual Backlog

Proliferation ofslums

Large family size(common torural and urban)

Migration fromrural area

High ruralpovertyincidence

Lack ofemploymentopportunities inrural areas

Inadequatehousing in ruralareas



Employment

1991: 64.5%1995: 65.6%1996: 65.8%1997: 65.5%1998: 66.0%1999: 65.8%2000: 64.3%2001: 67.5%2002: 66.2%

Refer to Employment, MDGSection

Refer to Employment, MDGSection

1999: 14.12000: 11.62001: 13.6 %2002: 13.2 %

1991: 22.1%1995: 19.8%1996: 19.4%1997: 22.8%1998: 23.7%1999: 22.1%2000: 19.9%2001: 16.6%2002: 15.3%

– 33,914 (2001)– 32,363 (2002)

– 47.8% with violations(2001)

– 49.6% with violations(2002)

– 20.1% (2001)– 24.1% (2002)

Coverage: 2000: 24.061 million 2001: 24.948 million

Total Contribution: Php 68,785.7 M (2000) Php 74,144 M (2001)

2001: 45.02%2002: 46.02%

– 2,518 (2001)– 2,700 (2002)

– 462,000 (2001)– 528,000 (2002)

Labor Force Participation Rate

Employment Rate

Unemployment rate

Proportion of unpaid familyworkers in the total employment

Underemployment rate (percent tothe total employed)

Establishments inspected ongeneral labor and technical safetystandards

Compliance rate

Correction rate

Coverage of SSS/GSIS

Informal sector workers (self-employed and unpaid familyworkers)

No. of firms with CBA, LMS, EAS

No. of workers covered by CBAs

LFS, NSO

LFS, NSO

Department of Labor and Employ-ment

GSIS, SSS;2002 Philippine Statistical Yearbook,NSCB

LFS, NSO

Current Labor Statistics (CLS),DOLE

Insufficientemploymentgrowth (poorhuman resourcemanagement; jobmismatch)

Limited coverageand enforcementof laborstandards

Limited socialprotectioncoverage oforganized andunorganizedsectors includingthe informalsector, women,youth, elderly,differently-abledmigrants

Limited/weakworkers’representation tolabor manage-ment dialogue



Population and Development

Housing backlog

TotalAnnual Backlog

Availability of potable water

School building/classroom backlog

Average family size

Inadequatehousing

Inadequateaccess to waterand sanitation

Inadequate basicinfrastructure

Inadequatereproductivehealth and familyplanning services

2000 : 2.069 million2001 – 2005 : 482,213

Refer to Environment, MDGSection

Refer to Education andECCD, Thematic Section

– Five per family

HUDCC

2000 CPH, NSO

HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Child Health and Nutrition

Malnutrition – 30.8% (1996)– 32% (1998)– 30.6% (2001) ===

(MTPDP target)

– PEM slightly higher amonggirls (1998)

– 34.2% (1989)– 30.2% (1998)– 32.9% (2001)

– PEM slightly higher amonggirls (1998)

– 15.8% (1993)– 19.8% (1998)

– 35.3% (1993)– 38% (1998)

– Highest at 56.6% amongspecific population groupsin 1998 (national rate is30.6%)

– 49.2% (1993)

– 1998:Female (36.5%)Male (34.8%)

– 35.8% of children haveUrinary Iodine Excretion(UIE) values below 50ug/L (moderate to severe) in1998;

– 34.7% of children haveUIE value equal / greaterthan 100ug/L in 1998

1993Protein Intake : 49.9 g % adequacy : 106.2Iron Intake : 10.1 mg % adequacy : 64.7

Prevalence of underweightchildren -protein energy malnutri-tion (PEM)

– 0-5 years old

– 6-10 years old

– 11-19 years old

Prevalence of Vit.A deficiency inchildren (6 mos.-5 yrs.old)

Prevalence of iron deficiencyanemia (IDA)

– 6 mos.-<1 year

– 6 mos.-12 years

Prevalence of iodine deficiencydisorder (IDD) among 6-12 yearsold

Food and Nutrient IntakeMean one-day per capita nutrientintake and percent adequacy ofthe recommended dietaryallowance (RDA)

FNRI 2002, Situational Analysis ofChildren and Women (SACW) 2003,UNICEF

NNS, FNRI


Calcium Intake : 0.39 g % adequacy : 67.2Vitamin A Intake : 391.9 mcg

RE % adequacy : 88.1Thiamin Intake : 0.67 mg % adequacy : 68.4Riboflavin Intake : 0.56 mg % adequacy : 57.1Niacin Intake : 16.1 mg % adequacy : 88.0Ascorbic Acid Intake : 46.7 mg % adequacy : 73.2

Food groups RDA : 1,031 FS : 1,127Cereals and cereals products RDA : 334 FS : 341Starchy roots and tubers RDA : 73 FS : 51Sugar and syrups RDA : 24 FS : 45Pulses and nuts RDA : 17 FS : 39Vegetables and fruits RDA : 297 FS : 201Fats, oils and miscellaneous RDA : 28 FS : 215Meat and fish products RDA : 151 FS : 217Milk and milk products RDA : 82 FS : 9Eggs RDA : 25 FS : 10

1993 :

0.4 %0.9 %

1994 : Php83,1611997 : Php123,1682000 : Php144,0391994 : Php83,1611997 : Php98,6922000 : Php94,576

2000 : 1.9 %

22.4 %


Malnutrition Food and Nutrient IntakeMean one-day per capita nutrientintake and percent adequacy ofthe recommended dietaryallowance (RDA)

Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) and available daily percapita food supply (FS) forconsumption (grams) in 2000

Overweight children 0 to 5 yearsold (NCHS/WHO Classification) Weight-for-age Weight-for-height

Average Family income At current prices

At 1994 prices

Percent share of family expendi-ture on health to total familyexpenditure

Iodized salt utilization

NNS, FNRI

2003 PSY, NSCB

NNS, FNRI

2000 FIES, NSO

1999 MICS, NSO-UNICEF



High childmortality

Refer to Child Mortality andWelfare, MDG Section




Under five mortality rate

Infant mortality rate

Proportion of 1 yr. old childrenimmunized against measles

FIC (12-23 mos. old) coverage

Increasingnumber ofchildren at risk

2000:– 4 million working children

5 to 17 years old– 2.4 million (59.4%)

exposed to hazardousenvironment

1994:– 4.7 million young drinkers– 37 % still consume alcohol– 29.4% tried smoking– 21 % currently smoking– 6 % tried drugs

11 % male users (overtotal males)

2002:– 47% tried smoking– 69% tried drinking– increasing trend in

drinking experience from54% in 1994

– 11 % tried drugs 20 % male users (over

total males)

Proportion of children in a riskyenvironment (health hazardous)

Proportion of children involved insubstance and alcohol abuse

2001 SOC, NSO

YAFS 2 and 3, UPPI

Women’s Health and Nutrition

Poor maternalhealth

Maternal mortality rate

Proportion of women (withchildren 0 to 59 months) whoreceived iron supplement duringpregnancy

Proportion of women (withchildren 0 to 59 months) whoreceived iodine supplement duringpregnancy


- 1% of total deaths incountry and 18.6% of deathsof women in 15-49 yrs. old(1998)

1998 : 74.6 %2002 : 82.2 %

1998 : 56.6 %

Based on registered deaths, Vital andHealth Statistics, NSO

NDHS, NSOMCHS, NSO

NDHS, NSO



Poor healthseeking behavior

Proportion of women seeking preand post natal care (respondentswere women with survivingchildren 0 to 35 months)

Proportion of live births in thefive years preceding the surveydelivered by professionals

Proportion of live births in thefive years preceding the surveydelivered by traditional birthattendants (TBAs)

Proportion of live births in thefive years preceding the surveydelivered in a facility

Proportion of women everbreastfed

Proportion of women whoreceived at least one dose of TTV

Female literacy rate

Proportion of high risk fertilitybehavior - 2 years interval of pregnancy - 18 years old below and 34 years old above - birth order greater than 3

Prevalence of women with STI

Unmet need in family planning

Contraceptive prevalence rate

– Pre-natal care services:2000: 93.86%2001: 94.6%2002: 93.9%

– Post-natal care services:2000: 60.0%2001: 64.5%2002: 56.39%

– More women in urbanareas (2001: 69.0% and2002: 63.11%) tend tohave postnatal checkupsthan rural (2001 : 60.6%and 2002: 50.45%)


1993 : 45.3%1998 : 41.3%

Delivered at home1993 : 71.5 %1998 : 65.5%

Delivered in a facility1993 : 28.2 %1998 : 34.2%2003 : 37.9 %

2001 : 90.1%2002 : 89.7%

– 72.5% (2001) to 71.6%(2002) due to decline inurban coverage

Urban: 72.5% (2001) to72.9% (2002)Rural: 72.4% (2001) to72.2% (2002)

– 95.46% (1994)– 92.3% (2000)

– 56.9% (1998)– 62.4% (1993)

– 58.7%

– 26.2% (1993)– 19.8% (1998)– 20.5% (2002)


MCHS, NSO

1993 NDS and 1998 NDHS, NSO

1993 NDS, 1998 and 2003 NDHS,NSO

MCHS, NSO

MCHS, NSO

1994 FLEMMS

1993 NDS and 1998 NDHS, NSO

Raymundo, et. al, 1999

1993 NDS, 1998 NDHS, and 2002Family Planning Survey, NSO

Low immuniza-tion rate

Low literacy ofwomen

Poor access toreproductivehealth services


Indicators Baseline Data and TrendsIssue



No. of abortion cases

Percentage of Sexually ActiveYoung Adults

1993 – 4.091998 – 3.732003 – 3.5

– Still higher compared toother Asian countries, e.g.Thailand (2), Vietnam(2.3), Indonesia (2.8),Malaysia (3.2)

– 300,000 to 400,000 (15 to44 years old) annually(17% accounted byteenagers)

1994: 18% had PMS2002: 23% or 2 out of 10youth had PMS

1993 NDS, 1998 and 2003 NDHS,and Family Planning Survey, NSO

UPPI 1996

Young Adult’s Fertility and SexualitySurvey (YAFS 2) 1994YAFS 3 (2002)

Percentage of Youth with pre-marital sex experience (PMS) whodo not use Contraceptives

Percentage of Young womentreated for Abortion complications

Average age at first sexualencounter

Proportion of teenage pregnancies

Anemia prevalence - for pregnant women

- for lactating women

Mean one day/ capita


Poor women’snutrition

1994: 63%-females 28% males2002: 72% -females 42% -males

1994: 36% of womentreated for abortioncomplications belong to 15-24 years

1982-94: 18 years old2002: 17.5 years old

– 7.2% among 15-19 yearsold (1998)

– 50.7% (1998)

– 45.7% (1998)

– 1,684 kcal energy (1993)

– 49.9 g protein (1993)

Access to Safe Drinking Water and Hunger

Young Adult’s Fertility and SexualitySurvey (YAFS 2) 1994YAFS 3 (2002)

State of the Philippine PopulationReport (SPPR) 2, 2003

1998 NDHS, NSO

1998 NNS, FNRI, DOST

1993 NNS, FNRI, DOST

Inadequateaccess to water

Proportion of families with accessto safe water supply

Refer to Environment, MDGSection

– 72% of slum dwellerhouseholds with access topiped water or tube wells,but 36% contaminated atpoint of consumption and17% from source

Philippines Progress Report on theMDG 2003

HIV, AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

Need toeliminate HIV/AIDS

– <0.1% of populationaffected or 9,400individuals in 15-49 yearsage group (2001)

– 1% among 15-24 yrs.old

DOH, UNAIDS

DOH

Source of Data



Need toeliminate HIV/AIDS

– 19% of people 15-24years of age can correctlyidentify at least 3 ways ofpreventing sexualtransmission of HIV andwho reject majormisconceptions about HIVtransmission

– 94 % aware of STD-AIDS– 23 % in 2002 thought that

AIDS is curable– 60% think there is no

chance for them tocontract HIV

– 23% of youth engage inpre-marital sex – amongthese, 49% of males and11% of females have morethan 1 sex partner; 20%of first sex episode and25% of latest sex episodewere protected by condomand contraceptive usereportedly decrease withage

– 39% of large corporations

PNAC Budget 2003:$279,1800.16% of DOH Budget0.025% of total generalappropriation

Other HIV/AIDS Budget:DOH-NASPCP = $318,000DepEd = $40,000Other PNAC Agencies/Orgs= $160,000LGUs = $200,000

– 48 cities out of 115 citiesnationwide

– 130 social hygiene clinicsand 102 hospitals

Refer to HIV/AIDS, Malariaand other disease, MDGSection

< 1% of infected mothers

Refer to HIV/AIDS, Malariaand other Diseases, MDGSection

– Deaths higher amongmales (67.3%) and among15-64 years age group(58% to 60%)

– Sixth leading cause ofdeath in the country(1998)

Level of knowledge and attitudesof youth on STI, HIV/AIDS

Proportion of enterprises withworkplace policies and programson STI, HIV/AIDS

Proportion of resources allocatedfor STI, HIV/AIDS, malaria

Presence and implementation oflocal advocacy plan for STI, HIV/AIDS, TB

No. of health facilities offeringSTI, HIV/AIDS services

Condom use rate

Proportion of infants born withHIV-infected mothers

Mortality Rate (deaths per 100,000population

2002 Young Adult Fertility andSexuality Study 3 (YAFSS)

DOLE, OSHC, ECOP

PNAC, DOH

PNAC, DOH

DOH Report

DOH Report

Philippine Health Statistics, DOH;High incidenceof tuberculosis


Indicators Baseline Data and TrendsIssue

High incidenceof tuberculosis

ENVIRONMENT

Mortality Rate (deaths per 100,000population

Morbidity Rate (cases per 100,000population)

Cure rate

Philippine Health Statistics, DOH;

Source of Data


– Deaths higher amongmales (67.3%) and among15-64 years age group(58% to 60%)

– Sixth leading cause ofdeath in the country(1998)


– TB cases twice morecommon in urban areas

– Sixth leading cause ofmorbidity in the country(2001)


Need toeliminate malaria



– about 10 cases per 1000population

– an estimate of 600 Tpopulation protected in1998

DOH

Morbidity Rate

Mortality Rate

Proportion of people protected byinsecticides treated nets

Ecological Well-Being

Environmentaldegradationassociated withfour (4) of thenation’s majoreconomicactivities(agriculture,fishery andforestry; mining;manufacturing;and landtransportation)

Air pollutionfrom manufac-turing

Cost increase in pesos/year

Increase in MT of particulatesemitted from manufacturing perannum

1992 : P3.795 B1993 : P5.276 B1994 : P6.962 B1995 : P7.660 B1996 : P9.649 B1997 : P8.905 B1998 : P8.895 B

– 94.2% from 789,020 MTof particulates (1992) to1.532 MMT (1998)

2002 PSY, NSCB



2002 PSY, NSCBWater pollutiondue to manufac-turing

Increase in MT of BOD per annum Only for TUNA:– 23% from 2,094 MT BOD

(1992) to 2,579 MT BOD(1998)

Total for TUNA, TEXTILE,LEATHER TANNINGAND SUGAR MILLING:1992: 27,613 MT1993: 26,673 MT1994: 25,864 MT1995: 25,025 MT1996: 25,512 MT1997: 24,918 MT1998: 23,525 MT

No data for Leather Tanningstarting 1995

Biodiversity loss

Mangroves havedeclined

No. of endangered species

No. of threatened species

Loss in hectarage of mangrovecover

Mangrove cover decline

Loss per annum (ha/annum)

Current mangrove forest cover

– 212 (1990)– 284 (1998)

– 50% of 283 endemicspecies of mammals andbirds

– 418 species of plants andanimals

– 53 species of terrestrialmammals

– 5 million has. (1920)– 3 million has. (1970)– 2.5 million has. (1980)– 0.8 million has. (1990)

– Mangrove cover declinefrom 450,000 hectares(1918) to 139,100 ha(1988), 115,100 ha (1996)

– Mangrove deforestationabout 3,000 hectares/year(1990-94)

– 112,000 hectares

Environment and Natural ResourcesFramework

FMB 2002

Coral reefs arebeing destroyed

Condition of reefs remaining – 31% (0-24% poorcondition)

– 39% (25-28% faircondition)

98 % of Phil Coral Reef atrisk from human activities70 % at very high risk4 % in excellent condition27 % in poor condition42 % in fair condition

Environment and Natural ResourcesFramework;

Public Affairs Office, DENR

Forest/Watershed and Fresh Water Resources

Need to improveforest cover

Proportion of forest to totalland area

Proportion of protected forestto total land area

93% original forest cover lostover 500 yearsCurrently existing cover is18% of total land area

– 53.6% proclaimed while46.3% undergoingsuitability assessments of4.45 million hectares ofidentified protected areas,

ENR Framework


Indicators Baseline Data and TrendsIssue Source of Data

– 83 proclaimed; 160undergoing SA underNIPAS

– of total 77% of waterbodies classified, 15%suffer different levels ofindustrial pollution

Need to improveforest cover

ENR Framework

DENR

No. of protected areas

River water quality

Need to reduceerosion andsiltation

Area of alienable and disposable(A&D) lands and croplandssuffering from erosion

Total land area suffering erosion

Rate of siltation/ha/yr

Erosion rate/ha/yr

Soil loss

Area of reforestation/100 ha.Watershed

– 9 million out of 14 millionA&D lands and 75% ofcroplands suffering fromvarying degrees of soilerosion

– 5.2 million hectares ofcountry’s total land area(severe erosion) and 8.5million hectares (moderateerosion)

– 20% delivery rate (20% ofmaterials eroded fromagricultural soil erosion)

– 7.4 MT/ pa sedimentcarried downstream fromforest

– 2.3 T/ha/yr (lowlandagriculture)

– 112.8 T/ha/yr (uplandagriculture)

– 507.99 T/ha/yr (kaingin)

– 2.05 billion MT/pa uplandagriculture, grassland andwoodland (1993)

– 1,555,919 ha. reforested(1971-2000)

ENR Framework

State of the Philippines Land andSoil Resources 2003, NSCB;FMB, DENR

Lowland Agriculture

Deterioratingland quality dueto soil erosion,land pollutionand landconversion

Need to improveland use and landproductivity

Land conversion rate

Extent of areas devoted toagriculture

– 2,267 ha/annum based on11,337 ha converted from1987 to 1991

– 10.16 million ha (1999)– 10.18 million ha (2000)

State of the Philippines Land andSoil Resources 2003 NSCB

Urban Environment

Poor solid wastecollection

Increasingpopulationpressure

Collection rate

Excessive waste generation

Working sanitary landfill

Proportion of squatter settlements

Percent of urban population rising

– 75% per year, desired100%

– 0.5 kg/capita, desired0.375

– 1

– 50% of 11 millionpopulation in MetroManila live in slums ordepressed areas

– 35.6% (1975)– 48.05% (2000)

DENR, DILG

Ang Bahanggunihanan 2002,HUDCC - Philippine Urban Forum(PUF)

2000 CPH, NSO



– 20% come from 2-strokeengines

– 200% above worldstandards

Smoke emission

Air TSP

Poor air quality DENR

Access to resources (as indicated by the ability to procure basic services, e.g., housing, health, education,water, and sanitation) and tenure security in lands and over natural resources

Coastal and Marine

Undesirablemigration tocoastal areas

Non-enforce-ment of relatedlaws on habitatprotection

Weak capacitiesfor regulation,enforcement andprosecution

Weak capacitiesfor regulation,enforcement andprosecution

Degradation of fishery resources– increase in production

– catch per unit effort

– proportion of population incoastal and marine areas

No. of endangered wildlife(mammals and birds)

Proportion of coral reefs inexcellent condition

Proportion of sea bed decline

Area decline of mangrove and seagrass beds

Proportion of budget decrease inDENR

– 210% from 1.0 MMT(1971) to 3.1 MMT(2001)

– 11 T/hp in (1948) to <1T/hp today

– Over 65% of populationcenters in the country(cities and municipalities)are in coastal areas

– Over 81% of populationlive in coastal areas

– 212 (1990)– 284 (1998)

– 4%

– 30-50% decrease in thelast 50 years

– From 500,000 has. to120,000 has.

– 43% in absolute terms(about 60% in real terms)from 1998-2003

White and Trinidad 1998

ENR Framework

White and Trinidad 1998

ENR Framework

DENR

– Percent share of housingexpenditures to totalexpenditure of the lowest7 deciles of income groupsrose an average of 9.76%in 1997 to 10.5% in 2000

– Percent share of rent/rental values to totalexpenditure of the lowest8 deciles of income groupsrose an average of 9.35%in 1997 to 10.3% in 2000

1997: 3.4%2000: 3.25%

1995 : 9531996 : 1,0891997 : 1,2151998 : 1,2751999 : 1,3782000 : 1,4772001 : 1,519

Proportion of rise in cost ofhousing

Proportion of rise in rental

Expenditures against GNP

Health expenditure per capita In Phil. Pesos, at current prices

.

FIES, NSO2002 and 2003 PSY, NSCB

Limited access tohousing

Poor healthservices



In Phil. Pesos, at 1985 prices 1995 : 4081996 : 4271997 : 4501998 : 4311999 : 4362000 : 4482001 : 435

FIES, NSO2002 and 2003 PSY, NSCB

Poor healthservices

Proportion of households withaccess to health facilities

Rural health unitsBarangay stationsPrivate hospitalsPrivate clinicsRegional hospitalsProvincial hospitals

Decrease in total number ofhospitals

Bed capacities (per 10,000population)

Proportion of assisted births

1998 :8.7 %

16.9 %9.2 %

12.6 %1.5 %4.2 %

1996: 1,7382000: 1,7122001: 1,708– 1.7% decrease in 5 years

1996: 11.72000: 10.6– 0.94% percent decrease

– 52.8 % - 56.4 % (1993-2002)

1998 NDHS, NSO

2002 PSY, NSCB

1993 NDS, 2002 MCHS, NSO

Limited access toimproved watersources and toadequatesanitationfacilities

Landlessness

Poverty

Proportion of population with noaccess to sanitation facilities

Proportion of population with noaccess to potable water

Status of titling of land

Status of cadastral surveys

Status of land transfersto tenant-farmers

Income levels of poor families

– 13% (1999)– 17% (2002)

– 20%-30%

– 9.3 million (66%) titledout of 14.14 millionhectares of A&D lands

– 59% complete (munici-palities)

– 53% of DENR’scontribution to CARP (2.5million ha of forestland)distributed to qualifiedbeneficiaries

– 6.2% increase in 9 years,from 4.8 million in 1991to 5.1 million in 2000 ofpoor families (those havingincomes less than thegovernment-definedthreshold of poverty)

– 9.6% increase, from 28.1million in 1991 to 30.8million in 2000 of poorindividuals

– GINI index below .50with improvements from0.47 in 1991 to 0.48 in2000

PHDR 2002, UNDP

ENR Framework

DENR 2003; Philippine StatisticalYearbook 2002; PHDR 2002,UNDP

Land Management Bureau, DENR

DENR

NSCB, Inter-Agency TechnicalWorking Group on Income andPoverty Statistics;

Family Income and ExpenditureSurvey, NSO



Climate Change

RICE (1982-83)Loss: 629 million tonsValue (million P) 852Area affected (ha): 153

RICE (1991-92)Loss: 669million tonsValue (million P): 2,440Area affected (ha): 275

CORN (1991-92)Loss: 710 million tonsValue (million P): 2,489Area affected (ha): 450

VEGETABLES (1991-92)Value (million P): 504Area affected (ha): 16

OTHER CROPS (1991-92)Value (million P): 128Area affected (ha): 11

RICE (1997-98)Loss: 622 million tonsValue (million P): 4,666Area affected (ha): 315

CORN (1997-98)Loss: 1187 million tonsValue (million P): 7,718Area affected (ha): 647

EDUCATION AND ECCD

SESAM-CA, UPLB 2000Production losses, affected areasand value of damages

Effect ofEl Niño onagriculture

National diagnostic testresults (Mean percentagescore) – June 2002Subject Grade III Grade VIMath 38.45 26.71Reading 42.14 29.67Science 39.38 27.75

National Achievement TestResults – March 2003Subject Grade III Grade IVMath 48.82 34.92Science 53.92 41.05English 53.73 44.24Subject GradeVI First YearMath 44.84 32.09Science 43.98 34.65Reading 41.80 41.48

Int’l Mean Phil Mean1995:Science 479.5 388.5Math 498.5 392.51999:Science 481.0 345.0Math 487.0 345.0

National Educational Testing andResearch Center, DepEd

SEI, DOST

National diagnostic test results(mean percentage score)

Average scores in Science and Math

Low achieve-ment rate/ Poorlearning impacts– Achievement/

diagnostictests

– Performancein TIMSS(Math andSciences)



SY 1994-95Elementary: 8.90%Male: 10.10%Female: 7.70%

SY 1995-96Elementary: 7.31%

SY 1996-97Elementary: 8.01%Male: 9.42%Female: 6.50%Secondary: 11.14%Male: 12.65%Female: 9.68%





Weak schoolholding power/Weak stayingpower oflearners– High dropout

rates

Drop out rates RSD, DepEd

– Low cohortsurvival rates

Cohort survival rates(Elementary : from Grade 1 toGrade 6/7)

SY 1994-95Elementary: 66.5% Male: 62.01% Female: 71.4%Secondary: 75.59%

SY 1995-96Elementary: 67.16%Secondary: 72.97%

SY 1996-97Elementary: 67.96%Secondary: 70.48% Male: 68.38% Female: 72.43%


SY 1998-99Elementary: 64.09% Male: 60.38% Female: 68.13%Secondary: 70.31% Male: 67.42% Female: 72.97%



SY 2000-01Elementary: 63.45 % Male: 60.77% Female: 66.28%Secondary: 71.68% Male: 69.51% Female: 73.69%

1994-95 : 72.19%1995-96 : 72.43%1996-97 : 72.54%1997-98 : 73.50%1998-99 : 73.69%1999-00 : 70.76%2000-01 : 71.08%

Cohort survival rates(Elementary : from Grade 1 toGrade 6/7)

Cohort survival rates(From Grade 1 to Grade 5)

RSD, DepEd– Low cohortsurvival rates

Elementary SecondarySevere 1.5% 1%Moderate 11.1% 6.7%Mild 21.6% 14.4%Normal 60.4% 72.8%Overweight 5.4% 5.2%

Elementary SecondaryUnder height 13.4% 9.9%Average 86.6% 90.1%

Dental caries – 82%Pediculosis – 75.6%Respiratory infection –60.2%


Province: Basilan

Total: 87.52Male: 86.01Female: 89.09

SaranganiTotal: 85.54Male: 82.99Female: 88.17

AgusanTotal: 88.51Male: 87.97Female: 89.07

Nutritional status of elementary/secondary school children

Status of height (elementary/secondary)

Leading ailments among pupils

Participation rate

Annual Report 2002, Health andNutrition Center, DepEd

RSD, DepEd

– “Inherent”inability ofstudents dueto poor healthand nutrition

Difficulty inreaching hard-to-reach populationor servingchildren at risk

SY 2000-01Elementary: National:

Total: 63.45 %Male: 60.77%Female: 66.28%

Province: Maguindanao

Total: 23.48 %Male: 27.10 %Female: 20.81 %

SuluTotal: 26.09 %Male: 23.36 %Female: 28.36 %

Tawi-TawiTotal: 47.49 %Male: 46.48 %Female: 48.48 %

Cohort survival ratesDifficulty inreaching hard-to-reach populationor servingchildren at risk– Low cohort

survival rates



– Inaccessibilityof somebarangays toschools

– Increasingnumber ofworkingchildren

Poor pedagogicalskills of teachers– Poor quality

of pre-serviceeducation ofteachers

Low access toECCD services

Large andincreasingnumber ofschool-agepopulation– Large family

size– Rapid increase

in populationgrowth

– High fertilityrate

No. of barangays withoutelementary schools

No. of working children

Passing rate in Licensure Examsfor Teachers (LET)

Access of 3-5 years old to earlyeducation services

Total householdsAverage household sizeRate of population increase


2002-2003: 1,054 (3%)

2001: 4.0 million

– 20%

1997-1998: 33.5%

– 15,271,545– 5– 2.36%

Refer to Demographic,Contextual IndicatorsSection

RSD, DepEd

2001 SOC, NSO

PRC 2000

DSWD; Child 21

2000 CPH, NSO

Low income offamilies

Low educationof parents

Level andefficiency ofresource useInadequateresources oneducation– Low per

capita cost foreducation

Unemployment rate

Educational attainment ofpopulation 15 years old and over

Real per elementary/secondarystudent expenditure

– 10.2% (Third Quarter2002)

Education of 15 years oldand over:

Total 15 years old and over= 42.697 m

No grade completed= 1.599 m

Elementary Undergraduate= 8.855 m

Elementary Graduate= 6.441mT

High School Undergraduate= 7.358 m

High School Graduate= 9.033 m

Post Secondary = 0.663 mCollege Undergraduate

= 4.931 mCollege Graduate = 3.760 m

Elementary SecondaryP1,690 (2001) P1,546 (2001)P1,859 (1998) P1,890 (1997)

LFS, NSO

1994 FLEMMS, NSO

Manasan, RG: Financing Interven-tions for Children and Women 2002



– Shortages ofclassrooms,tables, chairs,books

Inefficiency inresourceallocation/deployment– Inequitable

deploymentof teachersespecially atthe local level(division andschool levels)

Increasingdemand foreducationalservices due torapid populationgrowth

Estimated shortages of classrooms,chairs and textbooks

Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) forelementary levelStudent-Teacher Ratio (STR) forsecondary level

Population growth rate

Classrooms:

SY 2001-02Elementary: 8,041Secondary: 27,946

SY 2002-03Elementary: 7,775Secondary: 32,840

SY 2003-04Elementary: 7,533Secondary: 37,163Chairs:

SY 2001-02Secondary: 1,385,586

SY 2002-03Secondary: 1,691,412

SY 2003-04Elementary: 1,299,081Secondary: 1,873,915Textbooks: 24,218,437

National Level:PTR: 35.09STR: 40.2

Division Level:PTR:

Lowest: 4.67 (Batanes)Highest: 703.0 (Antipolo)

STR:Lowest: 2.6 (Maguindanao)Highest: 549.0 (Saranggani)School Level:

PTR:Lowest: 14.3 (Amado T.Reyes ES, Mandaluyong)Highest: 136.3 (KapitanEddie Reyes ES, Taguig)

STR:Lowest: 8.0 (RamonAvanceña HS,Manila)Highest: 265.0 (MuntinlupaScience HS)

– 2.36%

Physical Facilities Division,DepEd 2003

RSD, DepEd 2003

200 CPH, NSO

GOVERNANCE

Disenchantment of the public especially the poor

Surveyed Class E incomeclass: expressed some orlittle confidence in the 3branches of government : Malacanang = 57 % Supreme Court = 39 % Senate/House = 50 %(March 1991)

Social Weather Station SurveyPublic perception on the perfor-mance governance stakeholders

Dissatisfactionon government’sperformance



– 35% of Filipinos notgenerally satisfied with thegovernment’s empower-ment thrusts in June 1995and 38 % in Dec. 1995

– 35.5% of Filipinos notsatisfied with presentnational administration(2003)

First Qtr : 41%Second Qtr : 27 %Third Qtr : 38 %Fourth Qtr : 36 %

Social Weather Station SurveyPublic perception on the perfor-mance governance stakeholders

Dissatisfactionon government’sperformance

– Poverty incidence (39.4%)in 2000 affecting 30.85million out of 76.5 millionFilipinos, an increase from36.8% in 1997

Deprivation of the poor from equal access to basic services and productive assets

Public perception on governmentperformance vis-à-vis povertyreduction


– 50 laws passed supportiveof interest of poor andmarginalized during the11th Congress

– Reengineering study on thedifferent line agencies

– Decline of expenditurepatterns for social servicesas share of GDP from6.44% in 2000 to 5.97%in 2001

– 90%

Congress, National Anti-PovertyCommission

Presidential Commission on GoodGovernment

General Appropriations Act DBM

DBM

No. of legislations prioritizing theprotection of the interests of poor

Conflicting laws/mandate for lineand oversight agencies

Patterns of expenditure during thelast 5 years

LGU dependence on IRA

State structureshave limitedcapacity torespond to thepoor especiallyto women

Inappropriategovernancestructures andsystems

Low expenditurepatterns for basicservices

– Leakage in tax collectionP242.5 billion

– Individual income taxevasion estimated at morethan 60%

– P150 billion lost to taxevasion

– P92 billion constitutesuncollected income tax

– Tax revenues as share ofGDP decreased from 17%in 2000 to 13.5% in 2001

– 36% say very large– 36% say somewhat large– 25% say there is little or

no corruption

– 13% of national budgetlost due to corruption

– In the P781 billion (2001national budget), P100billion lost to corruptionwith 70% involving publicworks and 30% onprocurement

Estimated uncollected taxes andother sources of public revenuesvs. percentage of total publicrevenues

Public perception on magnitude ofcorruption

Estimates of losses due tocorruption

DOF

DBM, DOF

World Bank Study on Corruption,Social Weather Station Survey

UN Conference on Financing forDevelopment

High level of taxevasion

Pervasivenessof graft andcorruption



– Estimated total of US$48billion lost over the last 20years

– Estimates that leakages inprocurement could reachP95 billion in 2001

– Philippines rated as 54th

most corrupt among 99countries surveyed

– Senators who won 2001elections spent a total ofP357.3 million or anaverage of P27.5 millionin their campaign fromFebruary to May 2001

– On average, candidates formayoralty would need P3-20 million and P5-50million is required forprovincial governors andhouse representatives

Estimates of losses due tocorruption

Campaign finance

Office of the Ombudsman

Procurement Watch Inc.

World Bank Study on Corruption

Congress Watch Report No. 63;COMELEC

Pervasivenessof graft andcorruption

Denied Equal Access to Justice

No. of cases successfully pros-ecuted vs. total cases filed in courts

No. of qualified judges and courtpersonnel to provide poor legalassistance

No. and availability of publicattorneys

Increase casebacklogs

Inadequate legalassistance to thepoor

Supreme Court of the Philippines,Office of the OmbudsmanSandiganbayan

Supreme Court of the Philippines

Assessment of PAO 2003

– General average of judicialdisposition of casesannually is only at 85.83and it takes 850 days toresolve a criminal case and749 days for a civil case(1999)

– Total of 567,051 newcases filed during theperiod of January –December 2000 and only357,644 resolved for thesame period.

– Out of 55,460 cases filedand/or pending in theOMB from 1991-97, only39% disposed off andremaining 61% stillpending and awaitingdisposition

– In the Ombudsman andSandigan-bayan, 61% ofcases are pending andawaiting disposition

– Clearance rate in anti-graftcourts is at 24% (1994-98)and 45% for lower courtsfor the same period

– 31.88% vacancy in lowercourts, 51.88% inmunicipal circuit trialcourts (2000)

– 204 vacant seats withregional trial court, 161with municipal trial court,244 with municipal circuittrial courts (2000)

– On average, one publicattorney has to serve 2.36courts



– 34.4% of surveyed publiclawyers responded they donot have sufficient time todiscuss the case with theirclient

– 8% said that they havesufficient time

– 5% of total jail popula-tions in the BJMP areminors. Male population isat 94% and 6% arefemales

– Average acceptance fee ofP20,000 and P1,000 as anappearance fee

– Public Attorney’s Officecan only represent oneclient in a case even ifboth clients are indigents

– 31.88% vacancy in lowercourts, 51.88% inmunicipal circuit trialcourts (2000)

– 204 vacant seats withregional trial court, 161with municipal trial court,244 with municipal circuittrial courts (2000)

– 1.07% of national budgetor less than P7 millionallocated for judiciary

– Monthly take home pay ofa first level court judgeincluding allowances mayrange from P30,000-P38,000

The 1987 PhilippineConstitution provides for aJudiciary which is indepen-dent from the Legislative andExecutive branches ofgovernment

Provided for in the SpeedyTrial Act and the Rules ofCourt adopted by theSupreme Court of thePhilippines

Establishment of PublicAttorney’s Office (PAO)under the Department ofJustice, which provides freelegal assistance to the poor

Philippine jurisprudenceprovides for clear examplesof legal remedies that can beavailed of by poor litigants

Inadequate legalassistance to thepoor

Unfair practicesin the adminis-tration of justice

Case discussion between publicattorney and indigent client

No. of youth and female inmatesin jail

Cost of litigation

Availability of courts and Courtpersonnel

Percentage of judicial nationalbudget vs national budget

Salary level of judges

Legal guarantees for independentJudiciary

Procedural guarantees for fair trial

Availability of free legal assistancefor the criminal defense of poorpeople throughout the country

Existence of legal remedies inconformity with internationalstandards

Assessment of PAO 2003

Bureau of Jail Management andPenology Report

Supreme Court of the Philippines

Congressional Planning and BudgetOffice 2001

Blueprint of Action for the Judiciary2000, SC,UNDP,NEDA

Philippine 1987 Constitution

Supreme Court of the Philippines,Philippine Congress

Department of Justice

Supreme CourtDepartment of Justice



Disenfranchised to effectively participate in governance

– 14 sectoral representativesqualified out of the 50allotted seats (1998)

– 13 sectoral representativeswere able to make it(2001)

– Basic sector representationduring last 30 years from 7basic sector types duringthe Marcos years to 9sectors during the Aquinopresidency. Under theRamos and Estrada years,all sectors have representa-tives in various executivebodies at the national level

– DILG reported there are4,635 NGOs and POsseating in the LocalDevelopment Councils(1997) compared to lessthan 1,000 during 1992

– Passage of laws such asthe Modernization Law ofCOMELEC, Voter’sRegistration Act of 1996and RA 8436

– POs are engaged in jointprojects on the followingLGU concerns: coopera-tive development,fisheries, peace and orderand sanitation.

– Gender-related projectsaccount for 7%, relativelylow number for justice andhuman rights joint projects

– Farmers account for 31%of seats in thePARCCOMs dividedamong grassrootsassociations and coopera-tives

Povertydiscourages thepoor toparticipate

Poor mecha-nisms foreffective people’sparticipation

Limitedparticipation ofdisadvantagedwomen

No. of party list representativesover total number of representa-tives

No. of appointees by sector indecision-making bodies

Participatory mechanismsmandated by law

Efforts in addressing electoralproblems

Venues for people’s participationare only accessible to organizedgroups

House of Representatives

National Anti-Poverty Commission

SRA Sourcebook 1997

COMELEC

DILG Survey of Devolution, 2000

DAR

12th Congress– 18% or 42 members of

the present HOR arewomen

– 15.2% of gubernatorialposts

– 12.7% of vice-gubernato-rial post

– 189 women mayors– 161 women vice-mayors– In the judiciary, 21.4% or

318 out of 1,487 totalincumbent judges arewomen

– In Supreme Court, 4 outof the 14 incumbentjudges are women

Congress;National Commission on the Role ofFilipino Women

Women representation in publicdecision-making positions at thelocal and national level

Limitedparticipation ofdisadvantagedwomen



The 1987 Constitutionprovides for regular nationaland local elections whilevarious laws includingresolutions of emanatingfrom the Commission onElections provide policyguidelines in the conduct ofa fair and free elections

Estimated at around 65,000 to70,000 including people’sorganizations and labor unions

There are several independentbroadcasting and print mediaoutfits which are organizedunder the “Kapisanan ng MgaBrodkasters ng Pilipinas” orKBP (Association ofBroadcasters in the Philippines)

Commission on Elections

Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC);

Department of Labor and Employ-ment (DOLE)Department of Transportation andCommunications (DOTC)

Periodicity of free and fairelections

Number of independent NGOs/CSOs and employers’ and workers’organizations operating in the country

Existence of independentbroadcasting and print media

Limited access todemocraticinstitutions andprocesses

– At least 143 familiesidentified as havingcontrol positions in thelegislature for more thanone term

– 75% of political familiescontrolling certainpositions switchedpolitical parties

– Female representation inpresent HOR is 19%compared to the 81% malerepresentation

– Senators who won 2001elections spent a total ofP357.3 million or anaverage of P27.5 millionin their campaign fromFebruary to May 2001

– 2002, 55% of ODAproject loans portfolio wasimplemented

– 44% was administered bygovernment-owned &controlled corporations &government financialinstitutions

– 1999-2000, 60% went toinfrastructure

– 22% agro-industrialdevelopment

– 12% to human develop-ment & social services

– Availment decreased from62 to 59% between 2001& 2002.

– 2002, total of 31 out of136 loans worth $257Mwere partially cancelled.

Unavailability of govern-ment counterpart funds tomatch donor assistance forspecific developmentprogrammes & projects

Congress

Congress Watch Report No. 63

NEDA/PIS

Percentage of politicians electedand appointed coming frompolitical clans

Profile of political leaders

Transparency in financing electoralcampaigns

Implementation rate (target vs.actual)

Availment rate or actual cumula-tive disbursements/targetcumulative disbursements

Availability of funds and mainte-nance budget

Domination andcontrol by few

Lack ofsustainabilitymeasures indevelopmentprograms



PEACE, SECURITY AND PROTECTION

Increase of NPA strength by13% annual average since1995

105 NPA guerilla fronts or5% increase from 2001-2002

Increase of NPA firearms by21% annual average since1995

Increase in NPA affectedbarangays by 17% annualaverage since 1995; 22%increase in NPA affectedbarangays for 2001-2002

“All-out war” in 2000;Armed conflict in firstquarter of 2003

Close to 300,000 peopledisplaced in April 2002,almost half were childrenand young people

411,849 persons displaced atthe height of the 2003 war

In November 2002,displacements were recordedas follows: Maguindanao(207,586); Sulu (89, 272);Lanao del Norte(58, 891);North Ctabato (32,189) andMarawi City (52,944).

Total cost of assistance forevacuees estimated at P342million in August 2001

Relief costs estimated atP18.4 million in March 2003

Increase in NPA/MILF strength

Increase of NPA firearms

Number of NPA affected/influenced barangays

Number of large-scale armedhostilities between the AFP andthe MILF

Number of displaced persons

Increase in defense, relief andrehabilitation expenses

Protractedarmed conflicts

Social andEconomicdislocation

Military report cited in MartinMarfil, “Red Fighters ExpandBases”, Phil Daily Inquirer, 5 Aug2002, p A3.

AFP

Amnesty International

DSWD; Tabang Mindanaw

PDI, March 2003

Number of children andyoung people involved asspies, couriers or combatantsestimated at 13% of therebel population

Some 9,039 houses damagedby 2000 war. Of this, 6,455(71.43%) were totallydestroyed and 2,581(28.56%) were partiallydamaged

In November 2001, 849,000or 90% of the estimated932,000 displaced by theconflict had returned homeor moved to other places ofrelocation


Number of children involved inarmed conflict

Number of houses partially ortotally damaged

Migration patterns

AFP;Child 21, CWC-UNICEF

Ramiro, 2002

WB, 2003



– ARMM suffered a declinein GRDP from P9,183 Min 1999 to P9,071 in 2000(at constant 1985 prices)with inflation rate thatreached 9.3% more thantwice the 4.3% for theentire island

– Only 50% of the P30billion investment targetgenerated in ARMM in2000

– 8,216 workers lost theirjobs while 334 firmssuspended operations orhave stopped operating inARMM during the 2000all-out war

About 3% of the 4,000members of the NegrosOriental Federation ofAgrarian Reform Beneficia-ries Organization joined theNPA after tiring of waitingfor land ownership


Abject Poverty

Economic cost of conflict

Land ownership opportunity

2002 PSY, NSCB

DTI

DA

Ferrer 2002

Sulu, Basilan, Lanao del Surhave lowest underemploy-ment rates; from 1997-2000,Sulu had an averageunderemployment rate of5.7%; Basilan, 4.6%; Suluhas the lowest female activityrate at only 19.1%, less thana fourth of the correspond-ing male rate.

66% of families in ARMMlive below poverty linecompared to the nationalaverage of 33.7% in 2000

ARMM has highest povertyincidence

6 conflict-affected areas inMindanao and 4 NPA-affected areas in Visayascomprise 10 bottomprovinces

Basilan, Sultan Kudarat andZamboanga del Sur areamong the top ten losers inper capita income

Unemployment/underemploymentrate

Poverty incidence in conflict-affected areas

PHDR 2002


PHDR 2000

World Bank



Impacts of globalization and influence from financial lending institutions

– Indigenous People’s RightsAct (protection ofancestral lands) vis-à-visthe Mining Act (allowsforeign mining companiesaccess to these ancestrallands)

– Pacification position(maximum concession toadversary; minimumconcession on one’s side),Victory position (militarydefeat of the insurgents;“divide-and-rule” rebelleaders and the institu-tional or peace buildingposition (construction ofinstitutions of peace anddevelopment throughconsultative and participa-tory mechanisms)

Congress

Oquist 2002

Incoherent and conflictinggovernment policies and laws

Competing policy positions

Governmentpolicies and laws

PEACE, SECURITY AND PROTECTION

– 60,000 to 100,000children nationwidevictims of commercialsexual exploitation

– 246,011 street childrenincluding about 45,000-50,000 highly visible streetchildren in major cities andurban centers

– 13.4% children andwomen

– 2001: of the 4 millionchildren 5 to 17 years old,59.4% or 2.4 millionchildren were exposed tohazardous and exploitativeworking conditions such aspyrotechnics, mining andquarrying, constructionand deep sea fishing

– 2001: 5,905, majority ofwhom have been subjectedto pre-trial detention

– 1999 : 3,747

Child 21, CWC-UNICEF

Study by Social Research Develop-ment Center, DLSU 2000;Child 21, CWC-UNICEF

DSWD

2001 SOC, NSO

BJMP Report

Magnitude, service head count

Proportion of children forced tolive and/or work in the streets(child exploitation)

Percentage of women and childrenbeing trafficked

No. of working children aged 5-17years old

No. of children in conflict withthe law

Children andwomen who aresexuallyexploited

Children andwomensubjected toviolence outsideof armedconflict(corporalpunishment,torture in thehome, school,institution)

Children andwomen aretrafficked

Women andchildren inforced andbonded labor(hazardous,exploited)

Children andwomen withoutprimarycaregivers (HIV/AIDS, orphans,children indetention,institutions)


2. CONFERENCE INDICATORS

Source of DataMD Target IndicatorNational Indicator

(proxy)MD

Conflict Prevention and Peace-building

Data and Trends

Peace, securityand disarma-ment

PREVENTINGVIOLENT CONFLICTS

Men and women havethe right to live theirlives and raise theirchildren in dignity, freefrom hunger and fromthe fear of violence,oppression or injustice.(Millennium Declaration,Values and Principles onFreedom)

– Peaceful negotiatedsettlement of armedconflict

– Status on theimplementation ofGRP-MNLF peaceagreement

– Former combatantselected and appointedto various posts at thedistrict, provincial andnational levels.

1995: GRP-RAM peaceagreement signed1996: Peace Agreement signedwith the MNLF1997-2003: Continuing GRPnegotiation with MILF1994-2003: IntermittentGRP-NDF peace negotiations

2002: 1,500 MNLF formercombatants fully integratedinto the PNP; Regionalsecurity force under the PNPoperationalized in May 20022003: 5,815 former MNLFintegrated in the AFP; ARMMUnified Command establishedthrough Executive Order 212on May 2003

2001: new ARMM legislatedby virtue of plebiscite onAugust 2001, new leaders ofARMM and ARL2003: GMA appointed a totalof 80 Muslims in theExecutive and Judiciarybranches of government incompliance with Article 5 ofRA 9054

Office of thePresidentialAdvisors on thePeace Process(OPAPP)


2001: Actual investmentreached Php 12.6 billion in2001 with 79% of the totalinvestments from ODAassistance2002: National Program forUnification and Developmentunder the OPAPP who hasprovided socio-economicassistance program, to MNLFcommunities through skillstraining, income generatingprojects, resettlement housingand study grants to a total1,744 MNLF members andtheir families

1990s : 5 peace zonesestablished nation-wide

2002: 10-12 peace zonesestablished nation-wide

2003: 160 peace and develop-ment communities establishedthrough GoP-UN MultidonorProgramme Phase 3

PREVENTINGVIOLENT CONFLICTS

– Community-basedrehabilitationprogrammes

– Number of armedconflicts settled atlocal level

– Number of peacepacts/agreementsbetween governmentand armed rebelgroups

– Number of commu-nity-based peace anddevelopmentinitiatives sustained,especially in conflict-affected areas

2002 MindanaoBudget Summit

OPAPP

OPAPP



(proxy)MD Data and Trends

2001: Executive Order No. 3defines policy and administra-tive structure forGovernment’s comprehensivepeace efforts

– Comprehensivenational peace policyestablished throughExecutive Order

HUMAN RIGHTS,DEMOCRACY ANDGOOD GOVER-NANCE

We will spare no effortto promote democracyand strengthen the ruleof law, as well as respectfor all internationallyrecognized human rightsand fundamentalfreedoms, including theright to development.(Millennium Declarationon Human Rights,Democracy and GoodGovernance)


OPAPP

HUMAN RIGHTS,DEMOCRACY ANDGOOD GOVER-NANCE

PROTECTING THEVULNERABLE

We will spare no effortto ensure that childrenand all civilian popula-tions that sufferdisproportionately theconsequences of naturaldisasters, genocide,armed conflicts andother humanitarianemergencies are givenevery assistance andprotection so that theycan resume normal life assoon as possible.(Millennium Declarationon Protecting theVulnerable)

Protocol Additional tothe Geneva Conventionof August 1949, andRelating to the Protec-tion of Victims of Non-International ArmedConflicts/Protocol 2(July 1987)

International Humanitar-ian Law

– Peace and Develop-ment included inMTPDP, definingpeace and develop-ment priorities andthrusts for Mindanao

– Decrease in numberand frequency ofdisplacement due toarmed conflict

– Agreements on HRand IHL

1999: MTPDP adopted byGovernment with chapter 15on Peace and Development forMindanao; Comprehensivepeace programme reflected inchapter 17 on Law and Order

2000: 755,369 peopledisplaced; all-out-war policyof the Estrada administration2001: 1,002,855 peopledisplaced in Mindanao2002: close to 300,000 peopledisplaced as a result of thegovernment operations in Sulu

1998: Comprehensiveagreement on HR and IHL(CAHR-IHL) signed betweenGRP and the NDF

NEDA

PDI, Tumbaga(August 2000)

DSWD August2001World Bank, 2003

OPAPP





Declaration of HumanRights, 1948

– Number of deaths(insurgents, soldiers,non-combatants)

– Number of HRviolations

– Increase in relief andrehabilitationexpenditures

– Growth of militaryexpenditures

1969-2001: as a direct resultof internal conflicts, civilianand military lives lost at122,000 in the Philippines (asof available data collected inAugust 2001)

2000: 892 casualties by Sept2000 with 465 dead eitherfrom armed conflict, bombblast or epidemics breaking outin the evacuation centers

2001: over a hundred peoplewere illegally arrested anddetained in line with the DOJmemo authorizing warrantlessarrest in the area.

2002: 1,486 cases of humanrights violations documentedby the Ecumenical Movementfor Justice and Peace, andKarapatan in Basilan (affecting42,898 individuals including1,377 families in 44 communi-ties); lives of 167 leaders andmember of legitimate people’sorganizations claimed by the20-month anti-insurgencycampaign dubbed “OplanHabol Tamaraw”

2001: Total cost of assistancefor evacuees estimated at Php342 million in the form ofrelief supplies, construction ofbunk houses, core shelters andevacuation centers2003: relief cost estimated atPhp 18.4 million

1968-1997: Estimated cost ofinternal conflict in Philippinesbetween 1968-1997 pegged atUS$ 5,100 million2002: Defense with a Php41.5 billion or 5.3% allocationin 2002 budget (out of Php780.8 billion)

Waging Peace inthe Philippines, C.Hernandez, Dec.2002

PDI, Tumbaga

Waging Peace inthe Philippines, W.Tanada, Dec. 2002

PDI, March 2003;Ramiro, 2002

PDI, March 2003

Waging Peace inthe Philippines, C.Hernandez, Dec.20022002 MindanaoBudget Summit





Protocol II Article IV (3)of the Geneva conven-tion states that “childrenshall be provided withcare and aid theyrequire…”Article XIII of the sameconvention espouses that“the civilian populationand individual civiliansshall enjoy generalprotection against thedangers arising frommilitary operations.”Convention on theRights of the Child (Sept2000) clearly declaresthat “state parties shalltake appropriatemeasures to promotephysical and psychologi-cal recovery and socialreintegration of a childvictim of any form ofneglect, exploitation, orabuse; torture or anyform of cruel, inhumanor degrading treatmentor punishment; or armedconflicts. Such reco-veryand reintegration shallplace in an environmentwhich fosters the health,self-respect and dignityof the child.”

Optional Protocol to theConvention on theRights of the Child(CRC) on the Involve-ment of Children inArmed Conflict (Sept2000) prohibitsgovernment and armedgroups from usingchildren under the age of18 years old in hostilities,compulsory militaryservice or voluntaryrecruitment. 0

– Protectionprogrammes forchildren in situationsof armed conflict

– Utilizing andrecruiting children(either as child soldiersor spies)

RA 7610 provided specialprotection of children againstchild abuse, exploitation anddiscrimination1990s: CSAC programmeestablished2001: Executive Order 56defining comprehensiveprogram framework forchildren involved in armedconflict

2002: Abu Sayyaf Group(ASG) utilized 7 children in itsoperation against the AFP

2002: AFP estimated thatnumber of children involvedin armed conflict is 13% ofthe total rebel population ofthe NPA as well as the MILF

OPAPP (Ermita,Feb. 2002)

OPAPP (Ermita,Feb. 2002)

AFP;Child 21, CWC-UNICEF


D. DATA GAPS FOR THEMATIC INDICATORS

Environment

• Data is sporadically generated, based on quantified amounts in particular years, in limited areas and therefore trend analysisis difficult

• Water body classification is incomplete

• No complete groundwater map

• Inadequate amount of monitoring systems for air / water pollution nationwide

• Imprecise national figures, data only available in some areas, no repository for all data

• Proportion of land owners to land area unknown

Peace, Security and Protection

• No data on number of schools closed; areas without electricity, water, health facilities in conflict areas


TABLES, SIDE BOXES AND FIGURES

Table 1: Millenium Development Goals/Targets, Philippines

Target 1: Halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty between1990-2015

Target 2: Halve the proportion of population below the minimum level ofdietary energy consumption and halve the proportion of underweight children(under five years old)

Target 3: Halve the proportion of people with no access to safe drinkingwater or those who cannot afford it by 2015

Target 4: Achieve universal access to primary education by 2015

Target 5: Eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education,preferably by 2005, and all levels of education not later than 2015

Target 6: Reduce under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 2015

Target 7: Reduce maternal mortality rate by three-quarters by 2015 (half by2000, half by 2015)

Target 8: Increase access to basic reproductive health services to 60 percentby 2005, 80 percent by 2010, and 100 percent by 2015

Target 9: Halt and reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015

Target 10: Have halted by 2015, and begun to reverse the incidence ofmalaria and other major diseases

Target 11: Implement national strategies for sustainable development by2005, to reverse loss of environmental resources by 2015

Target 12: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the livesof at least 100 million slum dwellers

Target 13: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscrimina-tory trading and financial system, include a commitment to good governance,development and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally

Target 14: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developingcountries through national and international measures in order to make debtssustainable in the long-term

GOALS TARGETS

Goal 1. Eradicate extreme povertyand hunger

Goal 2. Achieve universal primaryeducation

Goal 3. Promote gender equality

Goal 4. Reduce child mortality

Goal 5. Improve maternal health

Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS,malaria, and other diseases

Goal 7. Ensure environmentalsustainability

Goal 8. Develop a global partner-ship for development

Source: Philippine Progress Report on the MDG, January 2003.


Table 2: Status of Ratification of Principal International Human Rights Treaties, as of 7 July 2003

TreatyDates of

Source of Basic Data: Web-based - http://www.unhchr.ch/pdf/report.pdf

Treaty Body (Committeeof Expert Monitoring

Implementation Signature Ratification Accession

1. International Covenant onEconomic, Social andCultural Rights (CESCR)

2. International Covenant onCivil and Political Rights(CCPR)

3. Optional Protocol to theInternational Covenant onCivil and Political Rights(CCPR-OP1)

4. Second Optional Protocol tothe International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights,aimed at the abolition of thedeath penalty (CCPR-OP2-DP)

5. International Convention onthe Elimination of All Formsof Racial Discrimination(CERD)

6. Convention on the Elimina-tion of All Forms ofDiscrimination againstWomen (CEDAW)

7. Optional Protocol to theConvention on the Elimina-tion of All Forms ofDiscrimination againstWomen (CEDAW-OP)

8. Convention against Tortureand Other Cruel, Inhuman orDegrading Treatment orPunishment (CAT)

9. Convention on the Rights ofthe Child (CRC)

10. Optional Protocol to theConvention on the Rights ofthe Child (CRC-OP-AC) onthe involvement in armedconflict

11. Optional Protocol to theConvention on the Rights ofthe Child (CRC-OP-SC) onthe sale of children, childprostitution and childpornography

12. International Convention onthe Protection of the Rightsof All Migrant Workers andMembers of Their Families(MWC), which was adoptedby the General Assembly in1990 and will enter into forcewhen 20 States have accepted

Committee on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights

Human Rights Committee



Committee on theElimination of RacialDiscrimination

Committee on theElimination of Discrimi-nation against Women

Committee on theElimination of Discrimi-nation against Women

Committee againstTorture

Committee on the Rightsof the Child



21 Mar 2000

08 Sep 2000

08 Sep 2000

07 Jan 1976

23 Jan 1987

04 Jan 1969

04 Sep 1981

20 Sep 1990

01 Jul 2003

22 Nov 1989

26 Jun 1987


Table 3: Other International Instruments Signed/Ratified/Acceded to by the Philippines Relating to Human Rights

Instruments

Dates of

Source: Web-based – http://www.unodc.org/unodc/crime_cicp_convention.html

Signature Ratification Accession

1. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of theCrime Genocide

2. Convention on the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons andof the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others

3. Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons

4. Slavery Convention of 1926 as Amended

5. Convention on the Political Rights of Women

6. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, theSlave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery

7. Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age forMarriage and Registration of Marriages

8. Convention on the Non-applicability of Statutory Limita-tions to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity

9. International Convention on the Suppression and Punish-ment on the Crime of Apartheid

10. Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees

11. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

12. International Convention Against Apartheid in Sports

13. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention of 12August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victimsof Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 2)

14. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (entryinto force 29 September 2003)

15. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking inPersons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing theUN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (notyet in force)

16. Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Seaand Air, Supplementing the UN Convention againstTransnational Organized Crime (not yet in force)

11 Dec 1949

20 Dec 1950

22 Jun 1955

23 Sep1953

5 Feb 1963

2 May 1974

16 May 1986

14 Dec 2000

14 Dec 2000

14 Dec 2000

07 Jul 1950

19 Sep 1952

12 Sep 1957

21 Jan 1965

26 Jan 1978

27 Jul 1987

11 Dec 1986

28 May 2002

28 May 2002

28 May 2002

12 Jul 1955

17 Nov 1964

15 May 1973

22 Jul 198122 Jul 1981

11 Jul 1987


Table 4: List of Human Rights-related International Labor Conventions Ratified by the Philippines

29 December 1953

29 December 1953

29 December 1953

17 November 1960

17 November 1960

28 November 2000

04 June 1998

International Labor Conventions Date of Ratification

C.87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948(No.87)Right of workers to form and join organizations of their own choosing without prior authorization, andwithout interference from public authorities.

C.98 Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively Convention, 1949 (No.98)Right to organize and bargain collectively, and protection against anti-union discrimination and employerinterference.

C.100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No.100)Requires equal pay and benefits for men and women for work of equal value.

C.105 Abolition of Forced Labor Convention, 1957 (No.105)Prohibits forced or compulsory labor in all its forms, as a means of political coercion or education,punishment for the expression of political or ideological views, workforce mobilization, labor discipline,punishment for participation in strikes, or discrimination.

C.111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No.111)Calls for elimination of discrimination in access to employment and training and working conditions, ongrounds or race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin and to promoteequality of opportunity and treatment.

C.182 Prohibition and Immediate Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor Conven-tion, 1999 (No.182)Calls for the immediate elimination of the worst and most hazardous forms of child labor, adds to, anddoes not supersede Convention 13.

C.138 Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)Establishes the minimum age for admission to employment (15, or 14 for countries meeting developingcountry exceptions, and not less than the age for completion of compulsory schooling), and stipulates theminimum age for admission to hazardous work (18).

Source: ILO

Table 5: Ten Poorest Provinces in the Philippines: 1997 and 2000

Region Rank‘00

Source of Basic Data: 1997 and 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO

Source of Poverty Statistics : Inter-Agency Technical Working Group on Income and Poverty Statistics. The estimates of poverty incidence were computed based on the new methodology approved by

the NSCB Executive Board

Rank‘97

Inc/Dec(%)

2000Poverty

Incidence(%)

1997Poverty

Incidence(%)

Province

Sulu 67.1 63.2 -3.9 1 1

Masbate 61.4 62.8 1.4 2 2

Tawi-Tawi 35.0 56.5 21.5 40 3

Ifugao 57.7 55.6 -2.1 4 4

Romblon 52.8 55.2 2.4 8 5

Maguindanao 41.6 55.1 13.5 27 6

Lanao del Sur 55.6 55.0 -0.6 7 7

Sultan Kudarat 36.6 54.3 17.7 38 8

Camiguin 32.5 53.1 20.6 49 9

Camarines Norte 49.7 52.7 3.0 10 10

Autonomous Region in MuslimMindanao

Region V – Bicol Region


Cordillera Administrative Region

Region IV – Southern Tagalog



Region XII – Central Mindanao

Region X – Northern Mindanao

Region V – Bicol Region


Table 6: Poverty Incidence in the Philippines and Rank: 1997 and 2000 (Ranked by Region, #1: Highest Incidence)

Region Rank‘00

Source of Basic Data: 1997 and 2000 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, NSO

Source of Poverty Statistics : Inter-Agency Technical Working Group on Income and Poverty Statistics. The estimates of poverty incidence were computed based on the new methodology approved by

the NSCB Executive Board

Rank‘97

2000Poverty

Incidence(%)

1997Poverty

Incidence(%)

National Capital Region 4.8 16 5.7 16

Region I – Ilocos Region 31.4 10 29.6 12

Region II – Cagayan Valley 27.1 13 24.8 13

Region III – Central Luzon 13.9 15 17.0 15

Region IV – Southern Tagalog 22.8 14 20.8 14

Region V – Bicol Region 46.9 2 49.0 2

Region VI – Western Visayas 37.2 7 37.8 6.5

Region VII – Central Visayas 29.8 12 32.3 9

Region VIII – Eastern Visayas 29.9 5 37.8 6.5

Region IX – Western Mindanao 31.9 9 38.3 5

Region X – Northern Mindanao 37.8 6 32.9 8

Region XI – Southern Mindanao 31.1 11 31.5 10

Region XII – Central Mindanao 45.3 3 48.4 3

Cordillera Administrative Region 35.9 8 31.1 11

Autonomous Region in Muslin Mindanao 50.0 1 57.0 1

Caraga 44.7 4 42.9 4


Table 7: Graft Prone MDG-Related Government Agencies

Government Agency

Source: Assessment Report of CCA Theme Group on Governance 2003

Losses Paid in BribesNumber of

Cases(1993-98)

Department of Public Works and Highways 1762 10-30 percent of total cost of the publicwork projects

Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1149 15 percent of reforestation costs (1988-1992)

Department of Education 1046 20-65 percent total costs of textbooks procured

Department of Health 289 20-40 percent of medicines procured

Department of Interior and Local Governments 247 P45 million a year in ghost payroll

Department of Agriculture 393 10-50 percent total cost of farm inputs

Table 8: Total Government Spending on Health


PercentShare

National Government 7.19 2.09 2.95 12.23 71.9

Local Government Units 0.28 0.73 0.38 1.39 8.2

Social Insurance 1.82 1.57 3.39 19.9

Total Government 9.29 2.82 4.9 17.01 100

Percent share 54.6 16.6 28.8 100

Total Government as % of GNP 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.4

National Government 9.89 4.07 4.67 18.63 46.0

Local Government Units 3.92 7.88 3.68 15.48 38.3

Social Insurance 3.87 2.49 6.36 15.7

Total Government 17.68 11.95 10.84 40.47 100

Percent share 43.7 29.5 26.8 100

Total Government as % of GNP 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.6

TotalOtherPublic

Health CarePersonal

Health Care

Billions PHP1991

Billions PHP1997


Table 9: Comparative basic Statistics in Selected Asian Countries

Expenditure onEduc. Inst. as a

% of GDP (1999)5

Expenditure perStudent Relative

to GDP perCapita4

Expenditure perStudent3

GDPper

Capita2

Index Change inSch-age Popn

(Base Year2000=100)1

Country Ages Ages Ages Ages Primary Secondary Public Private

5-14 15-19 5-14 15-19 Education Education Primary Secondary Sources Sources

China 18 7 82 95 3617 372 833 10 23 1.4 1.1

Japan 10 6 92 82 24,898 5,240 6,039 21 24 2.7 0.2

Korea 14 8 89 81 15,712 2.838 3,419 21 25 3.2 0.8

Malaysia 22 10 102 116 8,209 1,015 1,813 12 22 3.7 -

Philippines 24 11 105 118 3,805 474 406 14 15 3.4 1.7

Thailand 16 9 99 99 6,132 - - - - 2.8 0.1

1Projections Year 20152In equivalent US$ converted using Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate (PPP): 1999 data3In equivalent US$ converted using PPPs data of Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines include public institutions only4On public institutions only for Malaysia and the Philippines.5Primary secondary and post secondary non-tertiary levels.

Source: Financing Education – Investments and Returns, An Analysis of the World Education Indicators, 2002 Edition

UNESCO/OECD World Education Indicators Programme, Paris, 2002

of Popn(2000)

1994 26,171,999,000 2,960,442,000 29,132,441,000 122,888,867 2,260.28 2,030.59 229.69 2,260.28 2,030.59 229.69

1995 31,009,868,000 3,800,705,000 34,810,573,000 13,619,040 2,556.02 2,276.95 279.07 2,366.69 2,108.29 258.40

1996 38,336,046,000 3,648,658,000 41,984,704,000 13,984,548 3,002.22 2,741.31 260.91 2,544.25 2,323.14 221.11

1997 47,407,401,000 3,705,354,000 51,112,755,000 14,392,833 3,551.26 3,293.82 257.44 2,841.01 2,635.06 205.95

1998 67,586,938,000 4,522,567,000 72,109,505,000 14,785,257 4,877.12 4,571.24 305.88 3,559.94 3,336.67 223.27

1999 71,137,735,000 4,086,156,000 75,223,891,000 15,070,046 4,991.62 4,720.47 271.14 3,418.92 3,233.20 185.71

2000 72,111,660,000 5,288,604,000 77,400,264,000 15,254,213 5,074.03 4,727.33 346.70 3,338.18 3,110.09 228.09

Table 10: Per Capita Cost (Basic Education), 1994 to 2003

PerCapitaCost

(MOOE)

PerCapitaCost(PS)

PerCapitaCost

(PS &MOOE)

PerCapitaCost

(MOOE)

PerCapitaCost(PS)

PerCapitaCost

(PS &MOOE)

TotalEnrolment(Excluding

ARMM)

Nominal Values Real ValuesBudget (In Phil. Peso)

TotalMOOEPSYear

Legend: PS - Personal Services

MOOE - Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses

Source: Department of Education - Office of Planning Service


Table 12: MDG-Related Devolved Functions

LGU Devolved Services, Functionsand Regulatory Powers


National Agency

Social Welfare and Services Department of Social Welfare and Development

Agricultural Extension Department of Agriculture

Field Health & Hospital services, Department of Healthother Tertiary Health services

Locally Funded Infrastructure Projects Department of Public Works and Highways

School Building Program Department of Education

Community-based Forestry Projects Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Reclassification of Agricultural Lands Department of Agrarian Reform

Enforcement of Environmental Laws Department of Environment and Natural Resources

Inspection of Food Products and Quarantine Department of Health

GENERAL BUDGET ITEMS 1997 1998 1999 2000

Economic Services 24.9 26.9 33.4 40.0

Social Services 26.3 28.5 35.3 42.3

General Public Services 19.9 21.5 26.7 32.0

Table 11: Internal Revenue Allotment for LGUs (In Billion Philippine Pesos)


Institutional CapacitiesReasons

Actions of the InstitutionsState of the InstitutionsFactorsSub-sector

Overlapping mandates andprogrammes; conflictingpolicies and strategies

Non-integration of sectoraland local development plans

Non-prioritization of C&Missues in the deployment ofnational assets

No industry development plansconsistent with public sectoractions on C&M

Weak enforcement of C&Mregulations

Lack of and inaccurate database on C&M ecosystems andresource-use

Non-integration in publicsector actions on C&M of theexternal population pressureson these ecosystems

Concentration of industrialactivities in high density areas

Poor rationality of distributionof space increases costs ofservices

Low quality employmentopportunities

High costs and low qualityenforcement of laws andregulations

Multiple agencies involved inland administration and servicedelivery

Confusing tenure systems andinstruments on FW

Poor LGU support for uplandcommunities

Poor valuation of FWresources

Poor application of PA21principles in FW mgt

Technical standards of FW mgtdiffer across their users

Disharmony in statutory andcustomary standards and normson FW management

Lack of a National PolicyFramework on C&M

Weak governance capacities inthe sub-sector

Weak ecologically appropriateknowledge systems in coastalcommunities

Urban-oriented industrial policy

Poor urban planning andenforcement of zoning

Insufficient supply of services

Political system favorsdensification

Absence of a National LandUse Policy

Lack of access to resources andproductive assets

Poor, unrealistic data andinformation on agriculture,agrarian reform and environ-ment

Disharmony of planningsystems with customary FWresource use systems

Disharmony between regulationand enforcement

Lack of understanding of FWby officials and their users

Ethical systems on FW differacross users

Inappropriate technologies usedin upland farming and otherresource uses

Limited investments andsupport for investments

Insufficient ratioof qualityemployment todemand

High density ofsettlements

Insufficientservices

Breachedcarryingcapacities

Deterioratingland quality dueto soil erosion,land pollutionand landconversion

Poverty in FW

Land usesystems

Water use

Undesirablemigration tocoastal areas

High ratio ofimmigration toemigration infew commercialareas

Decliningcompetitivenessof agriculturevis-à-vis services

Population (size,density,structure,fertility)

Global trade(value,substitution anddemand fornaturalresources)

Climate change

Coastal andMarine(C&M)

Urban

LowlandAgriculture(LA)

Forests andWatersheds(FW)

Table 13: Sub-sector Issue Analysis for Environment


Period China Thailand Indonesia Philippines

1960 – 1980 * NA 1.3 1.6 1.0

1980 – 2000 ** 4.7 1.0 1.5 0.1

All Periods 1.2 1.5 0.2

Notes: * 1960-1980 estimates pertain to 1971-1991data for Indonesia and Thailand, 1961-1980 data for the Philippines;

** 1980-2000 estimates pertain to 1979-1995 data for China (covering rice, wheat, and corn only), 1981-1998 data for Indonesia and 1980-1998 data for the Philippines.

Source: Mundlak et al (2002) for Indonesia, Thailand, and Philippines: Jin et al (2002) for China.

Table 15: Comparison of Health Indicators across Income Quintiles, Philippines:

Quintiles

Poorest RichestIndicator AveragePoor/RichRatio

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

IMR per 1000 live births 48.8 38.2 33.7 24.9 20.98 36 2.35

Under 5 MR per 1000 live 79.8 60.5 49.7 33.4 20.9 54.9 2.73births

TFR 6.5 4.7 3.6 2.9 2.1 3.7 3.095

Age 15-19 Specific 130 90 32 29 12 46 10.833Fertility Rate (births per1000 population)

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 40.1 50.2 47 0.80

Source: 1998 Philippine Health, Nutrition, Population Survey

HNP/Poverty Thematic Group of World Bank

Table 16: Health Status Indicators, Philippines: 1970-2000

Indicator 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000

Life expectancy at birth: male (a) 57.3 59.7 62.2 62.7 67.0(f)

Life expectancy at birth: female (a) 61.5 65.1 67.5 67.9 72.0(f)

Infant mortality rate: male (a) 93.8 65.2 59.9 53.2 na

Infant mortality rate: female (a) 83.2 59.4 53.4 48.4 na

Child mortality rate: male (1-4 years) (a) 37.2 32.1 23.3 20.0 na

Child mortality rate: female (1-4 years) (a) 35.4 30.6 25.4 22.2 na

Maternal mortality ratio 213(b) 209(c) 172(d) na

Total fertility rate (e) 6.0 5.1 4.1 3.7 na

Sources:

(a)Flieger and Cabigon (rates are life table probabilities)

(b) Data from 1993 NDS and refer to the period 1980-1986.

(c) Data from 1993 NDS and refer to the period 1987-1993.

(e)1973,1983 & 1993 NDS survey results and 1998 NDHS

(f) Projections made by the TWG on Population by NCSB

Table 14: Growth in Total Factor Productivity in Agriculture


Table 17: Prevalence of Deficiencies in Physical Attributes Among 0-5 and 6-10 year-old Children: Philippines, 1989-90 to 2001

Nutritional Status1989-90 1992 1993 1996 1998 2001

Percent Prevalence

0-5 YEARS OLD

Underweight 34.5 34.0 29.9 30.8 32.0 30.6

Underheight 39.9 36.8 34.3 34.5 34.0 31.4

Thinness 5.0 6.6 6.7 5.2 6.0 6.3

Overweight-for-age 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0

6-10 YEARS OLD

Underweight 34.2 32.5 30.5 28.3 30.2 32.9

Underheight 44.8 42.8 42.2 39.1 40.8 41.1

Overweight-for-age 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 N 0.8

Source: FNRI (www.fnri.dost.gov.ph)

Table 18: School Enrolment, By Level and Sector for SY 1981-82 and SY 2001-2002

SY 1981-82 SY 2001-2002

Source: Department of Education, Research and Statistics Division, Office of the Planning Service Tables.

Table 19: Repetition Rates for Elementary Level, by Grade

1 2 3 4 5 6

Total Phils 4.16 2.36 1.63 1.18 0.87 0.45

Male 4.92 3.05 2.16 1.60 1.22 0.63

Female 3.31 1.62 1.06 0.75 0.54 0.28

Elementary Level, SY 2000-2001

Level Public%

Private%

Total Public%

Private%

TotalShare Share Share Share

Elementary 8,073,290 95% 444,993 5% 8,518,283 11,900,362 93% 909,532 7% 12,809,894

Secondary 1,591,510 54% 1,344,222 46% 2,935,732 4,383,142 78% 1,251,562 22% 5,634,704

Repetition by Grade (In %)

Source: Department of Education, Research and Statistics Division, Office of the Planning Service Tables

Table 20: Repetition Rates for Secondary Level, by Year

1 2 3 4

Total Phils 2.76 2.45 2.02 0.97

Male 4.09 3.65 3.04 1.41

Female 1.39 1.28 1.10 0.59

Secondary Level, SY 2000-2001

Repetition per Year (In %)

Source: Department of Education, Research and Statistics Division, Office of the Planning Service Tables

A Common Country Assessment of the Philippines 52-102

Documents

cca indicator framework

common country assessment

poverty data computed

poverty threshold

participation rate

poverty line

common view

000 live births