A Co-Citation Network for Philosophy The graph shows co-citation patterns for just over the 500 most-cited items from 1993 to mid-2013, based on over 34,000 references in 2,262 articles published in four leading generalist, English-language philosophy journals: Nous, Mind, the Journal of Philosophy, and the Philosophical Review. The cutoff for inclusion is having received at least ten citations. The colors of the nodes represent the results of a community-detection algorithm applied to the co-citation matrix. Communities are identified inductively. Edge width indicates relative frequency of co-citation. The key gives an approximate topical description of each citation community and one of its central items. Metaphysics, David Lewis (1986), On the Plurality of Worlds Metaphysics/Language, Saul Kripke (1980), Naming and Necessity Philosophy of Mind, David Chalmers (1996), The Conscious Mind Metaphysics/Causation, David Lewis (1986), “Causation” Epistemology, Timothy Williamson (2000), Knowlege and its Limits Philosophy of Mind, Jerry Fodor (1990), A Theory of Content Metaphysics/Free Will, Peter van Inwagen (1983), An Essay on Free Will Metaethics, Derek Parfit (1984), Reasons and Persons Ethics and Political Philosophy, John Rawls (1971), A Theory of Justice Women in Philosophy A notable feature of the graph is the relative absence of items written by women. Of the 520 items, 19 are by women—3.6 percent of the total. Their names and locations are shown below. By comparison, 6.3 percent of the items are by David Lewis. There are 15 women authors in total. Three of the items are in the top 100: Ruth Millikan’s Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories (1984, ranked 47th), Christine Korsgaard’s The Sources of Normativity (1996, 75th), and Dorothy Edgington’s “On Conditionals” (1995, 82nd). Christine Korsgaard has three items in the dataset. Ruth Millikan and Philippa Foot have two each. The other women are Barbara Herman, Penelope Maddy, Lynne Rudder Baker, Nancy Cartwright, Gila Sher, G.E.M. Anscombe, Susan Hurley, Sally Haslanger, L.A. Paul, Linda Zagzebski, and Judith Jarvis Thomson. Leading Works and Discussion Communities Field H 1994 Watson G 1975 Huemer M 2001 Dummett M 1981 Shoemaker S 1994 Anscombe G 1957 Jackson F 1979 Fodor J 1980 Mcginn C 1983 Carnap R 1956 Evans G 1976 Wittgenstein L (10) Hilbert D 1987 Loux M 1979 Mellor D 1995 Baker L 2000 Ryle G 1949 Schiffer S 1998 Kaplan D 1989 Peacocke C 1992 Vendler Z 1967 Mumford S 1998 Fodor J 1983 Burke M 1992 Churchland P 1989 Kagan S 1989 Field H 1986 Frege G 1884 Lewis D 2000 Lewis D 1999 Grice H 1961 Geach P 1980 Alston W 1989 Strawson P 1959 Williams B 1973 Brandt R 1979 Gettier E 1963 Quine W (13) Jackson F 1998 Lewis D 1989 Quine W 1953 Montague R 1974 Dummett M 1975 Horwich P 1990 Horn L 1989 Goldman A 1976 Lewis D 1966 Priest G 1987 Hardin C 1988 Adams R 1979 Soames S 2002 Blackburn S 1984 Hintikka J 1962 Wright C 2002 Chisholm R 1957 Unger P 1975 Wiggins D 1980 Bennett J 1988 Rawls J 1971 Quine W 1960 Fodor J 1981 Larson R 1993 Hawthorne J 2004 Munitz M 1971 Lewis D 1981 Schiffer S 1996 Korsgaard C 1986 Boyd R 1988 O'connor T 2000 Benacerraf P 1983 Russell B 1912 Lewis D 1981 Davidson D 1980 May R 1985 Margalit A 1979 Vanfraassen B 1989 Foot P 2001 Kripke S 1980 Tarski A 1956 Lewis D 1996 Gardenfors P 1988 Boghossian P 1990 Strawson G 1994 Pollock J 1986 Williams B 1981 Horwich P 1998 Fine K 1994 Scanlon T 1998 Larson R 1995 Rawls J 1980 Zagzebski L 1991 Burge T 1977 Russell B 1903 Simons P 1987 Plantinga A 1993 Korsgaard C 1996 Lange M 2000 Maher P 1993 Williams B 1978 Merricks T 1995 Kim J 1993 Ginet C 1990 Soames S 1988 Harman G 1990 Armstrong D 1983 Stalnaker R 1975 Conee E 2004 Quine W (14) Sider T 1997 Dancy J 2000 Bonjour L 1998 Nagel T 1979 Wallace R 1994 Rosen G 1990 Rysiew P 2001 Almog J 1989 Parfit D 1984 Merricks T 2001 Byrne A 1997 Craig E 1990 Mcdermott M 1995 Papineau D 1993 Chisholm R 1976 Unger P 1975 Jackson F 1977 Kyburg H 1961 Forbes G 1985 Derose K 2002 Jeffrey R 1983 Heller M 1990 Fumerton R 1995 Byrne A 2001 Putnam H 1975 Unger P 1980 Evans G 1982 Frege G (13) Lewis D 1984 Vanfraassen B 1995 Edgington D 1995 Quine W 1966 Wright C 1991 Davidson D 1984 Evans G (10) Gibbard A 2003 Chisholm R 1977 Dennett D 1984 Gauthier D 1986 Lewis D 1972 Block N 1995 Horwich P 1998 Mcginn C 1991 Heck R 2000 Putnam H 1971 Stalnaker R 1984 Austin J 1962 Mackie J 1974 Dretske F 1995 Salmon N 1989 Hall N 1994 Leonard H 1940 Brewer B 1999 Goldman A 1967 Richard M 1983 Dummett M 1977 Dennett D 1978 Jackson F 1977 Russell B 1919 Sosa E 1991 Fodor J 1974 Mcdowell J 1982 Grice H 1989 Ginet C 1975 Frankfurt H 1969 Putnam H 1981 Searle J 1995 Siewert C 1998 Cappelen H 2005 Braun D 1998 Stanley J 2001 Goldman A 1979 Bonjour L 1985 Parsons T 1980 Hill C 1997 Gibson J 1979 Stanley J 2005 Tye M 2000 Dretske F 1970 Walton K 1990 Olson E 1997 Skyrms B 1980 Quine W 1981 Foot P 1978 Fodor J 1992 Mcginn C 1982 Dummett M 1991 Moore G 1903 Korsgaard C 1997 Aristotle (16) Chalmers D 2001 Salmon N 1988 Brandom R 1994 Davidson D 1963 Chomsky N 2000 Bach K 1979 Dummett M 1991 Linsky B 1994 Hart H 1961 Menzies P 1989 Lewis D 1986 Boolos G 1984 Boghossian P 1989 Bach K 1994 Field H 1994 Williamson T 2000 Kant I (13) Kim J 1973 Barwise J 1981 Bratman M 1987 Burke M 1994 Aristotle No Year P981a24 (10) Hajek A 2003 Davidson D 1969 Broome J 1999 Williamson T 2007 Nozick R 1981 Mcdowell J 1994 Lewis D 1970 Lewis D 1997 Sellars W 1963 Martin C 1994 Nagel T 1974 Dummett M 1981 Burge T 1979 Dretske F 1969 Hurvich L 1981 Smith M 1994 Soames S 1999 Hitchcock C 2001 Peacocke C 2004 Geach P 1965 Blackburn S 1998 Bennett J 1984 Quine W 1951 Fischer J 1994 Gibbard A 1990 Hume D 1978 Katz J 1994 Frege G 1918 Cartwright N 1983 Armstrong D 1989 Carroll L 1895 Lewis D 1969 Parsons T 1990 Recanati F 1993 Lewis D 1986 Vaninwagen P 1990 Putnam H 1978 Devitt M 1996 Gibbard A 1975 Cohen S 1988 Plantinga A 1983 Harman G 1986 Jackson F 1982 Salmon N 1986 Lewis D 1986 Bennett J 2003 Sidgwick H 1907 Crimmins M 1992 Dennett D 1987 Fine K 1975 Blackburn S 1993 Burge T 1993 Merricks T 1994 Sider T 2001 Stalnaker R 1968 Kim J 1998 Lewis D 1970 Fodor J 1987 Shapiro S 1998 Rorty R 1979 Moore G 1912 Peacocke C 1999 Fine K 1985 Quine W 1970 Lewis D 1980 Nozick R 1974 Armstrong D 1973 Plantinga A 1974 Pereboom D 2001 Lewis D 1983 Frankfurt H 1988 Brink D 1989 Travis C 2004 Haslanger S 1989 Darwall S 1983 Lycan W 1987 Rawls J 1993 Russell B 1905 Vaninwagen P 1983 Lewis D 1991 Markosian N 1998 Crimmins M 1998 Jackson F 1987 Unger P 1984 Earman J 1992 Searle J 1992 Derose K 1995 Chalmers D 1996 Evans G 1985 Marr D 1982 Dretske F 1981 Boolos G 1985 Gupta A 1993 Joyce J 1999 Tye M 1995 Schiffer S 1987 Dancy J 1993 Schiffer S 2003 Lewis D 1983 Lewis D 1992 Goldman A 1970 Block N 1986 Burge T 1986 Lewis D 1973 Wright C 1992 Widerker D 1995 Putnam H 1975 Wittgenstein L (31) Perry J 1979 Dowe P 2000 Lewis D 1994 Hume D (10) Jackson F 1986 Frege G 1979 Searle J 1980 Armstrong D 1978 Ramachandran M 1997 Hume D (38) Adams E 1975 Mcginn C 1989 Davidson D 1972 Margalit A 1979 Crimmins M 1989 Field H 1972 Armstrong D 1978 Forbes G 1989 Stanley J 2000 Johnston M 1992 Paul L 2000 Campbell J 2002 Dummett M 1973 Wright C 1985 Zimmerman D 1995 Boolos G 1998 Moore G 1903 Evans G 1977 Ross W 1930 Kane R 1996 Schiffer S 1992 Unger P 1979 Vanfraassen B 1984 Davidson D 1986 Pettit P 1990 Millikan R 1984 Field H 1980 Goldman A 1986 Sosa E 2007 Armstrong D 1989 Dretske F 1971 Benacerraf P 1965 Kaplan M 1996 Evans G 1978 Stalnaker R 1978 Dretske F 1977 Putnam H 1994 Block N 1999 Feldman R 1985 Derose K 1996 Bratman M 1999 Thomson J 1983 Mele A 1995 Hazen A 1979 Burge T 1986 Harman G 1977 Locke J (35) Quine W 1986 Clark A 1998 Lepore E 1986 Searle J 1969 Dummett M 1978 Yablo S 1987 Herman B 1993 Cohen S 2002 Braun D 1993 Strawson P 1950 Putnam H 1975 Pollock J 1999 Maddy P 1990 Vaninwagen P 1981 Lewis D (10) Derose K 1991 Salmon N 1989 Barwise J 1983 Levine J 1983 Chisholm R 1989 Black M 1952 Lewis D 1983 Dretske F 1988 Perry J 1977 Noe A 2004 Vaninwagen P 1990 Sher G 1991 Lycan W 1996 Hurley S 1998 Lewis D 1976 Salmon N 1981 Wright C 1983 Lewis D 1979 Vaninwagen P 1980 Derose K 1992 Williamson T 1994 Lewis D 1968 Kuhn T 1970 Campbell K 1990 Burge T 1988 Lewis D 1986 Davidson D 1967 Peacocke C 1983 Pryor J 2000 James W 1890 Field H 1973 Searle J 1983 Richard M 1990 Williams B 1985 Benacerraf P 1973 Lewis D 1973 Martin M 2004 Nagel T 1970 Dennett D 1991 Neale S 1990 Quine W 1969 Lewis D 1999 Fodor J 1990 Fischer J 1998 Mcgee V 1991 Kripke S 1963 Railton P 1986 Scheffler S 1982 Wiggins D 1968 Byrne A 2003 Woodward J 2003 Keynes J 1921 Johnston M 1992 Davies M 1980 Soames S 1989 Adams R 1974 Davidson D 1990 Martin M 2002 Salmon N 1998 Wiggins D 1987 Bach K 1997 Ginet C 1996 Frege G 1984 French P 1979 Salmon W 1984 Lewis D 1979 Kavka G 1983 Mele A 1992 Stalnaker R 1999 Mcdowell J 1979 Audi R 1993 Goodman N 1951 Williams D 1953 Frege G 1892 Hare R 1952 Braddon-mitchell D 1996 Davies M 1981 Quine W 1953 Nagel T 1986 Sorensen R 1988 Foley R 1987 Grice P 1989 Haji I 1998 Harman G 1999 Schiffer S 1972 Yablo S 1992 Frankfurt H 1971 Kripke S 1975 Tarski A 1983 Plantinga A 1993 Williams B 1981 Frege G 1879 Arntzenius F 2003 Bealer G 1982 Harman G 1973 Armstrong D 1968 Field H 1989 Armstrong D 1997 Hyde D 1997 Stanley J 2000 Kant I (22) Stroud B 1984 Tooley M 1977 Bird A 1998 Shoemaker S 1984 Wright C 1975 Lewis D 1979 Millikan R 1989 Velleman J 2000 Donnellan K 1966 Frege G 1893 Mackie J 1977 Vanfraassen B 1980 Hempel C 1965 Fantl J 2002 Fodor J 1975 Kripke S 1982 Kaplan D 1989 Tye M 1990 Wittgenstein L 1953 Anscombe G 1957 Baker L 2000 Korsgaard C 1986 Foot P 2001 Zagzebski L 1991 Korsgaard C 1996 Edgington D 1995 Korsgaard C 1997 Cartwright N 1983 Haslanger S 1989 Paul L 2000 Millikan R 1984 Thomson J 1983 Herman B 1993 Maddy P 1990 Sher G 1991 Hurley S 1998 Kieran Healy / socviz.co Data Visualization: A Practical Introduction is published by Princeton University Press. Data: Web of Science.