1 VOLUME 23, NO. 3 SUMMER 2008 A Closer Look AMERICAN EMBRYO TRANSFER ASSOCIATION “THE VANGUARD OF THE EMBRYO TRANSFER INDUSTRY” What’s Inside . . . Headquarters Directory .......................................2 AETA Board and Committees .............................3 Ask John ................................................................4 Reprint of Article from Theriogenology ..............7 AETA/CETA Joint Meeting Information..........14 Nominees for 2008-2009 AETA Board ..............26 Reprint of Abstract from Animal Reproduction Science ..............................................................28 AETA Business Office 1111 N. Dunlap Ave., Savoy, IL 61874 Phone: 217-398-2217 FAX: 217-398-4119 [email protected]www.aeta.org President’s Message AETA President David Duxbury As of this writing, we are nearly 12 weeks from our annual convention in Kansas City, and I hope that all AETA members will be able to make plans to attend, remembering to invite a new member from your area as well. Thanks to the great work of Dr. Byron Williams and the convention committee, and with the help of our many sponsors and exhibitors, we can again look forward to an excellent scientific meeting with many fun social offerings. The AETA Convention always provides an opportunity to gather some new ideas, perhaps meet some new people while reconnecting with old friends, and connect to some of the energy that seems to flow at these events. The time remaining before the annual meeting will be busy for the AETA board. Work on the bylaw revisions will be completed and approved, then moved along to the member- ship to allow approximately 60 days for review before voting on the changes in October at the annual meeting. You may already have received this information in the mail, and we are looking for feedback from any member who would like to offer his or her thoughts. Dr. Allen Rushmer is working on the foundations of an Education Committee that he will chair, and he is well along in that process. This committee will focus primarily on Web-based offerings. We will also be forming a standing convention committee to provide continuity and add efficiency to our annual meeting efforts. If you have an interest in working on any of these or other committees, please contact me or any board member and we will see that you become involved. I would add that if you are a new member, committee work can be a great way to meet people, connect to the organization, and make a contribution in the process. Now, if my calculations are correct, this will be my final offering in our newsletter. Time really does fly! I would like to thank everyone for the wonderful support you have given me this year and during my time on the board. I have asked many people for counsel or help with an issue or a job, and always there has been an AETA member to lend a hand or with a shoulder to lean on. We have a great organization going because the people in it are great people. It is as simple as that. I have confidence that as the AETA evolves in the coming years, it will remain strong, continue to grow, and serve its membership well.
32
Embed
A Closer Look - American Embryo Transfer Association (AETA) · E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Allen Rushmer Next Generation ET Service 3162 Oregon Pike Leola, PA 17540 PHONE: (717)
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
As of this writing, we are nearly 12 weeks from our annual convention in Kansas City, and I hope that all AETA members will be able to make plans to attend, remembering to invite a new member from your area as well. Thanks to the great work of Dr. Byron Williams and the convention committee, and with the help of our many sponsors and exhibitors, we can again look forward to an excellent scientific meeting with many fun social offerings. The AETA Convention always provides an opportunity to gather some new ideas, perhaps meet some new people while reconnecting with old friends, and connect to some of the energy that seems to flow at these events.
The time remaining before the annual meeting will be busy for the AETA board. Work on the bylaw revisions will be completed and approved, then moved along to the member-ship to allow approximately 60 days for review before voting on the changes in October at the annual meeting. You may already have received this information in the mail, and we are looking for feedback from any member who would like to offer his or her thoughts. Dr. Allen Rushmer is working on the foundations of an Education Committee that he will chair, and he is well along in that process. This committee will focus primarily on Web-based offerings. We will also be forming a standing convention committee to provide continuity and add efficiency to our annual meeting efforts.
If you have an interest in working on any of these or other committees, please contact me or any board member and we will see that you become involved. I would add that if you are a new member, committee work can be a great way to meet people, connect to the organization, and make a contribution in the process.
Now, if my calculations are correct, this will be my final offering in our newsletter. Time really does fly! I would like to thank everyone for the wonderful support you have given me this year and during my time on the board. I have asked many people for counsel or help with an issue or a job, and always there has been an AETA member to lend a hand or with a shoulder to lean on. We have a great organization going because the people in it are great people. It is as simple as that. I have confidence that as the AETA evolves in the coming years, it will remain strong, continue to grow, and serve its membership well.
2 AETA Newsletter
Vicki Paden, AETA Administrative Assistant
As the AETA Administrative Assistant, Vicki works with the AETA members on day-to-day issues. She updates the AETA membership database, processes member-ships, renewals, meeting registrations, orders, claims, invoices and responds to e-mail. She is also the helpful, friendly voice on the other end of the phone when you call the AETA line.
As the Executive Assistant/Event Coordina-tor, Kathy will be working with the AETA members on everything from day-to-day issues, membership questions and renewals, meeting registrations, Japan certificates, as well as planning the Board of Directors’ meetings and annual conventions. Kathy will also serve as the coordinator for the
AETA newsletter, A Closer Look. Kathy is looking forward to working with AETA and its membership.
Newsletter Advertising 2008Publication Schedule and DeadlinesThe AETA newsletter is published four times per year and is mailed to all AETA members. Distribution is between 350-400 professionals in the animal embryo transfer industry.
Members – Advertise FREE with us!Members wishing to place an advertisement related to sale of practice, buying and selling of used equipment, or employment opportunities may do so free of charge (up to 1/8 page). The advertising information (i.e., short courses, seminars, books, etc.) that is clearly to the benefit of the greater good of the AETA membership, and not considered to be of a commercial nature, may also be advertised free of charge (up to 1/8 page). Standard rates on any advertisements over 1/8 page shall apply. Any advertising request, which does not fit within these guidelines, shall be brought to the Newsletter Committee for approval. The same rationale shall apply to any Web site advertising.
A Closer Look Advertising RatesBusiness Card Size: $50 per issue1/4 Page Ad: $75 per issue1/2 Page Ad: $150 per issueFull Page Ad: $200 per issueAds are due to the AETA office as set forth below. Online ads are full color and print ads are black and white. Payment terms: Advertiser agrees to pay the contract amount in full prior to the start date. This fee is nonrefundable and will not be prorated should the Advertiser decide to discontinue the display of the advertisement at any time prior to the end of the contract period.
Issue Due DateWinter 2008 February 26, 2008Spring 2008 April 14, 2008
Summer 2008 July 11, 2008Fall 2008 October 13, 2008
Winter 2009 December 29, 2008
The advertiser is responsible for providing all information and digital artwork to meet specifications. AETA reserves the right to determine the suitability of all ads submitted for distribution and to reject advertising that does not meet its editorial or digital criteria. Ads must be in PDF or high-quality JPEG, TIF, or EPS graphic files. Changes to ads may be made after each issue unit only. If you would like to advertise in the next issue, please contact AETA at [email protected] or call 217-398-2217.
NOTICE TO READERSArticles published in A Closer Look are not necessarily peer-reviewed or refereed. All statements, opinions, and conclusions contained in the articles in A Closer Look are those of the author(s) and are not necessarily those of the American Embryo Transfer Association unless specifically approved by the AETA Board of Directors.
Send Us Your Current Email Address!The AETA receives several trade leads from various sources including USLGE. Because of the timely nature of these announce-ments, the AETA will immediately forward them to the membership via e-mail. Therefore, it is important that you provide the AETA with your most current e-mail address. To supply us with or update your current email address, send your name and email address to [email protected]
Summer 2008 3
AETA Committees 2007-2008AETA Officers and Directors 2007-2008
PRESIDENTDr. David DuxburyMidwest Embryo Transfer Service1299 South Shore DriveAmery, WI 54001PHONE: (715) 268-9900FAX: (715) 268-2691E-mail: [email protected]
VICE PRESIDENTDr. Byron W. WilliamsEmQuest ET ServiceBox 504Plymouth, WI 53073-0504PHONE: (920) 892-6878FAX: (920) 893-8083E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Allen RushmerNext Generation ET Service3162 Oregon PikeLeola, PA 17540PHONE: (717) 656-6921FAX: (717) 656-6934E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. James R. SpearsProfessional Embryo Services5707 Russellville RoadFranklin, KY 42134PHONE: (270) 586-7430FAX: (270) 586-5697E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Charles LooneyOvaGenix, LP4700 Elmo Weedon RoadSuite 103College Station, TX 77845-3103PHONE: (979) 731-1043FAX: (979) 731-1086E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Richard WhitakerNew England Genetic, LLC10 Business Park WayTurner, ME 04282PHONE: (207) 225-2722FAX: (207) 225-3883E-mail: [email protected]
EXHIBIT COMMITTEEDavid B. Duxbury, DVM, ChairMidwest Embryo Transfer Service1299 South Shore DriveAmery, WI 54001PHONE: (715) 268-9900FAX: (715) 268-2691E-mail: [email protected]
GMO RESOLUTION COMMITTEERandall H. Hinshaw, DVM, ChairAshby EmbryosAshby Herd Health Services Inc.2420 Grace Chapel RoadHarrisonburg, VA 22801PHONE: (540) 433-0430FAX: (540) 433-0452E-mail: [email protected] Committee MembersDarrel DeGrofft, DVMStephen Malin, DVMDaniel R. Hornickel, DVM
GOVERNMENT LIAISON COMMITTEERichard O. Whitaker, DVM, ChairNew England Genetic, LLC10 Business Park WayTurner, ME 04282PHONE: (207) 225-2722FAX: (207) 225-3883E-mail: [email protected]
Committee MembersDavid Duxbury, DVM
MANUALS, PROMOTIONS, AND MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
Committee MembersRobert Zinnikas, DVMStanley F. Huels, DVM
PROFESSIONAL REVIEW COMMITTEEDavid B. Duxbury, DVM, ChairMidwest Embryo Transfer Service1299 South Shore DriveAmery, WI 54001PHONE: (715) 268-9900FAX: (715) 268-2691E-mail: [email protected]
Question:Embryo transfer (ET) practitioners have asked for my opinion on a number of occasions about the feasibility of develop-ing their own in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs.
Response: There are a number of considerations, and I will approach this question by grouping the considerations into separate categories. First of all, I think one must decide whether there is truly a demand for IVF services in your geographic area. Bovine IVF-ET services can be divided into three general categories. 1) By using slaughterhouse-derived oocytes from Holstein cattle, embryos can be produced for sale to dairy herds in which artificial insemination (AI) success rates are low during the summer months. If sexed semen is used, then female embryos can be produced that represent the “average” production quality of the cattle going to slaughter. Several companies in North America are currently producing embryos of this type for sale domestically and internationally. 2) Embryos can be produced following ultrasound-guided ovum pickup (OPU) from “infertile” cows that do not work in conventional superovulation and flushing systems. The IVF program at Em Tran, Inc. concentrated on donors of this category. These donors suffered from a wide range of infertil-ity problems, but more than 90% of approximately 200 donors produced at least one good IVF embryo. The downside
to this type of program is that the average number of oocytes recovered is low (approximately 4 per attempt at Em Tran). 3) Last, OPU can be applied to healthy donors, with embryos subsequently produced by IVF. Advantages include the high frequency of OPU (weekly) compared with conventional flushing and the potential use of sex-selected sperm. This approach has been highly productive in Brazil, where the Bos indicus donors yield large numbers of oocytes per OPU procedure, often with an average of approximately 20 being reported. Oocyte yields from healthy Bos taurus cattle here in North America are more likely to be in the range of 8 to 10. Both program 2 and program 3 will require the purchase of a high-quality ultrasound unit, with a suitable transducer and a handle for transvaginal oocyte collection. In addition, I highly recommend purchasing a handle or probe that allows the use of disposable, single-use needles.
A clean room that can be dedicated to IVF procedures is essential. The purchase of at least one CO2 incubator is almost essential. The IVM, F, and C media all require an elevated level of CO2. In addition, a decreased level of O2 (approximately 5%) is usually recommended for IVC today, which necessitates the use of either a triple-gas incubator, separate incubation chambers that can be put into the incubator, or submersible incubation bags as described by Dr. Gabor Vajta. I personally have no experience with these bags, but they appear to work quite well and may represent a substantial savings compared with purchasing a second incubator. The use of a laminar flow hood decreases the chances of contami-nation when handling ova or embryos, but it is probably not absolutely necessary if the environment in the laboratory is kept very clean, with a minimum of human traffic in and out of it. A compound microscope is necessary for counting sperm. Precision pipettors, a small centrifuge, and an accurate balance, along with assorted miscellaneous items, including a steady supply of disposable Petri dishes of several configurations, will also be required.
A serious consideration in starting a bovine IVF program is where to obtain the various media that are needed. I don’t think there is a commercial source for all the media, and as a consequence, most programs make their own. This necessitates a further investment in equipment and time. If the necessary media become available in the future, getting started in bovine IVF will be considerably easier.
It would be very difficult for any ET practitioner to operate a conventional program and attempt to conduct IVF procedures at the same time. It is absolutely necessary to have an experienced and skilled individual operating the IVF laboratory. The best source for this type of individual may be one of the master’s programs associated with academic IVF laboratories. In addition, there will be something to do in the laboratory virtually every day of the week, which means that some of the responsibilities will need to be shared among personnel. As most of us know, there is a small window of forgiveness when it comes to some of the steps in conventional ET. Fair results are possible even when hygiene is less than optimal. In vitro fertilization is much less forgiving, however, and success will be achieved only when laboratory procedures are highly consistent and conducted under sterile conditions.
One final consideration worth mentioning is that although the average quality of embryos produced in IVF systems is better than in the past, there are still differences between in vitro-fertilized and in vivo-derived embryos. The consequences of this are that pregnancy rates from in vitro-fertilized embryos are lower, spontaneous abortion rates are greater, perinatal survival rates are lower, and there is a greater percentage of abnormalities. These problems must be factored into the economics of a commercial program, and the costs to the consumer (i.e., the farmer) must be acceptable in the long run.
John
Please feel free to contact me should you have any additional questions concerning the problems with starting and operating an IVF program.
Summer 2008 5
Save The Date!
AETA & September 16–19, 2009CETA/ACTE AETA and CETA/ACTE Joint Annual Meeting Montreal, Quebec, Canada For more information, please visit www.aeta.org
AETA & October 13–16, 2010CETA/ACTE AETA and CETA/ACTE Joint Annual Meeting Charlotte-Concord, North Carolina For more information, please visit www.aeta.org
Future Meetings of Interest
September 7–9, 2008 World Dairy Expo and Summit/China ’08 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China For more information, please visit www.dairyexpo.com
AETA September 12–13, 2008 24th Scientific Meeting of the European Embryo Transfer Association (AETE) Pau, France For more information, please visit http://www.aete.eu/meetings.php
AABP September 25–27, 2008 American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) Charlotte, North Carolina For more information, please visit www.aabp.org/meeting/default.asp
AABP January 3–7, 2009 35thAnnual Conference of the IETS San Diego, California For more information, please visit www.iets.org/2009/index.asp
AETA Export Promotional VideoThe Cooperator Committee has completed the AETA Export Promotion DVD Project, and the project is available for public viewing on the AETA home page: http://www.aeta.org.
This DVD/video was created with USLGE (US Livestock Genetics Export, Inc.) and FMD (Foreign Market Development) funding to educate the world’s genetics buyers and animal health officials on the benefits of using embryo transfer to obtain elite US cattle genetics from embryos. It emphasizes the role of AETA in providing the world with high-quality embryos from the United States, with the maximum biosecurity avail-able.
Presentation copies will be readily accessible to breed associations and export groups for trade shows around the world and for viewing at domestic events.
The project is currently available in English, and additional languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, and Rus-sian, will be added in the future.
Check out “Export Promotion DVD” on the AETA home page!
We are a proud sponsor of the AETA – CETA/ACTE annual conference in Kansas City. Come and see us at Booth 407.
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Summer 2008 7
Decreasing the interval between GnRH and PGF2a from
7 to 5 days and lengthening proestrus increases timed-AI
pregnancy rates in beef cows
G.A. Bridges a, L.A. Helser b, D.E. Grum c, M.L. Mussard c,C.L. Gasser d, M.L. Day c,*
aDepartment of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United Statesb Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH 43064, United States
cDepartment of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United StatesdDepartment of Agriculture and Nutrition Science, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, United States
Received 1 October 2007; received in revised form 7 December 2007; accepted 7 December 2007
Abstract
Four experiments were conducted in postpartum beef cows to evaluate the influence of reducing the interval from GnRH to
PGF2a from 7 to 5 d in a Select-Synch + CIDR or CO-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization program. In Expt 1, cows (n = 156)
were treated with either a 7 or 5 d Select-Synch + CIDR program. A second PGF2a treatment was given to all cows in all
experiments at 12 h after the initial PGF2a (to ensure that luteolysis occurred with the 5 d program). Estrous response, interval to
estrus, conception rate, and first service AI pregnancy rates were similar between treatments. In Expt 2, cows (n = 223) were treated
with either a 7 or 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR program, with timed-AI concomitant with GnRH at 60 h after PGF2a. Timed-AI pregnancy
rates were similar between treatments. In Expt 3 (n = 223) and 4 (n = 400) cows were treated with either a 7 or 5 d CO-
Synch + CIDR program with timed-AI concurrent with GnRH at either 60 h (7 d) or 72 h (5 d) after CIDR withdrawal. Timed-AI
pregnancy rates were 13.3% (P < 0.05; Expt 3) and 9.1% (P < 0.05; Expt 4) greater for the 5 than 7 d program. In conclusion,
timed-AI pregnancy rates were improved with a 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR program with timed-AI at 72 h after CIDR withdrawal,
compared to a 7 d CO-Synch + CIDR program with timed-AI at 60 h after CIDR withdrawal.
0093-691X/$ – see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.12.011
Reprinted with permission: G. A. Bridges, L. A. Helser, D. E. Grum, M. L. Mussard, C. L. Gasser, and M. L. Day. Decreasing the interval between GnRH and PGF2a from 7 to 5 days and lengthening proestrus increases timed-AI pregnancy rates in beef cows. Theriogenol-ogy. 69, pp 843–851. Copyright Elsevier 2008.
8 AETA Newsletter
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disturbed by mounting and partially removed; 3 = paint
largely undisturbed and no evidence of mounting) by
two individuals (working independently). Based upon
mean tail paint score and detection of estrus at timed-
AI, cows were classified as: (1) in estrus before timed-
AI (cows with an average tail paint score �2 at timed-
AI and not observed in estrus at timed-AI); (2) in estrus
at timed-AI (visual observation of estrus during the
period of timed-AI regardless of tail paint score); or (3)
not in estrus (no visual detection of estrus and an
average tail paint score of �2.5). Additionally, cows
located at JARS were visually observed for estrus twice
daily (AM and PM) from Day 0 to timed-AI.
2.5. Determination of reproductive status
In all experiments, a blood sample was collected
from all cows between Days 14 and -17 (7–12 d before
G.A. Bridges et al. / Theriogenology 69 (2008) 843–851 845
12 AETA Newsletter
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Summer 2008 13
insertion of the CIDR), and a second blood sample was
collected at the time of CIDR insertion. Progesterone
concentrations in these samples were used to determine
the reproductive status of cows at the time of initiation
of treatments. Blood samples were collected via the
jugular vein in 10 mL tubes containing EDTA (BD
VacutainerTM; BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and
immediately placed on ice. Within 4 h after collection,
blood was centrifuged at 2785 � g for 20 min, plasma
was recovered, and frozen at �20 8C until analyzed for
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Reproduction ResourcesSteuart Medical
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Summer 2008 15
A CLOSER LOOK…INSIDE THE 2008 ANNUAL MEETING
Take Your Business and Your Life to the Next Level
We have worked to develop a new industry. We have made some money, had some fun, and helped a lot of people. Now what? On October 17, 2008, Joe Calhoon, CSP, will help you understand and apply the truth in Alvin Toffler’s famous quote, “Inside every old company is a new company waiting to be born.” Come prepared to imagine a better future for your business and your life.
Preconference Seminars
Emerging Technologies
This seminar will cover the emerging technologies of vitrification, in vitro fertilization, and laser-assisted hatching, including demonstrations and opportunities for hands-on experience. Emphasis will be placed on the equipment and supplies, setup, laboratory design, and implementation in the field. The current status of the industry will be examined, including production, performance, and financial data, to give experienced ET practitioners an idea of what it would mean to their businesses to incorporate these technologies.
ET 101
Drs. Randall Hinshaw and William Beal will be providing a breakout session in ET 101 with a technical slant. This will be an excellent opportunity for practitioners, new and old alike, to get the latest information on the basics of ET.
16 AETA Newsletter
2008 AETA & CETA/ACTE JOINT CONVENTION October 16–18, 2008 Kansas City, MO
Registration Form
Participant Companion Company Preferred Name on Badge _______________________ Street E-mail City Province/State Country Postal/Zip Code Telephone Fax
REGISTRATION/EVENT—ALL PRICES IN U.S. DOLLARS Before Aug. 15
After Aug. 15
Qty
TOTAL
AETA & CETA MEMBER REGISTRATION(Includes Fri. and Sat. scientific sessions, breakfast and lunch, and one banquet ticket)
Awards Banquet Menu Selection (choose one) _____ Prime Beef Tenderloin _____ Roasted Supreme Chicken Breast _____ Pan-Seared King Salmon _____ Vegetarian Pasta
$400 $475 $
AETA & CETA NONMEMBER REGISTRATION(Includes Fri. and Sat. scientific sessions, breakfast and lunch, and one banquet ticket)
Awards Banquet Menu Selection (choose one) _____ Prime Beef Tenderloin _____ Roasted Supreme Chicken Breast _____ Pan-Seared King Salmon _____ Vegetarian Pasta
$500 $575 $
TECHNICIAN REGISTRATION (individual employed as a technician and working with a veterinarian)
(Includes Fri. and Sat. scientific sessions, breakfast and lunch, and one banquet ticket)
Awards Banquet Menu Selection (choose one) _____ Prime Beef Tenderloin _____ Roasted Supreme Chicken Breast _____ Pan-Seared King Salmon _____ Vegetarian Pasta
$350 $425 $
STUDENT REGISTRATION (must be registered in school full-time)
(Includes one seminar, Fri. and Sat. scientific sessions, and breakfast and lunch)
COMPANION REGISTRATION (nonpractitioner companions attending, but not scientific sessions) (Includes breakfast buffet coupon at Brasserie’s restaurant at the Westin Hotel on Fri. and Sat., and one banquet ticket)
Awards Banquet Menu Selection (choose one) _____ Prime Beef Tenderloin _____ Roasted Supreme Chicken Breast _____ Pan-Seared King Salmon _____ Vegetarian Pasta
$125 $200 $
Summer 2008 17
Participant Companion
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES—ALL PRICES IN U.S. DOLLARS REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED
Before Aug. 15
After Aug. 15
Qty
TOTAL
PRECONVENTION SEMINAR: October 16 (seminar not included in registration fee—space is limited)
Please indicate one choice: _____ ET 101 (Beal, Hinshaw) _____ Emerging Technologies (Looney, Lindsay)
$75 $75 $
GOLF TOURNAMENT: October 16 Shoal Creek Golf Course—6:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. (Includes golf, range balls, food, motor coach transportation, fun and prizes)
$90 $90 $
PRECONFERENCE SOCIAL: October 16An Evening of Jazz and BBQ at Historic Union Station—6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. *Event limited to registered attendees and one companion
CANCELLATION POLICY: To be eligible for a refund of meeting registration fees, requests must be received in writing before the following dates:
On or before September 15, 2008—90% Refund After September 15, 2008—NO REFUND
The cancellation dates apply only to the meeting registration fees. Ticketed events may be cancelled because of minimum attendance requirements. Refunds will be issued for CANCELLED ticketed events only. There will be NO REFUNDS for noncancelled events. All approved refunds will be issued after the meeting, in the form in which payment was received.
PLEASE NOTE: Please be sure to preregister for nonprogram ticketed events; they will not be available for purchase on site.
18 AETA Newsletter
Summer 2008 19
timed-AI) that became pregnant. For cows in Expt 4
from JARS, the interval preceding timed-AI, at which
estrus was first detected was calculated. For example, in
the 5CO-72 treatment, timed-AI occurred at Hour 72. If
estrus was detected at Hour 48, this female was
calculated to be in estrus at �24 h (Hour 72–Hour 48).
Cows from both locations were classified, as previously
described, based upon tail paint scores as 1 (estrus
before timed-AI), 2 (estrus coincident with timed-AI),
or 3 (not in estrus).
Timed-AI pregnancy rate, 25-d AI pregnancy rate,
and breeding season pregnancy rate were compared
using the same model and stepwise model reduction
process described for Expts 1, 2 and 3, except that
location (JARS and EARS) and all appropriate
interactions were added to the model. Due to limited
numbers of primiparous cows, three-way interactions
that included parity were excluded from the model.
Additionally, since collection of these data in 2006
coincided with the release of the GLIMMIX procedures
of SAS (2006), this procedure for analysis of binomial
data, rather than GENMOD were used to analyze these
data. Time of estrus relative to timed-AI for cows at
JARS in 2006 was compared using the mixed
procedures of SAS. The distribution of estrus classifica-
tion (1, 2, and 3) derived from tail paint scores were
compared among treatments using Chi Square in the
Frequency procedures of SAS.
In all experiments, the number of days postpartum
on Day 0 was included as a covariate in the statistical
models, and differences were considered significant
when P � 0.05. Also, in each experiment, AI
technician was initially included in all analyses,
however, differences were not detected for technician
and interactions with other variables were not
detected, therefore this term was removed from the
final analyses.
3. Results
3.1. Select-Synch + CIDR, 7 d versus 5 d
In Expt 1, 54.4% of the cows in the 7SS treatment
(Day 7) and 57.1% of the cows in the 5SS treatment
(Day 5) were cyclic at CIDR insertion. Estrous
response was similar between treatments (Table 1).
The interval from CIDR withdrawal to estrus did not
differ between the 7SS (55.9 � 1.5 h) and 5SS
(58.9 � 1.3 h) treatment. Estrus distribution between
treatments is presented in Fig. 1. Conception rate and
first service AI pregnancy rate did not differ between
treatments (Table 1). There was a treatment by
reproductive status interaction (P < 0.05) for 25-d
AI pregnancy rate (Table 1). In anestrous cows, 25-d
AI pregnancy rate did not differ between treatments.
However in cyclic cows, 25-d AI pregnancy rates were
greater (P < 0.05) in the 5SS than the 7SS treatment.
Breeding season pregnancy rate did not differ between
treatments (Table 1).
G.A. Bridges et al. / Theriogenology 69 (2008) 843–851 847
Table 1
Reproductive performance of postpartum beef cows receiving either a
7 d or 5 d Select-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization program
(Expt 1)
Treatmenta
7SS 5SS
Variable
No. multiparous cows (�3 y of age) 67 65
No. primiparous cows (2 y of age) 12 12
Estrus response (%) 91.1 83.1
Conception rate (%) 51.4 56.3
First service pregnancy rate (%) 46.8 46.8
25-d AI pregnancy rate (%)b
All cows 62.0 68.8
Cyclic cows 55.8c 77.3d
Anestrous cows 69.4 57.6
Breeding season pregnancy rate (%) 82.3 85.7
a Cows in all experiments received 100 mg of GnRH and a CIDR on
either Day-7 (7SS) or Day-5 (5SS). On Day 0, the CIDR was with-
drawn and PGF2a (25 mg dinoprost tromethamine) was given. A
second, similar dose of PGF2a was given to all cows approximately
12 h later.b Treatment by reproductive status interaction; P < 0.05.c Means differ between treatments, P < 0.05.d Means differ between treatments, P < 0.05.
Fig. 1. Estrus distribution for postpartum beef cows synchronized
with either a 7 d (7SS) or 5 d (5SS) Select-Synch + CIDR program
(Expt 1). Visual estrus detection was performed twice daily (AM and
PM) for 7 d following PGF2a (dinoprost tromethamine) administra-
tion. In both treatments, two doses (25 mg) of PGF2a (dinoprost
tromethamine) were administered 12 h apart, with the initial dose
given at CIDR withdrawal.
20 AETA Newsletter
Save the Date!
September 16—19, 2009
AETA & CETA/ACTE Joint Annual Meeting
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Summer 2008 21
3.2. CO-Synch + CIDR, 7 d with timed AI at Hour
60 versus 5 d with timed AI at Hour 60
In Expt 2, approximately 59% of cows were anestrus
at the initiation of treatments (Table 2). Timed-AI
pregnancy rate and 25-d AI pregnancy rate did not differ
between the 7CO-60 and 5CO-60 treatments (Table 2).
There was a treatment by reproductive status interaction
(P < 0.05) for breeding season pregnancy rate. In cyclic
cows, breeding season pregnancy rate was similar
between treatments. In cows that were anestrus at
treatment initiation, breeding season pregnancy rate
was less (P < 0.05) in the 5CO-60 treatment compared
to the 7CO-60 treatment (Table 2).
3.3. CO-Synch + CIDR, 7 d with timed AI at Hour
60 versus 5 d with timed AI at Hour 72
In Expt 3, approximately 90% of cows were anestrus
at the initiation of treatments (Table 2). Timed-AI
pregnancy rate was approximately 13% greater
(P < 0.05) in the 5CO-72 treatment than in the 7CO-
60 treatment (Table 2). Neither 25-d AI pregnancy rate
nor breeding season pregnancy rate differed between
treatments and no significant interactions of parity or
reproductive status were detected (Table 2).
3.4. CO-Synch + CIDR, 7 d with timed AI at Hour
60 versus 5 d with timed AI at Hour 72
In Expt 4, over 80% of cows were cyclic at the
initiation of treatments at JARS, whereas, at EARS,
approximately 50% of cows were cyclic at treatment
initiation (Table 2). At JARS (n = 150), detection of
estrus was performed twice daily from Day 0 until
timed-AI in both treatments. The time of estrus, relative
to timed-AI, was greater (P = 0.05) in the 5CO-72
(�11.6 � 1.1 h) than the 7CO-60 (�8.3 � 1.2 h) treat-
ment. Distribution of estrus for cows at JARS is shown
(Fig. 2). When evaluated across locations (JARS and
EARS), the proportion of cows in estrus prior to timed-
AI (57.6%), at timed-AI (19.0%), or not in estrus
(23.3%) did not differ between treatments (Fig. 3).
Timed-AI pregnancy rate was approximately 9%
G.A. Bridges et al. / Theriogenology 69 (2008) 843–851848
Table 2
Reproductive performance of postpartum beef cows receiving either a 7 d or 5 d CO-Synch + CIDRa estrous synchronization program
a Cows in all experiments received 100 mg of GnRH and a CIDR on either Day-7 (7CO) or Day-5 (5CO). On Day 0 the CIDR was withdrawn, and
PGF2a was given. A second dose of PGF2a was given to all cows approximately 12 h later.b Cows received dinoprost tromethamine (25 mg) at each PGF2a injection. Timed-AI was performed concomitantly with a second GnRH
treatment (100 mg) at 60 h after the first PGF2a injection in both the 7CO-60 and 5CO-60 treatment.c Cows received dinoprost tromethamine (25 mg) at each PGF2a injection. Timed-AI was performed concomitantly with a second GnRH
treatment (100 mg) at 60 h after the first PGF2a injection in the 7CO-60 treatment and 72 h after the first PGF2a injection in the 5CO-72 treatment.d Cows received cloprostenol sodium (500 mg) at each PGF2a injection. Timed-AI was performed concomitantly with a second GnRH treatment
(100 mg) at 60 h after the first PGF2a injection in the 7CO-60 treatment and 72 h after the first PGF2a injection in the 5CO-72 treatment.e PR = pregnancy rate.f Means differ between treatments within experiment, P < 0.05.g Means differ between treatments within experiment, P < 0.05.h Means tended (P = 0.08) to differ between treatments within experiment.i Means tended (P = 0.08) to differ between treatments within experiment.j Treatment by location interaction, P < 0.05.
22 AETA Newsletter
Summer 2008 23
greater (P < 0.05) in the 5CO-72 treatment than in the
7CO-60 treatment (Table 2). The magnitude of the
increase in timed AI pregnancy rate with the 5CO-72 as
compared to the 7CO-60 treatment appeared to be
greater (treatment x location; P = 0.083) at JARS (73.3
vs. 53.3%, respectively) than EARS (60.5 vs. 57.9%,
respectively). A treatment by location interaction
(P < 0.05) for 25-d AI pregnancy rate was observed.
At EARS, 25-d AI pregnancy rate tended (P = 0.08) to
be increased in the 7CO-60 treatment compared to the
5CO-72 treatment. At JARS 25-d AI pregnancy rate did
not differ between treatments. Breeding season preg-
nancy rate did not differ between treatments, and no
significant interactions of parity, reproductive status, or
location were detected.
4. Discussion
The objective of this collection of experiments was
to modify an existing GnRH-based, timed-AI program
based upon physiological principles, to attempt to
increase timed-AI pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows.
With the modified 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR program,
when timed-AI concomitant with GnRH was conducted
at 72 h post-PGF2a, timed-AI pregnancy rates were
increased in suckled beef cows. Across experiments, the
5CO-72 program increased timed-AI pregnancy rates
by 10.5% over the 7CO-60 program (7CO-60, 187/312
[59.9%]; 5CO-72, 214/304 [70.4%]). Moreover, based
on the lack of a statistical interaction of timed-AI
pregnancy rate with parity or reproductive status, we
inferred that the benefit of the 5CO-72 program was not
limited to a subgroup of animals, but increased
pregnancy rate across these classifications.
Increased pregnancy rates following timed-AI have
been observed in cows with increased estradiol at
induced ovulation [9]. Furthermore, Lopes et al. [15]
observed that greater plasma estradiol concentrations at
AI increased the likelihood of pregnancy in lactating
dairy cows. It was hypothesized that increased estradiol
production by the ovulatory follicle would be achieved if
luteal regression and withdrawal of the CIDR occurred
earlier relative to follicularwave emergence. Further, this
would occur as a result of the greater potential of younger
follicles to secrete estradiol relative to older follicles, and
a longer interval between PGF2a and second GnRH that
might be achieved with this approach. It has been
reported that growing dominant follicles, 4 d after
emergence, have increased intra-follicular estradiol con-
centrations and a greater capacity to produce estradiol
following in vitro cell culture than dominant follicles
evaluated later in the follicular wave [16]. Furthermore,
G.A. Bridges et al. / Theriogenology 69 (2008) 843–851 849
Fig. 3. Estrus classification for postpartum beef cows synchronized
with either a 7 d (7CO-60) or 5 d (5CO-72) CO-Synch + CIDR
program (Expt 4). Using visual estrus detection at timed-AI and tail
Santos JEP. Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy
cow. Theriogenology 2006;65:30–44.
G.A. Bridges et al. / Theriogenology 69 (2008) 843–851 851
26 AETA Newsletter
NOMINEES FOR 2008–2009 AETA BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Glenn Engelland, DVM, received his degree from Kansas State University in 1983. After working at Northglen Embryo Transfer for 2 years, he started his own practice in Salina, Kansas, where he houses donors, furnishes and houses recipients, and does on-farm embryo transfer in a two-veterinary practice with three full-time employees. He has been AETA-certified since 1991. Engelland has served previously on the AETA board of directors and is currently serving on the Certification Committee.Engelland and his wife, Kay, have 2 children. Their daughter, Erin, is a schoolteacher in Kansas City, and their son, Alex, is a sophomore at Friends University in Wichita, Kansas. Engelland is on the Saline County Extension Board, Saline County Health Board, Saline County Fair Board, and Christian Education Task Force at Trinity United Methodist Church. After 25 years, he remains passionate and committed to this profes-sion and the embryo transfer industry. He would welcome the opportunity to serve as a board member.
Stan Huels, DVM, grew up on a registered Holstein farm in Illinois. He attended the University of Illinois, where he received a BS in dairy science (1979) and an MS in reproductive physiology (1982). He began Huels Embryo Transfer Service in 1982. He graduated from the University of Missouri with a DVM in 1988. Since 1995, Huels has operated an embryo transfer exclusive practice. Huels Embryo Transfer Service has been an AETA-certified business since 1992. Huels and his wife, Dr. Nanci Wood-Huels, have two sons, Marcus (17 years) and Matthew (14 years), and they reside in Altamont, Illinois.
Lee Jones, MS, DVM, was born and raised in Georgia, and his parents still live in Gray, Georgia. His grandfather owned and operated a dairy near Nichols, Georgia, until it was bought out in 1985, and his father grew up on a small farm near Gray. Jones graduated from Jones County High School in Gray, Georgia, in 1980. He received his BS in biology from Georgia College in Milledgeville in 1984 and his MS in dairy science (reproductive physiology) from the University of Georgia in Athens in 1987. His major professor was Dr. Russ Page.
After graduation, Jones joined the staff at Granada Genetics in Marquez, Texas, where he worked for Drs. Charles Looney and Mike Wilson. He was project leader for the recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone research, and livestock project manager for several transgenic and nuclear transfer projects. He explored the use of transrectal ultrasound in managing a commercial embryo transfer recipient herd, assisted Brad Lindsey and Dr. Dan Miller in developing the Aloka
continued on p. 25
Summer 2008 27
transducer handle and needle guide for transvaginal ovum pickup and in vitro fertilization in cows, and managed the research donor and recipient herds until Granada was closed in 1991. In 1992 he went to work for Dr. Darrel DeGroft at Colorado Genetics in Loveland, Colorado, as production manager for this commercial embryo transfer facility, which maintained donors and recipients as well as a commercial in vitro fertilization program. In 1994 he entered veterinary school at Colorado State University and graduated in May of 1998.
After graduating from veterinary school, he began work at Medicine Valley Veterinary Hospital in Curtis, Nebraska, as a rural general practitioner. In 2001 he and his wife, Katy, founded Frontier Genetics International, a commercial embryo transfer facility providing on-farm and in-clinic beef cattle and equine reproductive services. Frontier Genetics International is a USDA-approved and AETA-certified embryo transfer business.
The Joneses have been married for 19 years and have 3 children. Ethan, 17, is involved in varsity wrestling, track and cross country, 4-H livestock shows, and FFA; is working on his Eagle Scout project; and is a youth leader at church. Elise, 12, is involved in junior high volleyball and basketball, and 4-H swine and horses. Molly, 11, is involved with English hunter/jumper and dressage and 4-H livestock, owns a sheep flock, and has a paper route. Katy is assistant equestrian coach at the Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture in Curtis and helps run Frontier Genetics International.
Jones is a member of AETA, IETS, NVMA (director 2006–2007, Large Animal CE chairman 2008), AVMA, AAEP, SFT, and AABP (Reproduction Committee chairman 2003–2006). He is a member of the Beef Leadership Team (2004–2008) of the North Central Region Reproductive Task Force, which hosts the Applied Reproductive Strategies workshops. Jones has coordinated several seminars for veterinarians on embryo transfer, estrous synchro-nization and reproductive ultrasound, and using reproductive technologies in a beef cattle practice at the Western Veterinary Conference, NVMA, and IETS. He is a scoutmaster for Troop 246 in Curtis, certified lay speaker, and lay leader for the United Methodist Church and is the Habitat for Humanity director for Frontier County.
Jones states, “I have had a wonderful opportunity to work with many people who have committed a lot to AETA. They have been mentors and models for me in practice and our profession. I would appreciate the opportunity to serve AETA as a director. I will strive to continue the quality leadership that guided our organization in its first 25 years. As a director I will work to serve the members, build professional relationships with other organizations, and enhance our reputation and recognition within the veterinary and animal science communities. I appreciate the nomination. I would also appreciate your vote for me as a director of the AETA.”
Rick Leone, DVM, is a 1988 graduate of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Colo-rado State University. He and his wife, Trish, their daughter, Gabriella, and their son, Valentino, own and operate Peak View Animal Hospital and Peak View Reproductive Services. Their home and business are located in the southeast corner of Colorado in the small rural town of Fowler. Along with the veterinary business, Leone and his wife have a small ranch with Leone’s parents, John and Virginia.
Peak View Reproductive Services began performing embryo transfer in both horses and cattle in 2003. It maintains in-house herds of recipient mares and cows.
Leone was appointed to the Colorado State Board of Veterinary Medicine by the gov-ernor in 2005. He is an active member of the Colorado Veterinary Medical Association. He also holds memberships in the Society for Theriogenology, the American Associa-tion of Bovine Practitioners, the Academy of Veterinary Consultants, and the American Association of Equine Practitioners.
Leone states, “I appreciate the opportunity to represent the American Embryo Transfer Association. Being a member and participating in the association has been a great and enriching experience for me.”
Nominees, continued from p. 25
28 AETA Newsletter
Reprinted with permission: G. E. Portillo, G. A. Bridges, J. W. de Araurjo, M.-K. V. Shaw, F. N. Schrick, W. W. Thatcher, and J. V. Yelich. Response to GnRH on day 6 of the estrous cycle is diminished as the percentage of Bos indicus breeding increases in Angus, Brangus, and Brahman × Angus heifers. Animal Reproduction Science. 103, pp 38–51. Copyright Elsevier 2008.
Summer 2008 29
30 AETA Newsletter
“MULTIMIN® Makes a Difference –I am a Firm Believer in this Product.”I've been in veterinary practice 30 years, and in school they taught us you can't get nutritionvia a needle. When MULTIMIN came out, I didn't use it for awhile because I still thought that ifcattle needed mineral you should put a supplement out for them to eat.
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9:00 a.m.—12:00 p.m. Exam for members seeking new certification Applications must be postmarked no later than September 15, 2008 Form and guidelines available at http://www.aeta.org
Certification Exam Notice
Certification Forum Saturday, October 18, 2008
7:30 a.m.
AETA certification represents a cornerstone of the Association. Certified and non-certified member alike are welcome to stop by for an informal certification forum. The committee and chairman Steve Malin will be available at this session
to inform, encourage, review and exchange ideas as we build on this principle of self-regulation.
Annual Certification Program Saturday, October 18, 2008
11:30 a.m.—12:30 p.m. Discussion of pertinent certification issues Required session for current Certified ETB’s Short, graded exam over significant information
Summer 2008 31
IN ANY LANGUAGE, AETA CERTIFICATIONSTANDS FOR EXPERIENCE AND QUALITY.Qualified PersonnelKey personnel have taken and passed acomprehensive exam.
Exceeds High StandardsFacilities, collection and transfer proceduresare subject to inspection by the AETA.
Experience & EquipmentThe qualified individual (s) taking the examination must have performed a minimum of 50 embryo recoveries of superovulated females and handle 250 embryos of which at least 100 were transferred to recipients females and at least 100 were frozen within the last 12 months.
European Export ApprovedAETA certified companies, after inspectionby the USDA, can freeze embryos that can beexported to the 15 countries in the Europeancommunity.
Canadian ApprovalAETA certified companies can freezeembryos to be shipped to Canada, with notesting of the donor dam.
ADD THE MARK OF EXCELLENCE KNOWN AROUND THE WORLDTO YOUR FIRM’S MARKETING PLANS TODAY! American Embryo Transfer Association 1111 North Dunlap Avenue Savoy, IL 61874 phone: 217.398.2217 fax: 217.398.4119 email: [email protected]
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