Immigration & Migration
Mar 18, 2016
Immigration&
Migration
News
Photo Essays:
Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder and Robbery: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 14)
Immigrants Flood to Ellis Island:! Hunter Williams ! ! (pg. 18)
Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 12)
Presidents Assist in Immigration Problems:! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 16)
African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance:! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 10)
News Articles:
Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height:! Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 5)
Does Immigration Affect the American Economy?:! Jacob Randolph ! ! (pg. 7)
Protests Take Place Over Immigration:! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 3)
Obama Broke His First Run’s Promise! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 9)
Evacuees Return to New Orleans After HurricaneKatrina:! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 2)
Photo Essays:Charlie Chapman Wows in The Immigrant: Marguerite VanDenburgh (pg. 24)Ellis Island Affects America’s View on Immigration! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 28)
Migrations That Affected America:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 36)Randy Road’s Died in Plane Crash! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 40)
Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz Forever:! Lucy Bryan ! ! (pg. 31)
First Crossing Relates to All Audiences:! Marguerite VanDenburgh ! ! (pg. 23)
Book Reviews:
Boy From Ireland Book Review:! Hunter Williams! ! (pg. 26)
Illegal: Making a Run for the Border:! Jacob Randolph! ! (pg. 38)Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance Book Review! Claire Morrison! ! (pg. 42)
Harlem Stomp! Looks Back on Harlem Renaissance! Lucy Bryan! ! (pg. 27)
News Section
Table of Contents: Migration & Immigration
Arts Section
Pg. 1
Evacuees Return to New Orleans After Hurricane Katrina
By: Lucy BryanHurr icane Kat r ina h i t New
Orleans, Louisiana on August 23, 2005,
and thousands of the city’s residents had
already evacuated to places further inland
in the United States. When the storm
ended on August 30, 2005, people began
to come back into the city. Some
evacuees have yet to return to the city,
and there are varying reasons as to why.
The people that have not returned to the
city are most likely not coming back for
one or more of the following reasons:
race, social or economic class, education,
damage to their property, or job
availability.
The amount of damage done to
someone’s property also made a large
impact on moving back into the city. If
people’s homes or businesses were
destroyed by the harsh winds and rains of
the storm, it was hard for them to return
to New Orleans and face the damage.
Driving by destroyed buildings and debris
was difficult for New Orleans citizens for
two reasons: they knew they would have
to repair what was left of their property,
and they were seeing their home town
destroyed, some areas beyond repair.
The horrific damage caused by Hurricane
Katrina kept the population away from
New Orleans for financial and emotional
purposes.
One neighborhood that was
devastatingly damaged was the Lower
Ninth Ward. With the amount of damage
done to that neighborhood, it was very
hard for people living there before the
storm to return. The Lower Ninth Ward
was an impoverished neighborhood
before Hurricane Katrina hit; and after the
storm, 80% of the area was underwater.
Many of the area’s residents could not
move back into the city due to destroyed
homes or due to an increased rent. Many
homes in the neighborhood were
destroyed and the majority of the owners
could not afford to rebuild their residence,
or buy a new one, so they stayed out of
the city. Other times, landlords would
increase the rent to be paid on a home
after the storm, and the tenant could not
pay the new rent. There has been little
SEE: EVACUEES RETURN, PG. 20Pg. 2
Immigration in America
Leading to Different Sided
ProtestsBy: Hunter Williams
Did you know that there are people
protesting immigration issues and illegal
immigrants in America right now. There
are many reasons why people are
protesting immigration in the United
states. Some protests are about
deportation and problems that surround
i t . One of the problems is that
deportation can lead to the separation of
families. Other protests are about
random check ups on immigration status
papers for people who seem suspicious
of possibly being illegal immigrants, and
some are about recent news for arrests
dealing with immigration.
On April 30, 2014, people in
Washington protested deportation of
illegal immigrants. One of the reasons
for the protest was because these
people did not want to see families split
up due to deportation. Many of the
protesters there had a personal
experience with this situation. Elias
Gonzales, a 15 year old at the rally, was
separated from his parents at a young
age due with his younger brothers and
sisters due to deportation said, "I lost my
childhood, but I'm protesting not just for
me but so that deportations don't
continue separating other families." The
protest surrounded the capital and
continued on all day, pressuring Obama
and his Congress to take action.
Eventually the protesters were arrested.
Obama later made a statement saying
that he would take the high and unfair
a m o u n t o f d e p o r t a t i o n s i n t o
considerat ion and then do more
r e s e a r c h o n h o w t o m a k e t h e
deportations more just.
Another recent news event was
the protest of a hundred people in
Phoenix about check-ups on possible
illegal immigrants. The people were
protesting over Jan Brewer’s decision as
to whether she would sign to the bill
about the check-ups.
Many of the protests are for
deportation, on the basis that it is unjust,
Pg. 3
but some people have different opinions.
Some people are entirely for anti-
immigration.
In America there are people who
bel ieve ent i re ly in depor t ing a l l
immigrants and these people have
formed groups. These hate groups are
vigilantes and will confront and harass
immigrants that they spot. These groups
started in America in the 1920’s when
immigrant levels began to rise and the
groups grew in the 1919’s. These people
would talk to others using racist
propaganda to convince them to join
their groups, one idea that they would
discuss is a plan called “Plan de Aztlan.”
This plan stated that immigrants were
going to take over Southwest America.
These groups still exist today and protest
about immigration. The groups like these
go against what others protest for. Some
people believe that deportation is unfair
because it splits families, but anti-
immigrant groups believe that all
immigrants should be deported.
Both s ides of immigrat ion
protesters believe their side is correct,
but the governments decides who they
will listen to.
️Start your day in a happy way!
With Organic Valley milkBy: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison
Pg. 4
Debate Over Illegal Immigrants Using Public School Reaches New Height
By: Marguerite VanDenburgh
On June 15th, 1982 the United
States Supreme Court overruled a
Texas court’s decision that child illegal
immigrants should not have the right to
a free public school education. The
State of Texas approved a law allowing
public schools to deny child illegal
immigrants access to their programs
and allowing public schools to charge
illegal immigrant families for tuition,
infuriating many families. Before
heading to the Supreme Court, the
Tyler Independent School District and
the state of Texas met in court several
times. The Tyler Independent School
District sued the state of Texas,
claiming the law violated the 14th
amendment.
All unidentified illegal alien
children and the Tyler Independent
School District served as the plaintiff.
The Tyler Independent School District
claimed the new law discriminated
against children who did not have
control of their legal and immigration
status and was simply unfair. The
school district also claimed the law
violated the Equal Protection Clause,
wh ich i s i nc luded i n t he 14 th
amendment. The Tyler Independent
District lost the case, but choose to
appeal several times.
Texas served as the defendant in
the largely publicized case. The state of
Texas argued that Texas should not be
responsible for illegal immigrants. The
state included in its argument that
taxpayers should not have to pay for
children to go to school that are not
citizens of the United States. The
defense claimed that charging families
tuition, who were not paying taxes, was
just. The defense also claimed that
$1,000 was an appropriate, reasonable
cost for tuition. Texas felt that it was not
responsible for illegal alien children and
the children did not deserve the right to
a free education.
The case reached the United
States Supreme Court, on December 1st,
1981 and after several appeals. On June
15th, 1982, the majority decided that yes,
Pg. 5
the law passed by the state was unjust
and did violate the 14th amendment
and the Equal Protection Clause.
Judge Brennan gave the statement for
the majority. The majority agreed that
children are not responsible for their
immigration or legal status, all children
deserved the right to a proper and
public education and no one should be
denied of anything solely based on the
person’s immigration status. In the
landmark case, the United States
Supreme Court gave the right to an
free education to all children, whether
illegal aliens or not and lifted the
burden of public school tuition to illegal
immigrant families.
Pg. 6
In need of a break? A good dance? Some live
music? A place to forget your problems?
Come to the Cotton Club in Harlem to hear jazz music and for the perfect place to party!
By: Lucy Bryan
~Featuring Duke Ellington and other live jazz musicians
~Dinner: $1.50
Made fresh every day!
By: Claire Morrison
Does Immigration Affect the American Economy?
By: Jacob Randolph
For the past 24 years, the question, “Do
immigrants really affect the American
economy?” has arised. The answer to that
question is yes, but how would immigrants
affect the economy; positively or negatively?
The answer is positively. Immigrants affect
the economy in ways such as creating more
jobs, keeping the price of products down,
replacing retirees, increasing innovation,
and being a source for more taxpayer
money.
Everybody thinks
that when immigrants
enter America they are depriving citizens of
jobs. Actually, Immigrants tend to create
more jobs when they enter the United
States. Immigrants have to make money
eventually, so they are more likely to go out
and start their own company. When running
a company it is necessary to have
employees be the backbone to make the
company function. With the necessity of
those jobs, this opens up slots for other
citizens whether it be high-skilled or non-
skilled jobs. Immigrant based jobs will also
be more likely to trade and do work with
their native land. Immigrants also play the
role that they replace American retirees’
jobs. Once people retire or leave there is a
gap and that position needs to be filled. The
job can be filled by a skilled immigrant, or
someone can be promoted to do the job and
the immigrant can take the non-skilled job.
Immigrants make and fill jobs therefore
reducing the unemployment rate in America,
helping other companies, and decreasing
poverty.
When Immigrants enter
America they don’t just get
paid and not taxed. Immigrants
get taxed just like other regular
Americans. This gives America a larger
supply of taxpayers thus leading to a better
America. With the more money Americans
can create more necessary things for
America such as buildings and roadways.
The money the government get from
taxpayers can lead us to more innovative
ways such as less expensive ways or
energy efficient ways. This can also lead to
better technology and a safer world. With
more taxpayer money Americans can be
“Do Immigrants really affect the American
Economy?”
Pg. 7
adventurous and experiment with
technology leading to a more innovative
world.
Immigrants might not seem like they
help with sales of products but they do.
Immigrants help reduce the price of
goods. Immigrants help reduce the prices
because if there are more people,
distributors don’t have to raise the price of
products so much to make a profit. This
would mean that for all people buying
goods they wouldn’t have to spend as
much money because it is all evenly
distributed throughout the people.
Immigrants help everyone in the country
because everybody has to buy goods to
survive.
Immigrants happen to impact our
e c o n o m y m o r e t h a n e x p e c t e d .
Immigrants impact our economy by
creat ing more jobs which reduce
unemployment rates. Immigrants also
increase innovation because they have to
pay taxes which is more money that
Americans can experiment with. There
are various reasons of how immigrants
affect our economy positively. Overall
immigrants are very important to our
economy because of how they affect
America’s citizens in a positive way.
The Nature of the evoSPEED Blink and They’ll be Gone
By: Jacob Randolph
Pg. 8
President Barack Obama First Run’s Failed Promise
By: Claire Morrison
Obama promised to have a
compatible immigration system set up
with in his first year. Though not
everyone remembered this promise,
the people who did remember were
e x t r e m e l y
upset by his
failed promise.
Many of these
peop le were
i m m i g r a n t s
t h e m s e l v e s .
They started
protests, where
they held up
signs that said “Immigrant rights are
Civil Rights” or “You guaranteed us
Obama!” and marched around
Washington D.C. Obama has tried
many ways to improve the illegal
immigrant problem, and the promise
mentioned before was his first
attempt at doing just that. He made
promises in his first election that there
w o u l d b e a c o m p r e h e n s i v e
i m m i g r a t i o n
system by the
end of his first
year done in
t h e o f f i c e s .
The promise
w a s a b o u t
introducing a
comprehensive
immigration bill.
Obama worked hard to get it
passed but failed. His failure
impacted many people and changed
how people looked at him greatly.
"I cannot guarantee that it is going to be in the first 100 days. But what I can guarantee is that we will have in the first year an immigration bill that I strongly support and that I'm promoting. And I want to move that forward as quickly as possible."
- President Barack Obama, May 28, 2008
Pg. 9
Angry immigrants are protesting against Obama’s failed promise.
African Americans Influence Cultural Change During Harlem Renaissance
By: Lucy Bryan
There are many important people that contributed to the new and exciting cu l tu ra l changes o f the Har lem Renaissance. Some of these people include: W. E. B . D u B o i s , L o u i s Armstrong, Duke Ellington, C h a r l e s S p u r g e o n Johnson, and Claude McKay. Each of these men played a special role in the cultural changes that took place during the Harlem Renaissance. W. E. B. Du Bois sparked the Harlem Renaissance by convincing African Americans that they should not avoid disagreeing with white people. Du Bois did this by being one of the first people to publicly write about the suppression of African American culture. Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington both contributed to the advancement of jazz music during the Harlem Renaissance. Duke Ellington started a jazz band and played at popular clubs, making jazz even more popular. Ellington also opened up the world of jazz to make in
broader by adding some variations to the music. Louis Armstrong revolutionized jazz in two ways: he arranged music so it could be played by one person, and he invented scat lyrics. Before Armstrong, a whole band was needed to play any jazz, and the lyrics were completely different because they were real words, not just sounds. Charles Spurgeon Johnson
organized the Civic Club Dinner to make progress in African American literature. Johnson invited African Amer ican wr i te rs and publishers to the dinner to give the writers more of a chance to finally be able to have a piece published. Claude McKay advanced t h e w o r l d o f A f r i c a n American poetry. He captured white society’s attention by pretending to
b e a n u n e d u c a t e d , S o u t h e r n , stereotypical African American instead of the brilliant man he was. Eventually, he unmasked himself and in doing so he had paved the way for future African American poets. Without these men, the Harlem Renaissance would have never happened and African American culture would not be the way it is today.
W. E. B. Du Bois
Pg. 10
Louis Armstrong Charles Spurgeon Johnson
Claude McKay
Duke Ellington
Pg. 11
Iconic People That Were Influential During the Great Migration
By: Jacob Randolph
Many African American leaders inspired the Great Migration. Booker T. Washington was a
Civil Rights activist who fought for freedom in America for African Americans. He was very
influential on the Great Migration because he wanted blacks to escape the oppression in the
South. W.E.B. Du Bois was a writer and one of the first african american scholars. His writings in
his articles were influential on the black community being another influence on the minds of the
South. Frederick Douglass inspired others with the work he did in earlier times such as wanting
to free slaves and his belief of equality for all. Jacob Lawrence was a famous painter during the
time of the Great Migration. His paintings depicted the events of the Great Migration. Isabel
Wilkerson was a writer that published the book The Warmth of Other Suns. This book talks
about the change of the lives of african americans and their experience when moving. These are
the most iconic people of the Great Migration and influential.
Booker T. Washington
Jacob Lawrence
Pg. 12
Frederick Douglass W.E.B. Du Bois
Isabel Wilkerson
Pg. 13
Italian Immigrants Convicted of Brutal Murder
Marguerite VanDenburgh
I n S o u t h B r a i n t r e e ,
Massachusetts, a paymaster and his
guard were found shot several times
in 1920. The victims were identified
as Fred Parmenter and Alessandro
Berardelli. Authorities believed the
shooter was Mike Boda. Mike Boda
was aware of the investigation and
fled to Italy. Police captured the next
best thing, Boda’s colleagues -
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo
Vanzetti. When found by police,
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo
Vanzetti were both armed and
Vanzetti had a record. Nicola Sacco
and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were both
arrested and sent to trial. The
defense, lead by Fred H. Moore had
a s t r o n g a r g u m e n t , y e t t h e
defendants were found guilty on July
14th, 1921. Sacco’s gun was
determined as the murder weapon.
It was admitted by the Governor of
Massachusetts that Sacco and
Vanzetti did not receive a fair trial in
the 1980’s. The case was reopened
in 1983 and to this day the Sacco
and Vanzetti case is mysterious and
many questions involving the case
have gone unanswered.
By: Lucy Bryan
Pg. 14
Parmenter and Alessandro Berardelli
Fred H. Moore
Nicola Sacco
Judge Webster Thayer
Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Pg. 15
Presidents Get Involved With Immigration Problems
By: Claire Morrison
During his first campaign, Obama
made a promise that not everyone
remembers, but is still a big deal. Though
not everyone remembers, the people who do
remember were extremely upset by his failed
promise. These people protested holding up
signs that said “where is the reform
Obama?” Obama has tried many ways to
improve the illegal immigrant problem, and
the promise mentioned above was his first
attempt at doing just that. He made
promises in his first election that there would
be a comprehensive immigration system by
the end of his first year done in the offices.
The promise was about introducing a
comprehensive immigration bill. Obama
worked hard to get it passed but failed.
In Cuba, in 1962, there was a terrible
dictator. President John F. Kennedy pitied
the Cubans, and helped them escape their
tragic life style. The Cubans were very
thankful, and relieved. Though, not everyone
was happy with the Cubans entrance into the
country. Many felt that the cubans were
taking jobs that should belong to “real”
American citizens.
Today many people feel that exact way about
what Obama is trying to do with the current
illegal immigrant problem. Obama wants to
let everyone already in America stay in
America, and then create a better security
system.
In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge signed
the Immigration Act. The Immigration Act
limited the number of people from other
countries that were allowed into the United
States of America based on a quota. A quota
is a limited quantity of a particular product,
that under official controls, can be produced,
exported, or imported. The act also
completely denied the entry of anyone born
in the Asiatic Barred Zone. In 1917 the
Immigration Act required the immigrants that
are over 16 years of age to take a test and in
it be able to demonstrate that they
possessed basic reading comprehension in
any language.
There are many protests around the country centered around immigration.
Pg. 16
Immigrants are protesting about the failed reform.
An Immigrant speaks his beliefs about the failed promise Obama made.
Many people are protesting for Immigration reform.
Pg. 17
Irish Immigrants to New York are Sent to Ellis Island
By: Hunter Williams
The pictures that are shown demonstrate details of Ellis Island. The image of the
statue is a woman named Annie Moore, who was the first woman to ever go through Ellis
Island. There are also images that show what the building on Ellis Island looked liked
from the outside and inside. The images of the inside of the building on the island show
how crowded it was on the inside. Not everyone was passed by the medics into New
York, some immigrants coming from Ireland failed their inspections. If someone fails their
inspection and the medics find out they have a disease, they could be killed. For other, if
they have a mental disability they could be sent home or possible allowed in depending
on the case. Due to a large amount of sick people, there were many rooms that were
turned into hospital rooms. Ellis Island was very iconic in immigration and migration and
was shut down on November 12, 1954.
The building on the Ellis Island where immigrants are inspected
Pg. 18
Immigrants were inspected by guards before entering the United States.
There were many medical rooms on Ellis Island for the sick people that were arriving.
The inspection room was normally packed on Ellis Island.
Most lower class immigrants looked like this woman upon arriving at Ellis Island.
Annie Moore is the woman and she is with her kids.
Pg. 19
rebuilding in the Lower Ninth Ward, but every year since the storm, the
neighborhood has been inching closer to full repair.
Hurricane Katrina was devastating to the city of New Orleans. The
Hurricane caused a loss in buildings in the city, and a loss in population in the city.
People fled the city to escape the horrible storm but some have still not returned to
the city. Race, class, area of residence, occupation, amount of damage done, and
education all contributed to the loss in population within the city of New Orleans after
Katrina. All of these factors make it hard to determine if the city will ever return to its
original population.
EVACUEES RETURN, CONTINUED FROM PG. 2
Pg. 20
John F. KennedyVote
ForU.S. President
By: Lucy Bryan
The iconic Louis Armstrong
was born in 1901.
Orden McDermott waited nine days at Ellis Island and developed
Scarlet fever. He died in
1921.
Over a span of 54 years the southern black
population in rural areas moved north
to more urban areas, beginning
in 1916.
The iconic silent film, The Immigrant, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin
was released in 1917.
When two Italian
immigrants were convicted of murder
and robbery, in 1921, America began to fear
foreigners.
Looking at Immigration
Pg. 21
Ellis Island operated for more than sixty years
bringing immigrants into the U.S. and closed in 1954.
Louis Armstrong was world
famous for his work with jazz
during the harlem
renaissance and
died in 1971.
In the landmark supreme
court case, in 1982, it was decided that child illegal immigrants
had the right to a public education.
Through the Years
Since roughly 1999,
immigration has been positively
affecting our economy.
In 2004, The Harlem Stomp! was released, but is based during the
Harlem Renaissance.
First Crossing, stories of
teens immigrating
was released in 2004.
After Hurricane
Katrina in 2005, citizens of New Orleans began moving home.
Events 1999-2014 - Hunter WilliamsLayout & Events 1900-1998 - Marguerite VanDenburgh
Illegal, about a Mexican
girl migrating with her dad, was released in 2011.
A Boy from Ireland
was released in 2007, but takes
place before Ellis Island
closed.
Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance was released in 2009, but took place
during the harlem renaissance.
In 2014, immigration protests have taken place in
Washington, D.C.
President Obama was
recently, in 2014, worked on
improving border patrol.
Pg. 22
Arts
Coke.
You Know You Want it.
Marguerite
First Crossing Relates to All AudiencesBy: Marguerite VanDenburgh
First Crossing, a novel of
several short stories, can relate
to all ages and will make people
curious about their heritage. The
realistic fiction novel includes
many different short stories
about people from all over the
world who all have one thing in
common, they have immigrated
to the United States. First
Crossing shines a light on the
fact America was built by millions
of immigrants, and many were
teenagers.
First Crossing is unique
from other tales of immigration;
each short story was written by a
different author, but all were
edited by Donald R. Gallo. The
book, published by Candlewick
Press in 2004, explores different
sparks for families leaving their
homes and traveling to the
United States. Whether people’s
reasons for leaving were political
violence, a bad economy or
being adopted, all the teens miss
their home or are curious about
their heritage.
A common theme of all the
short stories included in the
novel, is fitting in with peers and
adjusting to life in a new place.
The stories are relatable to
e v e r y o n e w h o h a s b e e n
Continued on Pg. 30
Pg. 23
Charlie Chaplin Wows in The Immigrant
By: Marguerite VanDenburgh
! Charlie Chaplin starred in
and directed the 1917 iconic film,
The Immigrant. In the classic,
silent film Chaplin plays an
immigrant on his way to America.
The male immigrant is broke.
The man wins a purse and is
accused of stealing it. The
female immigrant from whom the
purse is was won from clears the
male immigrant’s name. The
female immigrant’s mother dies.
The male finds money and invites
the female out to eat. She eats so
much that she becomes ill. The
two fall in love, but the male is
sent home after kicking an
immigration officer. Charlie
Chaplin’s character is sadly sent
back to France and does not
making to America.The Immigrant was released by Select Pictures.
Pg. 24
Both the female and male immigrants were extremely hungry during their journey.
The cast of The Immigrant.
Edna Purviance (left) was an influential actress when the film was released.
Edna Purviance
Charlie Chaplin
Pg. 25
A Boy from Ireland, Adapting to America
By: Hunter Williams
A Boy from Ireland is a historical fiction book written by Marie Raphael in 2007. The book takes place in Connemara, Ireland in 1901 and shifts to New York as the book continues. The third person narrative tells the story of Liam and Alice, a teenage boy and girl who lost their parents at a young age while living in England. Alice and Liam were sent to live with their uncle, Patrick, whom Liam does not like, in Ireland. They are invited by a relative named Mrs. McCathery to go to New York with Patrick’s friend Mr. Gavin and his son named Colin that Liam hates.
T h e b o o k d e s c r i b e s a n d demonstrates the history of immigration in America by showing what immigrants had to do to get to America, and what immigration to America was like for these people. A Boy from Ireland also talks about how the people of Ireland were controlled by England and the battles going on between them.
The book allows the reader to experience what it was like going on a crowded ship to America, having to go to
Ellis Island and wait for hours to get inspected, and how life was upon arriving. The tone of the book is adventurous, sad at times.
A Boy from Ireland opens the American reader’s eyes to how many of the immigrants that came to America were poorly treated and how it was hard for them to adjust to America. In other words, it was very tough for these immigrants to adapt and make money. This makes some Americans realize that their opinions on immigrants are incorrect, immigrants are not just dumb and useless people, and be treated as if they were. In the book, Alice and Liam see New York as a dirty place, especially compared to where lived. For very patriotic readers, the way New York is depicted may be upsetting. In a Boy from Ireland, the history, geography, and politics affects the characters, themes, and plot.The plot and characters are influenced due to a history and between England and Ireland, and because Liam was partly English, Patrick and him fight about the offensive statements that Patrick
Marie RaphaelA Boy from Ireland book cover
SEE: Adapting to America pg. 35 Pg. 26
Harlem Stomp! Gives a Detailed Account of the Harlem Renaissance By: Lucy Bryan
Harlem Stomp!, by Laban Carrick
Hill, is a nonfiction retrospective that gives
an account o f the 1920 ’s Har lem
Renaissance. Harlem Stomp! was
published by Little, Brown and Company in
2003. Laban Carrick Hill speaks about
African Americans and their culture in a
respectful tone and it is apparent that he
believes the Harlem Renaissance was long
awaited and that African Americans
deserved a better place in society.
The Harlem Renaissance took place
in New York City neighborhood, Harlem,
and the majority of the change took place in
the 1920’s. Harlem Stomp! is not written
chronologically, but each chapter highlights
the different aspects of African Americans
c u l t u r e t h a t c h a n g e d d u r i n g t h e
renaissance. Some of these changed
cultural elements are visual arts, poetry,
drama, and dance. The book consisted of
not only text, but different images as well.
These images include articles, photographs,
paintings, poems, and letters from the
Harlem Renaissance, used to break up the
writing. The visuals also help a reader’s
understanding of the content by showing
how people living in Harlem and the rest of
the United States reacted to the explosion
of culture.
Some of the most important people to
the Harlem Renaissance were W. E. B. Du
Bois, Louis Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon
Johnson, and Claude McKay, because they
each helped a form of culture evolve during
the renaissance. Du Bois was one of the
first people to spark African Americans to
push their culture into the white world, by
saying it was okay for them to speak for
themselves. Louis Armstrong changed jazz
during the renaissance. Armstrong changed
jazz by making it so one person could
“It was a shift in philosophy from
accommodating white domination to
demanding equal status and recognition for
blacks.”
Pg. 27
SEE: Harlem Stomp! pg. 33
The images of Ellis Island galvanize
the public’ attention of the island and
represent the theme of Ellis Island. The image
of the statue is Annie Moore. She was famous
among the public because she was the first
woman to be allowed to pass through the
island. The painting of the inside galvanized
the public’s attention by showing the
conditions on the inside. Looking at the image,
the very crowded and clustered inside is
demonstrated. The painting of the outside of
the island galvanizes the public’s of the
buildings represent. The image of the boat
and island (above) shows the process of
going to Ellis Island. The ships that are filled
with immigrants pull up to Ellis Island and load
the immigrants off and into the building to get
inspected. Ellis Island is a major symbol of
Irish immigration to America, and these
important images of Ellis Island made the
American people pay more attention to
immigration, specifically from Ireland to New
York. After seeing these photos and photos
like them, the public took more interest in the
subject and learned more about the island.
By: Hunter Williams
The boat docked at Ellis is dropping of a group of immigrants.
Pg. 28
Ellis Island Affects American’s View on Irish Immigrants
The inside of Ellis is normally packed and crowded.
The boat is unloading at New York.Annie Moore is looking to New York after being inspected on Ellis.
Pg. 29
embarrassed by their parents, had trouble
fitting in, has moved, been forced to do
anything they did not want because of their
family or even started a new life. In the short
story, “First Crossing,” Marco wonders how
many other people were headed to a whole
new world. Marco did not know that leaving
home or starting over is a
struggle millions of people go
through every single year,
whe ther they a re f rom
Cambodia, Mexico, Sweden,
the Soviet Union or even just
moving cities somewhere in
America.
M a n y o f t h e
adolescent’s family’s values
prevent the characters from
fitting in. Maya’s family’s
strict belief that women are
not equal to men or Ameen’s family’s religion
made them different. Everyone’s culture is
different, making them unique. All of the
teen’s conflicts are along the lines of it isn’t
always easy moving away from home then
moving to a new place and not all cultures are
the same.
! A sense of sadness and hope is demonstrated by most of the short stories.
When people are forced to leave their home and family, it can be very emotional for the
character and the reader. Readers should
expect a tone of hopefulness as characters head to a brand new life in America.
! Many of the issues in the short stories are or were serious global topics. Families in the
stories flee their home due to a Communist takeover in Cambodia, a lack of employment in
Mexico, war in Palestine and political unrest in Venezuela due to an tyrannic
president. Any historian would recognize the historically accurate
c a u s e s o f t h e f a m i l i e s ’ immigration. First Crossing can
make any American proud to be from a nation that so many people
wish they were a part of and proud to be from a place that is
more peaceful than many other countries.
! First Crossing is a novel
t h a t e v e r y o n e , i n c l u d i n g
Americans, teens and history lovers, should
read to understand how America was built and
how lucky they are to be from a place, where so
many people flee to for peace. The novel also
intrigues people to learn more about immigration
and where they ancestors came from. The short
stories in First Crossing provide a way for
teenagers to learn about immigration, new
cultures and different nations people call home
all over the world.
First Crossing Continued from Pg. 23
First Crossing was released in 2004.
Pg. 30
Louis Armstrong Changes Jazz ForeverBy: Lucy Bryan
During the 1920’s, jazz music played a large, and interesting, part in the Harlem
Renaissance. Louis Armstrong was one of the individuals that revolutionized jazz.
Growing up in New Orleans, Louisiana, Armstrong was surrounded by jazz his entire
life. He learned to play the trumpet, and was so loud he could fill a room with just the
music he made himself. Before Armstrong had arrived on the jazz scene, a whole
band was needed to play any jazz song, but Armstrong
arranged the music so one person could play alone.
Armstrong also invented scat lyrics, which are a series of one
syllable sounds that are used in place of real lyrics. Scat
made it easier to play jazz by oneself. It was
near impossible for a musician to play a wind
instrument, which are popular instruments to
play while performing jazz, while attempting to
sing lyrics. By using scat lyrics a musician
could “sing” anywhere
there was a pause in
the instrumental music.
Louis Armstrong is still
well known in New Orleans because he grew up in the city, and
because jazz is a very popular genre of music in the area.
Many New Orleanian jazz musicians have re-recorded or
styled there music off of Armstrong’s because he was such a
popular musician of the 1920’s. Louis Armstrong was so
influential as a musician because he gave African
Americans in the 1920’s hope for a brighter future through
his music, he was well-known even among white society, and because he changed
jazz forever. Without Louis Armstrong, jazz would be very different than the way we
know it today.
Louis Armstrong was famous for playing his trumpets much louder than a typical musician.
Armstrong learned to play the trumpet when he still lived in New Orleans and he is most often depicted with that instrument.
“And I think to myself, what a
wonderful world.”-Louis Armstrong
Pg. 31
One of Armstrong’s most famous songs is “What a Wonderful World,” and the song is still popular to the present day.
Louis Armstrong invented scat lyrics, and he often used that form of singing instead of typical lyrics.
Pg. 32
play a tune alone. Charles Spurgeon
Johnson advanced African American
literature by creating the
Civic Club Dinner. The Civic
Club Dinner was a chance
for hard- working, underpaid
writers to meet publishers.
Johnson noticed that many
great African American writers were not
published because they did not have
time to meet with publishers, so he
decided help them by introducing them
to publishers. Claude McKay caught
white society’s eye with his poetry by
masking as an uneducated “Negro.”
White society read his poems because
they thought that he was the epitome of
the uneducated, Southern African
American. After he caught everybody’s
attention he began to write poems that
showed he could speak proper English,
w h i c h f o r c e d w h i t e p e o p l e t o
acknowledge that not all African
A m e r i c a n s w e r e i l l i t e r a t e a n d
incompetent. Each of these men, in
some special way, captured white
society’s attention and encouraged
African Americans to show their culture
to the rest of the world.
W. E . B . D u B o i s , L o u i s
Armstrong, Charles Spurgeon
Johnson, and Claude McKay
h e l p e d s t a r t t h e H a r l e m
Renaissance, along with help from
geography, time period, and the
history and politics of racism and
segregation. If Harlem was not located
somewhere in the North the Harlem
Rena i ssance wou ld have neve r
happened, because African Americans
moved to Harlem to escape the South.
The 1920’s was about progression in the
United States and African Americans
were no exception to that progression.
The cultural advances made in Harlem
all contributed to the idea of change
during the Roaring Twenties. African
Americans had the perfect time to make
cultural changes, but they also needed a
reason. This reason was equality.
African Americans had been beaten,
k i l l ed , and res t r i c t ed by wh i t e
segregation laws, and ways of life.
“African Americans everywhere began to rise as if from a deep sleep and to
demand their rightful place in
American culture.”
Harlem Stomp! Continued from Pg. 27
Pg. 33
African Americans knew if they made
changes in their culture, white
people would take notice of them and
maybe, eventually, accept them as equals.
Harlem Stomp! shows what African
Americans went through by developing the
themes horrors of racism and African
American freedom. Harlem Stomp! tells
readers about lynchings and race riots
African Americans had to witness.
Witnessing these events was hard for
African Americans to see because they
knew there was little they could do about
it. During the Harlem Renaissance African
Americans finally experienced some type
of cultural freedom. They were no longer
encouraged to cower before whites, but to
be themselves.
Harlem Stomp! is a book made for all
audiences. The memoir is a great way for
students to learn about the Harlem
Renaissance without being overwhelmed
with text. The book is also interesting,
giving small side facts about history, while
adding photos and articles from the time,
so the reader can see inside the Harlem
Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is
a critical first step in African American
Laban Carrick Hill
The front cover of Harlem Stomp! shows how both the written culture and the musical culture of the 1920’s changed.
Pg. 34
makes about England. The change in geography between Ireland and New York, affects the plot, in. In there were no African Americans and this affected the plot and characters because Patrick did not allow Liam to get a job that he really wants because he would be working for a black man.
Whether the reader is interested in immigrant history in America or was assigned to read it for school, this book will give the key information about immigration from Ireland to America that is important to know.
A Boy From Ireland Continued from pg. 26
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Pg. 35
Migrations that Affected America By: Jacob Randolph
The Great migration was the movement of
6,000,000 african americans to the North, Mid
West, and West. The Great migration consisted of
mostly southern african americans migrating. Ellis
Island was a major event that brought in many
Irish immigrants to America. This island was right
off of New York and was a place where the new
immigrants originally came to get settled and
moved from there. Illegal Immigration is a problem
in America now as it was in the 20th century. The
problem today is immigrants coming from Mexico
into America. Immigration to and in America is a
dream for others outside and inside of the country.
This map shows the different ways and places African Americans went during the Great Migration.
This was the building at which all new immigrants entered after their arrival to Ellis Island.
Pg. 36
These immigrants were coming from Ireland and are waiting on Ellis Island to enter the main building.
African Americans are buying the products they need for their new urban lives at this corner store.
These are people who got caught trying to cross the border illegally.
Pg. 37
Illegal: Making a Run for the Border
Imagine being in life and death situations and having to be the leader and provider in a family. Nora, the main character, lives a life like this every day.The book I l legal by Bett ina Restrepo is fiction published in 2011 by HarperCollins. Illegal takes place in Cedula, Mexico at the start of the book, and Houston, Texas in the middle and end of the book. The book doesn’t give a specific date but it is pretty modern so it is some time in the 21st century. The book also depicts the towns as poor and dirty where the characters live.
The significant characters in this novel are Nora, Flora, Jorge, Keisha, Aurora, and grandma. The protagonist of this novel is a young fifteen year old woman named Nora. Nora is Mexican and has lived in Cedula, Mexico on her orchard her entire life along with her mother, Aurora, and her grandmother. In the novel, Nora was separated from her father at a young age as he went to America to try and provide more for the family. The father, Arturo, stopped sending money and Nora was worried. She then ventures to Houston with Aurora looking for her father. There she realizes America wasn’t as easy as she thought. Aurora was Nora’s mother who supported and followed her. Keisha is a friend who Nora meets in America, who is bullied often because of the color of her skin. Flora is a local troubled girl
who f loats around without a real home, receiving beatings by her gangbanging brother. Nora is friendly to this girl and helps her throughout the novel. Nora is related to the theme of immigration because she was an illegal immigrant herself since she crossed the Mexican border into the United States.
The theme of the book is the hardships of immigration. This theme is developed because of all the troubles Nora has to go to when she is journeying to America. Nora goes through so much trouble to cross the border by waiting in a hot, smelly van for ten hours with rotten mangoes and no breaks. Nora also had to fight the truck driver once she arrived in Houston and it was physical. Once Nora is settled in Houston she also has to deal with gang members. She fights them in many situations such as at the pool and at her local park. The tone of the book is very serious. This tone is developed by all the events Nora goes through such as crossing the border because if she is caught she is deported and sent to prison. She also faces times when she fights gang members and they are life and death situations. This book will captivate many characters because the characters wish so much for their dreams. Their dreams also are for better opportunities as
By: Jacob Randolph
“He’s here. He’s all around me. Finally, we’re all together.”
Pg. 38
well as the fact that the chapter ends with cliff hangers.
This book addresses immigration because Nora has to cross the border in order to find her dad. The also addresses how hard the actual l i fe of an immigrant is. This book will captivate many readers and suck them in because of the reality of the story. It also is a story of dreams because Nora and others are trying to make it in America which is their struggle that is so great and exciting.
Illegal by: Bettina Restrepo
Bettina Restrepo
BE COLORFUL
Marguerite
Pg. 39
By: Claire Morrison
On Friday, March 19, 1982 in
Leesburg, Florida Randy Rhaods died.
Randy Rhoads was the lead guitarist
for Ozzy Osborne. He died on tour in
a plane crash. He and the two other
passengers, Andrew Aycock and
Rachel Youngblood on the Beach
Bonanza F35 died. The pilot, Andrew
Aycock, was trying to “buzz” Ozzy
Osborne’s tour bus when the wing
clipped the vehicle, and crashed into a
house. Later the police discovered
cocaine in Aycock’s urine. Sharon
A rden , t he manage r o f Ozzy
Osbourne, and Rudy Sarzo, bassist,
were asleep on the tour bus at the
time of the accident. Don Airey, the
Keyboardist, was also on the tour bus
but he was awake. He said the plane
swooped at treetop level three times,
before it hit the tour bus.
Randy Rhoads rocking out on the guitar at one of his concerts.
The news spreads about Randy Rhoads’ death. Many are devastated.
Randy Roads Died in Plane Crash
By: Claire Morrison
Pg. 40
The day after the crash Ozzy
Osbourne told the authorities and
the paparazzi "At approximately
nine a.m. on Friday, March 19,
1982, I was awoken from my
sleep by a loud explosion. I
immediately thought that we’d hit
a vehicle on the road. I got out of
bed, screaming to my fiancé,
Sharon , ‘ge t o f f the bus ! ’
Meanwhile, she was screaming to
everyone else to get off the bus.
After getting out of the bus, I saw
that a plane had crashed. I didn’t
know who was on the plane at the
time. When we realized that our
people were on the plane, I found
it very difficult to get assistance
from anyone to help. In fact, it
took almost a half-hour before
anyone arrived. One small fire
engine arrived, which appeared to
squirt three gallons of water over
the inferno. We asked for further
help, such as telephones, and
didn’t receive any further help. In
the end, we finally found a
telephone and Sharon phoned
her father." This shows just how
hectic the plane crash, and the
death of Randy Rhoads was.
Randy Rhoads’ grave was supported by many of the public.
Randy Rhoad’s plane crashed in Leesburg, Florida.
Pg. 41
Celeste Adventures to HarlemBy: Claire Morrison ! Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance is
an intriguing story written by Eleanora
E. Tate, and published by Little, Brown
And Company in April of the year
2007. Celeste’s Harlem Renaissance
is a historically-fictional novel based in
the 1920’s dur ing the Har lem
Renaissance. It is about a thirteen
year old girl named Celeste Massey,
who has to leave her home in North
Carolina to l ive with her aunt,
Valentina, inhabiting in New York City.
There, Celeste experiences the
Harlem Renaissance, and finds out
Aunt Valentina’s life is not how she
was lead to think.
The cover image shows Celeste
viewing New York and the Harlem
Renaissance for the first time ever.
On one side it shows Celeste, her
Aunt Valentina, the building where
they lived, and a couple other people
they know. Celeste is looking around
which demonstrates she has never
been in New York before. To Celeste
New York is different and unusual,
because she has never been outside
of North Carolina before. On the other
side of the cover image it shows
people dressed glamorously, and big
spectacular buildings. This shows the
diversity that Celeste lived through
during her time in New York, and how
different it was from Celeste’s home in
North Carolina.
Celeste, the protagonist, is a thirteen
year old girl who lives in North
Carolina with her father and her Aunt
Society. Poppa, also known as Taylor,
is Celeste’s father, he gets sick with
consumption causing Celeste to have
to go live with her Aunt Valentina.
Aunt Society, who has conflicts with
the pro tagonis t but is not an
antagonist, is Celeste’s aunt who lives
with Celeste and her brother, Taylor.
Aunt Valentina, a very important
character but not the protagonist, is a
selfish actress, singer, and dancer
during the Harlem Renaissance. She
is also Celeste’s aunt.
Pg. 42
A very important historical theme
developed in Celeste’s Harlem
Renaissance is re-birth or the
renaissance. I t is developed
everywhere. Celeste has to move and
re-adapt to harlem from her completely
different life in North Carolina.
Eleanora E. Tate
Every drop is green.
Pg. 43By: Lucy Bryan and Claire Morrison
d’Juice
Drink d’Juice! Make New Orleans Healthy
BACONATOR
DO SOMETHING D I F F E R E N T TELL THEM TO GET LOST
I’m loving it
SHE’S THE SALT OF THE EARTH.
AND THE SEA.
SMELL LIKE A MAN, MAN.
L’eggo myEggo
Cadillac
Ramsey’s Jewelers
Green Giant
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison
By: Claire Morrison