A centre of expertise in digital information management Getting To Grips With Web 2.0 Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath Email [email protected].

A centre of expertise in digital information management

www.ukoln.ac.uk

Getting To Grips With Web 2.0

Brian KellyUKOLNUniversity of [email protected]

UKOLN is supported by:

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/

Acceptable Use PolicyRecording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, Blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.

Acceptable Use PolicyRecording/broadcasting of this talk, taking photographs, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, Blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.

This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat)

Resources bookmarked using 'mla-ne-2006-10' tag


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Contents

Introduction• About me and UKOLN

Web 2.0• What is it? Mashups• Blogs Wikis• Social bookmarking Comms tools• Geo-based service Microformats

Deployment Strategies• User focus Org. benefits• Supporting enthusiasts Pilots• Risk assessment Training


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About Me

Brian Kelly:• UK Web Focus: a Web advisory post

based at UKOLN• Funded by JISC and MLA to advise

HE/FE and cultural heritage sectors• Web enthusiasts since Jan 1993

UKOLN:• National centre of expertise in digital

information management• Located at the University of Bath


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About This Talk

These slides (and related resources):• Available on the Web• Links to related resources embedded in slides• Resources bookmarked in del.icio.us using tag

‘mla-ne-2006’• Slides (and talk) available with a Creative

Commons licence (reuse for non-commercial purposes with acknowledgements)

• Talk may be recorded and Podcast created• If WiFi network available, feel free to follow slides

and links, chat with colleagues, etc• But ensure you minimise disruptions and

distractions and respect privacy, data protection, etc. issues

Intr

od

uct

ion


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Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005

Characteristics Of Web 2.0

• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups

Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation

Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging

(folksonomies)• Trust and openness

Characteristics Of Web 2.0

• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups

Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation

Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging

(folksonomies)• Trust and openness

Web 2.0

What Is Web 2.0?

Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”

Web

2.0


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Web 2.0: Summary

In summary Web 2.0:• Term which is used to refer to a variety of

technologies: Blogs, Wikis, social networking, social bookmarking, etc.

• Term associated with companies such as Google, Yahoo, Flickr, del.icio.us, etc.

In addition:• Term which is related to particular approaches:

openness, user-focus, user content, trust, 'always beta', etc

Web

2.0

We will illustrate some of the technologies, were possible with a cultural heritage focus or benefits to the sector.We will also discuss the implications (threats & benefits) of the Web 2.0 approaches

We will illustrate some of the technologies, were possible with a cultural heritage focus or benefits to the sector.We will also discuss the implications (threats & benefits) of the Web 2.0 approaches


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BlogsBlogs – social phenomenon of the C21st?Need for information professionals to:

• Understand Blogging & related technologies (e.g. RSS, Technorati)

• Be able to find resources in the 'Bloggosphere'

• Explore how to Blogs to support business functions (support users, staff & organisation)

Web

2.0

http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/antarctica/http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/antarctica/

This blog … tells what it's like spending the winter in Antarctica conserving artefacts from the explorer's hut left behind by Ernest Shackleton in 1908.

This blog … tells what it's like spending the winter in Antarctica conserving artefacts from the explorer's hut left behind by Ernest Shackleton in 1908.

http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/blog/

Increasingly professional (e.g. developers) use Blogs to describe what they're doing.Note that a Comments field can allow you to engage in discussions

Increasingly professional (e.g. developers) use Blogs to describe what they're doing.Note that a Comments field can allow you to engage in discussions

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration

Key Characteristics


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Blogs - Reading

How do you keep informed of developments?

• Do you use a dedicated Blog reader?

• Are you alerted of changes to key Blogs?

• Do you focus on the content, and avoid the distractions of ads, etc.

Web

2.0

Bloglines – a Web-based Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

Bloglines – a Web-based Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

http://www.bloglines.com/myblogshttp://www.bloglines.com/myblogs

BlogBridge – a desktop Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

BlogBridge – a desktop Blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration


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Web

2.0 What Are They Saying About Us?

Blogs are very interconnected with each other (Bloggers discuss other Blog postings).

This can help to provide feedback; measure impact; engage in discussions; etc.

http://piclib.nhm.ac.uk/antarctica/

Blogger Web Comments tool lights up if Blog comments about Web site have been made. Alternatively go to the Google Blog search

Blogger Web Comments tool lights up if Blog comments about Web site have been made. Alternatively go to the Google Blog search

http://pachome2.pacific.net.sg/~schizoid/para/ …


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Finding Resources

Technorati can help find Blog articles, etc.

Technorati search for "Museum of Antiquities" finds:

• Blog posting about current exhibition posted 11 minutes ago!

Google search finds:• Museum home page

Web

2.0

http://www.technorati.com/ …http://www.technorati.com/ …

What do users want: the home page and what people are saying today. Google & Technorati are valuable tools, so organisations should ensure that their Web site can be found in both.

RSSSyndication


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WikisWikis – collaborative Web-based authoring tools

I use Wikis for:• Collaborative

papers (avoiding emailed MS Word file around)

Web

2.0

Writely – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job

Writely – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job

http://www.writely.com/http://www.writely.com/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A

• Note-taking at events

Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.

Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.

• Social discussions at events

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects

OpennessSyndication

Collaboration


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Wikipedia

Wikipedia – not only a community-developed encyclopedia, but also a well-linked Web site, which boosts Google rankings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museumhttp://www.google.co.uk/search?q=british+museum

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=british+museum

In top 10 in Google list

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=culturehttp://www.google.co.uk/search?q=culture

Do you try and ensure your Web site is easily found when searching? If so, then an entry in Wikipedia could help with this business objective

Do you try and ensure your Web site is easily found when searching? If so, then an entry in Wikipedia could help with this business objective


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Sharing - Flickr

Web 2.0 includes community-buildingYou can help support your community-building by making it easy to share photos at events (e.g. this seminar)Simply suggest a tag e.g. ‘mla-ne-2006-10-18’ and encourage delegates to upload their photos with this tag

Web

2.0

http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=text

http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=texthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6

OpennessNetwork effect

SyndicationCollaboration


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Sharing – del.icio.usAnother aspect of sharing is sharing bookmarks

This can be used to:• Manage your

bookmarks• Allow others to

contribute resources• Allow lists of bookmarks

to be repurposed• Carry out impact

analysis

Web

2.0

View of the RSS feeds using RSS Panel (note this is a Firefox extension and not part of del.icio.us)

View of the RSS feeds using RSS Panel (note this is a Firefox extension and not part of del.icio.us)Who else has bookmarked this resources? What are their interests?(I may have similar interests) How many have bookmarked my resource?

Who else has bookmarked this resources? What are their interests?(I may have similar interests) How many have bookmarked my resource?The bookmarks can be integrated into third party Web sites using a simpleJavaScript code (provided by del.icio.us)

The bookmarks can be integrated into third party Web sites using a simpleJavaScript code (provided by del.icio.us)

http://del.icio.us/lisbk/mla-ne-2006-10http://del.icio.us/lisbk/mla-ne-2006-10

OpennessNetwork effect

SyndicationCollaboration


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Microformats (1)

Microformats:• Highlight of WWW 2006• Semantic markup on the cheap – builds on

existing XHTML pages• No need for complex software• See <http://microformats.org/>

Using microformats:• Add some simple semantics using <span>, <div>,

etc. classes:<span class="fn">Brian Kelly</span>

• Firefox plugins, harvesters, etc can process the semantic markup e.g. add names to your Outlook contacts, events to your Google calendar, etc

• Bath Univ created thousands of pages with microformats using simple tweak to Perl scripts

Tags Collaboration

Web

2.0


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Microformats (2)

Pages on IWMW 2006 Web site have microformats

Plugins such as Tails display contact and event details & allow them to be uploaded to Outlook, Google Calendar, etc

Web

2.0

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/sessions/kelly

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/sessions/kelly

World Cup Web site also has microformats. This avoids the cumbersome downloading dates, entering calendar, selecting import, finding file, …

http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/england/http://www.worldcupkickoff.com/england/

Tags Collaboration


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Web As A Platform Upcoming.org can deliver traffic to your Web site, who may then book for the eventThey provide

• Event details• Microformats

(event, location)

Web

2.0

http://upcoming.org/event/69469/http://upcoming.org/event/69469/

• Exporting functionality

• Community space

Other people can take my data and use it to provide my event. They also provide additional functionality for me Other people can take my data and use it to provide my event. They also provide additional functionality for me

NetworkUsers

TagsCollaboration


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Creative Commons

Hasn’t Upcoming.com contributor infringed my copyright (even though it’s to my benefit?)

• Creative Commons licence assigned to publicity details

• Also described in microformat to allow software to find licence

Web

2.0

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/publicity/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/publicity/

OpennessTags

Collaboration

Note that the openness is a key aspect of Web 2.0: open source; open standards and open content can all help to bring benefits through maximising usage of services

Note that the openness is a key aspect of Web 2.0: open source; open standards and open content can all help to bring benefits through maximising usage of services


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Web

2.0 Mapping Services & The Web

Web 2.0 provides valuable opportunity to provide mapping & location services:

• Embedding Google maps on your Web sites

• Developing rich services using this• Providing location metadata /

microformats which can be processed by simple browser tools


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Web

2.0 Google Maps Mashups

Google Map ‘mashup’ used for IWMW 2006 event:

• ~ 20 lines of JavaScript.

• Code taken from Googler Maps Web site and coordinates added

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/

More sophisticated mapping applications are being developed, such as Radius 5 at Northumbria Univ.

OpennessMashup

APIs


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Web

2.0 Location Metadata (1)

Embedded location metadata can now by exploited by various 3rd party tools

How? Install Greasemap script & add:<meta name="geo.position" content="54.574077,-1.232314" /> <meta name="geo.placename" content="Teeside University" />

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/

OpennessMashup

Open sourceAPIs

Why doesn't every cultural heritage Web site in the NE provide its location details?


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Web

2.0 Location Metadata (2)

Same location metadata can be used by other applications

OpennessSharing

Open standardsAlways beta

http://geourl.org/near?p=http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/

http://geourl.org/near?p=http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/seminars/mla-ne-2006-10/

Note that the software described is not the important feature – it's the data and the use of open standards that's important.New software and services will come and go (remember 'always beta')

Note that the software described is not the important feature – it's the data and the use of open standards that's important.New software and services will come and go (remember 'always beta')


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CommunicationsRealtime discussion is a key part of the Web 2.0 and the .net generation (IM, SMS messaging, …)

How much effort does it take to provide an instant messaging service for your organisation?

Try Gabbly.com

Note:• Most effective with

‘clean URIs’• Data an be exported

using RSS• User support? What

user support?

Web

2.0

CommunicationsClean URIs

http://www.gabbly.com/http://www.gabbly.com/

http://gabbly.com/www.aukml.org.ukhttp://gabbly.com/www.aukml.org.uk


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Web

2.0 Pulling It Together

How do we pull together the information held by a range of disparate services (Flickr, del.icio.us, etc)?

RSS provides a solution:

• Suprglu: RSS aggregator

• Netvibes: personalised RSS aggregator

Both, of course, provide RSS themselves

http://webfocus.suprglu.com/http://webfocus.suprglu.com/

RSSSyndication

http://www.netvibes.com/http://www.netvibes.com/


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Web 2.0 Backlash

When significant new things appear:• Enthusiasts / early adopters predict a

transformation of society• Sceptics outline the limitations & deficiencies

There’s a need to:• Promote the benefits to the wider community

(esp. those willing to try if convinced of benefits)• Be realistic and recognise limitations• Address inappropriate criticisms

Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.

Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.

Dep

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Takeup Of New TechnologiesThe Gartner curve

Developers

Rising expectations

Trough of despair

Service plateau

Enterprise softwareLarge budgets…

ChasmFailure to go beyond developers & early adopters (cf Gopher)Need for:

• Advocacy• Listening to users• Addressing concerns• Deployment strategies• …

This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm

This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm

Early adopters


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Beware The IT Fundamentalists

We need to avoid simplistic solutions to the complexities:• Open Standards Fundamentalist: we just need XML• Open Source Fundamentalist: we just need Linux• Vendor Fundamentalist: we must need next version of

our enterprise system (and you must fit in with this)• Accessibility Fundamentalist: we must do WAI WCAG• User Fundamentalist: we must do whatever users want• Legal Fundamentalist: it breaches copyright, …• Ownership Fundamentalist: must own everything we

use• Perfectionist: It doesn't do everything, so we'll do nothing• Simplistic Developer: I've developed a perfect solution –

I don't care if it doesn't run in the real world

IT S

ervi

ces

Bar

rier


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The Librarian FundamentalistsLibrarians:

• Think they know better than the user e.g. they don't like people using Google Scholar; they should use Web of Knowledge (who cares that users find it easier to use Google Scholar & finds references they need that way?)

• Think that users should be forced to learn Boolean searching & other formal search techniques because this is good for them (despite Sheffield's study).

• Don't want the users to search for themselves (cf folksonomies) because they won't get it right.

• They still want to classify the entire Web - despite the fact that users don't use their lists of Web links.

• Want services to be perfect before they release them to users. They are uneasy with the concept of 'forever beta' (they don't believe that users have the ability to figure things out themselves and work around the bugs).

Lib

rary

Bar

rier


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Deployment Strategies

Interested in using Web 2.0 in your organisation?Worried about corporate inertia, power struggles, etc?There’s a need for a deployment strategy:

• Addressing business needs• Low-hanging fruits• Encouraging the enthusiasts• Gain experience of the browser tools – and see

what you’re missing!• Staff training & development• Address areas you feel comfortable with• Risk management strategy• …

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Sectoral Cultural Issues

Some thoughts on cultural heritage cultural issues:• Focus on users and user needs• Open (in principle)

But:• Conservative• Closed (in practice?)

RSS:• Let's allow everyone to use our RSS feeds to give user

choice and to encourage innovation• We need to careful manage and control who accesses our

resources – otherwise they may do things we don't approve of (and be in competition with us).

What are your views?

RSS:• Let's allow everyone to use our RSS feeds to give user

choice and to encourage innovation• We need to careful manage and control who accesses our

resources – otherwise they may do things we don't approve of (and be in competition with us).

What are your views?


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Dep

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Business case: you want Web site to be found (you may have a Search Engine Optimisation strategy)

• Are you in Technorati?

• Are you pro-active (or do others talk about you)?

Only 3 hits for ‘AUKML’. So if you have an AUKML Blog or RSS feeds the information will be easily found (especially new information). Compare with Google results – 11,000+ hits, many of them old.

Only 3 hits for ‘AUKML’. So if you have an AUKML Blog or RSS feeds the information will be easily found (especially new information). Compare with Google results – 11,000+ hits, many of them old.


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Dep

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es Use Browser Tools (1)

Make use of various browser tools:

• Search engines

• Google Blog search

• RSS tools• …

All free Firefox extensions


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Dep

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Ch

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Make use of various browser tools:

• …• Del.icio.us tool• Microformat

tools • Geo tools• etc.

All free Firefox extensions


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IWMW 2006 & Risk Management IWMW 2006 has taken a risk management approach to its evaluation of Web 2.0 technologies:

• Agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot.• Use of well-established services: Google &

del.icio.us are well-established and have financial security.

• Notification: warnings that services could be lost. • Engagement: with the user community: users actively

engage in the evaluation of the services. • Provision of alternative services: multiple OMPL

tools. • Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings! • Long term experiences of services: usage stats• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.

standard Web server log files.• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds,

aggregated in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.

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Staff Development

There's a need for your staff to:• Understand what Web 2.0 is

about• Learn how to make use of

Web 2.0

subject to constraints of lack of time; resources; etc.

The Library 2.0 Podcasts Web sites provides a useful resources for learning about new tools, techniques, etc.

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http://podcasts.alablog.org/blog/_archives/2006/4/12/1881517.html

http://podcasts.alablog.org/blog/_archives/2006/4/12/1881517.html


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Opportunities For MLA-NE

Web 2.0 services can be particularly valuable for regional bodies bodies such as MLA-NE:

• Limited resources• Limited technical expertise• Not committed to large-scale CMS• Willingness of members to provide

support• Few name clashes with ‘MLA-NE’

Op

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UK

ML


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Wikipedia

A Wikipedia entry for AUKML:

• Easy to create• Provides high-

profile information (Google-friendly)

• Allows your community to enhance & develop content

Op

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UK

ML

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUKMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AUKMLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sconulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sconul

SCONUL (UK HE Library organisation) created theirWikipedia entry a few days after my talk at UCISA conference. Note, though, initial version was flagged as ‘marketing’.


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Op

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Fo

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UK

ML Using Wikis

Why not use a Wiki for the planning for AUKML 2007?

Can avoid repetition you find in email

Can be restricted to organising committee members

Will provide opportunity to gain experiences

Wiki can then be opened up to delegates

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2005/wiki-test/

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2005/wiki-test/

http://iwmw-barriers.pbwiki.com/http://iwmw-barriers.pbwiki.com/


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Op

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Fo

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UK

ML Podcasts

Podcasts of MLA-NE training sessions:

• Install Audacity (open source) & Podcasting tool

• Record talk• Upload to server • You’ve created a

PodcastAnd maybe create Podcasts about forthcoming conference to attract potential delegates

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2005/podcasts/podcast.xml

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2005/podcasts/podcast.xml


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User FocusWhy should you be doing this? For Your Users:

• Making your users aware of emerging new stuff• Demonstrating how they can be used• Describing possible problems and solutions• To provide richer services

Engaging With Users• Get your users involved in using the applications,

listening to their feedbackRisk If We Don’t

• There is a need to be aware of the risks of not doing this Costs and limitations of conventional server-

based CMS solutions Competition from others

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Final Reflections

The Future• Blogs, Wikis, YouTube, Skype, …• Do you things these popular services will

disappear? (2 out of 3 online users visited social networking site in June 2006 )

• If not you should be gaining experiences n them now

The Network Effect (Metcalfe’s ‘Law’)• Networked services (e.g. phones) grow

exponentially with no. of users• Therefore del.icio.us, Flickr, etc. will get even

better as more users join• So join in with successful services and make them

even better

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Conclusions

To conclude:• Web 2.0 is here and ready for use• It can provide valuable user services• It’s particularly appropriate for use by media

librarians (with your interests in media, communities, etc.)

• There will be poor applications, mistakes, etc.• Planning, flexibility & sharing can help

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Note resources cited in the talk are bookmarked in del.icio.us using tag '‘mla-ne-2006-10"

Note resources cited in the talk are bookmarked in del.icio.us using tag '‘mla-ne-2006-10"

A centre of expertise in digital information management Getting To Grips With Web 2.0 Brian Kelly UKOLN University of Bath Bath Email [email protected].

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