A Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar Peter B. Phillipson George E. Schatz Porter P. Lowry II Missouri Botanical Garden A 5-year collaborative project.

A Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar

Peter B. Phillipson

George E. Schatz

Porter P. Lowry II

Missouri Botanical Garden

A 5-year collaborative project to catalogue the vascular plants of Madagascar

Madagascar: Global Hotspot • Centre of diversity (12,000? species)

• Centre of endemism (80, 90, 90+? species endemism)

• Critical human pressure on ecosystems/biodiversity

From: Myers et al. 2000

Why a Catalogue?• Provide set of “names in current use”• Provide statistics – the “numbers game”

– How many endemics?– Where are they located?– Prioritise areas for conservation.

• Collate dispersed literature, and other information• Stimulate research

– highlight gaps– encourage more detailed studies as necessary (Systematics, Ecology,

etc.)• Framework for present and future efforts to document the flora• Address targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

(GSPC)• Why now?

– many new treatments– many new collections– Urgently needed by end-users in Madagascar

What will the Catalogue cover?

• Vascular Plants

• Madagascar only (not Comoros)

• Native species

• Naturalized species

• Modern Family alignments

What will the Catalogue contain?

• Nomenclature and Types

• Synonymy

• Habit

• Habitat

• Distribution (Bioclimatic, Provincial, Protected Areas)

• Conservation Status and Rarity

What will the Catalogue look like?

• Printed version• Web-based database

– text– maps– images (Types, vouchers)– link to TROPICOS data– phylogeny

• Images on CD?

+ Associated series of published articles

The Printed Version

Asteropeiaceae 1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species. Asteropeia Thouars Syn.: Rhodoclada Baker 8 endemic species. Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999. Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.

longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.; Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill. var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen inval., pro parte.

Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and Dry, Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.

Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA, TOLI

PA: Andohahela, Andringitra, Ankarafantsika

Cons. Stat.: LC Type: BERNIER 281 (HT: P; IT: P) Voucher: C. BIRKINSHAW ET AL. 725

(MO, P, TAN). Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.

longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. = Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.

Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var.

matrambody Capuron = Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron) G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf

Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot =

Asteropeia multiflora Thouars Asteropeia densiflora Baker Syn.: Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker;

Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill. var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen inval., pro parte.

Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and Montane, Forest and Woodland. 1000-2000 m.

Prov.: ANTA, FIAN PA: Andringitra Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab) Type: BARON 40 (HT: K; IT: P) Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3965

(MO, P, TEF).

Asteropeia labatii G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf

Syn.: Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier var. angustifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and Dry, Forest and Woodland. 500-2000 m.

Prov.: FIAN, TOLI PA: Andringitra, Isalo Cons. Stat.: LC

Type: LABAT, DU PUY, &

ANDRIANTIANA 2411 (HT: P; IT: K, MO, TAN, TEF, WAG).

Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3971 (MO, P, TEF).

Asteropeia matrambody (Capuron)

G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf

Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var. matrambody Capuron

Endemic. Tree. Humid, Forest. 0-500 m.

Prov.: ANTS, TOAM PA: Ambatovaky, Betampona,

Masoala Cons. Stat.: VU (B1ab2ab)

Type: SERVICE FORESTIER 8304 (HT: P; IT: K, MO, P, TEF).

Voucher: N.M. ANDRIANJAFY ET

AL. 78 (MO, P, TAN, TEF). Asteropeia mcphersonii G.E.

Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid

and Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500 m.

Prov.: TOAM PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,

Zahamena Cons. Stat.: EN

Type: MCPHERSON 17528 (HT: MO; IT: K, P, TAN, WAG).

Voucher: J. RABENANTOANDRO ET

AL. 136 (MO, P, TAN). Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid,

Forest. 0-500 m. Prov.: FIAN, TOAM, TOLI PA: none Cons. Stat.: VU

Type: SCOTT-ELLIOT 2514 (HT: P; IT: K)

Voucher: J.L. ZARUCCHI ET AL. 7610 (K, MO, P, TAN).

Asteropeia micraster H. Hallier var.

angustifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. = Asteropeia labatii G.E. Schatz, Lowry & A.-E. Wolf

Asteropeia multiflora Thouars Syn.: Asteropeia bakeri Scott Elliot Endemic. Shrub or tree. Humid and

Subhumid, Forest. 0-1000 m. Prov.: ANTS, FIAN, MAHA,

TOAM, TOLI PA: Mananara, Manombo,

Masoala, Zahamena Cons. Stat.: LC

Type: DU PETIT-THOUARS S.N. (HT: P; IT: P).

Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 1960 (MO, TAN, WAG).

Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker)

Baill. Syn.: Rhodoclada rhopaloides

Baker Endemic. Tree. Humid and

Subhumid, Forest. 500-1500 m. Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, TOAM,

TOLI PA: Analamazaotra-Périnet,

Manongarivo, Masoala Cons. Stat.: LC

Type: BARON 3096 (LT, Schatz et al., 1999: K; ILT: K) Voucher: G.E. SCHATZ ET AL. 3513 (MO, P, TAN).

Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill.

var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen inval. = Asteropeia densiflora Baker, pro parte; Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul., pro parte.

Asteropeia sphaerocarpa Baker =

Asteropeia densiflora Baker

Asteropeiaceae: Asteropeia, 1
















(MO, P, TEF).














































FAMILY:

Asteropeiaceae1 endemic genus, 8 endemic species.

GENUS:

Asteropeia ThouarsSyn.: Rhodoclada Baker8 endemic species.Ref.: Schatz et al., 1999.

The Printed Version
















(MO, P, TEF).





























































(MO, P, TEF).














































ACCEPTED SPECIES:

Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.Syn.: Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var. longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval.; Asteropeia rhopaloides (Baker) Baill. var. angustata H. Perrier, nomen inval., pro parte. Endemic. Shrub or tree. Subhumid and Dry, Forest and Woodland. 0-2000 m.Prov.: ANTA, ANTS, FIAN, MAHA, TOLIPA: Andohahela, Andringitra, AnkarafantsikaCons. Stat.: LCType: Bernier 281 (HT: P; IT: P)Voucher: C. Birkinshaw et al. 725 (MO, P, TAN).

SYNONYMS:

Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul. var. longifolia H. Perrier, nomen inval. = Asteropeia amblyocarpa Tul.

The Printed Version
















(MO, P, TEF).





























































(MO, P, TEF).














































PRESENTATION:

File Bound to enable easy replacement of out-of-date pages – available through web-site

The Web Version …….

Click here Browse for

specific datain database

Search forspecific datain database

Select(ASTEROPEIACEAE)

Click here

Accepted name in bold

Synonym not bold

Generate replacement text

for printed version

Click here for more details

Voucher

Type

Full information = printed version

Maps clickable for area-based information

Links to TROPICOS –

specimen based-map etc.

Fianarantsoa Toliara

Subhumid Dry

Andringitra Isalo

Click here

Peter Steven’s Angiosperm Phylogeny Web-site: Ordinal level: Malagasy Clades and Orders in red

Click on Clade or Order for next level detail here

Click on clade to get further expansion (if available)

Click family name to get

Catalogue record

Caryophyllales

Family level: Malagasy clades and orders in red

Click here for data subset (species list) for selected Bioclimatic Region

Click here for data subset (species list) for selected Province

Click here for data subset (species list) for selected Conservation Status category

Click here for data subset (species list) for selected Protected Area

How will we produce the catalogue?

1. Review existing taxonomic treatments – assess Taxon

• Recent Flora or Monograph• Old Flora or Revision – new material available

– substantial revision required– minor amendments required

• No revision available– Revision currently in progress– Worldwide Monograph– African / Mascarene revision(s) available– literature of individual species descriptions.

How will we produce the catalogue?

2. Capture existing “good” treatments

3. Undertake minor revisionary work• Produce synoptic revisions (see examples of

Mimusops and Desmostachys)

• Describe individual new species

• Nomenclature, (Nomenclatural Notes)

4. “Find” contributors currently working on groups

5. Mentor students

Flore de Madagascar – a basisWhat has been done?

• 178 families out of 222 (80%) treated in full• Some treatments over 50 years old

• of the remaining 44 non-treated families, some modern treatments are available, notably Fabaceae

• other non-treated families, some flora treatment /revisions are in advanced stages of preparation/publication, including parts of some large families e.g.

–Apiaceae – Euphorbiaceae (in part)–Araliaceae – Rubiaceae (in part)–Asclepiadaceae

• Some older flora volumes replaced by new revisions, e.g. –most endemic families–Arecaceae–Iridaceae

Flore de MadagascarWhat remains largely “untouched”?

• small families, e.g.–Rosaceae–Geraniaceae

• large/medium-sized families, e.g.–Ericaceae–Poaceae

• parts of some large families, notably–Euphorbiaceae–Rubiaceae–Acanthaceae

What have we done so far?1. Review of: LAMIACEAE (Fl Mad 1998)

CONVOLVULACEAE (Fl Mad 2002) minor changes

2. Synoptic Revisions completed•Endemic families, e.g. SARCOLAENACEAE•Other out-dated flora treatments, e.g. Buxus

3. Synoptic Revisions in progress•Endemic families, e.g. DIDYMELACEAE•Other out-dated flora treatments, e.g. Brexia, Desmostachys, Mimusops,

Tacca, Xerophyta,

4. Revision / Flora treatment of small families in progress•GERANIACEAE •ROSACEAE

Progress since Flore de Madagascar

Genus FamilyFlore Mad.

New spp. in recent

revis. Total % inc.

Addit. sp. after

revis.Asteropeia Asteropeiac. 5 2 8 60%Buxus Buxac 1 7 9 800% 1Dialyceras Sphaerosepalac. 1 0 3 200%Eremolaena Sarcolaenac. 2 0 2 0%Leptolaena (s.s.) Sarcolaenac. 3 5 7 133%Melanophylla Torricelliac. 9 1 6 -33%Pentachlaena Sarcolaenac. 1 1 3 200%Perrierodendron Sarcolaenac. 1 4 5 400%Prock iopsis Sapindac. 1 2 3 200%Rhodolaena Sarcolaenac. 4 3 7 75%Rhopalocarpus Sphaerosepalac. 13 0 15 15%Sarcolaena Sarcolaenac. 7 1 8 14% 1Schizolaena Sarcolaenac. 8 8 18 125% 1Tacca Dioscoreac. 2 4 7 250%Xylolaena Sarcolaenac. 3 2 5 67%

Totals 61 40 106 74%

Genus FamilyFlore Mad.

New spp. in recent

revis. Total % inc.

Addit. sp. after

revis.Asteropeia Asteropeiac. 5 2 8 60%Buxus Buxac 1 7 9 800% 1Dialyceras Sphaerosepalac. 1 0 3 200%Eremolaena Sarcolaenac. 2 0 2 0%Leptolaena (s.s.) Sarcolaenac. 3 5 7 133%Melanophylla Torricelliac. 9 1 6 -33%Pentachlaena Sarcolaenac. 1 1 3 200%Perrierodendron Sarcolaenac. 1 4 5 400%Prock iopsis Sapindac. 1 2 3 200%Rhodolaena Sarcolaenac. 4 3 7 75%Rhopalocarpus Sphaerosepalac. 13 0 15 15%Sarcolaena Sarcolaenac. 7 1 8 14% 1Schizolaena Sarcolaenac. 8 8 18 125% 1Tacca Dioscoreac. 2 4 7 250%Xylolaena Sarcolaenac. 3 2 5 67%

Totals 61 40 106 74%

Net decrease

Is this figure representative?

Reflections

• 12,000 spp. may still be an underestimate for the total vascular plant flora of Madagascar

• In 1959 the number of species recorded from Madagascar was estimated at 7,900 (Humbert)

• By 1992 the increase was estimated at 1445 (18%), giving a total of 9345 (Phillipson)

• The rate of adding species seems to have increased, are we now adding 74% to 1959 levels across the board?

• If so, available figures suggests a total flora of 13,700 species!• Species endemism still looks to be over 90% in many taxa • Hopefully we will have a more reliable estimate in 5 years time!• The first edition of the Catalogue will be a starting point• Later editions may include other data: what?

The End

Thilachium pouponii

A Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar Peter B. Phillipson George E. Schatz Porter P. Lowry II Missouri Botanical Garden A 5-year collaborative project.

Documents

database slide

asteropeiaceae slide

rarity slide

web site slide

printed version family

web version

endemic species

printed version presentation