A CASA DO CONCURSEIRO Nº.APROVAÇÃO 1 EM · 1 Nunca pare na primeira palavra incomum que encontrar no texto. Leia até o final do parágrafo. Outras palavras e o contexto o ajudarão

A CASA DO CONCURSEIRO

1 EM APROVAÇÃO Nº.

Eduardo de Boer Folks proudly presents...

PRÉ-PROVA BB

TEXT COMPREHENSION TIPS

1 Nunca pare na primeira palavra incomum que encontrar no texto. Leia até o final do parágrafo. Outras palavras e o contexto o ajudarão a perceber o sentido da palavra estranha.

2 Tenha em mente as palavras que estarão no texto. Elas contribuirão decisivamente para o entendimento das sentenças e para a resolução das questões.

2 Que palavras são essas? São três grupos de palavras: A) Conectores B) Verbos Modais C) Verbos específicos da temática que será abordada no texto.

2A (CONNECTORS)

Os conectores ligam uma sentença a outra ou uma palavra a outra, indicando relações de adição, contraste, resultado, sequência, dúvida ou condição. É de fundamental importância conhecer os mais frequentes.

2A (AND)

BESIDES / FURTHERMORE MOREOVER / IN ADDITION TO

WHAT´S MORE “Além disso”; “Além do mais”

These findings seem plausible. Furthermore, several studies have confirmed them.

2A (BUT)

DESPITE = IN SPITE OF REGARDLESS OF

NOTWITHSTANDING (Apesar) Notwithstanding their youth and inexperience, the team won

the championship.

2A (BUT)

(EVEN)THOUGH = ALTHOUGH = WHILE - ALBEIT (Embora)

Although we rarely see each other, we're still very good friends. = We're still very good friends although we rarely see each other. While he was hungry, he could not eat. She appeared on the show, albeit briefly.

2A (BUT)

HOWEVER / YET / BUT / EVEN SO / NEVERTHELESS / NONETHELESS

“Contudo”; “Entretanto”; “Ainda assim” He had lost a lot of money in the poker game. Nevertheless, he decided to continue playing. THOUGH = NEVERTHELESS= HOWEVER The hike was difficult, but fun nonetheless. [=the hike was fun even though it was difficult]

2A (BUT)

• WHEREAS / ALTHOUGH

Whereas many people have supported the proposal, others have opposed it very strongly.

• WHEREAS / ON THE OTHER HAND Your house is a big one whereas my house is a small one.

2A (SO)

SO = THUS = THEREFORE = HENCE = CONSEQUENTLY (Assim; Portanto; Desta forma)

He was a newcomer and hence had no close friends here.

2A (TIME)

AFTERWARD(S) = LATER (ON) (mais tarde; posteriormente; depois) You'll feel better afterward. MEANWHILE = IN THE MEANTIME (Enquanto isso) She spent four years studying for her law degree. Meanwhile, she

continued to work at the bank. HITHERTO = SO FAR = UNTIL NOW (até agora) The biography reveals some hitherto unknown facts about his

early life.

2A (TIME)

HENCEFORTH = FROM NOW ON = HEREAFTER (De agora em diante, daqui para a frente) Hereafter the two companies will operate in full partnership. IMMEDIATELY – RIGHT AWAY – AT ONCE You can call the office and get advice at once.

2A (IF)

IF=AS LONG AS = PROVIDED (THAT) (se, contanto que)

English will become your best friend, provided you get the right guidance.

UNLESS (a menos que) English won’t become your best friend, unless you get the

right guidance.

2A (BECAUSE)

BECAUSE = FOR = AS = SINCE (porque, por causa de, já que)

Since you've finished all your chores, you may go out and play.

DUE TO = BECAUSE OF (devido a) The accident was primarily due to her carelessness.

Modal Auxiliary Verbs Verbo no Infinitivo WILL

SHALL WOULD

CAN COULD

MAY MIGHT MUST

SHOULD = OUGHT TO

Eduardo e Freddy 2B (MODAL VERBS)

WILL / SHALL Ask anyone and they will tell you the same thing. He won because he had to win; because for him, the WILL to win is as strong as the WILL to live. (WILLPOWER / GOODWILL) We found out that our grandparents had left us all a lot of money in their WILLS (TESTAMENTS). Children SHALL not (shan’t) enter this room. No employee SHALL smoke in this area. It SHALL be unlawful to carry firearms. (legal documents, rules, regulations) SHALL we start now? / SHALL I turn the TV off? (suggestion, invitation)

WOULD

• CONDITIONAL – We WOULD purchase a new car IF we had money. • WOULD = USED TO – When my friend still lived here, we WOULD eat

lunch together every day. • WOULD RATHER (PREFER) – I WOULD RATHER stay here for a while.

• WOULD (OFFER) – WOULD you LIKE some more water?

CAN ( IS / ARE ABLE TO )

CAPACIDADE / HABILIDADE

I don't need any help. I can do it myself.

OBS. Permissão (be permitted to) Some other places can stay open for longer because they have an entertainment licence. CAN = TIN (soda CAN; a CAN of peas) CAN/CANNED/CANNED (CANNED meat; CANNING company)

COULD

CAPACIDADE / HABILIDADE NO PASSADO ( WAS / WERE ABLE TO )

I could run fast when I was young, but I can't run fast now.

POSSIBILIDADE His recovery could take months.

PEDIDO POLIDO Could I leave a little early today?

MAY

PERMISSÃO - is / are allowed to You may go now. [=you have permission to leave now]

POSSIBILIDADE CONCRETA There may be some difficulties ahead.

MIGHT PERMISSÃO NO PASSADO

( WAS / WERE ALLOWED TO ) He asked if he might leave. = He asked, “May I leave?”

FRACA POSSIBILIDADE

The test might include some questions about geography.

MIGHT = FORCE = POWER The legal might of the government.

MUST

OBRIGAÇÃO / FORTE NECESSIDADE ( HAVE / HAS TO )

We must [have to] correct these problems soon or the project will fail.

Must (be) – dedução / suposição The lights are on. They MUST be at home.

Must not – proibição

Children MUST NOT watch that movie.

SHOULD = OUGHT TO HAD BETTER

RECOMENDAÇÃO / SUGESTÃO / CONSELHO

We should leave a few minutes early to make sure we get there on time. That leak ought to be fixed.

2C (SOME IMPORTANT VERBS THAT YOU MUST KNOW) As produções textuais em inglês sempre trazem verbos que denotam movimento de crescimento, ascensão, ou o contrário, ou seja, de diminuição, queda.

• (aumentar, elevar, ampliar, melhorar, prosperar, realizar)

• Estes verbos revelam um movimento ou evento de ascensão, crescimento, aumento.

• São muito frequentes nos textos em inglês.

• Accrue - grow - increase - arise - ascend – improve Further savings accrue from debt refinancing. • raise – rise – broaden His role will be to raise awareness and increase the political will to tackle the disease. Sales have risen [=increased] in recent months. • Thrive – prosper – flourish Business is thriving. [=booming] • Achieve - accomplish – fulfil She fulfilled her life's ambition when she started her own business.

• (diminuir, reduzir, cair, despencar, encolher)

• Já estes verbos, indicam um movimento ou evento de redução, queda, diminuição.

• São igualmente assíduos nas produções textuais em inglês.

• Decrease - reduce - diminish – dwindle The town's population is dwindling. • Fall- plunge -slump- droop - dive Real estate prices slumped during the recession.

• Lessen - shrink – plummet The workforce shrank to a thousand. Stock prices plummeted 40 percent during the scandal.

It was a real honor having walked with you part of your personal road to success.