A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF TRAUMA INFORMED CARE And how it may look through Family Support Services at MFS
Aug 14, 2015
Main messages…..
Most (if not all) of our clients have been exposed to trauma. Trauma-informed care is a way of integrating an awareness
of the impact of trauma with existing practice. Trauma-informed care is NOT therapy, theory or
intervention. It is a way to understanding those we serve. Trauma-informed care is not about doing extra work. It is
about looking through the lenses of trauma while doing the things we already know in our work, but adding this perspective. Much like empowerment lens/perspective.
This perspective can be added to every interaction and intervention in those seeking care.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACES)
ACES contribute to Disease and medical cost Depression and suicide Alcoholism and drug use Job performance problems and disability Multi-generational problems Genetically transmitted over time (not
conclusive data)
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH?
Persistent Fear StatePsychology and Physiology of Trauma
Traumatic Event
Prolonged alarm
reaction
Altered neural systems
Psychological Universal Precautions
GLOVE UP!!
Presume that every person in your system of care has been exposed
to abuse, violence, neglect or other traumatic experiences.
Nicole……
Identify any immediate needs that Nicole may have.
Identify the crucial childhood issues for Nicole
Identify your main concerns related to being able to help Nicole and provide her with emotional support.
HOW does this look in your role at MFS?
Resiliency Factors
Intelligence Temperament Quality of Relationships Determination Optimism Sense of meaning and purpose in life Caring for self/awareness of needs Accepting help from others Ability to access positive social support following the
traumatic events
Resiliency is not a FIXED trait.
How Trauma Hurts
Feelings (Self Capacities) Inner connection to positive others Sense of self as deserving life, love, and
kindness Ability to manage emotions*Judgment*Beliefs*Frame of Reference*Memory and Perception*Body and Brain
Feelings (Self Capacities)
Inner connection to positive others
Sense of self as deserving life, love and kindness
Ability to manage emotions
What was it you were trying to
achieve?
How do you help strengthen attachments?
Basis of your intervention
If trauma is not external there are one or more unmanageable emotions
Typical Trauma Responses
Depression Withdrawal Sleep disturbance Clinging Acting like nothing happened Emotional reactivity Irritability, angry outbursts Heightened anxiety
Serious Responses
Self-harming behavior Substance Abuse Eating disorders Dangerous sexual practicesIdentity DisturbanceEnduring or escalating aggressionMutismAmnesia related to own behavior
Dilemmas
Not seen as credible Treated by society as invisible
The effects of trauma, by their very nature, can make relationships very
difficult for the survivor and supporters alike.
What we can do now?
Routinely seek history of adverse childhood experiences (ACES) from all clients. Witnessing a traumatic event can be as
damaging as experiencing them. Acknowledge their reality by asking “How has
this affected you later in life”? Develop systems to help with current
problems Develop systems for early prevention.
THINK: What happened to this person? Instead of What is wrong with this person?
Features of Trauma Informed Care Organizations
Valuing the individual in all aspects of care Neutral, objective and supportive language Individually flexible plans and approaches Avoid shaming or humiliation at all times Awareness/training on re-traumatizing
practices Institutions that are open to outside parties:
advocacy and clinical consultants Training and supervision in assessment and
treatment of people with trauma histories
Continued…
Focusing on “what happened to you vs what is wrong with you”
Asking questions about current abuse Addressing the current risk and developing
a safety planOne person sensitively asking questions
Why it’s important to view problematic behaviors as adaptations? Strength-based, not deficit-based Assist the helper to not take a survivor's
negative behaviors personally Reduces shame and blame-survivors
come in expecting to be blamed Helper is allied with client to solve a
problem together Assumes, at any moment, survivor doing
the best s/he can
A RICH relationship
These four components define a relationship that is growth-promoting, not matter its duration:
*Respect-make no assumptions
*Information-give and take
*Connection- Be real
*Hope- Cultivate yours
It is NOT the technique it’s the attention paid by the helper that is the best predictor of outcome.
Why is a RICH relationship important?
Creates connectedness and attachment Decreases shame and isolation Promotes change and healing Contradicts basic assumptions about self
and the world Separates past experiences from present
experiences
How does this align?
To move people beyond the limitations of poverty, inequity and social isolation
Revisit Nicole…..
While taking note of the self-capacities discussed earlier apply these to Nicole….
What did you learn about your concerns and goals for Nicole?
Stress Response
Stress Reactions Fight Flight Freeze Gather and ProtectFunctions? To return to a balanced stateTwo means to that end:
Dissociation-splitting off…to disassociate from threatHyper arousal-Super aware…at attempt to make the unpredictable predictable
Trauma Toolboxes
Grounding Orienting and comforting the child
Toys, blankets, music, snacks-creature comforts
Expressive Activities Drawing, writing, story telling, music, play
Imagery Gauges, regulators, and containers Soothing images, beach, fantasy voyages
Toolboxes contd
Narrative activitiesWhat happened? What are you thinking? Feeling?
Reassuring an anticipatingcalming anxieties and fears
SleepPreparing them for sleepSettling and soothing
Kids benefit from having a physical connection with a feeling or event which is why puppets, art and other hands on activities are therapeutic.
**Breathing in a painful color and blowing it out**
BASKI—How grounding connects
B
A
S
K
I
ehavior
ffectensationnowledge
magination…takes over. What leads you to panic?
The Slippery Slope
EVENT
THOUGHT
FEELING
IMPULSE
BEHAVIOR
DISSOCIATIONSUICIDALITYSELF HARMSUBSTANCE ABUSEEATING DISORDER
Identify Support
What are your resources Internal
Self-respect Determination Faith
External Friends, family, therapist, clergy Meetings Nature
Make a Plan
Acknowledge and list triggers or risk factors
Identify points of intervention Identify interventions that work Practice, practice, practice
Transference & Projection
Transference Transferring feelings from a pat relationship
to a present one
Projectionprojecting one’s own feelings onto
someone elseWith survivors, what gets transferred and projected onto the helper is likely to be
negative. This is normal given survivors’ past experiences and current beliefs
What is countertransference The feelings, thoughts, and physical
responses a helper has to a victim/survivor
The helper’s defenses and responses to the uncomfortable feelings brought up by the victim/survivor
Countertransference is a normal part of our work
How is this person received in the world? That’s all we need to know.
Benefits
When you experience the victim’s feelings instead of the victim feeling them
Gives you important information about the survivor
When your feelings seem to be like those the victim felt or important people in the victim’s life experienced in the past
Increases your empathy and understanding
Problematic
Interferes with the helper’s understanding of the victim/survivor, or
Prevents the helper from responding in an appropriate therapeutic way to the victim/survivor’s needs
Empathy and the shadow voice
Giving empathy to your own transference allows you to give empathy toward a client
who you may be having *countertransference with
*strong feelings about*difficulty connecting with
Projective Identification
Client unconsciously disowns intolerable emotions
Those emotions are felt by the clinician and mistaken for his/her own feelings.
If unrecognized, leaves helpers feeling very confused.
Common Projective Identifications
WHEN YOU EXHIBIT EMOTIONS AROUND WHAT A CLIENT SHARED BUT A CLIENT SHOWS NO EMOTION
Helpless ResignedDe-skilled EnragedAngry FrustratedPunitiveManipulatedTrickedHopeless
Vicarious Traumatization and Countertransference
Counter transference: Reactions you have to a particular
individual based on who you are and who the individual is.
Vicarious Traumatization The effect on you—over time and across
clients—of clinical work with traumatized individuals
Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress—College Buddies
I am unhappy I feel disconnected from others I feel trapped by my job My beliefs don’t sustain me I am not the person I always
wanted to be I feel worn out because of my
work as a helper I feel overwhelmed because my
case load seems endless I feel ‘bogged down’ by the
system I am less caring than I used to be
I am preoccupied with more than one person I help I jump or am startled by unexpected sounds I find it difficult to separate my personal life from
my life as a helper I am not as productive at work because I am losing
sleep over traumatic experiences of a person I help I think that I might have been affected by the
traumatic stress of those I help I feel depressed because of the traumatic
experiences of the people I help Because of my helping, I have felt ‘on edge’ about
various things I feel as though I am experiencing the trauma of
someone I have helped. I avoid certain activities or situations because they remind me of frightening experiences of the people I help
As a result of my helping, I have intrusive, frightening thoughts.’
I can’t recall important parts of my work within patients.
BurnoutSecondary Traumatic Stress
Sources of stress
Hurried providers Misunderstandings about the work Upset
clients/families/colleagues/community partners
Exhausting schedules Heartbreaking stories
Impact of Stress
Poor concentrationMemory ProblemsIrritabilitySleeplessnessHeadachesIncreased blood pressureDecreases immunityHeart disease
Resiliency Planning
Individual, personally Assessing compassion fatigue and compassion
satisfaction can help you plan where to put your energy to increase your resilience
Organizational planning Can help organizations find ways to maximize the
positive aspects and reduce the negative aspects of helping
Supportive supervision Self assessment can be used as information for
discussions. Peer groups can be insightful
Managing Stress
Self care The basics
Food, rest, relaxation, beauty, connection, laughter Self Nurture
Being good to yourself Massage, enjoyment, leisure, good smells, good food, good
texture, relaxing yourself through your senses, having fun. Escape
Building time for yourself Time enough to eat (lunch!), take restroom breaks, to be
alone, to be in a soothing location, to take vacations(not to be confused with family visits!)
traumaticstressconsulting.comTrauma & Recovery by Judy HermanBruce Perry, childtrauma.orgACES onlineGoogle scholar
Resources