A Brief History of ELT Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012.

A Brief History of ELT

Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012

http://naukabezgranic.pl/

LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 1: ?

- Меnd.- Mend. - Chini nern kemb? - Mini nern Kermen. Chini nern kemb? - Mini nern Anton.- Tanla tanldkhdan bairldzhanav!- Tanla tanldkhdan bairldzhanav!


REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA


POLAND


YOU1. Find someone who was born in the

same month as you.2. Find someone who likes the same food.3. Find someone who likes your favourite

movie.4. Find someone who likes your favourite

book.5. Find someone who has similar hobbies

as yourself.


YOU AS A TEACHER1. What does your classroom look like?2. What’s the most important thing about

your lessons?3. What’s necessary for students to be

successful?4. What are your favourite activities?5. How do you feel about using technology in

the classroom?6. How do you and your students feel in class,

before and after?


YOUR TEACHING ASSOCIATIONS?

,


YOUR ELT GURUS


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 2: LATIN

Errare humanum est.Veritas vos liberabit.Vox populi vox dei.Amor vincit omnia.Facta non verba.In vino veritas.Memento mori.Tempus fugit.

Nil desperandum.Docendo discimus.


METHODS, APPROACHES, PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES

?


METHODS, APPROACHES, PROCEDURES, TECHNIQUES

•Approach – theories about the nature of language and language learning; it describes how people learn languages and conditions for successful learning•Method – practical realization of the approach; a set of procedures and techniques•Technique – e.g. running dictation or silent viewing•Procedure – an ordered sequence of technique


What is a BLT sandwich?


What is a BLT sandwich?


ELT BLTs

PPP, TTT, ARC, DOGME, TPR, CLL, TBL, ESA, CLIL, 121, LAD


ELT METHODS TIMELINE1800190019301945195019701980199020002010


ELT METHODS TIMELINE

1800 Grammar Translation1900 Direct Method

1930 The Oral Approach/Situational Language Learning

1945 The Audio-Lingual Method1950 Silent Way


ELT METHODS TIMELINE1970 Suggestopedia

1970 Total Physical Response1970 Neuro Linguistic Programming

1977 The Natural Approach1980 Communicative Approach

1983 Multiple Intelligences1987 Task Based Learning

1990 Lexical Approach2002 Dogme


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOF0UIk1YBM


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 3: GERMAN

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOF0UIk1YBM

Ein Mann geht ins Lokal,sucht die Dame seiner Wahl.

Und mit Worten oed und schalbringt dieselbe er zu Fall.

Und das geht so:Dideldum didieldei,

ist da noch ein Platzerl frei?So allein, schoene Frau?Mei san ihre Augen blau!

Tirili, irgendwie,tirilo,kenn' ich Sie von irgendwo.

Schalali, schalala,Herr Ober, bringen's uns no zwa!!

Pommery, Pommeru,stoss' ma an und sog'n ma Du!

Und weil wir so einsam san,trink' ma aus und geh'n ma ham.



DIRECT METHOD• the Natural Method (Saveur) leading to the Direct

Method (Berlitz) 1900s• revolutionary, encouraging direct and spontaneous

use of language• classroom instructions only in target language• only every day vocabulary and sentences taught• oral progression through systematic question-answer

exchanges between teacher and students• use of demonstration, objects, pictures



THE ORAL APPROACH / SITUATIONAL LANGUAGE LEARNING

• movement lead by Palmer and Hornby in 1930s

• vocabulary control (frequency studies)• focus on grammar content selection (spoken

language grammar)• principles of selection, gradation, presentation• new language practised situationally


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 4: FRENCH








http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho





AUDIO- LINGUALISM

•1945•stems from behaviourist models of learning•stimulus – response – reinforcement•drills used to form habits•language de-contextualised


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85P7dmPHtso





THE SILENT WAY

•by Caleb Gategno, 1950s•teacher says as little as possible•learner discovers and creates language•learner in the driving seat, teacher facilitates•Cuisenaire rods, pointing at objects



NOAM CHOMSKY ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION CARTOON

1950-1970s


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVfrrGOnFJk&feature=related

What are the main points?




NOAM CHOMSKY THEORY OF ACQUISITION

• 1950s – 1970s• principle of innateness• children have natural pre-condition for language

learning• babies are born with the innate knowledge of

language structure• LAD is a mental model of how languages work


STEPHEN KRAHSEN ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 1970-80s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiTsduRreug




LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 6: ENGLISHan outrageous statement

the age of individual variationdigest food

to point out counter examplescomprehensible input

come as a bit of surpriseemerge gradually

break into component partssilent period

teacher’s faultaffective filter hypothesis


THE NATURAL APPROACH

• By Steven Krashen, 1970s• all students learn in the same way• comprehensible input in a low anxiety

environment• speaking does not help learning• the quiet listening stage• motivation / self-esteem / zero anxiety


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 7: ITALIANO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DlOO-EkdTCM

CANTARE CHITARRA PIANO ITALIANOBUON GIORNO AL DENTE PRESIDENTE

FINESTRA ARTISTI AMORE MARIA MALINCONIACAFE RISTRETTO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frr65AEiFs8




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frr65AEiFs8

OVER TO YOU

NLPMI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeyQ9Rk9Zvk


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeyQ9Rk9Zvk


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRJG7fLpm1c&feature=related




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX4JFEUgqlg Lonny Gold 1/5 Lonny loves teaching and baroque music

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX4JFEUgqlg%20Lonny%20Gold%201/5




SUGGESTOPAEDIA• by Georgi Lozanov, 1970s• physical surroundings and atmosphere in the

classroom• ‘infantilisation’, parent-teacher relationship• part 1: oral review, previously learnt material

used for discussion• part 2: presentation and discussion of new

dialogue material• part 3: ‘concert’ – baroque music and listening

to teacher reading the dialogue• music frequently used in class


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 8 MAYBE


TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE• by James Asher• foreign language learning similar to first language

acquisition• actions, physical response• language processing matched with physical

response• pre-speaking stage important• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=bkMQXFOqyQA [Gerngross]




Nim Chimpsky

The story of Nim, the chimpanzee who in the 1970s became the focus of a landmark experiment which aimed to show that an ape could learn to communicate with language if raised and nurtured like a human child.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=-qXJMFxiEyU


LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TIME 9: ENGLISH



COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING

• by Charles Curran, a Jesuit priest and professor in psychology in Chicago

• students sit in a circle• students decide what they want to talk about• a counsellor standing on the outside provides

correct language• students utterances recorded to be analyzed

later• class is ‘community’


HUMANISTIC TEACHING• influenced by CLL and Suggestopaedia• Caring and Sharing in the Foreign Language

Classroom, Gertrude Moscowitz• making students feel good and remember

happy times while at the same time practising the language

• working with real lives and feelings• using the students themselves as the topic[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6s3XAtfG0Q]


THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH

• a desire to communicate• a communicative purpose• content not form• variety of language• no teacher intervention• no materials control


PRESENTATION, PRACTICE, PRODUCTION

•A variation on audio-lingualism•a situation gives context•P: presentation makes use of a picture•P: cue-response drill practice•P: production: immediate creativity


TBL - TASK BASED LEARNING

• popularized by N Prabhu, working with schools in India 1985

• focus on non-linguistic problem• deep end strategy• stages: pre-task / task cycle / language focus• teacher no longer in controlhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QirhNeIwQ0w


WWW



THE INTERNET

The commercialization of what was by the 1990s an international network resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2011, more than 2.2 billion people – nearly a third of Earth's population — use the services of the Internet.[1]


MOVIES INSPIRED ELT METHODOLOGY?

Dogme'95 is the movement of filmmaking within avant-garde. The movement started in 1995 by Lars Von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg, Danish directors and creators of the Vow of Chastity, a signed transcript for all Dogme'95 Filmmakers to certify that their work follows the Dogme'95 manifesto and rules. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pZXZbLCEJ0


OVER TO YOU

CLILDOGME


DOGME, SCOTT THORNBURY

• popularized by Scott Thornbury (2002)• interactivity and engagement• dialogic processes and scaffolded

conversations• emergence, affordance• voice, empowerement• critical use, relevance


CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING

• foreign language used as the medium to introduce curriculum subjects

• e.g. Vichy France, Nazi Germany, the Spanish Civil War

• builds intercultural knowledge and understanding

• develops intercultural communication skills• increases learners' motivation and confidence in

both the language and the subject being taughtMagdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012

THE SECRET HISTORY OF METHODSSCOTT THORNBURY AT NEW SCHOOL,

NEW YORK

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2q9B2BEV2U



HOW DO TEENAGERS LEARN TODAY?

sourrounded by info, news, films in Englishmodern tools

curiostyindependence

in need of entertainmentin need of respect

teacher as a facebook friendhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BxckAMaTDc




KHAN ACADEMY

http://www.khanacademy.org/talks-and-interviews/v/khan-academy--the-future-of-education

1.What’s different about it?2.What’s the role of the teacher?3.What are the implications for ELT?



WHY ARE WE DOING IT?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiJmiyI6rDM&feature=youtu.be



A Brief History of ELT Magdalena Fijalkowska, Warsaw Summer School 2012.

Documents

warsaw summer school

german slide

dogme magdalena fijalkowska

poland magdalena fijalkowska

french magdalena fijalkowska

lad magdalena fijalkowska

pictures magdalena fijalkowska

ho magdalena fijalkowska