A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS Electrification Planning and Technology Options: the Case of Latin America Xiaoping Wang @ Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar May 31, 2013 1
Dec 18, 2015
1A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Electrification Planning and Technology Options: the Case of Latin America
Xiaoping Wang
@ Nay Pyi Taw, MyanmarMay 31, 2013
2A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Evolution of LAC Electricity Access: 1970-2010
Source: IDB/OLADE
4A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
20
40
60
80
100
E. Asia, 238
Europe, 34 LAC, 143
N. Africa, 21
S. Asia, 318 S.S Africa, 250
W. Asia, 54
S.E Asia, 64
Proportion of World Slum Population (%)
Prop
ortio
n of
Pop
ulati
on re
sidi
ng in
Urb
an A
reas
Note: Size of bubble denotes number of slum dwellers (Million, 2010) Source: UN Habitat Data Base
Urbanization and Slum Dwellers Pose Lose-lose Challenges for Both Users and Service Providers
5A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Access to Electricity is a High Political Priority in LAC
• Vision—Social Electrification
• Intermediate Goals
• Dedicated Institutions
• Mechanisms for Keeping Strategies Updated
6A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Countries with various rates of electrification have developed planning and implementation capacity
Typology Country Program
Low Access
Nicaragua National Electrification and Renewable Energy Program (PNESER)National Fund for the Development of the Electricity Industry (FODIEN)National electrification target: 84% (2017)
Honduras National Electrification Plan (PLANARES) – to be updatedSocial Electrification Fund (FOSODE)National electrification target: 80% (2015)
Bolivia “Electricity for a Decent Living” ProgramRural electrification target: 70% (2015); Universal (2025)Urban electrification target: Universal (2015)
Medium Access
Peru National Rural Electrification Plan (PNER)Cooperation Fund for Social Development (FONCODES)Rural electrification target: 95.8% (2022)
High Access
Brazil “Electricity for All” ProgramNational electrification target: Universal (2015)
7A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Off-grid applications are integrated into national electrification plans because of…
• Social Equity
• Balanced Regional Development
• Pre-electrification – bicycle vs. Mercedes
9A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Different Technology Options are Taken into Account in Least Cost Electrification Planning
10A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
A Wide Range of Technologies are Employed in the World Bank Rural Electrification Projects in LAC
Country Grid Extension Densification SHSs Micro-
hydro Others
Nicaragua PERZA
Honduras PIR + AF PIR + AF
Bolivia IDTR I + II
Perú FONER I + II
México Integrated Energy
Services
Argentina PERMER I + II
Chile Territorial Development
Haiti REIA REIA
11A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
There is Need to Enabling Better Energy Access in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas
• Link with city development strategies
• Multi stakeholder collaboration• Strong political will• A regulatory framework
supporting access for the urban poor
• Change in mindset of slum dwellers
12A BRIDGE TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS
Summary: Lessons Learned
• Political commitment to provision of energy services and social equity is essential
• Developing planning and implementation capacity is a key enabler
• National electrification plan is a guiding document and should be kept updated
• Off-grid technologies are cost-effective for certain segments of users, and complements grid extension
• Provision of reliable, sustainable energy services in peri-urban and urban areas remain great challenges and requires multi-stakeholder, multi-sector approaches.
Thank YouThe World Bank | 1818 H Street, NW | Washington DC, USA
www.worldbank.org|www.esmap.org
XIAOPING WANG, [email protected]