A- Authoritarian v. Democratic v. Laissez Faire Leadership B- Back Stage v. Front Stage C-Conflict Theory D-Deviance E-Ethnocentrism F-Functionalism G-Gemeinchaft.

A- Authoritarian v. Democratic v. Laissez Faire Leadership B- Back Stage v. Front StageC-Conflict TheoryD-DevianceE-EthnocentrismF-FunctionalismG-Gemeinchaft v. GessellschaftH-Hirschi Study 2001I-Id, Ego, SuperegoJ-De jure v. De facto Discrimination K-Kholberg’s Theory of Moral DevelopmentL-Labeling TheoryM-Mechanical v. Organic Solidarity

N-Norms, Folkways, Mores, Laws, SanctionsO-Out group v. In groupP- Piaget’s Theory of SocializationQ-QuestionairesR-Role Conflict v. Role StrainS- Status InconsistencyT-Thomas TheoremU-Civil Union v. MarriageV-ValuesW-White Collar CrimeX-XenophobiaY-Symbolic InteractionismZ-Zimbardo Prison Experiment

By Megan Ramirez

A IS FOR: Authoritarian v. Democratic v. Laissez Faire Styles of Leadership

Authoritarian• they lead by giving orders

Democratic• they leads by trying to reach a

compromise

Laissez Faire• they lead by being easy going and giving

people a lot of freedom (not that effective)

B IS FOR: Back Stage v. Front Stage

Back Stage• Where you let your hair

down• Ex. homeFront Stage• Where we play our

assigned roles• Ex. when at work, school

C IS FOR: Conflict Theory

Conflict Theory• Key to human history is class conflict• Bourgeoisie (wealthy) v. proletariat (workers)• All about power and competition• Karl Marx!• “social living is a contest”

D IS FOR: Deviance

Deviance• the violation of norms, rules, or expectations• The reactions to the act is what makes it deviant• Ex. Criminals

E IS FOR: Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism• Use your culture to judge another (“Eating a monkey is gross”)• Thinking your group is better that another for no good reason!!!• Leads to negative feelings about “their” behavior• Gives us the right to take over other countries/ have slaves

F IS FOR: Functionalism

Functionalism• Life is like a body• Contributions made by each part of society• Change in one part of society leads to changes in

all parts of society• 4 Types• Function- positive; keeps group together• Dysfunction-negative; hurts group• Manifest- main or intended purpose• Latent- unintended outcome

G IS FOR: Gemeinchaft v. Gessellschaft

Gemeinchaft• Intimate community• personal relationships with family

and friendsGessellschaft• Impersonal association• Most time spent with strangers

H IS FOR: Hirschi Study 2001

Hirschi Study 2001• Deviance depends on the bonds between society and the

individual• Social bonds formed with attachment, commitment

involvement, and belief

I IS FOR: Id, Ego, Superego

Freud and Personality Id• Inborn basic drives

to avoid pain, seek pleasure etc.

Ego• Balancing force

between the id and superego

Superego• Our conscience

J IS FOR: De Jure v. De facto Discrimination

De Jure• Discrimination “by law”• Ex. Plessy v. Ferguson• segregation in schools and other public places• ”separate but equal”

De facto• Discrimination “by fact”• Ex. After Brown v. Board of Education• Segregation not constitutional but people still

discriminate

K IS FOR: Kholberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Kholberg’s Theory of Moral Development• Amoral (0-6 yrs)• Preconventional (7-10)• Conventional (10-18?)• Post Conventional (adult+)

L IS FOR: Labeling Theory

Labeling Theory • Idea that the labels people are given affect their own

and others’ perceptions of them • The result is that people channel their

behavior into either deviance or conformity

M IS FOR: Mechanical v. Organic Solidarity

Mechanical• People perform similar tasks • Shared values and beliefs• Ex. Farmers-hard work, religion?

Organic• Interdependence in an industrial society • No shared values—might not have anything in common

except that they need each other to work• Ex. Factory workers—assembly line, need everyone to

make a specific part

What holds society together?

N IS FOR: Norms, Folkways, Mores, Laws, Sanctions

Norms-specific guideline for behavior (no smoking)

Folkways-everyday habits/manners (don’t talk with full mouth)

Mores- norms vital to well being of society and to our values (no incest)

Laws- government’s rules (murder)

Sanctions- punishment for violating norms/ reward for following them (jail, honor roll)

O IS FOR: Out group v. In group

In group• a group you are part of• Ex. VHHS students, share school pride, classes, and clubs

Out group• a group you are not a part of• For every in group there is an out group

P IS FOR: Piaget’s Theory on Socialization

Piaget’s Theory on Socialization• Well accepted • Stages are fluid• 4 stages• Sensory Motor Stage (0-2 yrs)• Pre-Operatinal Stage (2-7)• Concrete Operationl Stage (7-12)• Formal Operational Stage (12+)

Q IS FOR: Questionnaires=Surveys

Questionnaires=Surveys• Most common for reasearch• Sample=number of people or types of people

picked to answer questions • Random= Ex. People on street• Representative= Ex. 50% of VHHS

R IS FOR: Role conflict v. Role strain

Role conflict• Too many things to do/expectations and not

enough time in the day!!!!• Ex.—come home and study? Prep for club?

Talk with family?Role strain• More of a moral dilemma • Ex. Lance Armstrong—do drugs and win

dishonestly or no drugs and don’t win?

S IS FOR: Status Inconsistency

Status Inconsistency• Have some status characteristics that are relatively

high and some that are relatively low• Ex. A poor person wins the lottery

+

T IS FOR: Thomas Theorem

Thomas Theorem• what you think is real is real

U IS FOR: Civil Union v. Marriage

Different kinds of families

Marriage• Legal union with mutual rights and obligations• Ex. Tax and insurance benefits; if one dies, other still

has to pay the mortgage

Civil Union• Recognition of association by state• Also includes things like tax and insurance benefits and DNR• But! Not all states recognize civil unions so have to stay in • state where it is recognized or lose these benefits

V IS FOR: Values

Values• General idea that people share about what is good or bad• Ex. Civil rights, hard work • 5 elements important to Americans• Leisure• Self-fulfillment• Physical fitness• Youthfulness• Concern for environment

Hard work

W IS FOR: White Collar Crime

White Collar Crime• Crimes high status people commit usually as

they do their jobs• Ex. Insider trading, tax evasion, embezzement• These money crimes lead to less jail time than people crime

X IS FOR: Xenophobia

Xenophobia• irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries

Y IS FOR: SYmbolic Interactionism

SYmbolic Interactionism• Cooley and Meade• Symbol=stands for

something that has agreed meaning (Ex. Love, flag)

• Defines what one should and shouldn’t do

• Defines oneself and others

Z IS FOR: Zimbardo Prison Experiment

Zimbardo Prison Experiment• Experiment where some college students played

the role of guards while others played the role of prisoners

• Not long after the experiment started, the “gaurds” were psychologically torturing the “prisoners”

• The experiment had to be stopped after just six days