A 15-17 Not Bad B 13-14 Could be better C 12 Barely good enough to not suck D 10-11 Sucks F 0-9 YOU FAIL!!!!!

• A 15-17 Not Bad

• B 13-14 Could be better

• C 12 Barely good enough to not suck

• D 10-11 Sucks

• F 0-9 YOU FAIL!!!!!

Chap 18Chap 18

Coming UpComing Up

• Ottomans – Sunni Islam – Centered in Anatolia – Janisaries / Devshirme

• Safavid – Shiite – Persia/Iran

• Mughal – Islamic empire ruling India

West IndiesWest Indies• French & English –

– tobacco chartered companies– European indentured servants.– Spanish- small scale plantation

• Mid-1600-Sugar Production – Dutch created the archetype of the

Brazilian sugar plantation – Spread it to West Indies when expelled

from Brazil – Needed large amounts of cheap labor

Plantation LifePlantation Life• Grow and process cane

– large plantations– Plantocracy and lots of slaves- social stratification – specialized tasks

• Rewards and harsh punishments • Sundays were only time off- cultivate own food • Short life expectancy • Tried to end African cultural traditions, religions, and

languages• “Great whites”• “Little whites”• Free blacks• Children between slave and plantation owner usually

received freedom (manumission)• Maroons

Atlantic EconomyAtlantic Economy

• Capitalism – government-protected private enterprise created to gain profit – banks, joint-stock companies, stock exchanges, and

insurance.

• Mercantilism– state policies that promoted private investment in overseas

trade and accumulation of capital in the form of precious metals.

– chartered companies– use of military force to pursue commercial dominance

• British, the French, and the Portuguese• The Atlantic Circuit• “Triangular Trade”• Middle Passage 1/6 Died

The Gold Coast and the Slave The Gold Coast and the Slave CoastCoast

• Relatively equal trading relations – slaves for firearms

• Dahomey, Oyo, and Asante– prisoners of war

• Bight of Biafra and Angola– Kidnapping

• Europe acquired very little African territory – Dutch Cape Colony– Portuguese in Angola

MuslimsMuslims

• Ottoman Empire

• Morocco- took control of the trans-Saharan trade from Songhai

• Some slavery but smaller –Larger effect on population

• Muslim cultural influences south of the Sahara

• Slave trade had little impact on Africa

• 1. How did participation in the Atlantic system affect the environment in the Americas?

• 2. How did participation in the Atlantic system affect social and political development in Africa and the Americas?

• 3. What factors led to the development of the African slave trade?

• 4. How and why did Islamic influence in sub-Saharan Africa differ from the influence of Europeans?

• 5. What effects did slavery have on economic life in Africa?

• 6. How did the technological requirements of sugar production affect West Indian society?