9/9 Do Now: Turn in Student Information Sheet and signed syllabus Aim: What does The Devil in the White City tell us about life in the late 1800s? Objectives:

9/9

Do Now: Turn in Student Information Sheet and signed syllabus

Aim: What does The Devil in the White City tell us about life in the late 1800s?

Objectives: You will be able to…• Analyze the title and themes of the book• Describe the politics, economy, technology, and culture of the late

1800s• Evaluate the impact of the Chicago World’s Fair

Agenda: The Devil in the White City Discussion

Homework: C Block- None D Block- Read “9 Questions about Syria” and answer the following question in a paragraph: How should the US respond to Syria’s alleged use of chemical weapons?

9/10

Do Now: Citizenship Test

Aim: What do you know about history? How do we study history?

Objectives: You will be able to…• Define history and historiography• Differentiate primary, secondary, tertiary sources• Evaluate the pros and cons of using various types of sources

Agenda: Intro ActivitiesHistoriographyEvaluation of SourcesBooks and Seats

Homework: Read Chapter 12 Section 1 and complete the chart about it

9/12

Do Now: What were the short-term and long-term effects of the Civil War?

Aim: How did the government, groups, and individuals attempt to rebuild the United States after the Civil War?

Objectives: You will be able to…• Define Reconstruction • Explain the goals of Reconstruction• Describe various plans to rebuild the nation during Reconstruction• Evaluate the effects of Reconstruction

Agenda: Intro to ReconstructionEffects of Reconstruction Discussion

Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 12 Section 3

The United States After the Civil War

Excerpt from the Journal of Gertrude Thomas

Belmont, Monday, June 12, 1865. I must confess to you my journal that I do most heartily dispise Yankees, Negroes and everything connected with them. The theme has been sung in my hearing until it is a perfect abomination—I positively instinctively shut my ears when I hear the hated subject mentioned and right gladly would I be willing never to place my eyes upon another as long as I live. Everything is entirely reversed. I feel no interest in them whatever and hope I never will—

The United States After the Civil War

Reconstruction Overview

• The time period from 1865-1877 during which the US began to rebuild itself after the Civil War

• Presidents, Congress, state governments, and individuals worked towards reconstructing the nation and solving its problems, but had different ideas on how to do it

• Although many of its efforts were cut short, Reconstruction had some lasting effects

What were the goals of Reconstruction? How did the federal government attempt to

achieve these goals?

Federal Reconstruction Efforts

• Re-admittance of Confederate States• Thirteenth Amendment (1865)• Freedmen’s Bureau (1865-1872)• Civil Rights Act of 1866• Reconstruction Act of 1867• Fourteenth Amendment (1868)• Fifteenth Amendment (1870)• Enforcement Act of 1870

Physically Rebuilding the Postwar South

• Republican state governments took on public works projects to repair physical damage and meet social needs

Politically Rebuilding the Postwar South

• Difficult to bring together everyone as political equals– Democrats – Republicans – Southerners – Northerners – Whites– Blacks

Socially Rebuilding the Postwar South

• Blacks attempted to live freely by moving, reuniting with family, gaining an education, and being active in churches, volunteer groups and politics

• But many white Southerners struggled with accepting defeat and racial equality

Economically Rebuilding the Postwar South

• Some blacks become landowners

• Sharecropping developed on plantations

• Southern economy began to diversify because cotton is no longer “king”

• But the South remained way behind the North

Sharecropping

• A system in which landowners divided their land and gave each worker a few acres, some seeds, and tools in exchange for the owner giving a share of his crop back to the landowner

• Developed as a compromise between redistributing land to slaves and reinstituting gang labor

Analyzing Sharecropping

What effects did Reconstruction have on the nation?

9/13

Do Now: Why do some call Reconstruction “the second Civil War?”

Aim: What led to the end of Reconstruction? What impact did Reconstruction and its collapse have on the US?

Objectives: You will be able to…• Explain what led to the collapse of Reconstruction and the

Compromise of 1877• Evaluate the impact of Reconstruction and whether it was a failure

or success• Describe post-Reconstruction race relations

Agenda: Colfax MassacreCollapse of Reconstruction ReviewDiscuss Impact of ReconstructionOverview of Post- Reconstruction America

Homework: Read and annotate Industrialization article, answer questions

Reconstruction only lasted until 1877. What events/actions led to its collapse?

Contributions to the Collapse of Reconstruction- Growth of White Southern Opposition

• The opposition of white Southerners hurt Reconstruction efforts– Terrorist organizations like

the KKK were successful in limiting the rights of African Americans and restoring white supremacy in the South

– The Amnesty Act (1872) and the expiration of the Freedmen’s Bureau caused southern Democrats to gain political power

Contributions to the Collapse of Reconstruction- Corruption in the Republican Party

• Corruption in the Republican Party during Grant’s administration discredited the Republican Party, took attention away from Reconstruction, and made it harder to continue Reconstruction– Credit Mobilier Affair– Liberal Republican Party– Whiskey Ring Scandal

Contributions to the Collapse of Reconstruction- Economic Turmoil

• Economic turmoil also took the nation’s attention away from Reconstruction– Financial failures of the

panic of 1873 caused a 5-year depression

– Debates over whether the country should use greenbacks or the gold standard grew

Contributions to the Collapse of Reconstruction- Supreme Court Decisions

• Supreme Court decisions in the 1870s undermined Reconstruction– Slaughterhouse cases, US v. Cruikshank and

US v. Reese severely limited the rights that the 14th and 15th Amendments protected

The Collapse of Reconstruction

• Reconstruction collapsed because of – Continued opposition by white Southerners– Lack of support by Northerners and the

Supreme Court • The collapse of Reconstruction was

signaled by Democrats fully “redeeming” the South (regaining political control over the South) in 1877

The Compromise of 1877• In 1876, Tilden (Democrat) won the popular vote but not

the electoral college• The commission appointed to deal with the issue was

controlled by Republicans and gave the election to Hayes (Republican)

• But the House (controlled by Democrats) had to approve the election results- accepted Hayes on the conditions that– Federal troops were removed from the South– Money was given to infrastructure projects in the South– Hayes appointed a conservative Southerner to his Cabinet

• Signaled the end of Reconstruction because it caused Democrats to control all southern state governments and achieve home rule- used home rule to restrict the rights of African Americans, slash taxes, and decrease social programs

Was Reconstruction a success or failure? Why?

Post-Reconstruction Race Relations

• Blacks struggled to overcome discrimination and the legacy of slavery– Limited educational and

economic opportunities– Disenfranchisement– Development of Jim

Crow segregation

Key Trends in Turn-of-the-Century America

• Settlement of the West• Industrialization• Immigration• Urbanization• Growth of Big Business and Labor Unions• Discrimination• Corrupt Politics• Improvements in Science, Technology, and Education• Dawn of Mass Culture• Progressivism• Imperialism and War

• Despite its discrimination, corruption, and urban/economic problems, it was a time of great growth and advancement that helped create modern America