960 SP PhysicsB

STPM/S(E)960

PEPERIKSAAN

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)

PHYSICS Syllabus and Specimen Papers

This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY

“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further

developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and

integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who are

intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically

balanced and harmonious, based on a belief in and devotion

to God. Such effort is designed to produce Malaysian

citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess

high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable

of achieving a high level of personal well-being as well as

being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the

society and the nation at large.”

FOREWORD

This revised Physics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in use since

the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first examination

will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the changes made by

the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination. Through the new

system, the form sixth study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for an

examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system.

The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and

learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in

colleges and universities.

The revision of the Physics syllabus incorporates current developments in physics studies and syllabus

design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level of Physics that

includes mechanics and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, optics,

and modern physics.

The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, grade

description and specimen papers.

The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohd.

Zambri bin Zainuddin from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university

lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education

Malaysia, and experienced teachers who are teaching Physics. On behalf of MEC, I would like to

thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus

will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching and learning process.

Chief Executive

Malaysian Examinations Council

CONTENTS

Syllabus 960 Physics

Page

Aims 1

Objectives 1

Content

First Term: Mechanics and Thermodynamics 2 – 9

Second Term: Electricity and Magnetism 10 – 15

Third Term: Oscillations and Waves, Optics, and Modern Physics 16 – 22

Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical) 23 – 24

Written Practical Test 24

Scheme of Assessment 25 – 26

Performance Descriptions 27

Summary of Key Quantities and Units 28 – 30

Values of constants 31

Reference Books 32

Specimen Paper 1 33 – 54



Specimen Experiment Paper 4 101 – 103


1

SYLLABUS

960 PHYSICS

Aims

This syllabus aims to enhance candidates’ knowledge and understanding of physics to enable them to

either further their studies at institutions of higher learning or assist them to embark on a related

career and also to promote awareness among them of the role of physics in the universe.

Objectives

The objectives of this syllabus are to enable candidates to:

(a) use models, concepts, principles, theories, and laws of physics;

(b) interpret and use scientific information presented in various forms;

(c) solve problems in various situations;

(d) analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically;

(e) use techniques of operation and safety aspects of scientific equipment;

(f) plan and carry out experiments scientifically and make conclusions;

(g) develop proper attitudes, ethics, and values in the study and practice of physics.

2

FIRST TERM: MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

Topic Teaching

Period Learning Outcome

1 Physical Quantities and

Units

1.1 Base quantities and

SI units

6

1

Candidates should be able to:

(a) list base quantities and their SI units:

mass (kg), length (m), time (s), current (A),

temperature (K) and quantity of matter (mol);

(b) deduce units for derived quantities;

1.2 Dimensions of

physical quantities

1 (c) use dimensional analysis to determine the

dimensions of derived quantities;

(d) check the homogeneity of equations using

dimensional analysis;

(e) construct empirical equations using

dimensional analysis;

1.3 Scalars and vectors 2 (f) determine the sum, the scalar product and

vector product of coplanar vectors;

(g) resolve a vector to two perpendicular

components;

1.4 Uncertainties in

measurements

2 (h) calculate the uncertainty in a derived quantity

(a rigorous statistical treatment is not

required);

(i) write a derived quantity to an appropriate

number of significant figures.

2 Kinematics

2.1 Linear motion

6

2


(a) derive and use equations of motion with

constant acceleration;

(b) sketch and use the graphs of displacement-

time, velocity-time and acceleration-time for

the motion of a body with constant

acceleration;

2.2 Projectiles 4 (c) solve problems on projectile motion without

air resistance;

(d) explain the effects of air resistance on the

motion of bodies in air.

3

Topic Teaching


3 Dynamics

3.1 Newton’s laws of

motion

12

4


(a) state Newton’s laws of motion;

(b) use the formula t

mv

t

vmF

d

d

d

d for constant

m or constant v only;

3.2 Linear momentum and

its conservation

3

(c) state the principle of conservation of

momentum, and verify the principle using

Newton’s laws of motion;

(d) apply the principle of conservation of

momentum;

(e) define impulse as d ;F t

(f) solve problems involving impulse;

3.3 Elastic and inelastic

collisions

2 (g) distinguish between elastic collisions and

inelastic collisions (knowledge of coefficient

of restitution is not required);

(h) solve problems involving collisions between

particles in one dimension;

3.4 Centre of mass

1 (i) define centre of mass for a system of particles

in a plane;

(j) predict the path of the centre of mass of a two-

particle system;

3.5 Frictional forces 2 (k) explain the variation of frictional force with

sliding force;

(l) define and use coefficient of static function

and coefficient of kinetic friction.

4 Work, Energy and Power

4.1 Work

5

2


(a) define the work done by a force sF ddW ;

(b) calculate the work done using a force-

displacement graph;

(c) calculate the work done in certain situations,

including the work done in a spring;

4.2 Potential energy and

kinetic energy

2

(d) derive and use the formula: potential energy

change = mgh near the surface of the Earth;

(e) derive and use the formula: kinetic energy

2

2

1mv ;

4

Topic Teaching


(f) state and use the work-energy theorem;

(g) apply the principle of conservation of energy

in situations involving kinetic energy and

potential energy;

4.3 Power 1 (h) derive and use the formula P Fv ;

(i) use the concept of efficiency to solve

problems.

5 Circular Motion

5.1 Angular displacement

and angular velocity

8

1


(a) express angular displacement in radians;

(b) define angular velocity and period;

(c) derive and use the formula rv ;

5.2 Centripetal

acceleration

2 (d) explain that uniform circular motion has an

acceleration due to the change in direction of

velocity;

(e) derive and use the formulae for centripetal

acceleration a = 2v

r and a = 2r ;

5.3 Centripetal force 5 (f) explain that uniform circular motion is due to

the action of a resultant force that is always

directed to the centre of the circle;

(g) use the formulae for centripetal force 2mv

Fr

and 2F mr ;

(h) solve problems involving uniform horizontal

circular motion for a point mass;

(i) solve problems involving vertical circular

motions for a point mass (knowledge of

tangential acceleration is not required).

6 Gravitation

6.1 Newton’s law of

universal gravitation

10

1


(a) state Newton’s law of universal gravitation and

use the formula FGMm

r2

;

6.2 Gravitational field 2 (b) explain the meaning of gravitational field;

(c) define gravitational field strength as force of

gravity per unit mass;

5

Topic Teaching


(d) use the equation g

GM

r2 for a gravitational

field;

6.3 Gravitational potential 3 (e) define the potential at a point in a gravitational

field;

(f) derive and use the formula VGM

r;

(g) use the formula for potential energy

UGMm

r;

(h) show that mghrmgU is a special case

of UGMm

r for situations near to the

surface of the Earth;

(i) use the relationship gV

r

d

d;

(j) explain, with graphical illustrations, the

variations of gravitational field strength and

gravitational potential with distance from the

surface of the Earth;

6.4 Satellite motion in a

circular orbit

3 (k) solve problems involving satellites moving in

a circular orbit in a gravitational field;

(l) explain the concept of weightlessness;

6.5 Escape velocity 1 (m) derive and use the equation for escape

velocity e

2GMv

Rand e 2 .v gR

7 Statics

7.1 Centre of gravity

6

1


(a) define centre of gravity;

(b) state the condition in which the centre of mass

is the centre of gravity;

7.2 Equilibrium of

particles

1 (c) state the condition for the equilibrium of a

particle;

(d) solve problems involving forces in equilibrium

at a point;

7.3 Equilibrium of rigid

bodies

4 (e) define torque as ;r F

(f) state the conditions for the equilibrium of a

rigid body;

6

Topic Teaching


(g) sketch and label the forces which act on a

particle and a rigid body;

(h) use the triangle of forces to represent forces in

equilibrium;

(i) solve problems involving forces in

equilibrium.

8 Deformation of Solids

8.1 Stress and strain

5

1


(a) define stress and strain for a stretched wire or

elastic string;

8.2 Force-extension graph

and stress-strain graph

2

(b) sketch force-extension graph and stress-strain

graph for a ductile material;

(c) identify and explain proportional limit, elastic

limit, yield point and tensile strength;

(d) define the Young’s modulus;

(e) solve problems involving Young’s modulus;

(f) distinguish between elastic deformation and

plastic deformation;

(g) distinguish the shapes of force-extension

graphs for ductile, brittle and polymeric

materials;

8.3 Strain energy 2 (h) derive and use the formula for strain energy;

(i) calculate strain energy from force-extension

graphs or stress-strain graphs.

9 Kinetic Theory of Gases

9.1 Ideal gas equation

14

2


(a) use the ideal gas equation ;pV nRT

9.2 Pressure of a gas

2 (b) state the assumptions of the kinetic theory of

an ideal gas;

(c) derive and use the equation for the pressure

exerted by an ideal gas 21

3;p c

9.3 Molecular kinetic

energy

2

(d) state and use the relationship between the

Boltzmann constant and molar gas constant

AN

Rk ;

7

Topic Teaching


(e) derive and use the expression for the mean

translational kinetic energy of a molecule,

21 3

2 2;mc kT

9.4 The r.m.s. speed of

molecules

2 (f) calculate the r.m.s. speed of gas molecules;

(g) sketch the molecular speed distribution graph

and explain the shape of the graph (description

of the experiment is not required);

(h) predict the variation of molecular speed

distribution with temperature;

9.5 Degrees of freedom

and law of

equipartition of energy

3 (i) define the degrees of freedom of a gas

molecule;

(j) identify the number of degrees of freedom of a

monatomic, diatomic or polyatomic molecule

at room temperature;

(k) explain the variation in the number of degrees

of freedom of a diatomic molecule ranging

from very low to very high temperatures;

(l) state and apply the law of equipartition of

energy;

9.6 Internal energy of an

ideal gas

3 (m) distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas;

(n) explain the concept of internal energy of an

ideal gas;

(o) derive and use the relationship between the

internal energy and the number of degrees of

freedom.

10 Thermodynamics of Gases

10.1 Heat capacities

14

2


(a) define heat capacity, specific heat capacity and

molar heat capacity;

(b) use the equations:

V,mΔ , Δ , ΔQ C Q mc Q nC and

p,mΔQ nC ;

10.2 Work done by a gas 1 (c) derive and use the equation for work done by

a gas d ;W p V

8

Topic Teaching


10.3 First law of

thermodynamics

5 (d) state and apply the first law of

thermodynamics ;Q U W

(e) deduce the relationship TnCU mV, from

the first law of thermodynamics;

(f) derive and use the equation p,m V,m ;C C R

(g) relate mp,mV, and CC to the degrees of

freedom;

(h) use the relationship mV,

mp,

C

C to identify the

types of molecules;

10.4 Isothermal and

adiabatic changes

6 (i) describe the isothermal process of a gas;

(j) use the equation pV constant for isothermal

changes;

(k) describe the adiabatic process of a gas;

(l) use the equations γpV constant and

1γTV constant for adiabatic changes;

(m) illustrate thermodynamic processes with p-V

graphs;

(n) derive and use the expression for work done in

the thermodynamic processes.

11 Heat Transfer

11.1 Conduction

10

5


(a) explain the mechanism of heat conduction

through solids, and hence, distinguish between

conduction through metals and non-metals;

(b) define thermal conductivity;

(c) use the equation x

kAt

Q

d

d

d

d for heat

conduction in one dimension;

(d) describe and calculate heat conduction through

a cross-sectional area of layers of different

materials;

(e) compare heat conduction through insulated

and non-insulated rods;

11.2 Convection 1 (f) describe heat transfer by convection;

(g) distinguish between natural and forced

convection;

9

Topic Teaching


11.3 Radiation 3 (h) describe heat transfer by radiation;

(i) use Stefan-Boltzmann equation 4d;

d

Qe AT

t

(j) define a black body;

11.4 Global warming 1 (k) explain the greenhouse effect and thermal

pollution;

(l) suggest ways to reduce global warming.

10

SECOND TERM: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Topic Teaching


12 Electrostatics

12.1 Coulomb’s law

12

2


(a) state Coulomb’s law, and use the formula

2

04 r

QqF ;

12.2 Electric field

3 (b) explain the meaning of electric field, and

sketch the field pattern for an isolated point

charge, an electric dipole and a uniformly

charged surface;

(c) define the electric field strength, and use the

formula q

FE ;

(d) describe the motion of a point charge in a

uniform electric field;

12.3 Gauss’s law 4 (e) state Gauss’s law, and apply it to derive the

electric field strength for an isolated point

charge, an isolated charged conducting sphere

and a uniformly charged plate;

12.4 Electric potential

3 (f) define electric potential;

(g) use the formula r

QV

04;

(h) explain the meaning of equipotential surfaces;

(i) use the relationshipr

VE

d

d;

(j) use the formula U = qV.

13 Capacitors

13.1 Capacitance

12

1


(a) define capacitance;

13.2 Parallel plate

capacitors

2

(b) describe the mechanism of charging a parallel

plate capacitor;

(c) use the formula CQ

V to derive

d

AC 0 for

the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor;

11

Topic Teaching


13.3 Dielectrics 2 (d) define relative permittivity r (dielectric

constant);

(e) describe the effect of a dielectric in a parallel

plate capacitor;

(f) use the formula d

AC r 0 ;

13.4 Capacitors in series

and in parallel

2 (g) derive and use the formulae for effective

capacitance of capacitors in series and in

parallel;

13.5 Energy stored in a

charged capacitor

1 (h) use the formulae

22

2

1

2

1

2

1and, CVU

C

QUQVU

(derivations are not required);

13.6 Charging and

discharging of a

capacitor

4 (i) describe the charging and discharging process

of a capacitor through a resistor;

(j) define the time constant, and use the formula

;RC

(k) derive and use the formulae

0 1

t

Q Q e , 0 1

t

V V e and

0

t

I I e for charging a capacitor through a

resistor;

(l) derive and use the formulae 0

t

Q Q e ,

0

t

V V e and 0

t

I I e for discharging a

capacitor through a resistor;

(m) solve problems involving charging and

discharging of a capacitor through a resistor.

14 Electric Current

14.1 Conduction of

electricity

10

2


(a) define electric current, and use the equation

t

QI

d

d;

(b) explain the mechanism of conduction of

electricity in metals;

12

Topic Teaching


14.2 Drift velocity 2 (c) explain the concept of drift velocity;

(d) derive and use the equation ;I Anev

14.3 Current density 2 (e) define electric current density and

conductivity;

(f) use the relationship ;J E

14.4 Electric conductivity

and resistivity

4 (g) derive and use the equation 2

;ne t

m

(h) define resistivity, and use the formula ;RA

l

(i) show the equivalence between Ohm’s law and

the relationship ;J E

(j) explain the dependence of resistivity on

temperature for metals and semiconductors by

using the equation

2

;ne t

m

(k) discuss the effects of temperature change on

the resistivity of conductors, semiconductors

and superconductors.

15 Direct Current Circuits

15.1 Internal resistance

14

1


(a) explain the effects of internal resistance on the

terminal potential difference of a battery in a

circuit;

15.2 Kirchhoff’s laws 4 (b) state and apply Kirchhoff’s laws;

15.3 Potential divider 2 (c) explain a potential divider as a source of

variable voltage;

(d) explain the uses of shunts and multipliers;

15.4 Potentiometer and

Wheatstone bridge

7 (e) explain the working principles of a

potentiometer, and its uses;

(f) explain the working principles of a Wheatstone

bridge, and its uses;

(g) solve problems involving potentiometer and

Wheatstone bridge.

13

Topic Teaching


16 Magnetic Fields

16.1 Concept of a magnetic

field

18

1


(a) explain magnetic field as a field of force

produced by current-carrying conductors or by

permanent magnets;

16.2 Force on a moving

charge

3 (b) use the formula for the force on a moving

charge ;qF v B

(c) use the equation sinqvBF to define

magnetic flux density B;

(d) describe the motion of a charged particle

parallel and perpendicular to a uniform

magnetic field;

16.3 Force on a current-

carrying conductor

3 (e) explain the existence of magnetic force on a

straight current-carrying conductor placed in a

uniform magnetic field;

(f) derive and use the equation sinF IlB

16.4 Magnetic fields due to

currents

4 (g) state Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the

magnetic field of a straight wire r

IB

π20 ;

(h) use the formulaer

NIB

2

0 for a circular coil

and nIB 0 for a solenoid;

16.5 Force between two

current-carrying

conductors

3 (i) derive and use the formula

d

lIIμF

π2210 for the

force between two parallel current-carrying

conductors;

16.6 Determination of the

ratio m

e

2 (j) describe the motion of a charged particle in the

presence of both magnetic and electric fields

(for v, B and E perpendicular to each other);

(k) explain the principles of the determination of

the ratio m

e for electrons in Thomson’s

experiment (quantitative treatment is required);

16.7 Hall effect 2 (l) explain Hall effect, and derive an expression

for Hall voltage VH ;

(m) state the applications of Hall effect.

14

Topic Teaching


17 Electromagnetic Induction

17.1 Magnetic flux

18

1


(a) define magnetic flux as ;Φ B A

17.2 Faraday’s law and

Lenz’s law

8 (b) state and use Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law;

(c) derive and use the equation for induced e.m.f.

in linear conductors and plane coils in uniform

magnetic fields;

17.3 Self induction 5 (d) explain the phenomenon of self-induction, and

define self-inductance;

(e) use the formulae Ed

and ;d

IL LI NΦ

t

(f) derive and use the equation for the self-

inductance of a solenoid

2

0 ;N A

Ll

17.4 Energy stored in an

inductor

2 (g) use the formula for the energy stored in an

inductor 2

2

1LIU ;

17.5 Mutual induction 2 (h) explain the phenomenon of mutual induction,

and define mutual inductance;

(i) derive an expression for the mutual inductance

between two coaxial solenoids of the same

cross-sectional area

p

sp0

l

ANNM .

18 Alternating Current

Circuits

18.1 Alternating current

through a resistor

12

3


(a) explain the concept of the r.m.s. value of an

alternating current, and calculate its value for

the sinusoidal case only;

(b) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(c) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure resistor;

(d) derive and use the formula for the power in an

alternating current circuit which consists only

of a pure resistor;

15

Topic Teaching



through an inductor

3 (e) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(f) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure inductor;

(g) define the reactance of a pure inductor;

(h) use the formula ;LX L

(i) derive and use the formula for the power in an


of a pure inductor;


through a capacitor

3 (j) derive an expression for the current from

0 sin ;V V t

(k) explain the phase difference between the

current and voltage for a pure capacitor;

(l) define the reactance of a pure capacitor;

(m) use the formula 1

;CXC

(n) derive and use the formula for the power in an


of a pure capacitor;

18.4 R-C and R-L circuits in

series

3 (o) define impedance;

(p) use the formula 22

)( CL XXRZ ;

(q) sketch the phasor diagrams of R-C and R-L

circuits.

16

THIRD TERM: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES, OPTICS, AND MODERN PHYSICS

Topic Teaching


19 Oscillations 12 Candidates should be able to:

19.1 Characteristics of

simple harmonic

motion

1 (a) define simple harmonic motion;

19.2 Kinematics of simple

harmonic motion

4 (b) show that tAx sin is a solution of 2 ;a x

(c) derive and use the formula 2 2 ;v A x

(d) describe, with graphical illustrations, the

variation in displacement, velocity and

acceleration with time;

(e) describe, with graphical illustrations, the

variation in velocity and acceleration with

displacement;

19.3 Energy in simple

harmonic motion

2 (f) derive and use the expressions for kinetic

energy and potential energy;

(g) describe, with graphical illustrations, the

variation in kinetic energy and potential energy

with time and displacement;

19.4 Systems in simple

harmonic motion

3 (h) derive and use expressions for the periods of

oscillations for spring-mass and simple

pendulum systems;

19.5 Damped oscillations 1

(i) describe the changes in amplitude and energy

for a damped oscillating system;

(j) distinguish between under damping, critical

damping and over damping;

19.6 Forced oscillations and

resonance

1 (k) distinguish between free oscillations and

forced oscillations;

(l) state the conditions for resonance to occur.

20 Wave Motion

20.1 Progressive waves

12

3


(a) interpret and use the progressive wave

equation y = A sin ( t kx) or

y = A cos ( t kx);

(b) sketch and interpret the displacement-time

graph and the displacement-distance graph;

17

Topic Teaching


(c) use the formula

2;

x

λ

(d) derive and use the relationship ;v f

20.2 Wave intensity 2 (e) define intensity and use the relationship 2 ;I A

(f) describe the variation of intensity with distance

of a point source in space;

20.3 Principle of

superposition

1 (g) state the principle of superposition;

20.4 Standing waves 4 (h) use the principle of superposition to explain

the formation of standing waves;

(i) derive and interpret the standing wave

equation;

(j) distinguish between progressive and standing

waves;

20.5 Electromagnetic waves 2 (k) state that electromagnetic waves are made up

of electrical vibrations E = E0 sin ( t kx)

and magnetic vibrations B = B0 sin ( t kx);

(l) state the characteristics of electromagnetic

waves;

(m) compare electromagnetic waves with

mechanical waves;

(n) state the formula

00

1c , and explain its

significance;

(o) state the orders of the magnitude of

wavelengths and frequencies for different

types of electromagnetic waves.

21 Sound Waves

21.1 Propagation of sound

waves

14

2


(a) explain the propagation of sound waves in air

in terms of pressure variation and

displacement;

(b) interpret the equations for displacement

0 sin( )y y t kx and pressure

p = p0 sin ;2

t kx

18

Topic Teaching


(c) use the standing wave equation to determine

the positions of nodes and antinodes of a

standing wave along a stretched string;

21.2 Sources of sound 4 (d) use the formula

Tv to determine the

frequencies of the sound produced by different

modes of vibration of the standing waves

along a stretched string;

(e) describe, with appropriate diagrams, the

different modes of vibration of standing waves

in air columns, and calculate the frequencies of

sound produced, including the determination

of end correction;

21.3 Intensity level of

sound

2 (f) define and calculate the intensity level of

sound;

21.4 Beat 2 (g) use the principle of superposition to explain

the formation of beats;

(h) use the formula for beat frequency

f f f1 2 ;

21.5 Doppler effect 4 (i) describe the Doppler effect for sound, and use

the derived formulae (for source and/or

observer moving along the same line).

22 Geometrical Optics

22.1 Spherical mirrors

8

3


(a) use the relationship2

rf for spherical

mirrors;

(b) draw ray diagrams to show the formation of

images by concave mirrors and convex

mirrors;

(c) use the formula

fvu

111 for spherical

mirrors;

22.2 Refraction at spherical

surfaces

2 (d) use the formula

n

u

n

v

n n

r1 2 2 1 for

refraction at spherical surfaces;

19

Topic Teaching


22.3 Thin lenses

3 (e) use the formula

n

u

n

v

n n

r1 2 2 1 to derive

the thin lens formula 1 1 1

u v f and

lensmaker’s equation 21

111

1

rrn

n

f m

l

m

;

(f) use the thin lens formula and lensmaker’s

equation.

23 Wave Optics

23.1 Huygens’s principle

16

1


(a) state the Huygens’s principle;

(b) use the Huygens’s principle to explain

interference and diffraction phenomena;

23.2 Interference 2 (c) explain the concept of coherence;

(d) explain the concept of optical path difference,

and solve related problems;

(e) state the conditions for constructive and

destructive interferences;

23.3 Two-slit interference

pattern

2 (f) explain Young’s two-slit interference pattern;

(g) derive and use the formula a

Dλx for the

fringe separation in Young’s interference

pattern;

23.4 Interference in a thin

film

2 (h) explain the phenomenon of thin film

interference for normal incident light, and

solve related problems;

23.5 Diffraction by a single

slit

2 (i) explain the diffraction pattern for a single slit;

(j) use the formula a

λθsin for the first

minimum in the diffraction pattern for a single

slit;

(k) use the formula sin = a

as the resolving

power of an aperture;

20

Topic Teaching


23.6 Diffraction gratings 3 (l) explain the diffraction pattern for a diffraction

grating;

(m) use the formula λmθd sin for a diffraction

grating;

(n) describe the use of a diffraction grating to form

the spectrum of white light, and to determine

the wavelength of monochromatic light;

23.7 Polarisation 2 (o) state that polarisation is a property of

transverse waves;

(p) explain the polarisation of light obtained by

reflection or using a polariser;

(q) use the Brewster’s law tan B ;n

(r) use the Malus’s law I = I0 cos2 ;

23.8 Optical waveguides 2 (s) explain the basic principles of fibre optics and

waveguides;

(t) state the applications of fibre optics and

waveguides.

24 Quantum Physics

24.1 Photons

20

8

Students should be able to:

(a) describe the important observations in

photoelectric experiments;

(b) recognise the features of the photoelectric

effect that cannot be explained by wave theory,

and explain these features using the concept of

quantisation of light;

(c) use the equation E hf for a photon;

(d) explain the meaning of work function and

threshold frequency;

(e) use Einstein’s equation for the photoelectric

effect 2

max

1;

2hf W mv

(f) explain the meaning of stopping potential, and

use 2

s max

1;

2eV mv

21

Topic Teaching


24.2 Wave-particle duality 2 (g) state de Broglie’s hypothesis;

(h) use the relation p

h to calculate de Broglie

wavelength;

(i) interpret the electron diffraction pattern as an

evidence of the wave nature of electrons;

(j) explain the advantages of an electron

microscope as compared to an optical

microscope;

24.3 Atomic structure 4 (k) state Bohr’s postulates for a hydrogen atom;

(l) derive an expression for the radii of the orbits

in Bohr’s model;

(m) derive the formula 222

0

42

8 nh

meZEn for

Bohr’s model;

(n) explain the production of emission line spectra

with reference to the transitions between

energy levels;

(o) explain the concepts of excitation energy and

ionisation energy;

24.4 X-rays

5

(p) interpret X-ray spectra obtained from X-ray

tubes;

(q) explain the characteristic line spectrum and

continuous spectrum including min in X-rays;

(r) derive and use the equation min ;hc

eV

(s) describe X-ray diffraction by two parallel

adjacent atomic planes;

(t) derive and use Bragg’s law 2d sin = m ;

24.5 Nanoscience 1 (u) explain the basic concept of nanoscience;

(v) state the applications of nanoscience in

electronics devices.

22

Topic Teaching


25 Nuclear Physics 14 Candidates should be able to:

25.1 Nucleus

4 (a) describe the discovery of protons and neutrons

(experimental details are not required);

(b) explain mass defect and binding energy;

(c) use the formula for mass-energy equivalence

E = mc2;

(d) relate and use the units u and eV;

(e) sketch and interpret a graph of binding energy

per nucleon against nucleon number;

25.2 Radioactivity 6 (f) explain radioactive decay as a spontaneous and

random process;

(g) define radioactive activity;

(h) state and use the exponential law Nt

N

d

d

for radioactive decay;

(i) define decay constant;

(j) derive and use the formula tNN e0 ;

(k) define half-life, and derive the relation

21

2ln

t;

(l) solve problems involving the applications of

radioisotopes as tracers in medical physics;

25.3 Nuclear reactions 4 (m) state and apply the conservation of nucleon

number and charge in nuclear reactions;

(n) apply the principle of mass-energy

conservation to calculate the energy released

(Q – value) in a nuclear reaction;

(o) relate the occurrence of fission and fusion

to the graph of binding energy per nucleon

against nucleon number;

(p) explain the conditions for a chain reaction to

occur;

(q) describe a controlled fission process in a

reactor;

(r) describe a nuclear fusion process which occurs

in the Sun.

23

The Practical Syllabus

School-based Assessment of Practical

School-based assessment of practical work is carried out throughout the form six school terms for

candidates from government schools and private schools which have been approved by MEC to carry

out the school-based assessment.

MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by the

candidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will be

carried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,

objective, theory, apparatus and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified in

the Teacher’s and Student’s Manual for Practical Physics which can be downloaded from MEC’s

Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six.

Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experiment

so as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one school

double period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practical

sessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessment

guidelines prepared by MEC.

A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequent

STPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be made

during the registration of the examination.

The Physics practical course for STPM should achieve its objective to improve the quality of

candidates in the aspects as listed below.

(a) The ability to follow a set or sequence of instructions.

(b) The ability to plan and carry out experiments using appropriate methods.

(c) The ability to choose suitable equipment and use them correctly and carefully.

(d) The ability to determine the best range of readings for more detailed and careful

measurements.

(e) The ability to make observations, to take measurements and to record data with attention

given to precision, accuracy and units.

(f) The awareness of the importance of check readings and repeat readings.

(g) The awareness of the limits of accuracy of observations and measurements.

(h) The ability to present data and information clearly in appropriate forms.

(i) The ability to interpret, analyse and evaluate observations, experimental data, perform error

analysis and make deductions.

(j) The ability to make conclusions.

(k) The awareness of the safety measures which need to be taken.

http://www.mpm.edu.my/

24

The objective of the project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and integrate

practical skills in Physics with the aid of information and communications technology as well as to

develop soft skills as follows:

(a) communications,

(b) teamwork,

(c) critical thinking and problem solving,

(d) flexibility/adaptability,

(e) leadership,

(f) organising,

(g) information communications and technology,

(h) moral and ethics.

Written Practical Test

The main objective of the written practical test is to assess the candidates’ understanding of practical

procedures in the laboratory.

The following candidates are required to register for this paper:

(a) individual private candidates,

(b) candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-based

assessment of practical work,

(c) candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools),

(d) candidates who do not attend classes of lower six and upper six in two consecutive years

(in government or private schools).

(e) candidates who take Physics other than the package offered by schools.

Three structured questions on routine practical work and/or design of experiments will be set.

MEC will not be strictly bound by the syllabus in setting questions. Where appropriate, candidates

will be given sufficient information to enable them to answer the questions. Only knowledge of theory

within the syllabus and knowledge of usual laboratory practical procedures will be expected.

The questions to be set will test candidates’ ability to:

(a) record readings from diagrams of apparatus,

(b) describe, explain, suggest, design or comment on experimental arrangements, techniques

and procedures,

(c) complete tables of data and plot graphs,

(d) interpret, draw conclusions from, and evaluate observations and experimental data,

(e) recognise limitations of experiments and sources of results,

(f) explain the effect of errors on experimental results,

(g) suggest precautions or safety measures,

(h) explain theoretical basis of experiments,

(i) use theory to explain or predict experimental results,

(j) perform simple calculations and error analysis based on experiments.

25

Scheme of Assessment

Term of

Study

Paper Code

and Name Theme/Title Type of Test

Mark

(Weighting) Duration Administration

First

Term

960/1

Physics

Paper 1

Mechanics and

Thermodynamics

Written Test

Section A 15 compulsory

multiple-choice

questions to be

answered.

Section B

2 compulsory

structured questions

to be answered.

Section C

2 questions to be

answered out of 3

essay questions.

All questions are

based on topics 1 to

11.

60

(26.67%)

15

15

30

1½ hours Central

assessment

Second

Term

960/2

Physics

Paper 2

Electricity and

Magnetism Written Test

Section A 15 compulsory

multiple-choice

questions to be

answered.

Section B 2 compulsory


to be answered.

Section C

2 questions to be

answered out of 3

essay questions.

All questions are

based on topics 12

to 18.

60

(26.67%)

15

15

30

1½ hours Central

assessment

26

Term of

Study

Paper Code

and Name Theme/Title Type of Test

Mark

(Weighting) Duration Administration

Third

Term

960/3

Physics

Paper 3

Oscillations and

Waves, Optics

and Modern

Physics

Written Test

Section A

15 compulsory

multiple-choice

questions to be

answered.

Section B

2 compulsory


to be answered.

Section C

2 questions to be

answered out of 3

essay questions.

All questions are

based on topics 19

to 25.

60

(26.67%)

15

15

30

1½ hours Central

assessment

960/5

Physics

Paper 5

Physics Practical

Written Practical

Test

3 compulsory


to be answered.

45

(20%)

1½ hours Central

assessment

First,

Second

and

Third

Terms

960/4

Physics

Paper 4

Physics Practical

School-based

Assessment of

Practical

13 compulsory

experiments and

one project to be

carried out.

225

to be

scaled to

45

(20%)

Throughout the three

terms

School-based

assessment

27

Performance Descriptions

A Grade A candidate is likely able to:

(a) recall the fundamental knowledge of Physics from the syllabus with few significant

omissions;

(b) show good understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts;

(c) identify the appropriate information and apply the correct techniques to solve problems;

(d) communicate effectively using logical sequence based on physics fundamentals, including

usage of mathematical expressions, schematic diagrams, tables and graph;

(e) synthesise information from fundamental principles of different content areas in problem

solving;

(f) show good understanding of the underlying working principles and carry out extensive

calculation in numerical-type questions;

(g) make adaptations, appropriate assumptions and use the fundamental knowledge of Physics

in analyzing an unfamiliar situation;

(h) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;

(i) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;

(j) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.

A Grade C candidate is likely able to:

(a) recall the knowledge of Physics from most parts of the syllabus;

(b) show some understanding of the main principles and concepts in the syllabus;

(c) present answer using common terminology and simple concepts in the syllabus;

(d) demonstrate some ability to link knowledge between different areas of Physics;

(e) perform calculation on familiar numerical-type or guided questions;

(f) show some understanding of the underlying Physics principles when carrying out numerical

work;

(g) identify causes, factors or errors in questions involving experiments;

(h) shows good knowledge relating precision of data to the accuracy of the final result;

(i) interpret and evaluate critically the numerical answer in calculations.

28

Summary of Key Quantities and Units

Candidates are expected to be familiar with the following quantities, their symbols, their units, and

their interrelationships. They should also be able to perform calculations and deal with questions

involving these quantities as indicated in the syllabus. The list should not be considered exhaustive.

Quantity Usual symbols Units

Base quantities

Amount of matter n mol

Electric current I A

Length l m

Mass m kg

Temperature T K

Time t s

Other quantities

Acceleration a m s2

Acceleration of free fall g m s2

Activity of radioactive source A s1, Bq

Amplitude A m

Angular displacement , rad

Angular frequency rad s1

Angular momentum L kg m2 rad s

1

Angular speed , rad s1

Angular velocity , rad s1

Area A m2

Atomic mass ma kg

Atomic number (proton number) Z

Capacitance C F

Change of internal energy U J

Charge carrier density n m3

Coefficient of friction

Conductivity 1m

1

Critical angle c Current density J A m

2

Decay constant s1

Density kg m3

Displacement s, x m

Distance d m

Electric charge Q, q C

Electric field strength E N C1

Electric flux Φ N C1 m

2

Electric potential V V

Electric potential difference V, V V

Electromotive force , E V

Electron mass me kg, u

Elementary charge e C

Emissivity e

Energy E, U J

Focal length f m

Force F N

.

29


Force constant k N m1

Frequency f Hz

Gravitational field strength g N kg1

Gravitational potential V J kg1

Half-life t½ s

Heat Q J

Heat capacity C J K1

Image distance v m

Impedance Z Intensity I W m

2

Internal energy U J

Latent heat L J

Magnetic flux Φ Wb

Magnetic flux density B T

Magnification power m

Mass number (nucleon number) A

Mass per unit length kg m1

Molar heat capacity Cm J K1 mol

1

Molar mass M kg mol1

Molecular speed c m s1

Momentum p N s

Mutual inductance M H

Neutron mass mn kg, u

Neutron number N

Object distance u m

Period T s

Permeability H m1

Permeability of free space 0 H m1

Permittivity F m1

Permittivity of free space 0 F m1

Phase difference , rad

Potential energy U J

Power P W

Pressure p Pa

Principal molar heat capacities CV,m; Cp,m J K1 mol

1

Radius r m

Ratio of heat capacities

Reactance X Refractive index n

Relative atomic mass Ar

Relative molecular mass Mr

Relative permeability r

Relative permittivity r

Resistance R Resistivity m

Self-inductance L H

Specific heat capacity c J K1 kg

1

Specific latent heat l J kg1

Speed u, v m s1

Speed of electromagnetic waves c m s1

30


Stress Pa

Surface charge density C m2

Temperature T, K, C

Tension T N

Thermal conductivity k W m1 K

1

Time constant s

Torque N m

Velocity u, v m s1

Volume V m3

Wavelength m

Wave number k m1

Weight W N

Work W J

Work function , W J

Young’s modulus E, Y Pa, N m2

31

960 PHYSICS

Values of constants

Acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s2

Avogadro’s constant NA = 6.02 1023

mol1

Boltzmann’s constant k, kB = 1.38 1023

J K1

Gravitational constant G = 6.67 1011

N m2

kg2

Magnitude of electronic charge e = 1.60 1019

C

Mass of the Earth ME = 5.97 1024

kg

Mass of the Sun MS = 1.99 1030

kg

Molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K1 mol

1

Permeability of free space 0 = 4 107 H m

1

Permittivity of free space 0 = 8.85 1012

F m1

=

19mF10

36

1

Planck’s constant h = 6.63 1034

J s

Radius of the Earth RE = 6.38 106 m

Radius of the Sun RS = 6.96 108 m

Rest mass of electron me = 9.11 1031

kg

Rest mass of proton mp = 1.67 1027

kg

Speed of light in free space c = 3.00 108 m s

1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 108 W m

2 K

4

Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 1027

kg

32

Reference Books

Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other

reference books such as those listed below.

1. Adam, S. and Allday, J., 2000. Advanced Physics. New York: Oxford.

2. Breithaupt, J., 2000. Understanding Physics for Advanced Level. 4th edition. Cheltenham:

Nelson Thornes.

3. Duncan, T., 2000. Advanced Physics. 5th edition. London: John Murray.

4. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. 4th edition.

New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

5. Giancoli, D.C., 2008. Physics-Principles with Application. 6th edition. New Jersey: Pearson

Prentice Hall.

6. Halliday, D., Resnick, R., and Walker, J., 2008. Fundamentals of Physics. 8th edition. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

7. Hutchings, R., 2000. Physics. 2nd edition. London: Nelson Thornes.

8. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2006. Serway’s Principles of Physics. 4th edition. California:

Thomson Brooks/Cole.

9. Jewett Jr, J.W. and Serway, R.A., 2008. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 7th edition.

California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.

10. Nelkon, M. and Parker, P., 1995. Advanced Level Physics. 7th edition. Oxford: Heinemann.

11. Young, H.D. and Freedman, R.A., 2011. University Physics with Modern Physics. 13th edition.

California: Pearson Addison Wesley.

33

SPECIMEN PAPER

960/1 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.

(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)

© Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia

STPM 960/1

For examiner’s use

(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE

TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided. Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.

Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

Ple

ase

tea

r off

alo

ng t

he

per

fora

ted l

ine.

(Sil

a k

oya

kkan d

i se

panja

ng g

ari

s putu

s-putu

s in

i.)

Arahan kepada calon:

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA DIBENARKAN BERBUAT

DEMIKIAN. Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.

Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

34

BLANK PAGE

960/1

35

HALAMAN KOSONG

960/1

36

Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which formula does not have the same unit as work?

A Power time

B Pressure volume

C Mass gravitational potential

D Specific heat capacity temperature

2 A ball is thrown upwards several times with the same speed at different angles of projection.

Which graph shows the variation of the horizontal range R with the angle of projection ?

3 A body with mass 6 kg is acted by a force F which varies with time t as shown in the graph

below.

If the change of the momentum of the body after time T is 30 N s, what is the value of T ?

A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s

960/1

10

T t/s

F/N

0

C D

37

Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Rumus yang manakah yang tidak mempunyai unit yang sama dengan kerja?

A Kuasa masa

B Tekanan isi padu

C Jisim keupayaan graviti

D Muatan haba tentu suhu

2 Sebiji bola dilontarkan ke atas beberapa kali dengan laju yang sama pada sudut pelontaran yang

berbeza. Graf yang manakah yang menunjukkan ubahan julat mengufuk R dengan sudut pelontaran

?

3 Satu jasad dengan jisim 6 kg ditindakkan oleh satu daya F yang berubah dengan masa t

ditunjukkan dalam graf di bawah.

Jika perubahan momentum jasad itu selepas masa T ialah 30 N s, berapakah nilai T ?

A 3 s B 5 s C 6 s D 12 s

960/1

C D

10

T t/s

F/N

0

38

4 Which statement is true of the static friction between two surfaces?

A It is always constant.

B It depends on the surface area.

C It depends on the nature of the surfaces.

D It is always smaller than the kinetic friction.

5 A car of mass m with effective power P and initial velocity u climbs a hill of height h. The car

arrives at the peak of the hill at velocity v in time t. Which is true of the motion?

A mghmvmuPt 22

2

1

2

1

B mghmumvPt 22

2

1

2

1

C 22

2

1

2

1mvmumghPt

D 22

2

1

2

1mumvmghPt

6 A car of mass 1000 kg moves along the corner of a level road having a radius of curvature 35.0 m.

If the limiting frictional force between the tyres and the road is 4.0 kN, the maximum speed of the car

without skidding at the corner is

A 4.0 m s1 B 8.8 m s

1 C 11.8 m s

1 D 140.0 m s

1

7 If the gravitational field strength at a certain region is uniform,

A there is no work done on a mass displaced in that region

B the gravitational potential is the same at all points in that region

C the gravitational force on a mass is the same at all points in that region

D the gravitational potential energy is the same for all masses at all points in that region

8 A ladder PQ with the centre of mass R resting on a wall QS is shown in the diagram below.

If the ladder is in equilibrium and the resultant forces at P and Q are FP and FQ respectively, FP

and FQ must act through point

A R B S C T D U

960/1

R

P S

U

T

Q

39

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang geseran statik antara dua permukaan?

A Ia sentiasa malar.

B Ia bergantung kepada luas permukaan itu.

C Ia bergantung kepada sifat permukaan itu.

D Ia sentiasa lebih kecil daripada geseran kinetik.

5 Sebuah kereta berjisim m dengan kuasa berkesan P dan halaju awal u mendaki sebuah bukit

setinggi h. Kereta itu tiba di puncak bukit pada halaju v dalam masa t. Yang manakah yang benar

tentang gerakan itu?

A mghmvmuPt 22

2

1

2

1

B mghmumvPt 22

2

1

2

1

C 22

2

1

2

1mvmumghPt

D 22

2

1

2

1mumvmghPt

6 Sebuah kereta berjisim 1000 kg bergerak melalui satu selekoh jalan raya yang rata yang

mempunyai jejari kelengkungan 35.0 m. Jika had daya geseran antara tayar dengan jalan raya ialah

4.0 kN, laju maksimum tanpa tergelincir kereta pada selekoh itu ialah

A 4.0 m s1 B 8.8 m s

1 C 11.8 m s

1 D 140.0 m s

1

7 Jika kekuatan medan graviti di suatu kawasan adalah seragam,

A tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas jisim yang tersesar di kawasan itu

B keupayaan graviti adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu

C daya graviti ke atas jisim adalah sama di semua titik di kawasan itu

D tenaga keupayaan graviti adalah sama bagi semua jisim di semua titik di kawasan itu

8 Satu tangga PQ dengan pusat jisim R yang bersandar pada dinding QS ditunjukkan dalam gambar

rajah di bawah.

Jika tangga itu berada dalam keseimbangan dan daya paduan di P dan Q masing-masing ialah FP

dan FQ, FP dan FQ mesti bertindak melalui titik

A R B S C T D U

960/1

R

P S

U

T

Q

40

9 Which of the following best shows the stiffness of a solid?

A Young’s modulus

B Elastic limit

C Yield point

D Tensile strength

10 The temperature of two moles of a diatomic gas is raised by 8.0 C from room temperature. The

increase in the internal energy of the gas is

A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 10

2 J C 7.0 × 10

3 J D 1.2 × 10

4 J

11 The ratio of the molar heat capacity of an ideal gas is 1.4. What is the number of degrees of

freedom of the gas?

A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7

12 Molar heat capacity at constant pressure differs from molar heat capacity at constant volume

because

A the internal energy of the gas is higher at constant pressure

B extra heat is required to expand the gas at constant pressure

C extra heat is required to increase the degree of freedom of the gas at constant volume

D work is required to overcome the attractive force between molecules which is stronger at

constant pressure

13 An ideal gas in a cylinder is compressed isothermally. Which statement is true of the gas?

A No work is done on the gas.

B Heat is released from the gas.

C The internal energy of the gas increases.

D The potential energy of the gas molecules increases.

960/1

41

9 Yang manakah yang paling baik menunjukkan kekakuan suatu pepejal?

A Modulus Young’s

B Had kenyal

C Titik alah

D Kekuatan tegangan

10 Suhu dua mol gas dwiatom dinaikkan sebanyak 8.0 C dari suhu bilik. Pertambahan tenaga dalam

bagi gas itu ialah

A 2.0 × 102 J B 3.3 × 10

2 J C 7.0 × 10

3 J D 1.2 × 10

4 J

11 Nisbah muatan haba molar suatu gas unggul ialah 1.4. Berapakah bilangan darjah kebebasan gas

itu?

A 3 B 5 C 6 D 7

12 Muatan haba molar pada tekanan malar berbeza daripada muatan haba molar pada isi padu molar

kerana

A tenaga dalam suatu gas adalah lebih tinggi pada tekanan malar

B haba tambahan diperlukan untuk mengembangkan gas pada tekanan malar

C haba tambahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan darjah kebebasan gas pada isi padu malar

D kerja diperlukan untuk mengatasi daya tarikan antara molekul yang lebih kuat pada tekanan

malar

13 Suatu gas unggul dalam satu silinder dimampatkan secara isoterma. Penyataan yang manakah

yang benar tentang gas itu?

A Tiada kerja dilakukan ke atas gas.

B Haba dibebaskan daripada gas.

C Tenaga dalam gas itu meningkat.

D Tenaga keupayaan molekul gas meningkat.

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42

14 Two perfectly insulated uniform rods R and S of the same material joined thermally is shown in

the diagram below.

The length of rod R is two times the length of rod S. The cross-sectional area of rod R is half the

cross-sectional area of rod S. If the free ends of R and S are fixed at 100 C and 50 C respectively,

what is the temperature at the junction of rod R and rod S?

A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C

15 The Sun continuously radiates energy into space, some of which is received by the Earth. The

average temperature on the surface of the Earth remains at about 300 K because

A the Earth reflects the Sun’s light

B the thermal conductivity of the Earth is low

C the Earth radiates an amount of energy into space equal to the amount it absorbed

D the energy only raises the temperature of the upper atmosphere and never reaches the

surface

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Insulator

Insulator

R 100 C 50 C S

43

14 Dua rod seragam R dan S yang bertebat dengan sempurna daripada bahan yang sama disambung

secara terma ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Panjang rod R adalah dua kali panjang rod S. Luas keratan rentas rod R adalah setengah luas

keratan rentas rod S. Jika hujung bebas R dan S masing-masing ditetapkan pada 100 C and 50 C,

berapakah suhu pada simpang rod R dan rod S?

A 55 C B 60 C C 75 C D 90 C

15 Matahari secara berterusan menyinarkan tenaga ke dalam angkasa, sebahagian daripadanya

diterima oleh Bumi. Purata suhu pada permukaan Bumi kekal pada 300 K kerana

A Bumi memantulkan cahaya Matahari

B kekonduksian terma Bumi adalah rendah

C Bumi menyinarkan amaun tenaga yang sama dengan amaun tenaga yang diserapnya ke dalam

angkasa

D tenaga hanya meningkatkan suhu atmosfera atas dan tidak pernah sampai ke permukaan

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Penebat

Penebat

R 100 C 50 C S

44

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45

HALAMAN KOSONG

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46

Section B [15 marks]


16 A wire with cross-sectional area 0.50 mm2 and length 20.0 cm is pulled at both ends by a force of

55 N as shown in the diagram below.

(a) Determine the stress in the wire. [2 marks]

(b) If the extension is 0.40 cm, calculate the strain in the wire. [2 marks]

(c) Determine the Young’s modulus of the wire. [2 marks]

(d) Calculate the strain energy stored in the wire. [2 marks]

17 (a) State two assumptions of an ideal gas. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State two physical conditions under which a gas behave as an ideal gas. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) A 0.035 m3 gas tank contains 7.0 kg of butane gas. Assuming that the gas behaves as an ideal

gas, calculate its pressure at 27 C. [3 marks]

[The molecular mass of butane is 58 g mol–1

.]

960/1

F = 55 N F = 55 N Wire

47

Bahagian B [15 markah]


16 Satu dawai dengan luas kerata rentas 0.50 mm2 dan panjang 20.0 cm ditarik di kedua-dua hujung

oleh satu daya 55 N seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

(a) Tentukan tegasan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]

(b) Jika pemanjangan ialah 0.40 cm, hitung terikan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]

(c) Tentukan modulus Young dawai itu. [2 markah]

(d) Hitung tenaga terikan yang tersimpan dalam dawai itu. [2 markah]

17 (a) Nyatakan dua anggapan suatu gas unggul. [2 markah]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Nyatakan dua syarat fizikal yang mana satu gas bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul.

[2 markah]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Sebuah tangki gas 0.035 m3 mengandungi 7.0 kg gas butana. Andaikan bahawa gas itu

bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul, hitung tekanannya pada 27 C. [3 markah]

[Jisim molekul butana ialah 58 g mol–1

.]

960/1

F = 55 N F = 55 N Dawai

Sil

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49

HALAMAN KOSONG

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50

Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) (i) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum. [2 marks]

(ii) In a perfect elastic collision, the total kinetic energy is conserved. Discuss a case where

the total kinetic energy is lost completely after a collision between two objects. [2 marks]

(b) An object of mass M is moving with velocity u, and collides elastically with another object of

mass m at rest. After the collision, M and m move with velocities v1 and v2 respectively.

(i) Write the equations to show the conservation of the kinetic energy and the conservation

of the linear momentum. [2 marks]

(ii) Using the equations in (b)(i), obtain a relationship between u, v1 and v2. [3 marks]

(iii) Determine the condition required for the object of mass M to stop after the collision.

[3 marks]

(iv) If M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g and u = 8.0 m s–1

, calculate the percentage change in kinetic

energy of the object of mass M after the collision. [3 marks]

19 (a) (i) State Newton’s law of universal gravitation. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain why the force of gravity of the Earth on an object causes the object to

accelerate towards the Earth. [2 marks]

(b) The weight of a satellite in a circular orbit around the Earth is half of its weight on the surface

of the Earth. The mass of the satellite is 8.0 102 kg.

(i) Determine the altitude of the orbit. [3 marks]

(ii) Determine the speed of the satellite. [2 marks]

(iii) Determine the minimum energy required by the satellite to escape from its orbit to

space. [3 marks]

(iv) If the satellite is replaced with another satellite of mass 1.6 103 kg, state the effect on

your answers for (i), (ii) and (iii). . [3 marks]

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51

Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip keabadian momentum linear. [2 markah]

(ii) Dalam satu perlanggaran elastik yang sempurna, jumlah tenaga kinetik diabadikan.

Bincangkan satu kes dengan jumlah tenaga kinetik hilang sepenuhnya selepas perlanggaran antara dua

objek. [2 markah]

(b) Satu objek berjisim M bergerak dengan halaju u, dan berlanggar secara elastik dengan objek

lain berjisim m yang berada dalam keadaan rehat. Selepas perlanggaran, M dan m bergerak masing-

masing dengan halaju v1 dan v2.

(i) Tuliskan persamaan untuk menunjukkan keabadian tenaga kinetik dan keabadian

momentum linear. [2 markah]

(ii) Dengan menggunakan persamaan dalam (b)(i), dapatkan satu perhubungan antara u, v1,

dan v2. [3 markah]

(iii) Tentukan syarat yang diperlukan bagi objek berjisim M itu untuk berhenti selepas

perlanggaran. [3 markah]

(iv) Jika M = 40.0 g, m = 60.0 g, dan u = 8.0 m s–1

, hitung peratusan perubahan tenaga

kinetik objek berjisim M itu selepas perlanggaran. [3 markah]

19 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum kegravitian semesta Newton. [2 markah]

(ii) Jelaskan mengapa daya graviti Bumi pada satu objek menyebabkan objek itu memecut

ke arah Bumi. [2 markah]

(b) Berat satu satelit dalam satu orbit bulat yang mengelilingi Bumi ialah setengah daripada

beratnya pada permukaan Bumi. Jisim satelit itu ialah 8.0 102 kg.

(i) Tentukan altitud orbit itu. [3 markah]

(ii) Tentukan laju satelit itu. [2 markah]

(iii) Tentukan tenaga minimum yang diperlukan oleh satelit untuk terlepas dari orbitnya ke

angkasa. [3 markah]

(iv) Jika satelit itu digantikan dengan satelit yang lain berjisim 1.6 103 kg, nyatakan kesan

pada jawapan anda dalam (i), (ii), dan (iii). [3 markah]

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52

20 (a) (i) State the first law of thermodynamics. [2 marks]

(ii) Using the first law of thermodynamics, explain the changes due to the work done in an

isothermal expansion and an adiabatic expansion for an ideal gas. [5 marks]

(b) A pump which is used to compress air into a big tank is shown in the diagram below.

Initially the air in the pump is at atmospheric pressure 1.01 × 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. The

pump has a uniform cylindrical space of length 0.300 m, and the valve opens when the air in the pump

exceeds a pressure of 6.25 × 105 Pa. Assuming that the compression is adiabatic and that the air

behaves as a diatomic ideal gas,

(i) determine the distance for which the piston moves before the air starts to enter the tank,

[4 marks]

(ii) determine the temperature of the compressed air, [2 marks]

(iii) determine the work done by the pump to fill 50.0 mol of air into the tank. [2 marks]

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0.300 m

Valve Piston To tank

53

20 (a) (i) Nyatakan hukum termodinamik pertama. [2 markah]

(ii) Dengan menggunakan hukum termodinamik pertama, jelaskan perubahan yang

disebabkan oleh kerja yang dilakukan dalam pengembangan isoterma dan pengembangan adiabatik

bagi satu gas unggul. [5 markah]

(b) Satu pam yang digunakan untuk memampatkan udara ke dalam satu tangki besar ditunjukkan

dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Pada awalnya udara di dalam pam ialah pada tekanan atmosfera 1.01 × 105 Pa dan suhu 300 K.

Pam itu mempunyai ruang silinder yang seragam dengan panjang 0.300 m, dan injap terbuka apabila

udara di dalam pam melebihi tekanan 6.25 × 105 Pa. Andaikan bahawa mampatan itu ialah mampatan

adiabatik dan udaranya bertindak sebagai satu gas unggul dwiatom,

(i) tentukan jarak pada ketika piston bergerak sebelum udara mula memasuki tangki,

[4 markah]

(ii) tentukan suhu udara yang termampat, [2 markah]

(iii) tentukan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pam untuk memenuhkan 50.0 mol udara ke dalam

tangki itu. [2 markah]

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0.300 m

Injap Piston Ke tangki

54

Values of constants

(Nilai Pemalar)

Acceleration of free fall (Pecutan jatuh bebas) g = 9.81 m s

2

Avogadro constant (Pemalar Avogadro) NA = 6.02 1023

mol1

Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Boltzmann) k, kB = 1.38 1023

J K1

Gravitational constant (Pemalar graviti) G = 6.67 1011

N m2 kg

2

Magnitude of electronic

charge

(Magnitud cas elektron) e = 1.60 1019

C

Mass of the Earth (Jisim Bumi) ME = 5.97 1024

kg

Mass of the Sun (Jisim Matahari) MS = 1.99 1030

kg

Molar gas constant (Pemalar gas molar) R = 8.31 J K1 mol

1

Permeability of free space (Ketelapan ruang bebas) 0μ

= 4 107 H m

1

Permittivity of free space (Ketelusan ruang bebas) 0ε

= 8.85 1012

F m1

= 19

mF1036

1

Planck’s constant (Pemalar Planck) h = 6.63 1034

J s

Radius of the Earth (Jejari Bumi) RE = 6.38 106 m

Radius of the Sun (Jejari Matahari) RS = 6.96 108 m

Rest mass of electron (Jisim rehat elektron) em

= 9.11 1031

kg

Rest mass of proton (Jisim rehat proton) pm = 1.67 10

27 kg

Speed of light in free space (Laju cahaya dalam ruang bebas) c = 3.00 108 m s

1

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Pemalar Stefan-Boltzmann) =

5.67 108 W m

2 K

4

Unified atomic mass unit (Unit jisim atom bersatu) u = 1.66 1027

kg

960/1

Identity card number:………………………….. Centre number/index number:……………………….

(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

55

SPECIMEN PAPER

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PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)







STPM 960/2


(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)



TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks will not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be

shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in

numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C.

Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper. Answers may be written in either English or Bahasa Malaysia.

Ple

ase

tea

r off

alo

ng t

he

per

fora

ted l

ine.

(Sil

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DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan.

Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan.

Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah

ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C.

Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini. Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.

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HALAMAN KOSONG

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58



1 A Gaussian surface encloses a charge of 2.0 C in vacuum. What is the electric flux through the

surface?

A 1.8 × 1017

V m

B 4.4 × 106

V m

C 1.8 × 104

V m

D 2.3 × 105

V m

2 Which statement is not true of an isolated charged conducting sphere?

A Electric field exists inside the conductor.

B The potential in the conductor is constant.

C The charge distribution on the conductor is uniform.

D The charge is distributed only on the surface of the conductor.

3 The space between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor needs to be completely filled by a

dielectric material to increase its capacitance. Which will give the highest capacitance?

Dielectric material Permittivity Thickness

A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm

B Quartz 3 0 0.8 mm

C Glass 4 0 1.0 mm

D Mica 5 0 1.2 mm

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59



1 Satu permukaan Gauss mengurungi cas 2.0 C dalam vakum. Berapakah fluks elektrik menerusi

permukaan itu?

A 1.8 × 1017

V m

B 4.4 × 106

V m

C 1.8 × 104

V m

D 2.3 × 105

V m

2 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang cas terpencil sfera pengkonduksi?

A Medan elektrik wujud di dalam konduktor.

B Keupayaan di dalam konduktor adalah malar.

C Taburan cas pada konduktor adalah seragam.

D Cas ditaburkan hanya pada permukaan konduktor.

3 Ruang di antara plat-plat satu kapasitor plat selari perlu dipenuhkan selengkapnya dengan bahan

dielektrik untuk meningkatkan nilai kapasitans. Yang manakah yang akan memberikan kapasitans

yang paling tinggi?

Bahan dielektrik Ketelusan Ketebalan

A Teflon 2 0 0.4 mm

B Kuartz 3 0 0.8 mm

C Kaca 4 0 1.0 mm

D Mika 5 0 1.2 mm

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60

4 A switch S connected to terminal 1 at time t = 0 is shown in the circuit diagram below.

When the voltmeter reading has reached V0 at time t = T, the switch S is flipped to terminal 2.

Which graph shows the correct variation of voltmeter reading V with time t?

5 The equation which relates the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor with other

quantities is 2

,ne t

m where n, e and m are symbols with the usual meaning. t in the equation

represents

A the thickness of the conductor

B the mean distance between adjacent atoms in the conductor

C the mean time between the collisions of free electrons with lattice ions

D the mean time for a free electron to move from one end to the other end of the conductor

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S S

61

4 Satu suis S yang disambungkan ke terminal 1 pada masa t = 0 ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah

litar di bawah.

Apabila bacaan voltmeter telah mencapai V0 pada masa t = T, suis S ditukar ke terminal 2. Graf

yang manakah yang menunjukkan dengan betul ubahan bacaan voltmeter V dengan masa t?

5 Persamaan yang mengaitkan kekonduksian elektrik bahan suatu konduktor dengan kuantiti-

kuantiti lain ialah 2

,ne t

m dengan n, e, dan m adalah simbol yang membawa makna yang biasa. t

dalam persamaan itu mewakili

A ketebalan konduktor itu

B min jarak antara atom-atom bersebelahan dalam konduktor itu

C min masa antara perlanggaran elektron bebas dengan ion kekisi

D min masa bagi satu elektron bebas untuk bergerak dari satu hujung konduktor ke hujung yang

lain

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S

62

6 When a potential difference V is applied across two ends of a copper wire with diameter d and

length L, the drift velocity of the electrons is v. If a copper wire of diameter 2

d and length

4

L with

potential difference of 2V applied across the two ends, the drift velocity, in terms of v, is

A v B 2v C 4v D 8v

7 A cell of e.m.f. ε connected to three identical bulbs R, S and T and a rheostat XY is shown in the

circuit diagram below.

If the contact P of the rheostat is adjusted towards Y, which statement is true of the changes in the

brightness of the three bulbs?

A R, S and T become brighter.

B R and T become brighter, but S becomes dimmer.

C R becomes brighter, but S and T become dimmer.

D R and S become brighter, but T becomes dimmer.

8 A potentiometer with a 100 cm wire XY is shown in the circuit diagram below.

E is a dry cell of e.m.f. 1.5 V and internal resistance 0.50 . R is a resistor of 2.0 . When switch

K is open, the balance point P from X is 75 cm. When switch K is closed, the new balance point from

X is

A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm

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ε S

R

P X

Y

T

X P

Y

K

63

6 Apabila beza keupayaan V dikenakan merentas dua hujung satu dawai kuprum dengan garis pusat

d dan panjang L, halaju hanyut elektron ialah v. Jika satu dawai kuprum bergaris pusat 2

ddan panjang

4

L dengan beza keupayaan 2V dikenakan merentas dua hujung, halaju hanyut, dalam sebutan v, ialah

A v B 2v C 4v D 8v

7 Satu sel dengan d.g.e ε disambungkan ke tiga mentol R, S, dan T yang seiras dan satu reostat XY

ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.

Jika sesentuh P reostat dilaraskan ke arah Y, penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang

perubahan kecerahan tiga mentol itu?

A R, S, dan T menjadi lebih cerah.

B R dan T menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S menjadi malap.

C R menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi S dan T menjadi malap.

D R dan S menjadi lebih cerah, tetapi T menjadi malap.

8 Satu potentiometer dengan 100 cm dawai XY ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar di bawah.

E ialah sel kering dengan d.g.e. 1.5 V dan rintangan dalam 0.50 . R ialah perintang 2.0 .

Apabila suis K dibuka, titik seimbang P daripada X ialah 75 cm. Apabila suis K ditutup, titik

seimbang daripada X yang baharu ialah

A 30 cm B 40 cm C 60 cm D 75 cm

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ε S

R

P X

Y

T

X P

Y

K

64

9 An electron moves into a uniform magnetic field with a certain velocity. If the velocity of the

electron is in the same direction as the magnetic field,

A the electron accelerates

B the electron decelerates

C the electron continues to move with its original velocity

D the electron is deflected and moves in a circle at constant speed

10 Four parallel wires passing through the four vertices of a square WXYZ is shown in the diagram

below.

These wires carry currents of equal magnitude in the directions shown. The resultant magnetic

field at the centre O of the square is in the direction of

A OM

B ON

C OP

D OQ

11 Which statement is true of Hall effect?

A The Hall voltage for ordinary metal is a few volts.

B Hall effect can be used to determine the type of charge carrier.

C The Hall voltage is not dependent on the dimensions of the material.

D The electric force by the Hall voltage on the charge carriers exceeds the magnetic force.

12 A circular coil is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Which quantity does not influence the

magnitude of the charge flow in the coil when the coil is pulled out from the magnetic field?

A Area of the coil

B Resistance of the coil

C Magnetic flux density

D The time taken to pull the coil out from the magnetic field

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P

W M X

Q O

Z N Y

65

9 Satu elektron bergerak masuk ke dalam medan magnet seragam dengan satu halaju tertentu. Jika

halaju elektron itu adalah searah dengan medan magnet,

A elektron itu memecut

B elektron itu nyahpecutan

C elektron itu terus bergerak dengan halaju asal

D elektron itu dipesongkan dan bergerak dalam satu bulatan dengan laju malar

10 Empat dawai selari yang melalui empat bucu satu segi empat sama WXYZ ditunjukkan dalam

gambar rajah di bawah.

Dawai-dawai ini membawa arus yang sama magnitudnya mengikut arah yang ditunjukkan.

Medan magnet paduan di pusat O segi empat itu ialah dalam arah

A OM

B ON

C OP

D OQ

11 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang kesan Hall?

A Voltan Hall pada logam biasa ialah beberapa volt.

B Kesan Hall dapat digunakan untuk menentukan jenis pembawa cas.

C Voltan Hall tidak bergantung pada dimensi sesuatu bahan.

D Daya elektrik oleh voltan Hall pada pembawa cas melebihi daya magnet.

12 Satu gegelung bulat diletakkan dalam medan magnet seragam. Kuantiti yang manakah yang tidak

mempengaruhi magnitud aliran cas dalam gegelung apabila gegelung itu ditarik keluar dari medan

magnet?

A Luas gegelung

B Rintangan gegelung

C Ketumpatan fluks magnet

D Masa yang diambil untuk menarik gegelung keluar dari medan magnet

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P

W M X

Q O

Z N Y

66

13 The mutual inductance M between two coils is defined by Q

PM . What do P and Q represent?

P Q

A E.m.f. induced in primary coil Rate of change of current in secondary coil

B E.m.f. induced in secondary coil Rate of change of current in primary coil

C Potential difference across primary coil Potential difference across secondary coil

D Potential difference across secondary coil Potential difference across primary coil

14 An alternating current I which flows through a 5 resistor is given by I = 2 sin (50t), where I is

in amperes and t in seconds. The mean power dissipated in the resistor is

A 5 W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W

15 An R-C circuit is shown in the diagram below.

The r.m.s. voltage across R and C are 10 V and 7 V respectively. What is the r.m.s. voltage of the

source?

A 3 V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V

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R C

67

13 Induktan saling M antara dua gegelung ditakrifkan sebagai Q

PM . Apakah yang mewakili P

dan Q?

P Q

A D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung primer Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung

sekunder

B D.g.e. teraruh dalam gegelung sekunder Kadar perubahan arus dalam gegelung

primer

C Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung

sekunder

D Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung sekunder Beza keupayaan merentas gegelung primer

14 Arus ulang-alik I yang mengalir melalui satu perintang 5 diberikan sebagai I = 2 sin (50t),

dengan I dalam ampere dan t dalam saat. Min kuasa yang terlesap dalam perintang ialah

A 5 W B 10 W C 20 W D 50 W

15 Satu litar R-C ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Voltan p.m.k.d. merentas R dan C ialah masing-masing 10 V dan 7 V. Berapakah voltan p.m.k.d.

sumber itu?

A 3 V B 12 V C 17 V D 24 V

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16 Two thin conducting plates have an area of 0.50 m2

each. They are placed parallel to each other

and 25 mm apart. One plate is maintained at +75 V while the other at –75 V by a d.c. supply.

(a) Define capacitance of a capacitor. [1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Determine the amount of charge stored on each plate. [4 marks]

(c) Calculate the energy stored in the electric field between the plates. [2 marks]

17 (a) State Kirchhoff’s laws. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Cell X of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal resistance 1.0 and cell Y of e.m.f. 3.0 V with internal

resistance 2.0 are connected as shown in the circuit diagram below.

(i) Calculate current I1 and I2. [4 marks]

(ii) Determine the potential different between P and Q. [2 marks]

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Q

I1 I2

X Y

I

3.0

71



16 Dua plat pengkonduksi nipis tiap-tiap satu mempunyai luas 0.50 m2. Plat-plat itu diletakkan selari

antara satu sama lain dan terpisah sejauh 25 mm. Satu plat dikekalkan pada +75 V manakala plat

yang satu lagi pada –75 V oleh satu bekalan a.t.

(a) Takrifkan kapasitans satu kapasitor. [1 markah]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Tentukan amaun cas yang tersimpan pada setiap plat. [4 markah]

(c) Hitung tenaga yang tersimpan dalam medan elektrik di antara plat-plat itu. [2 markah]

17 (a) Nyatakan hukum Kirchhoff. [2 markah]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Sel X mempunyai d.g.e. 3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 1.0 dan sel Y mempunyai d.g.e.

3.0 V dengan rintangan dalam 2.0 disambungkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah litar

di bawah.

(i) Hitung arus I1 dan I2. [4 markah]

(ii) Tentukan beza keupayaan antara P dengan Q. [2 markah]

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Q

I1 I2

X Y

I

3.0

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18 (a) Two fixed spherical conductors X and Y which is separated by a distance of 0.50 m is shown

in the diagram below.

Conductor X has a radius 0.15 cm and charge +3.0 C. Conductor Y has a radius of 0.30 cm and

charge –2.0 C.

(i) Calculate the force between the two spheres. [3 marks]

(ii) The two spheres are then connected with a thin wire. The wire is then removed from

the spheres. Calculate the charge on each sphere. [5 marks]

(b) (i) Using Gauss’s law, explain why a person inside a hollow metallic sphere of radius R

maintained at a high electric potential does not experience an electric shock. [4 marks]

(ii) Sketch a graph of electric field E against distance r for r < R and r > R for the situation

in (b)(i). [4 marks]

19 (a) Explain microscopically why

(i) metal becomes hot when an electric current flows through it, [2 marks]

(ii) the resistivity of a metal increases while the resistivity of a semiconductor decreases

when the temperature rises. [4 marks]

(b) A current of 5.0 A flows in a wire of length 1.50 m and cross-sectional area 1.2 mm2. The

potential difference is 6.0 V.

(i) Determine the power dissipated in the wire. [3 marks]

(ii) Determine the drift velocity of free electrons if the electron density is

1.5 × 1028

m–3

. [3 marks]

(iii) Calculate the force experienced by a free electron if all the power dissipated in the wire

is used to drift the free electrons. [3 marks]

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0.50 m

+3.0 C –2.0 C

X Y

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18 (a) Dua konduktor sfera yang ditetapkan X dan Y yang dipisahkan oleh satu jarak 0.50 m

ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Konduktor X mempunyai jejari 0.15 cm dan cas +3.0 C. Konduktor Y mempunyai jejari 0.30

cm dan cas –2.0 C.

(i) Hitung daya di antara dua sfera itu. [3 markah]

(ii) Dua sfera itu kemudiannya dihubungkan dengan satu dawai nipis. Dawai itu

kemudiannya ditanggalkan dari sfera-sfera itu. Hitung cas pada setiap sfera. [5 markah]

(b) (i) Dengan menggunakan hukum Gauss, jelaskan mengapa seseorang di dalam satu sfera

logam lompang berjejari R dikekalkan pada suatu keupayaan elektrik yang tinggi tidak mengalami

renjatan elektrik. [4 markah]

(ii) Lakar satu graf medan elektrik E lawan jarak r untuk r < R dan r > R bagi situasi dalam

(b)(i). [4 markah]

19 (a) Jelaskan secara mikroskopik mengapa

(i) logam menjadi panas apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya, [2 markah]

(ii) kerintangan satu logam bertambah manakala kerintangan satu semikonduktor berkurang

apabila suhu meningkat. [4 markah]

(b) Satu arus 5.0 A mengalir dalam satu dawai yang panjang 1.50 m dan luas keratan rentas

1.2 mm2. Beza keupayaan ialah 6.0 V.

(i) Tentukan kuasa terlesap dalam dawai itu. [3 markah]

(ii) Tentukan halaju hanyut elektron bebas jika ketumpatan elektron ialah 1.5 × 1028

m–3

.

[3 markah]

(iii) Hitung daya yang dialami oleh satu elektron bebas jika semua kuasa yang terlesap

dalam dawai itu digunakan untuk menghanyutkan elektron bebas itu. [3 markah]

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0.50 m

+3.0 C –2.0 C

X Y

76

20 (a) (i) Define magnetic flux density, and state its unit. [3 marks]

(ii) State two differences between the force due to electric field and the force due to

magnetic field on a charged particle. [2 marks]

(iii) State Ampere’s law, and use it to derive the magnetic field of a long straight wire.

[4 marks]

(b) A long fixed horizontal wire PQ carries current 80.0 A in the direction QP as shown in the

diagram below.

A copper wire RS of diameter 0.40 mm having the same length of PQ hanging horizontally

0.15 m below PQ on two light strings. An e.m.f. source is connected across terminals R and S. If the

density of copper is 8930 kg m3, determine the minimum current and its direction needed to flow

through RS so that the tension in the strings is zero. [6 marks]

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String 0.15 m

80.0 A 80.0 A P Q

R S

77

20 (a) (i) Takrifkan ketumpatan magnetik fluks, dan nyatakan unitnya. [3 markah]

(ii) Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara daya yang disebabkan oleh medan elektrik dengan daya

yang disebabkan oleh medan magnet pada satu zarah bercas. [2 markah]

(iii) Nyatakan hukum Ampere, dan gunakan hukum Ampere untuk terbitkan medan magnet

satu dawai lurus yang panjang. [4 markah]

(b) Satu dawai panjang mengufuk yang tetap PQ membawa arus 80.0 A dalam arah QP seperti


Satu dawai kuprum RS bergaris pusat 0.40 mm mempunyai panjang yang sama dengan PQ

tergantung secara mengufuk 0.15 m di bawah PQ pada dua tali ringan. Satu sumber d.g.e. disambung

merentas terminal R dan S. Jika ketumpatan kuprum ialah 8930 kg m3, tentukan arus minimum dan

arah yang diperlukannya untuk mengalir melalui RS supaya tegangan dalam tali adalah sifar.

[6 markah]

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Tali 0.15 m

80.0 A 80.0 A P Q

R S

78

Values of constants

(Nilai Pemalar)


2


mol1


J K1


N m2 kg

2


charge


C


kg


kg


1


= 4 107 H m

1


= 8.85 1012

F m1

= 19

mF1036

1


J s




= 9.11 1031

kg


27 kg


1


5.67 108 W m

2 K

4


kg

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SPECIMEN PAPER

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PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)







STPM 960/3


(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B

(Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

(Bahagian C)

Total

(Jumlah)



TOLD TO DO SO. There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be shown. For numerical answers, unit should be quoted wherever appropriate.

Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order.

Tear off the front page of this question paper and your answer sheets of

Section B, and tie both of them together with your answer sheets of Section C. Values of constants are provided on page in this question paper.


Ple

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DEMIKIAN.

Ada lima belas soalan dalam Bahagian A. Bagi setiap soalan, empat pilihan jawapan diberikan. Pilih satu jawapan yang betul dan tandakan jawapan itu pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan yang

dibekalkan. Baca arahan pada Borang Jawapan Aneka Pilihan itu dengan teliti. Jawab semua soalan. Markah tidak akan ditolak bagi jawapan yang salah.

Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian B. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam Bahagian C. Semua jalan kerja yang sesuai hendaklah ditunjukkan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. Mulakan

setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas jawapan yang baharu dan susun jawapan anda mengikut tertib

berangka.

Koyakkan muka hadapan kertas soalan ini dan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B, dan ikatkan

kedua-duanya bersama-sama dengan helaian jawapan anda bagi Bahagian C. Nilai pemalar dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.


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1 A particle of mass m performs a simple harmonic motion with amplitude A and frequency f. The

total energy of this simple harmonic motion is

A 2

1mA

2f 2

B 2mA2f 2

C 22mA

2f 2

D 42mA

2f 2

2 A spring-mass system experiences critical damping. Which graph represents the variation of the

displacement s with time t of the motion of the mass?

3 The oscillations of the particles between consecutive nodes of a standing wave have the same

A amplitude

B phase

C maximum velocity

D energy

4 Which statement is not true of an electromagnetic wave?

A It is a transverse wave.

B The expression for its speed is .00

C It consists of vibrations in magnetic and electric fields.

D It can be polarised.

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1 Satu zarah berjisim m melakukan gerakan harmonik ringkas dengan amplitud A dan frekuensi f.

Jumlah tenaga gerakan harmonik ringkas ini ialah

A 2

1mA

2f 2

B 2mA2f 2

C 22mA

2f 2

D 42mA

2f 2

2 Satu sistem jisim-spring mengalami pelembapan genting. Graf yang manakah yang mewakili

ubahan sesaran s dengan masa t bagi gerakan jisim itu?

3 Ayunan satu zarah antara nod berturutan satu gelombang pegun mempunyai sama

A amplitud

B fasa

C halaju maksimum

D tenaga

4 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gelombang elektromagnet?

A Merupakan gelombang melintang.

B Ungkapan bagi laju ialah .00

C Terdiri daripada getaran dalam medan magnet dan medan elektrik.

D Boleh dikutubkan.

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5 If the level of intensity of a sound is raised by 10 dB, what is the ratio of the new sound intensity

to the original sound intensity?

A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010

6 A guitar wire is 0.80 m long and of mass 5.0 g. If its frequency of fundamental mode of vibration

is 100 Hz, its tension is

A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N

7 Two thin lenses L1 and L2 which are placed coaxially at a distance 30 cm apart is shown in the

diagram below.

Each lens has a focal length of 40 cm. If the incident rays to L1 are parallel, the final image which

is produced after the rays pass through lenses L1 and L2 is

A real and located between L1 and L2

B virtual and located between L1 and L2

C real and located on the right side of L2

D virtual and located on the left side of L1

8 A concave mirror produces a virtual image at a distance 60 cm from the mirror. The height of the

image is three times the height of the object. What is the focal length of the concave mirror?

A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm

9 The resolving power of an aperture can be increased by using

A an aperture of smaller diameter

B light with higher frequency

C light with longer wavelength

D light with higher intensity

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5 Jika paras keamatan satu bunyi dinaikkan sebanyak 10 dB, berapakah nisbah keamatan bunyi

baharu itu kepada keamatan bunyi asal?

A 0.1 B 1 C 10 D 1010

6 Seutas dawai gitar panjangnya 0.80 m dan berjisim 5.0 g. Jika frekuensi getaran mod asasnya

ialah 100 Hz, tegangannya ialah

A 40 N B 128 N C 160 N D 200 N

7 Dua kanta nipis L1 and L2 yang diletakkan sepaksi pada jarak 30 cm di antara satu sama lain


Setiap kanta mempunyai jarak fokus 40 cm. Jika sinar tuju ke L1 adalah selari, imej akhir yang

terhasil selepas sinar melalui kanta L1 dan L2 adalah

A nyata dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2

B maya dan terletak di antara L1 dengan L2

C nyata dan terletak di sebelah kanan L2

D maya dan terletak di sebelah kiri L1

8 Satu cermin cekung menghasilkan satu imej maya pada jarak 60 cm dari cermin. Tinggi imej ialah

tiga kali daripada tinggi objek itu. Berapakah panjang fokus cermin cekung itu?

A 10 cm B 20 cm C 30 cm D 40 cm

9 Kuasa pembezaan jelas satu bukaan boleh ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan

A bukaan garis pusat yang lebih kecil

B cahaya dengan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi

C cahaya dengan panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang

D cahaya dengan keamatan yang lebih tinggi

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10 Which statement is not true of multimode step index optical fibres?

A The refractive index of the cladding layer is greater than that of the core index.

B The refractive index of the cladding layer is smaller than that of the core index.

C Total internal reflections occur at core-cladding boundaries.

D All wavelengths arrive at the other end of the fibre at different times.

11 When light with wavelength 300 nm incidents on the surface of a metal, photoelectrons with

maximum kinetic energy 2.0 eV are emitted from the surface of the metal. What is the maximum

wavelength for the light which can cause this emission of photoelectrons from the surface of the

metal?

A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm

12 The characteristic lines in an X-ray spectrum is caused by

A deceleration of the energetic incident electrons while they approach the target

B collision of energetic incident electrons with the target atoms

C release of energy when the target atoms undergo ionisation

D transitions of electrons between innermost shells of the target atom

13 Nanoscience is generally known as the study on systems with

A sizes less than one nanometer

B sizes from one to one hundred nanometres

C mass of one to one hundred nanograms

D interaction time of one to one hundred nanoseconds

14 The binding energy per nucleon is

A almost constant when the nucleon number is between 60 and 80

B directly proportional to the nucleon number

C maximum when the nucleon number is between 1 to 20

D maximum when the nucleon number is between 220 to 240

15 The count rate of a radioactive sample was originally 208 s–1

as recorded by a detector. Four

minutes later, the count rate had decreased to 40 s–1

. The average background count was found to be

16 s–1

. What is the half-life of the radioactive sample?

A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s

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10 Penyataan yang manakah yang tidak benar tentang gentian optik multimod indeks berperingkat?

A Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih besar daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.

B Indeks biasan lapisan salutan adalah lebih kecil daripada indeks teras lapisan salutan.

C Jumlah pesongan dalaman berlaku pada sempadan salutan teras.

D Semua panjang gelombang sampai di hujung yang lain gentian pada masa yang berbeza.

11 Apabila cahaya dengan panjang gelombang 300 nm tuju pada permukaan satu logam, fotoelektron

dengan tenaga kinetik maksimum 2.0 eV dipancarkan dari permukaan logam itu. Berapakah panjang

gelombang maksimum cahaya yang boleh menyebabkan pancaran fotoelektron ini dari permukaan

logam itu?

A 200 nm B 600 nm C 650 nm D 880 nm

12 Garis cirian dalam spektrum X-ray disebabkan oleh

A nyahpecutan elektron tuju yang bertenaga semasa menghampiri sasaran

B perlanggaran elektron tuju yang bertenaga dengan atom sasaran

C pembebasan tenaga apabila atom sasaran mengalami pengionan

D peralihan elektron di antara petala-petala yang paling dalam atom sasaran

13 Nanosains secara umumnya dikenali sebagai kajian terhadap sistem dengan

A saiz yang kurang daripada satu nanometer

B saiz daripada satu nanometer hingga seratus nanometer

C jisim satu nanogram hingga seratus nanogram

D interaksi masa satu nanosaat hingga seratus nanosaat

14 Tenaga pengikat per nukleon ialah

A hampir malar apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 60 dengan 80

B berkadar terus kepada nombor nukleon

C maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 1 hingga 20

D maksimum apabila nombor nukleon adalah di antara 220 hingga 240

15 Kadar bilang satu sampel radioaktif pada asalnya 208 s–1

seperti yang tercatat oleh satu pengesan.

Empat minit kemudian, kadar bilang telah berkurang kepada 40 s–1

. Purata kadar bilang latar belakang

didapati menjadi 16 s–1

. Berapakah setengah hayat sampel radioaktif itu?

A 30 s B 40 s C 60 s D 80 s

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16 A body of mass 2.0 kg moves in simple harmonic motion. The displacement x from the

equilibrium position at time t is given by 6.0cos0.22x t , where x is in metres and t in seconds.

(a) Determine is the amplitude and the period of the simple harmonic motion. [3 marks]

(b) Calculate the maximum acceleration of the motion. [2 marks]

(c) Calculate the kinetic energy of the body at time t = 3 seconds. [3 marks]

17 In an electron diffraction experiment, an electron beam which is accelerated on a potential

difference is incident normally on a very thin gold film. Several circular diffraction rings are seen on a

photographic film.

(a) If the voltage at the anode is increased, what happens to the circular rings? [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) If a particular ring of radius R is chosen and different values of accelerating voltage V are

recorded, sketch a graph of R against1

V. Deduce that the experiment is in agreement with de

Broglie’s hypothesis. [6 marks]

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16 Satu jasad berjisim 2.0 kg bergerak dalam gerakan harmonik ringkas. Sesaran x daripada

kedudukan keseimbangan pada masa t berikan oleh 6.0kos 0.22x t , dengan x dalam meter dan t

dalam saat.

(a) Tentukan amplitud dan tempoh gerakan harmonik ringkas itu? [3 markah]

(b) Hitung pecutan maksimum gerakan itu. [2 markah]

(c) Hitung tenaga kinetik jasad itu pada masa t = 3 saat. [3 markah]

17 Dalam satu uji kaji belauan elektron, satu alur elektron yang dipecutkan pada satu beza keupayaan

menuju secara normal pada satu filem emas yang sangat nipis. Beberapa gelang belauan bulat dilihat

pada satu filem fotograf.

(a) Jika voltan pada anod ditingkatkan, apakah yang terjadi pada gelang bulat itu? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Jika satu gelang tertentu yang berjejari R dipilih dan nilai berbeza voltan pecutan V

direkodkan, lakar graf R lawan 1

V. Deduksikan bahawa uji kaji itu bersetuju dengan hipotesis de

Broglie. [6 markah]

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18 (a) The displacement y at distance x and time t of a sound wave propagating in air can be

represented by

y = 7.5 × 104 sin (315t 1.05x),

where x and y are in metres and t in seconds.

(i) Sketch, on the same axes, graphs of y against x at times t = 0 and t = 4

T, where T is the

period of the wave. [2 marks]

(ii) Determine the velocity and the frequency of the wave. [4 marks]

(iii) Calculate the phase difference between the origin and a point 2.0 m from it. [3 marks]

(b) (i) What is meant by Doppler effect? [2 marks]

(ii) Describe the principle of Doppler radar used by the police to determine the speed of an

automobile. [4 marks]

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18 (a) Sesaran y pada jarak x dan masa t suatu gelombang bunyi yang merambat di udara boleh

diwakili oleh

y = 7.5 × 104 sin (315t 1.05x),

dengan x dan y dalam meter dan t dalam saat.

(i) Lakar, pada paksi yang sama, graf y lawan x pada masa t = 0 dan t = 4

T, dengan T kala

gelombang itu. [2 markah]

(ii) Tentukan halaju dan frekuensi gelombang itu. [4 markah]

(iii) Hitung beza fasa di antara asalan dengan satu titik 2.0 m dari asalan. [3 markah]

(b) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kesan Doppler? [2 markah]

(ii) Perihalkan prinsip radar Doppler yang digunakan oleh polis untuk menentukan laju

sesebuah kenderaan. [4 markah]

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19 (a) (i) State the principle of superposition. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain the conditions needed to obtain a well-defined interference pattern. [4 marks]

(b) The set-up for a Young’s double slit experiment is shown in the diagram below.

The fringe pattern observed has fringe separation of 1.6 mm.

(i) If a

D is 2500, calculate the wavelength of the red light that passes through the filter.

[2 marks]

(ii) A blue filter is inserted to replace the red filter. Suggest what can be done to the set-up

to obtain the fringe pattern of the same fringe separation as in (b)(i). [2 marks]

(iii) If a thin sheet of mica with refractive index 1.58 is placed in front of the upper slit,

explain the changes occurred to the fringe pattern. [2 marks]

(iv) Given that the thickness of mica in (b)(iii) is 6.64 m, calculate the shift of fringe

pattern usinga

D = 2500 and = 450 nm. [3 marks]

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a

Red

filter D

Screen

Light

source

97

19 (a) (i) Nyatakan prinsip superposisi. [2 markah]

(ii) Jelaskan syarat yang diperlukan untuk memperoleh satu corak interferen yang jelas.

[4 markah]

(b) Susunan bagi satu uji kaji dua celah Young ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

Corak pinggir yang dicerap mempunyai pemisahan pinggir 1.6 mm.

(i) Jika a

D ialah 2500, hitung panjang gelombang cahaya merah yang melepasi melalui

penapis itu. [2 markah]

(ii) Satu penapis biru dimasukkan untuk menggantikan penapis merah itu. Cadangkan

apakah yang boleh dibuat kepada susunan untuk memperoleh corak pinggir dengan pemisahan pinggir

sama seperti dalam (b)(i). [2 markah]

(iii) Jika satu keping mika yang nipis dengan indeks biasan 1.58 diletakkan di hadapan

celah atas, jelaskan perubahan yang berlaku pada corak pinggir itu. [2 markah]

(iv) Diberikan bahawa tebal mika dalam (b)(iii) ialah 6.64 m, hitung anjakan corak

pinggir menggunakan a

D = 2500 dan = 450 nm. [3 markah]

960/3

a

Penapis

merah D

Tabir

Sumber

cahaya

98

20 (a) (i) Explain nuclear fusion reaction. [2 marks]

(ii) State the conditions for nuclear fusion. [2 marks]

(b) Solar energy is produced by fusion reactions in the Sun. One of the fusion processes is known

as proton-proton cycle which involves reactions as shown below.

Reaction 1: 1

0

1

2

1

1

1

1

1 HHH Q

Reaction 2: 2

3

2

1

1

2

1 HeHH Q

Reaction 3: 311

42

32

32 H2HeHeHe Q

Q1, Q2 and Q3 are energies released.

(i) Determine Q1, in Joules, released in Reaction 1. [3 marks]

(ii) Determine the number of protons required to form a helium nucleus He42 in the above

continuous reactions. [2 marks]

(iii) Determine the total energy, in Joules, released in forming a helium nucleus He42 .

[2 marks]

(iv) The Sun radiates 4.0 1026

W at a constant rate and the total mass of protons in the Sun

is 2.0 1030

kg. Determine the approximate life span of the Sun if it radiates energy by the proton-

proton cycle reaction. [4 marks]

[Atomic mass of 1

1H is 1.00728 u, atomic mass of 21H is 2.01355 u, atomic mass of 0

1 is

0.00055 u and atomic mass of 42 He is 4.00150 u.]

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99

20 (a) (i) Jelaskan tindak balas pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]

(ii) Nyatakan syarat bagi pelakuran nuklear. [2 markah]

(b) Tenaga suria dihasilkan oleh tindak balas pelakuran dalam Matahari. Satu daripada proses

pelakuran dikenal sebagai kitar proton-proton yang melibatkan tindak balas seperti yang ditunjukkan

di bawah.

Tindak balas 1: 1

0

1

2

1

1

1

1

1 HHH Q

Tindak balas 2: 232

11

21 HeHH Q

Tindak balas 3: 311

42

32

32 H2HeHeHe Q

Q1, Q2, dan Q3 ialah tenaga yang dibebaskan.

(i) Tentukan Q1, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan oleh Tindak balas 1. [3 markah]

(ii) Tentukan nombor proton yang diperlukan untuk pembentukan satu nukleus helium

He42 dalam tindak balas selanjar di atas. [2 markah]

(iii) Tentukan jumlah tenaga, dalam Joule, yang dibebaskan dalam pembentukan satu

nukleus helium He4

2 . [2 markah]

(iv) Matahari memancarkan 4.0 1026

W pada kadar malar dan jumlah jisim proton dalam

Matahari ialah 2.0 1030

kg. Tentukan anggaran tempoh hayat Matahari jika Matahari memancarkan

tenaga melalui tindak balas kitar proton-proton. [4 markah]

[Jisim atom 1

1H ialah 1.00728 u, jisim atom 21H ialah 2.01355 u, jisim atom 0

1 ialah 0.00055 u

dan jisim atom 42 He ialah 4.00150 u.]

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100

Values of constants

(Nilai Pemalar)


2


mol1


J K1


N m2 kg

2


charge


C


kg


kg


1


= 4 107 H m

1


= 8.85 1012

F m1

= 19

mF1036

1


J s




= 9.11 1031

kg


27 kg


1


5.67 108 W m

2 K

4


kg

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101

SPECIMEN EXPERIMENT

960/4 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 4 (KERTAS 4)




STPM 960/4

STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

102

Experiment

Topic: Direct current circuit

Title: Potentiometer

Objective: To determine the internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer

Theory:

E.m.f. of the cell = .

Internal resistance of the cell = r.

With switch S1 closed while switch S2 open, obtain the balance length lo. With both S1 and S2

closed, obtain the balance length l.

Then,

o

o

1

1

11

V Ir

Vr

I

Vr

V

R

r RV

lr R

l

lr

l R

Graph of ol

l against

1

R should be linear and the gradient is r.

960/4

Dry cell

l

Accumulator S1

S1

STPM PHYSICS STUDENT’S MANUAL 20___/20___

103

Apparatus:

(i) A potentiometer

(ii) A resistor-pack

(iii) Two on-off switches

(iv) A jockey

(v) A 2 V accumulator

(vi) A 1.5 V dry cell

(vii) A centre-zero galvanometer

Procedure:

(a) With S1 closed and S2 open, determine the balance length lo.

(b) With both S1 and S2 closed, determine the balance length l for various values of R.

(c) Plot a graph of ol

l against

1

R.

(d) Calculate the internal resistance r of the cell.

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104



105

SPECIMEN PAPER

960/5 STPM

PHYSICS (FIZIK)

PAPER 5 (KERTAS 5)







STPM 960/5


(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

1

2

3

Total

(Jumlah)



TOLD TO DO SO.

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.


All working should be shown.

Numerical answers should be given to an appropriate number of

significant figures; units should be quoted where appropriate.



DEMIKIAN.

Jawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan.


Semua kerja hendaklah ditunjukkan.

Jawapan berangka hendaklah diberikan hingga bilangan anga bererti atau tempat perpuluhan

yang sesuai; unit hendaklah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai.

106

1 The rate of heat loss t

Q

d

d of a hot body at temperature to the surroundings at temperature

0 is

given by

),(d

d0kA

t

Q

where k is a constant which depends on the nature of its surface and A the surface area of the body

which is exposed to the surroundings. The rate at which thermal energy is lost from the body is given

by

tmc

t

Q

d

d

d

d,

where m is the mass of the body and c the specific heat capacity of the body. Thus

)(d

d0

mc

kA

t.

An apparatus set-up used by a student to study the rate of cooling of a body is shown in the

diagram below.

Starting with water which was nearly boiling, the student recorded the temperature of hot water

at time t for each five minute interval, with the temperature of the surroundings 0 = 27 C. Then the

student plotted a graph of against t as shown in page __.

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107

1 Kadar kehilangan haba t

Q

d

d satu jasad panas pada suhu kepada persekitaran pada suhu

0

diberikan oleh

),(d

d0kA

t

Q

dengan k pemalar yang bergantung pada sifat permukaannya dan A luas permukaan jasad yang

terdedah kepada persekitaran. Kadar kehilangan tenaga terma daripada jasad itu diberikan oleh

tmc

t

Q

d

d

d

d,

dengan m jisim jasad dan c muatan haba tentu jasad itu. Oleh itu

)(d

d0

mc

kA

t.

Susunan radas yang digunakan oleh seorang pelajar untuk mengkaji kadar penyejukan satu jasad


Bermula dengan air yang hampir mendidih, pelajar itu mencatat suhu air panas pada masa t bagi

setiap selang lima minit, dengan suhu persekitaran 0 = 27 C. Pelajar itu kemudian memplot graf

lawan t seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman __.

960/5

Termometer

Bikar

Air panas

Pengacau

Penutup kayu

Pelapik kayu

108

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109

960/5

Graf lawan t

110

(a) On the graph of against t, draw tangent lines at = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C and 80 C,

and determine the corresponding slopes td

d. Tabulate , )( 0 and

td

d. [5 marks]

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111

(a) Pada graf lawan t, lukis garis tangen pada = 40 C, 50 C, 60 C, 70 C, dan 80 C, dan

tentukan kelerengan td

dyang sepadan. Jadualkan , ( 0), dan

td

d. [5 markah]

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112

(b) Plot a graph of td

d against )( 0 . [5 marks]

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113

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(b) Plot graf 0

dlawan ( ).

dt [5 markah]

114

(c) State two precautionary measures which need to be taken so that the variation of temperature

of hot water with time t in the cooling process gives a good result. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Given that m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg1 K

1 and A = 0.1 m

2. Based on the graph of

td

d

against )( 0 , determine the value of k for the apparatus set-up. [3 marks]

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115

(c) Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil supaya ubahan suhu air panas

dengan masa t dalam proses penyejukan itu memberikan keputusan yang baik. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Diberikan m = 1.0 kg, c = 4200 J kg1 K

1, dan A = 0.1 m

2. Berdasarkan graf

td

d

lawan )( 0 , tentukan nilai k bagi susunan radas itu. [3 markah]

960/5

116

2 An apparatus set-up to determine the resistivity of a wire is shown in the diagram below.

Initially the wire of length is placed between O and P. The switch was closed and an ammeter

reading I was recorded. The jockey was then touched and slid along the wire until the original

reading I was obtained at point J. The distance x was then measured and recorded. The experiment

was repeated using different values of .

The readings of , I and x obtained are as follows.

( 0.1) cm 105 100 95 90 85

(I 0.01) A 0.72 0.74 0.80 0.82 0.84

(x 0.1) cm 64.0 63.3 55.7 52.7 51.5

The diameters D of the wire for three different measurements were recorded as 0.56 mm,

0.57 mm and 0.56 mm.

The resistivity of the wire is given byIx

ED

4

2

, where E is the e.m.f. of the dry cell.

(a) If E = 1.5 V, calculate the value of and its error without using the graphical method.

[4 marks]

(b) Describe a simple method to determine the e.m.f. of the dry cell. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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P

O J

117

2 Susunan radas untuk menentukan kerintangan seutas dawai ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah

di bawah.

Pada mulanya seutas dawai yang panjangnya ditempatkan di antara O dengan P. Suis ditutup

dan bacaan ammeter I direkodkan. Joki kemudian disentuhkan dan digelongsorkan pada dawai

tersebut sehingga bacaan I yang asal diperoleh di titik J. Jarak x kemudian diukur dan direkodkan. Uji

kaji ini diulangi dengan menggunakan nilai yang berlainan.

Bacaan , I, dan x yang diperoleh adalah seperti yang berikut.

( 0.1) cm 105 100 95 90 85

(I 0.01) A 0.72 0.74 0.80 0.82 0.84

(x 0.1) cm 64.0 63.3 55.7 52.7 51.5

Garis pusat D dawai untuk tiga pengukuran yang berlainan direkodkan sebagai 0.56 mm,

0.57 mm, dan 0.56 mm.

Kerintangan dawai tersebut diberikan sebagai Ix

ED

4

2

, dengan E sebagai d.g.e. sel kering.

(a) Jika E = 1.5 V, hitung nilai dan ralatnya tanpa menggunakan kaedah bergraf. [4 markah]

(b) Perihalkan satu kaedah ringkas untuk menentukan d.g.e. sel kering itu. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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P

O J

Akumulator Suis

Sel kering

Joki

Dawai gelongsor

118

(c) The position of J determined in this experiment is called the balance point. With the aid of a

diagram, describe another way to determine the position of J using the same apparatus and a

galvanometer. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) In this experiment, it was found that the accuracy of the experiment would increase when a

longer slide wire was used. Explain why this is the case. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Suggest two precautions which should be taken in order to increase the accuracy of the

experiment. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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119

(c) Kedudukan J yang ditentukan dalam uji kaji ini disebut titik keseimbangan. Dengan bantuan

gambar rajah, perihalkan satu cara lain untuk menentukan kedudukan J dengan menggunakan radas

yang sama dan sebuah galvanometer. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Dalam uji kaji ini, didapati bahawa kejituan uji kaji akan meningkat apabila dawai gelongsor

yang lebih panjang digunakan. Jelaskan mengapa hal ini demikian. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(e) Cadangkan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk meningkatkan kejituan uji kaji

ini. [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

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120

(f) Using the data and resistivity formula given, describe briefly the graphical method to

determine the resistivity of wire. [3 marks]

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121

(f) Dengan menggunakan data dan rumus kerintangan yang diberikan, perihalkan secara ringkas

kaedah bergraf untuk menentukan kerintangan dawai. [3 markah]

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122

3 (a) State a simple method to estimate the focal length of a convex lens. [1 mark]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) An apparatus set-up to determine the focal length of a convex lens is shown in the diagram

below. A light bulb was used as an object.

A student obtained several object distances u and the corresponding image distances v. A graph

of v against u was then plotted as shown on page . A graph of v = u was also drawn.

Determine the focal length 1f of the convex lens from the graphs. [3 marks]

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123

3 (a) Nyatakan kaedah ringkas untuk menganggar panjang fokus satu kanta cembung. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Susunan radas untuk menentukan panjang fokus satu kanta cembung ditunjukkan seperti

dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Satu mentol digunakan sebagai objek.

Seorang pelajar memperoleh beberapa jarak objek u dan jarak imej v yang sepadan. Satu graf v

lawan u kemudian diplot seperti yang ditunjukkan pada halaman . Graf v = u juga dilukis.

Tentukan panjang fokus 1f kanta cembung dari graf itu. [3 markah]

960/5

Kanta

cembung

Mentol Plastisin

Tabir

124

raph of v against u

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125

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Graf v lawan u

126

(c) A concave lens was then placed in contact with the convex lens to form a combined lens as

shown in the diagram below. The experiment was repeated.

(i) The results were recorded. Complete the table. [2 marks]

u/cm v/cm u

1/cm

1

v

1/cm

1

100.00 25.5

67.0 30.0

50.0 35.9

40.0 38.5

33.0 57.0

25.0 154.0

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127

(c) Satu kanta cekung kemudian diletakkan bersentuhan dengan kanta cembung itu untuk

membentuk satu kanta gabungan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah. Uji kaji

diulangi.

(i) Keputusan direkodkan. Lengkapkan jadual ini. [2 markah]

u/cm v/cm u

1/cm

1

v

1/cm

1

100.00 25.5

67.0 30.0

50.0 35.9

40.0 38.5

33.0 57.0

25.0 154.0

960/5

Kanta

cembung

Mentol

Plastisin

Tabir Kanta

cekung

128

(ii) Plot a graph of v

1 against

u

1, and extrapolate the line to intersect both the axes.

[3 marks]

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129

(ii) Plot graf v

1 lawan

u

1, dan ekstrapolasikan garis itu untuk memotong kedua-dua paksi.

[3 markah]

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130

(iii) Write down the value of the intercept on each axis, and determine the focal length f of

the combined lens. [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Based on your graph, state two reasons why the experiment is considered not accurate.

[2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) The focal length f of the combined lens is related to the focal length f1 of the convex lens and

the focal length f2 of the concave lens by the equation

21

111

fff.

Calculate the focal length f2 of the concave lens. [2 marks]

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131

(iii) Tulis nilai pintasan pada setiap paksi, dan tentukan panjang fokus f kanta gabungan.

[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan dua sebab mengapa uji kaji itu dianggap tidak jitu.

[2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(d) Panjang fokus f kanta gabungan dihubungkan dengan panjang fokus f1 kanta cembung dan

panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung oleh persamaan

21

111

fff.

Hitung panjang fokus f2 kanta cekung itu. [2 markah]

960/5

960 SP PhysicsB

Documents

bagi setiap soalan

nombor pusat angka giliran

pecutan jatuh bebas

nombor kad pengenalan

malaysian examinations council

arahan kepada calon

magnitud cas elektron

bagi jawapan berangka