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Historical BackgroundHistorical Background

Sociological Interaction Natural Scarcity Barter System Mercantilism New World Discovery Slavery The End of the Cold War Globalization

Reasons for WarReasons for War

List 5: 1 2 3 4 5

The Golden Arches Theory

“…no two countries that both have a McDonald’s have ever fought a war with each other before they each got their McDonald’s.”-

Thomas L. Friedman

Just or bust?

Multiple DefinitionsMultiple Definitions

Nothing new:Globalization as Global History

The Global Capitalist System Extended Internationalism Greater circulation of peoples,

goods, symbols Modern globalization Globalization as Americanization

--Globalization as a distinctly modern phenomenon

--Globalization as a distinctly modern phenomenon

This view recognizes all of the above as making essentially valid points, but…

Focuses on the particular changes taking place in the period from 1960 onward as having created a new form of “globalization” with distinctly new features

Globalization as “circuits of exchange” (people, goods, symbols, capital, microbes, knowledge…)

Should we care?Should we care?

Proud to be an American?

Proud to be an American?

The Dynamics of Contemporary Globalization

The Dynamics of Contemporary Globalization

The invention of the multi-national corporation The global shift in manufacturing A new global division of labor: blue-collar, pink

collar; outsourcing; whatever is digital can be outsourced

The effects of new technology on exchange The container ship Jet Aircraft Satellite communications and computers

Neo-liberal political regimes Regional and global trade regimes Changes in the nation-state

Dynamics (con’t)Dynamics (con’t)

The shrinking of time and space The creation of novel institutions, e.g. the inter-

net, global finance (24/7 stock markets, global currency markets)

Global Media Changes in social institutions: the family, the

status of women

Some impacts of globalization

Some impacts of globalization

New patterns of wealth creation, within nations, between nations--the new inequalities

Hyper urbanization Migration Health--emerging infectious diseases The growing importance of trans-national

organizations, e.g. WTO, WB, IMF Changing behavior and policies within nation

states The dismantling of the welfare state Restructuring: “The Washington Solution” The domination of economic issues

Contested Views of Globalization

Contested Views of Globalization

Who is inside the building and who is outside the building?

Globalization as progress Globalization as disaster Terrible Wealth Distribution Exploitation of the poor Disregard for the environment Economic profits not being funneled

back into local economies

Globalization as ProgressGlobalization as Progress

The inseparability of capital, technology and growth; THE NEW ECONOMY

Technological progress as a social good: the liberation of science; the centrality of information

Optimizing economic factors: division of labor and comparative advantage

Creating necessary capital stocks for investment Economic primacy as social value: a world of

goods Spreading/forcing democracy Creating value through trade Creation of opportunity Increase in GDP, Decrease in unemployment

Globalization as DisasterGlobalization as Disaster

Intensification of wealth inequalities The race for the bottom The evisceration of social policy by neo-

liberalism Casino capitalism in financial and stock markets Unregulated spread of technology The destruction of the local by the global-

Assimilation/ Acculturation Economic reductionism and the destruction of

value The limitations of democratic institutions Terrorism as a “produced outcome”

Implications Implications

The global organization of resistance Creation/discovery of new ways of “knowing”--

the challenges for education Testing the limits of acceptable change: e.g.

fundamentalism Redefining the state Re-associating the globe: affiliation within

globalism Re-defining citizenship and identity: democracy

as participation in meaningful ethical decisions Re-visiting crisis decision making Diplomacy v. Military

"Globalization is a "Globalization is a transition state. It is transition state. It is

illusory and potentiallyillusory and potentiallydistracting at this stage distracting at this stage

of the globalization of the globalization process only toprocess only to

concentrate on the concentrate on the 'collapsing' of time and 'collapsing' of time and

space without space without recognizingrecognizing

the diversity of human the diversity of human consciousness which consciousness which

remains" (Findlay, 1999)remains" (Findlay, 1999)

""Globalization as a Globalization as a concept refers both to concept refers both to the compression of the the compression of the

worldworldand the intensification and the intensification of consciousness of the of consciousness of the world as a whole…both world as a whole…both

thetheconcrete global concrete global

interdependence and interdependence and consciousness of the consciousness of the

global whole inglobal whole inthe twentieth century." the twentieth century."

(Robertson, 1992)(Robertson, 1992)

ThinkGlobal

Resistance Groups: Zapatistas

- Formed 15 years ago to topple the 71 year reign of the corrupt Mexican Government

- Located in

Chiapas

Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN)

The group, which is comprised of mostly Marxist farmers and herders took up arms in response to NAFTA

NAFTA was a US based international economic agreement that focused on agribusiness and financial institutions

This was seen asImperialistic

Sub-Comandante Marcos

“Ya Basta!”“Ya Basta!”

EZLN: Examples 35% of Mexico’s Coffee comes

from Chiapas 87,000 Jobs 47% National Consumption-

53% Exported (maj. US) 1 lb of coffee is sold for 8,000

pesos ($729) locals producers paid less than 25% of profit

Cattle- 400 Pesos to herders, sold for 10x that amount

Electricity- 20% of Mexico’s total is produced in Chiapas but only1/3rd of the homes have electricity

Examples can be taken from the lumber, honey, avocadoes, Cacao, and other types of production fuel the world’s non-stop consumption

Economic InequalityEconomic Inequality

70% of Chiapas live below the poverty line compared to 6% on the national Average

75% of houses have no electricity or gas

62% have no clean drinking water 85% no drainage or sewage 80% have mud floors 1.5 million in region, no medical

services- .2 clinics for every 1,000 People, .3 hospitals for every 1,000 people

.5 doctors and .4 nurses for every 1,000 people

10% infant mortality rate 54% suffer from malnutrition Curable, common illness kills 15,000

people every year 50% unemployment rate- 6 out of 10

agricultural work

Mexico’s ResponseMexico’s Response

11 million Dollar Theatre and Opera House, 1 million dollar restoration of the old theatre- Now more theatre seats per-capita than Paris or New York

First DeclarationFirst Declaration

“We are product of 500 years of struggle: first against slavery, then during the War for Independence against Spain led by insurgents, then to avoid being absorbed by North American imperialism, then to promulgate our constitution and expel the French Empire from our soil, and later the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz denied us the just application of the Reform laws and the people rebelled and leaders like Villa and Zapata emerged, poor men just like us. We have been denied the most elemental preparation so they can use us like cannon fodder and pillage the wealth of our country. They don’t care that we have nothing, absolutely nothing, not even a roof over our heads, no land, no work, no health care, no food, or education. Nor are we able to freely and democratically elect our political representatives, nor is there independence from foreigners, nor is there peace nor justice for ourselves and our children. But today, we say Enough is Enough! We are the inheritors of the true builders of our nation. The dispossessed, we are millions and we thereby call upon our brothers and sisters to join this struggle as the only path, so we will not die of hunger…”

EZLN StatementEZLN Statement

“GNP measures neither the health of our children, the quality of their education, nor the joy of their play. It measures neither the beauty of our poetry, nor the strength of our marriages. It is indifferent to the decency of our factories and the safety of our streets alike. It measures neither our wisdom nor our learning, neither our wit nor our courage, neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country. It measures everything in short, except that which makes life worth living. It can tell us everything about our country, except those things that make us proud to be a part of it.”