9 th Grade Review. Rise of Europe Resources: Forests, rivers, fertile fields, water Charlemagne: United Europe into the Frankish Empire Early European.

9th Grade Review

Rise of Europe

Resources:Forests, rivers, fertile fields, water

Charlemagne:United Europe into the Frankish Empire

Early European Life: -Feudalism and knights -Manor System -3 field rotation-Church Dominated everyday life-Guilds= economic power

The Age of Exploration

CartographersMapmakers created more accurate maps

and sea charts

AstrolabeUsed to measure angles of

the sun to find latitude

CaravelNew sail design that

allowed for sailing into the wind

New Navigation equipment promoted sea travel

MotiveItems travelling along the Silk road changed hands multiple times, increasing the price. European monarchs wanted to cut out the middle man

Spice traderMuslim

merchant to Italy

Italian Merchant to Europe

Bought by

European

$ $$

$

Notable ExplorersPrince Henry Founded the school for explorers to teach sea navigationVasco de Gamma

This Portuguese explorer was the first to round South Africa

Christopher Columbus

Italian sailor hired by the Spanish to find a Western passage to India. Found the Americas instead

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Found the Pacific Ocean by hiking through present day Panama

Ferdinand Magellan

First attempt to circumnavigate (go around) the globe. Most of the sailors died, including Magellan.

John Cabot English sailor who discovered the Northeast of North America

Establishment of colonies led to the Columbian Exchange and movement of people and goods across the hemispheres, Slave Trade, Diseases, Encomienda system

The Black DeathThe end of the known world 1347

Known as the Pestilence it was spread by fleas on Rats from the trading ports/routes

Nearly 1/3 of European society died causing drastic changes to Society…

Changes to Society-Less population= smaller work force… workers were able to demand higher wages

-Trust in the King led to the Magna Carta, limiting his power

- Traditional authorities like the Church and King were no longer trusted because they could not stop the death. Leads to the Age of Inquiry:

- Renaissance- Scientific Revolution- Enlightenment

Age of Inquiry: RenaissanceFocus shifted from the Church to Humanism, the individual

Began in the merchant centers of Italy, where wealthy families could pay for art

Gutenberg created the Printing Press making books cheaper

Leonardo Da Vinci Inventor, painter, sculptor. He examined corpses to better understand painting them

Michelangelo Sculptor, engineer, architect and poet. Used art to spite the Church (David)

Raphael Painter who combined Classic Greek and Roman themes with Christian values (Cherbs)

Eramus Updated the Bible by translating it into the Vernacular, or common language

Machiavelli Wrote The Prince: the end justifies the means

Age of Inquiry: Scientific Revolution

Nicolaus Copernicus

Using math formulas he suggested the heliocentric universe model.

Galileo Galilee Proved the heliocentric model using reason and observation

Isaac Newton Used math to prove a force kept planets in orbit and objects on earth: Gravity

Rene Descartes Emphasized reason over tradition, paving the way for new studies

Influenced by the questioning spirit of the Renaissance, scientists began to question the old ideas about the world.

Age of Inquiry: Enlightenment

John Locke All humans posses natural rights (L.L.P.) and can overthrow gov’t if needed

Baron de Montesquieu

Government should have three branches; executive, legislative and judicial to prevent tyrants

Voltaire French thinker concerned with Free Speech and religious toleration

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Social Contract: the people work for the good of all and give up certain rights to the government

Concerned with the relationship between the people and their government. As the enlightenment grew, monarchs censored enlightened thought. Thinkers were thrown into jail and their books burned.

Rise of Russia- Slavic Resources:

Forests in the North and fertile fields in the South

Mongol influence:Invaded Russia and ruled for over 200 years.

Though peaceful, the Russian culture was heavily influenced by cultural diffusion

Ivan the Great:Overthrew Mongol rule and adopted Byzantine

Laws, court system and Religion- Eastern Orthodox Church

Ivan the Terrible:Enjoyed torturing and killing. He was a ruthless

leader but expanded the Russian Empire

Term BoxesIn the center box of each sheet is a term box with a human rights abuse. Please write down 4 facts about the abuse in the surrounding boxes, then draw a picture that relates to the topic. EX:

Islamic Laws Secular (worldly) and religious

No adultery Woman must be veiled and accompanied

Sharia