9 Lecture The Wireless Revolution. Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards.

9Lecture

The Wireless The Wireless RevolutionRevolution

The Wireless The Wireless RevolutionRevolution

• Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards for mobile Web access

• Describe the major standards for wireless networks and for wireless Internet access

• Evaluate the role of m-commerce in business and describe the most important m-commerce applications

Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsLecture 9 Lecture 9 The Wireless Revolution The Wireless Revolution

OBJECTIVES

• Assess the business value of wireless technology and describe important wireless applications in business

• Identify and describe the challenges posed by wireless technology and management solutions

OBJECTIVES (Continued)


The Wireless Revolution The Wireless Revolution

• Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments.

• An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones.

• Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services.

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE


Mobile Versus Fixed-line Subscribers Worldwide

Figure 9-1



Source: International Telecommunications Union, 2002 and 2003, and authors.

• Wireless communication helps businesses easily

stay in touch with customers, suppliers, and

employees.

• Wireless networking increases worker

productivity and output, as workers take less

time to establish contact with people and to

access information.


Business Value of Wireless Networking Business Value of Wireless Networking



• Companies can save on wiring offices, moving, and making network changes by using wireless networks.

• Wireless technology has also been the source of new products, services, and sales channels in a variety of industries, e.g. OnStar, Starbucks “hot spots”.


Business Value of Wireless Networking (Continued)

• All wireless media rely on various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

• Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere.

• Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations.


Wireless Transmission Media and Devices Wireless Transmission Media and Devices


Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices


Figure 9-2


Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System


Figure 9-3



Devices for Wireless Transmission:

• Paging systems

• E-mail handhelds

• Cellular telephones

• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

• Smart phones



Standards:

• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Cellular Network Standards and Generations Cellular Network Standards and Generations



Cellular Generations:

• 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication

• 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability



• 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States

• 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and

other rich media; always-on transmission for e-

mail, Web browsing, instant messaging


Cellular Generations: (Continued)


Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers

• I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection


Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode


Figure 9-4


WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. wireless computer networks.

Global Wireless Network Standards:

• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN)

• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network (LAN)


Table 9-2


• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• IEEE 802.20 (proposed) standard for the Wide Area Network (WAN)


Table 9-2 (Continued)

Global Wireless Network Standards: (Continued)


Bluetooth

• Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area

• Low power requirements



Wi-Fi

• Three standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g

• Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to communicate with wired network

• Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices communicate directly with each other


A Bluetooth Network (PAN)


Figure 9-5


An 802.11 Wireless LAN


Figure 9-6


M-COMMERCE AND MOBILE COMPUTING

• M-commerce: The use of the Internet for purchasing goods and services and also for transmitting messages using wireless mobile devices

• Mobile computing: Enables internet-enabled cell phones, PDAs, and other wireless computing devices to access digital information on the Internet from any location


Global M-Commerce Revenue, 2000–2005


Figure 9-7


Source: Copyright 2005 Jupitermedia Corporation. All rights reserved.


M-Commerce Services and Applications

• Information-based services: Instant messaging, e-mail, searching for a movie or restaurant using a cell phone or handheld PDA

• Transaction-based services: Purchasing stocks, concert tickets, music, or games; searching for the best price for an item using a cell phone and buying it in a physical store or on the Web


Table 9-3


• Personalized services: Services that anticipate

what a customer wants based on that person’s

location or data profile, such as updated airline

flight information or beaming coupons for nearby

restaurants


M-Commerce Services and Applications (Continued)

Table 9-3 (Continued)

Customer Personalization with the Ubiquitous Internet


Figure 9-8



Accessing Information from the Wireless Web

• Wireless portals: Content and services optimized for smaller screens of mobile devices to steer users to the information they are most likely to need

• Voice portals: Accept voice commands for accessing Web content, e-mail, and other electronic applications from a cell phone or standard telephone



Digital Payment Systems and M-Commerce

• Micropayment systemo Individual service providers run their own

separate payment systemso Small payments added on to single bill

• Stored payment systemo Cell phone equipped with smart card storing

rechargeable electronic cash

• Mobile Wallets (m-Wallets): Store personal data to use in online transactions



M-Commerce Challenges

• Slow data transfer speeds on second-generation

cellular networks, resulting in higher costs to

customer

• Limited memory and power supplies



• More Web sites need to be designed specifically

for small wireless devices.

• Keyboards and screens on cell phones are still

tiny and awkward to use.


M-Commerce Challenges (Continued)

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE

Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship ManagementManagement

• Access customer account records and information at any time or location


Wireless CRM enables sales and field service professionals to:

• Update customer accounts and deal information

to update customer database instantaneously

• Receive alerts to important events

• Enter, perform, and update transactions and

product information



Wireless Applications for Customer Relationship Management (Continued)

Pitney Bowes’s Wireless CRM System


Figure 9-9


Wireless Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Wireless supply chain management systems: Provide simultaneous accurate information about demand, supply, production, and logistics as goods move among supply chain partners

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain



How RFID Works


Figure 9-10


Wireless Applications:

• Electronic Medical Record (EMR) retrieval

• Wireless note taking for patient charts

• Lab test results

• Prescription generation

• Medical databases


Wireless in Health CareWireless in Health Care


Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing

• Wireless sensor networks (WSNs): Networks of

interconnected wireless devices that are

embedded into the physical environment to

provide measurements of many points over large

spaces



• Pervasive computing: Wireless technologies are

pushing computing into every facet of life,

including cars, homes, office buildings, tools and

factories; providing connections anywhere and

anytime.



Wireless Sensor Networks and Pervasive Computing (Continued)

A Wireless Sensor Network


Figure 9-11


Source: From Jason Hill, Mike Horton, Ralph King, and Lakshman Krishnamurthy, “The Platforms Enabling Wireless Sensor Networks,” Communications of the ACM 47, no. 6 (June 2004).

MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS

Management Opportunities: Management Opportunities:

Wireless technology offers:

• Flexible business processes

• Business processes not limited by time or space

• New channel for communicating with client

• Source of new products and services



Management Challenges: Management Challenges:

• Integrating wireless technology into the firm’s IT

infrastructure

• Maintaining security and privacy



Solution Guidelines: Solution Guidelines:

• Identifying areas in which wireless can provide value

• Creating a management framework for wireless technology

• Using a pilot program before full-scale rollout of wireless systems


The following are some of the guidelines for managing mobile technology in the enterprise:

9 Lecture The Wireless Revolution. Identify the principal wireless transmission media and devices, cellular network standards and generations, and standards.

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