9 industrial revolution

• 1. Industrial Revolution

2. 1_Introduction_to_the_American_Revolution_1min12 3. By early 1900s, US worlds leadingindustrial nation.Fueled by:Abundant supply of natural resourcesImproved transportation transcontinental railroad moving resourcesand people Increase in labor force 1860-1910 population tripled Greater demand for consumer goods Large workforce 4. Govt supported industrialization: Helped industries with loans & minimalregulation Railroad construction subsidized by govt Loans and land grantsMaintained laissez-faire approach Imposed few regulations Viewed labor organizations with suspicion High tariffs on imports to protect domesticindustry Contradicted laissez-faire Caused foreign nations to raise tariffs Increased cost of American goods 5. The Men who Built America-History Channel Series Traits of a TITAN PREVIEW 2 pages ofhandwritten notesover 1 episode = 2FREE 100s 5 different episodes Rockefeller Carnegie JP Morgan/Edison Ford Vanderbuilt 6. 3_Steel_Industry_2min8 7. Steel Affected technological change morethan any other product Allowed for cheaper building materialsBessemer Process Cold air pressure method of transformingiron ore into steel Andrew Carnegie- Steel Tycoon Believed in SOCIAL GOSPEL movement-financedPublic Libraries GOSPEL OF WEALTH: Believed it waswealthy s obligation to contribute to society(part of the social gospel movement) Philanthropist 8. 4_Oil_Industry_2min51 9. Oil and Electricity Oil could be refined intogasoline, kerosene, and distillateJohn D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Co. Own all aspects of production Oil wells, refineries, retail outlets Controlled 90% of worlds oil trade Edison Electric IlluminatingCo. Supplied electric power toNew York City 10. Railroads & BanksCommodore Vanderbilt Railroad monopoly American industrialist andphilanthropist who builthis wealth in shipping andrailroadsJ.P. Morgan Monopoly of the BANKS Interlocking directorates In 1892 Morgan arrangedthe merger of EdisonGeneralElectric and Thomson-Houston ElectricCompany to form GeneralElectric (AKA GE) 11. The Assembly Line Henry Ford popularized use inmanufacturing Combined sub-assembly lines into onecontinuous moving line Divided operation into simple tasks Workers performed same task repeatedly Unskilled workers could perform tasks Allowed for faster production Reduced cost of automobile Efficiency!!!! 12. Railroads Pacific Railway Act provided forconstruction of transcontinental RR Transcontinental Railroad Govt gave land along right-of-way toencourage rapid construction Sold land to pay for costs Union Pacific RR-built East to West fromOmaha, NE Central Pacific RR-built West to East fromSacramento, CA Hired workers from China Joined May 10, 1869 near Ogden Utah 13. Big Business contd.Competition creates lower prices Without competition, monopolies form Vertical integration (Carnegie) One company owns all other businesses ittakes to make finished product Chair Co = Cloth Co + Frame Co + Shipping Co Horizontal integration (Rockefeller/J.P.Morgan) One large company owns several smallercompanies doing the same type business Mega Convenience Store = Allsups + Pak-a-Sak+ Toot-n-Totum 14. Negative View of IndustrySOCIAL DARWINISM- The belief that societywas much like nature andonly the strongsurvived Large monopolists oftenused this theory to defendtheir immense fortunesand ill treatment ofworkers Often times theINDUSTRIALISTSwere referred to asROBBERBARRONS orTITANS OFINDUSTRYbecause of theirunethical and powerhungry strategies 15. 5_The_Urban_Transformation_7min15 16. Factory Work in US Life in the factory Unsafe work environment No govt regulations Low pay Long hours Tedious, monotonous jobsno skills required Unions Great length to keep out of factories Samuel Gompersfirst leader of AmericanFederation of Labor Fought for higher wages, better working conditions 17. Knights ofLaborTerence V.Powderly Open membership (skilled, unskilled, women,children, immigrants and African Americans Goals was to create a cooperative society inwhich laborers and capitalists were equal Were blamed for Haymarket Square Riot unfairlyand became known as anarchists/violenceIndustrialWorkers of theWorld(IWW) MotherJones ElizabethFlynn Big BillHaywood Like Knights in that they strove to unite allworkers (open membership) Motto: An injury to one is an injury to all Embraced class conflict and violent tactics Small union (150,000)AmericanFederation ofLaborAFLSamuelGompers Alliance of SKILLED workers Concentrated on Bread and Butter issues suchas higher wages, shorter hours and betterworking conditions 18. Famous Strikes of the Industrial RevolutionHomestead Strike (1892) Lock out by one ofCarnegies steelmills near Pittsburgh Carnegie supportedUnions but theChairman of USSteel, Henry Frick,wanted to break theUnion at Homestead Turned violent andvery public 19. Famous Strikes of the IndustrialRevolutionHaymarket Riot Nationwide Strike tosupport an 8-hourworkday A clash between strikersand police leaves onedead in ChicagosHaymarket Square Bomb thrown bystrikersPolice openfired 7 police dead 4 workers killedThe Pullman Strike Pullman Palace Rail CarCo. had to cut wagesbecause of hardeconomic times Workers had unionizedunder the ARU (AmericanRailway Union Leader: Eugene V. Debs ARU boycotts PullmanRailcars Entire USs rails are shutdown President Cleveland has tosend it troops to stopboycott 20. The Great Railroad Strike of1877Panic of 1873 (recession) forcescompanies to cut wages This causes 1st NATIONWIDE Laborprotest Rail workers walked off job, blockedtracks and destroyed Rail Co. property President Hayes ends up sendingtroops in to put to order and stopviolence 21. The Impact of IndustryIndustrial Revolution at first notbenefit everyone equallyNational wealth and personalincome grew significantly by1920sCheaper consumer goods onmarket 22. 7_Impact_of_an_Era_1min18