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• 1.Lijin Golden

2. Reconstruction of Economy-Hitler Hitler assigned the economic recovery to theeconomist Hjalmar Schavat. They aimed at full production and full employmentthrough a state-funded work-creation progreamme. This product produced the famous Germansuperhighways and the peoples car, volswagen. 3. Foreign Policy- Hitler In Foreign policy Hitler acquired quick success. He pulled out of the League of Nation in 1933,reoccupied Rhinland in 1936. He integrated Austria with Germany under the slogan-One people, one Nation and one Leader. He went to wrest (capture) German speakingSudentenland from Checkoslovakia He earned unspoken support from England, whichhad considered versaille verdict too harsh. These quick success at home and abroad seemed toreverse the destiny of the country. 4. Course (or) Events-2nd W.W 1939 Sep-Germany invaded Poland. This started a war with France and England. 1940 Sep- Tripartite pact was signed- Germany, Italy andJapan It strengthend the power of Hitler and he became aninternational power. Puppet regims, supportive of Nazi, were installed in largepart of Europe. End of 1940- Hitler was at the pinnacle of his power. Hitler moved to achieve long term aim of conqueringEastern Europe. He wanted to ensure food supplies and living space forGermans. 5. 1941 June- attacked Soviet Union. In this historical blunder Hitler exposed Germanwestern front to British aerial bombing and the easternfront to powerful Soviet armies. The Soviet Red army has defeated Germany inStalingrad. They hounded out the retreating German soldiers untilthey reached the Berlin. It helped the Soviet to establish their hegemony in EastEurope. USA did not entered the war- they feared a economiccrisis once again like after the first W.W But it could not stay out of the war for long. 6. Japan tried to expand their power in the East. They occupied French Indo China, they planned toattacks on US naval base in Pacific. Japan extended their support to Hitler and bombedthe US base at Pearl Harbor. Finally US entered in to the second W.W. In May 1945 the Second World war comes to an end ofthe defeat of Germany and Hitler committed suicide. U S dropped atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasakiin Japan. 7. The Nazis Worldview Briefly explain the major ideologies of Nazism(or) Peculiar features of Nazi thinking.(or) Explain the idea of racialism put forward by Hitler(or) Role of Darwin and Spencer in the Nazi ideology(or) The meaning of desirable and undesirable in the Nazithinking.(or) Why the Nazis considered the Jews and Gypsies are theenemies of Germany. 8. The Nazi ideology was synonymous with (H) world view. According to this no equality between the people only the racialhierarchy. Blue-eyed Nordic German Aryans- at the top & Jews located atthe lowest rung. Jews were considered as anti race or arch enemies of Aryans Other coloured people were placed in different place accordingto their physical features. Hitler idea of racism borrowed from- the thinkers like CharlesDarwin and Herbert Spencer. Darwin a natural scientist- father of evolution theory- putforward the idea of evolution and natural selection. Spencer- Survival of the fittest. The Nazi argument was simple the strongest race will survive andweak one would perish. 9. The Nazis believed that the Aryan race was the finest, ithad to retain purity, become stronger and dominate theworld. Another aspect of (H) ideology was- concept ofLebensraum or living space. He believed that new territories need for settlement. Thisenabled the settlers a new land to retain an intimate linkwith place of their origin. The German boundaries by movingeastwards, concentrated all Germans geographically oneplace. Poland became the laboratory of their experimentation. 10. Nazis tried to the physical elimination of undesirablein the extended empire. They wanted only Pure and Healthy Nordic Aryans. They alone were considered Desirable. Only the worthy and prosperous- Desirable and otherswere considered Undesirable. This meant even those Germans who were seenimpure or abnormal had no right to exist. 11. Nazis approach- Non Jews Gypsies and Blacks in Germany considered as racialinferiors, who threatened the biological purity ofSuperior Aryans race. They were widely persecuted. Even Russian and Poles- Subhuman, and henceundeserving of any humanity. Germany- captured Poland and parts of Russia- andcivilians were forced to work as slave labour. Many of them died simply through hardwork andstarvation. 12. Nazis Approach- Jews Jews faced worst sufferings from Nazis. They hatred of Jews had a precursor in the traditionalChristian hostility towards Jews. They had been stereotyped (no changing) as killers ofChrist and usurers (money lenders) Medieval times Jews were barred from owning land. They survived mainly through trade and money lending. They lived in separately marked areas- Ghettos They were often persecuted through periodic organizedviolence and expulsion from the land. Hitler hatred Jews was based on pseudoscientific theoriesof race- no solution to Jewish problem It could be solved only through their total elimination. 13. 1933-1939- Nazis terrorised, pauperised (absolutepoverty) and segregated the Jews, compelling themleave the country. 1939-1945- aimed at concentrating them in certainareas and eventually killing them in gas chambers inPoland. 14. Nazis approach- Poles (or) Racial ideas(Utopia) of Nazis Genocide and war became two sides of same coin. Nazis occupied Poland and divided. North western Poland was annexed to Germany. Poles were forced to leave their homes and propertiesbehind to be occupied by ethnic Germans brought in fromoccupied Europe. Poles were then herded like cattle in the other part calledthe general govt, the destination of all undesirables of theempire. Members of Polish intelligentsia were murdered in largenumber- for to keep the entire people intellectually andspiritually servile. 15. The Polish children who looked like Aryans wereforcibly snatched from their mothers and examined byrace experts. If they passed the race test they were raised in Germanfamilies and if not, they were deposited in orphanageswere most perished. Largest ghettos, gas chambers, general govt- served askilling field for the Jews. 16. Gypsy Usurers The group that were Money lenders charging classified as Gypsy hadexcessive interest; often their own communityused a term abuse. identity. Sinti and Roma were two such communities. Many of them traced their origin in India. 17. PauperisedPersecution Reduce to absolute Systematic, organised povertypunishment of thosebelonging to a group orreligion. 18. The Nuremberg Laws of citizenship- Sep-1935(or) This Laws were against the Jews- Discuss (or)This Laws helped the Nazis for the Exclusion ofJews from Germany- Examine (or)This Laws was the first step of Jews to the Death-Analyse 19. 1. Only persons or German or related blood wouldhenceforth be German citizens enjoying the protectionof the German empire. 2.Marriage between Germans and Jews wereforbidden. 3.Extramarital relations between Germans and Jewsbecame a crime. Jews were forbidden to fly the national flag.Other some legal measures Boycott of Jewish business. Expulsion from govt services. Forced selling and confiscation (take possession aspunishment) of their properties. 20. Steps to Death Stage 1 : Exclusion(1933-1939) Stage 2: ghettoisation (1940- 1944) Stage 3: Annihilation(1941 onwards)Stage 1: Exclusion (1933-1939) Nuremberg Laws of citizenship Sep :1935 Other Legal measures.Besides, Jewish properties were vandalised and looted, house attacked, Synagogues burnt and men arrested in a pogrom (organised massacre) in November 1938, remembered as the night of broken glass. 21. Stage :2 Ghettoisation : 1940-1944 Sep 1941, all Jews had to wear a yellow star of David ontheir breasts. The identity mark was stamped on their passport, allillegal documents and houses. They were kept in Jewish house in Germany, and ghettoslike Lodz and Warsaw in the east. These became sites of extreme misery and poverty. Jews had to surrender all their wealth before they entereda ghetto. Soon the ghettos were brimming with hunger, starvationand disease due to deprivation and poor hygiene. 22. Stage 3 :Annihilation -1941 onwards Jews from Jewish house, concentration camps and ghettosfrom different parts of Europe were brought to deathfactories by goods train. In Poland and elsewhere in East, most notablyBelzek, Auschwitz, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno andmajdanek, they were charred in gas chambers Mass killing took place within minutes with scientificprecision. 23. Nazism and Children The Schooling system under Nazism in Germany(or)Hitler thought that Nazi society could be establishonly by teaching children Nazi ideology- criticallyexamine.(or) All schools were cleansed and purified by the Nazis-Why?(or) What happened in schools under Nazism? The sports activity in school under Nazi was a spirit ofviolence and aggression- why? 24. Hitler thought that a strong Nazi society could beestablish only by teaching children Nazi ideology All schools were cleansed and purified. The teachers from Jewish community and politicallyunreliable were dismissed. Children were first segregated, Germans and Jews couldnot sit together or play together. The undesirable children Jews, gypsies, physicallyhandicapped were thrown out of the school. Finally 1940s they were taken to the gas champers. Good German children were subjected to a process ofNazi schooling, a prolonged period of ideologicaltraining. 25. School text books were rewritten. Racial science was introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race. Stereotypes about Jews were popularised even throughmath class. Children were taught to be loyal and submissive, hateJews and worship Hitler. The function of sports was to nurture a spirit of violenceand aggression among the children. Hitler believed that boxing could make children ironhearted, strong and masculine. All the boys 6 to 10 went through a preliminary trainingof Nazi ideology, at the end they take a oath of loyalty toHitler. 26. In the presence of this blood banner whichrepresents our Fuher I swear (promise) to devote allmy energies and my strength to the saviour of ourcountry, Adolf Hitler. I am willing and ready to give upmy life for him, so help me God 27. Briefly describe the Youth organisation inGermany under Nazis?The Role of Youth in Nazis rule- Discuss Hitler was fanatically interested in the Youth. Youth Organisations were made responsible for educatingGerman Youth in the spirit of Nationalism. Ten years old had to enter Jungvolk (Nazis Youth group forchildren below 14 years old) At 14, had to join nazi Youth organisation Hitler Youth. Where they learnt to worship war, glorify aggression and violence,condemn democracy, hate Jews, communists, Gypsies and allthose categorised as undesirable. After a period of rigorous ideological and physical training theyjoined the Labour Service. Usually at the age of 18. 28. Then they had to serve in the Armed Forces and enterone of the Nazi organisation. The Youth league of Nazis formed in 1922, four yearslater it renamed Hitler Youth. To unify the youth movement under Nazi control, allother youth organisation were systematically dissolvedand finally banned. 29. Briefly describe the role of women in Nazi rule.(or) To encourage produce more children Nazis awardedGolden crosses to the women- Verify this statement.(or) In my sate the mother is the important citizen-statement made by Hitler in 1933- critically examinethis statement.(or) I have sulled the honour of the nation- it is apunishment given to the women- analyse thecircumstances. 30. Nazism and Womens Nazis considered that women were radically different frommen. The fight for equal right, part of democratic struggleeverywhere was wrong and it would destroy society. Boys- be aggressive, masculine and steel hearted. Girls- become good mothers and rear poor blooded Aryanchildren. Girls- maintain purity of the race, keep distance from Jews,look after home, teach their children Nazi values, for to bearthe Aryan race and culture. 1933- Hitler said In my state the mother is the importantcitizen. 31. But Nazi Germany all mothers were not treated equally. Women who bore racially undesirable children werepunished and those who produced racially desirablechildren were awarded. They got good facilities in hospitals and concessions inshops, theatre, railway etc.. To encourage to produce many children Honour crosseswere awarded. Bronze- 4 children, Silver- 6 children, Gold- eight andmore. Aryan women who deviated from the prescribed code ofconduct were severely punished. 32. Those who maintained contact with Jews, Poles andRussians were paraded through the town with shavedheads, blackened faces and placards hanging around theirnecks announcing I have sulled the honour of thenation Many received jail and sentences and lost civic honour aswell as their husbands and families for this criminaloffence. 33. Nazis language To find out various words used by the Nazis for the communication (or) Nazis used different labels for the communication-draw up a list of labels (or) Nazis used the term disinfection areas for to addressGas champers- find out some more words 34. The Nazis used language and media with care, and oftengreat effect. The terms they used to describe their various practices arenot only deceptive. They are chilling. They never used the term kill or murder in thier officialcommunication. Mass Killing - Special treatment, final solution (Jews)Euthanasia (for the disabled), selectionand disinfections. Evacuation - deporting people to gas champers. Disinfection areas - gas champers (looked likebathrooms equipped with fake showerheads) 35. Media and Nazism Nazis had properly utilised the media for thepropagation of their ideas- Justify(or) The role of media for the propagation of Nazis worldview- describe(or) Nazis ideas spread through- visual images, film, radio,posters, catchy slogan, leaflets- prove this statementwith examples. 36. Media was carefully used to win support for the regime andpopularise its world views. Nazis ideas spread through- visualimages, film, radio, posters, catchy slogan, leaflets. In posters- mocked, abused and described as evils to theenemies of Germany. Socialists and liberals were represented as weak anddegenerate. They were attacked as malicious foreign agents. Propaganda films were made to create hatred for Jews. The most infamous film was- The Eternal Jew. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked. They were shown with flowing beards wearingkaftans, however in reality it was difficult to distinguishGerman Jews by their outward appearance bcz highly 37. They were referred- vermin (harmful to societyanimals/humans), rats and pests. Their movt compared to those of rodents (animal thatgnaws). Nazism worked on the mind of the people, tapped theiremotions and turned their hatred and anger at thosemarked as undesirable. The Nazis made equal efforts to appeal to all the differentsections of the population. They sought to win their support by suggesting that Nazisalone could solve all their problems.