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D Btm.......
mz^ tD B\V Vz,
EKk V> B ms[ MB V\]_ >BD W> [[ kVm^.
\m >]uV, >]_ D aBV, aBV >VF zD c *|D > >D JD ] >k[ V|> c[> kVFuV >k m]VD. > g|V \m B\VB gm\ g>VB aB]_ c VV m V| D, ]BV>V| V|D B[|] kD >k ]\V >V]VD. V VBVF \V_ W> > >]_ c > km >VV\V gk]m ][ kVo_ Wu k> >k[ cD c^ >D [D ]\V DAV.
uA>^ FB d kV>:>k[ >\m V] QV]_ [x>_ [k, gm\ g>VB]uz uV|> kaD g>xD D. B ms[ kVB VzDVm tD k> c|bD c\BV c\ [k[V_ uA>^ FDVm, >m ]VD c^ kV> B[|]V. k>]_ ] FB B ms[ uA>^ 36, ]_ x>_ uA>D BVkV[ 2 gD ]V]_ > ]V \V \VuBm. E uA>D BVkV[ 21 gD ]V]_ 153 *[ F>m. > uA>KD B B[|]Bm >m ]Vx^ k_\BV kV>^.
BVkV[ 2:7 > ]V \V \Vu "V_ > WA^" [V. V 5:4 | z^ tw>>V *[ "gw]_ >^V| VF" k V|^ [V.V 6:10 D \B "c[ B |" [V.BVkV[ 5:8 x>| kr sBV] z\B "], c[ | B |mV| " [V. ��
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V 4:35 > gs > \M>[ s|> " V\_ k s| A|V" [V.BVkV[ 9:7 sz[ Vk B " VF VkVD z]_ " [V.\> 9:6 ]tkV>V[ z\B " m c[ |B |mV| c[ T|z V" [V.BVkV[ 11:43 \> V clB "Vk kB kV" [V.
uA>^ FB >m kV> B[|]V. gV_,
gm\ g>VBD FB d D:B m >m aB> FB >VVm Vum V^ D KD ckVD >V (\> 4:2). >m aBD > V r > > | > u V x k m D > k V D V>V (V 6:12). wmV gm\V *>uV EKkz _k>uzx[ B m > D V 22:44d_ >|^m. k tD sBVz| ] > V | k k > ] [ m V F > l _ sw>>V \ >V]_ >V. B ms[ > V^ km E>B suz DxB Vk^ > VB>V _m Bs[ [A > B>V, gD. \M>B Vk^ \[M D t kEBD.
1000 \ >V >EB D............ x^:40 V^, 40 \B_ 24 \ >V D \uD 40 \ D 40 V^, 24 \ D = 960 \ D + 40 \ D = 1000 \ D
x[u \VkD V^ 24 \ D V 5 \ x>_ 10 \ k o>V DV 10 \ x>_ \V 4 \ k ckV D\V 4 \ x>_ 10 \k o>V D 10 \ x>_ V 5 \ k x D
\m z]lK^ m D m ckV D, x D FBVD.V m kV VD _m kV]uz V^ ckV D >VD.
kVo^ ckV D, D, k FD _ \ D >VD
\m z]_ \BD ckV VD.VD FD _ kVFuuVuV_ z ckV VD.
\m z|D ]_ V 15 WtxD \V 30 WtxD >EB V VD.
\m gB_ ckV D, x D >VD.>k Wk_ D >VD.V 4 \ x>_ V 10 \k x]BV o>V DV 10 \ x>_ \V 4 \k V m VD.\V 4 \ x>_ 7 \k x]BV m VD. 7 \ x>_ 11 \ k kVo^ m VD. 11 \ x>_ V 4 \ k g^ m VD.
]xD 1, 2, 3 \ ^ zD E z ckV VD.kD m V]B s_, ckV D >VD. x[u \VkD [ z> D 43 V_ 1000 \ D ckV xD, x xD, | 5 \ o>V xD >VD.
sV\_ m VD! >> >]VD!��
sr z
>V]zA^..........d > D 2011 k gk V|> 4,75,086 gm\VV,
6492 gV> zV, 993 gBV, 1141 > aBV g m]VD.
d > k]_ u 56550 A]B skVEV >k m]VD.
d > kD 5260 V\_ srD s|^>uV gk >V]VD.
d > kD 182 V\_ [>V u^m.
d > kD 559 _ B ]D ]lm.
d > k]_ mk 639 gV>zV >k m]VD.
d > kD 70 gBV >k m]VD.
d > kD \m aB]_ > 67 > aBV >k m]VD.
d > kD ] 28 A]B >V >k m]VD.
d > 11 \V>_ 7765 _ | u>uV gk >V]VD.
d > D_ ] A]B \^ V VF, V] (\]B>D, V|kV V]BD), \VBVkDE (zV, c\VD) gBkuuV >k m]VD.
d > k ] _ , z V , V A V V ] B ] [ m >KD 2 V^ ckV | u>uVF >k m]VD.
d > kD >_ \V 30 _ B s_ ^ | u>uVF >k m]VD.
d > kD kVo^ \]l_ >_ u 20 |V >k m]VD.
d > k]_ >_ gD \V 20 | V >k m]VD.
d kz \uD >uz z]_ c^ 7 \V, 29 V]B V \uD 7 >\mk luE \BV >k m]VD.��
d 14 \Va_ u kD k>V\ \VaBA aBV >k m]VD.
d mk 252 \^ ]m, srD s >k[ V|> V >k m]VD.
d 3 gka ^^ kaBV _s u Em szD ^V >k m]VD.
d > k]_ \VBV, >VD, VV, VV, Vo, sF gB >K^ skVE[ W_ gk _ \ >>>uV >k m]VD.
d > g_ \m >]_ 15 z D\ VlomD, 12 z kV>]omD D V|> >k m]VD.
d > g_ \m >]_ 12 z gm\V Vl omD, 25 z VVlomD, 24 z ko lomD D V|> >k m]VD.
d > g_ \m >]_ 5 z >VVlomD, 20 z VF| VFoomD, 20 z koA VlomD D V|> >k m]VD.
d > g_ \m >]_ 17 z >V_ sBV]lomD, 5 5 z \ B V V l o m D , 4 0 z J VFoomD, 24 z \^V\VlomD, 5 z AuVlomD D V|> >k m]VD.
d > g_ \m >]_ 25 z \ VlomD, 53 z VDA lomD, 20 z zw]omD, 15 z VE[ lomD s|> V|> >k \>V m]VD.
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T\VF kV D.......
d tlbrd;id/gpuhe;jpar;brayh;jpU.nf.rhKnty;mth;fSf;Ffle;jehspy;Vw;gl;ltpgj;jpdpkpj;jk;fhypy;gpsh!;of;rh;#upbra;ag;gl;Lrpfpr;irbgw;WtUfpwhh;fs;.jplMfhuk;cl;bfhs;sKoahky;f\;lg;gLfpwhh;fs;.rh;tty;ytuhk;Mz;lth;mz;zDf;Fmw;g[jRfk;je;J/bjhlh;e;JnjtgzpiaMz;lthpd;cd;djbgyj;Jld;epiwntw;wghuj;njhLb#gpg;nghk;.
d tz;zhug;ngl;il/Kd;ndw;wg;gzpbrayh;jpU.gpr;irkzpmtu;fSf;FfLikahdtapw;Wg;g[z;zpdpkpj;jk;(my;rh;)fle;j6.02.2012md;W,uj;jthe;jpvLj;JjPtpurpfpr;irg;gphptpy;mDkjpf;fg;gl;Lrpfpr;irbgw;WtUfpwhh;fs;.tpahjpiacd;dpypUe;Jtpyf;Fntd;vd;Wiuj;jMz;lth;mz;zDf;Fghpg{uzRfj;ijf;fl;lisapl;L/g[jpabgyj;Jld;njtuh#;ag;gzpiabjhlh;e;Jepiwntw;wCf;fkha;b#gpg;nghk;.
d rpWePufg;gpur;rpidapdpkpj;jk;kUj;Jtkidapy;lahyprp!;rpfpr;irbgw;WtUk;jiyikr;brayffzpzpj;JiwCHpah;jpU.m#pj;njtuh#;mth;fSf;FMz;lth;mw;g[jRfk;jut[k;/gGJgl;Ls;srpWePuffspy;Mz;lthpd;jGk;g[fspd;ty;yikahy;g[{uzRfk;fpilf;fghuj;njhLb#gpg;nghk;.
d jiyikr;brayfCHpah;jpU.brg!;oad;fpwp!;nlhgh;mth;fSf;Ffle;jehspy;Vw;gl;ltpgj;jpdpkpj;jk;ifapy;Kwpt[Vw;gl;L/mWitrpfpr;irbra;Js;shh;fs;.kUj;Jtkidapy;rpfpr;irbgw;WtUk;mz;zDf;FMz;lth;ghpg{uzRfk;jub#gpg;nghk;.
d ehfh;nfhtpy;/gpuhe;jpar;brayh;jpU.#hd;Re;jh;rpmth;fspd;kfs;\g;hpdht[f;FrhPuj;jpy;Vw;gl;Ls;sbtz;jYk;g[fs;kiwab#gpg;nghk;.
d FHe;ijapd;kz;ilnahLtsh;r;rp,y;yhjjhy;2Kiw2FHe;ijfis,He;Jtpl;ljpUkjp.khpahs;Fkhunty;(krhypahgzpj;jsk;/#hh;f;fz;l;)mth;fSf;Fjw;nghJFwpf;fg;gl;lgpurtnjjpahfpakhh;r;18k;njjpapy;/(mjw;FKd;my;yJgpd;)Mz;lth;Rfkhdgpurtj;ijf;fl;lisapLk;goCf;fkha;b#gpg;nghk;. ��
d brd;id/ekJCHpah;fs;jpUkjp.bAg;rpghy;ufehjd;/jpUkjp.Fnshhpgpuhd;rp!;/jpUkjp.v!;jh;Mgpufhk;MfpnahUf;Fs;sbjhlh;r;rpahdbgytPdfspy;Mz;lthpd;bgyd;g{uzkha;tpsfb#gpg;nghk;.
d Fynrfuk;gzpkhtl;lbfsutKd;ndw;wg;gzpbrayh;jpU.gpiul;mth;fspd;kfd;gpfpdpd;(mnefMz;LfshfgLf;ifapypUf;Fk;)Rfj;jpw;fhf/jpU.md;igahmth;fspd;kfs;Mf;d!;/jpU.T.Y.P.MrPh;mth;fspd;kfd;jhk;rd;/jpU.C.R.#hh;#;mth;fspd;kfs;mg;gpah/jpU. P.T. b#anrfh;mth;fspd;kfs;b#!pkpuhf;spd;/jpU.brg!;oahd;fpwp!;nlhgh;mth;fspd;kfs;ftpjh/jpU.tpndhj;rpmth;fspd;kfd;rPghMfpnahhpd;thH;tpy;ty;yikapd;Mtpahdth;,wfp/gyj;jfphpiaelg;gpf;ft[k;/,e;jgps;isfspd;Mtp/Mj;Jkh/rhPuj;jpy;mw;g[jkhdtpLjiyiaMz;lth;fl;lisaplt[k;Cf;fkha;b#gpg;nghk;.
d 2 0 1 0 d 2 0 1 1 g D g | V D V | W ] B l _ .20,864.72 V \]Az skVBm sV m | ^ m . s k V l ^ \ u D s V ] _ V | , > g | s k V B m \DV|V skVB sV^ cu]VD, skVB cu] T >|>uVD, skVB [ k] u|] V|D, c >|m>KVD V[z ka]D y|^m. A]>V \|^ > KV >k m]VD.
d ]BVkEB V[ Vm sWBV ]]_ x|D, AVD >>B|m, c]\[]_ Vm kwz^ >V. >[ l_ c]\[ ]] .. kVkV >\l_ \]B VAzk \m, cB sV \uV| \z\V c>sm. x| >s \|^ \]B VA zsuV >k m]VD.
d BV] skV y_ m_ 11 \]z g>kV VEBD m >]_ \V>V\V W u]V_ >k m]VD.
d > 20 g|_ _k KD ]B VV>V kEl_ \Vu^ \ kzD kl_ c^. V[ \V> c^V| cu], >M k\VD, u\] c^ m DKD \V kE um. V l_, kE > V|D tE D V| ko\BV VV>V ]BV ck|zD k> \A^ x[sA F>. \m V_ u|^ VV>V kEV >k m]VD.
d |> 10 g|_ VV>V kEl_ D V| Vk tD VV> \V gF >sm^m. 1990 d 91D g_ \V> c^V| cu] \]A . 10.80 D V. 2010 d 11D g_ 4 \uz \_ ]m . 48.80 D VBV cB>m. D V_ V|[ sB>z VV>V kEV >k m]VD.
d 1990 d 91 gD g_ ]B z|D[ \V> tA . 1.04 D V. m 2008 d 09D g_ .12.61 D V >VBm z>m. > 1950 d 51D W]BV_, VV>V kEl_ kV\l[ A 57% \uD kml[ A 28% gD >m. Vm kV\ml[ A 15% zm^m. > \BD kml[ A 63% ]>m. tA ml_ u|^ kE s>]uV >k m]VD.
d WB x>V_, c^V_ >Va_ kD Bm, kkVFA ]>m. > 1990 d 91D g_ 13 V V > k x>|, 2010 d 11D g_ 3030 V VV kE >m. ]B VV>VD c^V| >kB V Vm. Vk V_ u\]B V]s_. > \BD D V_ z\] ]\V c^m. zV V B ]s_ z\] FB k^m. \V> V F >kl_ 80% z\] kVlVk ] Fm. >Va_ k> F> WB x>uV >k m]VD.
d 20 g|z x[ V[ u\] 1800 V VV >m. m 2010 d11_ 24,500 V VD >VBm. 2010_ V^ u\]l_ k> s_]BV 20km tB
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VV ck|>m. ]BVs[ u\] > 5 g|_ 3 \z cB>m. Wl_ D V[ u\] g|z 25% [ s_ kE | k\VV_, |> 3 W]BV|_ u\] \]A 23 D VB (50,000 V) |D |m. D V_ km kD u\] s>]uV >k m]VD.
d D V_ 1991 gD g_ \V>D 5 D >VE kVBV^ >. [ > 86.20 VBV cB>m. > V]_ s\VB[ 89 ]om 5.70 VBV ]>m. V^ su 1.80 D [ som 29 \V cB>m. 20 g|_ \]B \k BV[ \V>DD . 30,000om . 90,000 g cB>m. > TB kEV gk m]VD.
d \Vu>Va_Ox B[|] . 1.85 D s_ T| |D ]> \]B E[ T|, k\ aA \D 22.07.11 [ x F>m. kzD V> T| [ WB ckVzkm kEBD [ \]B E[ ] z> kkVF sV T| |D ]D B_|>m. kw\V VD B[|mD |\V V[ >> z]_ zD u^, J_, \ gBku B[|] >k z> s T|^ gF^ x| sm. D\Vu x >Va_O> B[|] c]>][ \]lKD, BVVs[ z]lKD uk T|^ |^. \]B E[ T| |D ]]uV >k m]VD.
d Vm\ V^x>_ 2007 d 08_ 1.12 V [VD, 2008 d 09_ 2.27 V [VD, 2009 d 10gD g| 2.53 V [VD >m. >uVm ]B cwD \uD \VW [ [E^, V> kV 2.78 V [ Vm\B V^x>_ Fm^. ]m kD Vm\ V^x>_ s>]uV >k m]VD.
d EV[\lz zV xDz _s, kkVFA, T| k] \Vm V tl[ l_ z|^m. EV[\lz _s, kkVFA, T| k]B \Vz, 3 g| k E >D, . 5 D k V>xD s]^m. >uV k \]B E[ EV[\l m |m km \]B >sm^m. EV[\lz [\ BzD ]]uV >k m]VD.
d \V\VV] >EB k c]]D >V| 2011
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k 2D >][ 5 g|^ Wkm^. 2006 gD g| k 2 gD >] x>_x>o_ g]VsK^ > \Vk]_ > ]D >Vm. V\]K^ kV z|D]uzD k]_ 100 V^ kB c] Fk> ]][ VD. m >uVm 625 \Vk_ B_V_ c^m. ]][ JD 4.1 V \^ Bm^. 145 V \M> Vz k m^m. ]][ 47% ^, 28% >V> \^, 24% wzl 2010d11 k Bm^. ]]_ > . 74677 V oBV V||^m. > ]D kuBVF u kk>uV >k m]VD.
d \ \V>D 25 gD >] WD B|m>_ D >VV >EB gVz E m kwBm. >[ Vm>kV WD B|>|DVm, ]]_ c^ ] FB sB V_ 6 \z >VB W c\BVz kw k|D. kV kBu|D W c\BV \Vu ]_ zB\> V> k | k|D. \KD skVlz \V>V] ]B\V >VB V| k|D. >MBV B|mD ]_, skVl[ D\>D kEBD. > V\VB][ c^ 75% A>_ k|D. \z D >B mV >k m]VD.
d gEB V|_ Bu a gm[ W> V|^ Bo_ ]BV 2km ]_ c^m. ]B >> gk Bu aom VD, D > \^ Bms[ _kV [V_ >V|, k uV^D, 2D kz D > \^ gB>\VD VD.
d ]B \mk gVFE \B][ *]B gFs[, ]BVs_ 6.24 V VBV_ V]|^>VD, 7.72 V z VF k kVFA^>VD >B km. >tw]_ 39 D z VF k kVFA^>V |^m. Vl[ >V]M[ \^ V|D VD.
d >M>KVV \zD k >V VVD > x Fm, 2011 D 13 x>_ g]Vs_ \^ >V VV ys\V ] k[. g] \VW][ \]V VD.
d WD B|> \|^ A]B \V>Vz \]B \k A>_ m^m. Vm V W^ B|mDVm z kVD \_ 80% D\] k|D.
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W^ B|]B[ W[ c\BV^ \kV A]B _ zBm kV >V ka FB k|D. k mD xB FB VD.
d ZD V \uD nV ]] gB\ WBtzD [D A]B gB]_ ]mB V> k WBtD \]B x Fm^m. ss_ >uV A]B D [ V|k \]B y\VMm^m. >kE>][ >k^ WBt, \BV >^ \B Wku VD.
d \VW , \ Wk\V \[El[ gV |, V_ c^ 1.55 D _ 40,000 J ]tm. V_ 460 l_ _ k Kk^ c^. > 72g z ]t|^.
2010D g_ >tw]_ 100 Js. >V_ aBz \|t[ Vm\zD E\D. k, J|k> s k|D >Vau^ \]B | V. k >l[ D, Vm \[ mB D VD.
d ]] Vlo_ >[ VmVA ], 1 V s_ z| mV> V kD \ >k>VD x Fm^m. >[ >uz \VT]lom Vlo[ u xA VAD k 200 * #mz n> cB]_ m \^m. BV\ V_ z kD \^ \F>k m V^D, k^ \^ ]D, z kk[ zm VD V>V| VD.
d >tV|, vVD, V, \V>D, V>V[ gB 5 \VW_ >V> \^, ]\V kEzD 1000 V\_ EB V\]D >Vm. > x[V ]]_ V>, V> m 12km n>V| ]]_ EB V\]D \KD s|> \]B ys\V o>m. x>VB][ m >A \D x[uD B k|D [
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V]B saA u k|D. > B \VW ^ \uV^ k|D. >V> \z w|D ], V[ _k z]_ [D m. k VmV>uV, \VW ^ c][ k|D. u|> \Vk[ _s, c>s>VB c B ] k w z k m z m D , m > V V u V [ k\V kD ]]B\m zmD gVEm.
d VV [_[E T Wk][ >\ WkV ]VBV Am {Fuk ]. V\m. k ][ \DV| mV >\[ gVV WBt|^V. ]. V\m kV gk m]VD. >k QVxD, gVD k VD.
d >EB \M> c\ gB][ 6 km >kV c]\[ x[V^ >\ ]] .. Vi[ WB\D FB|^V. k >sl 5 g|^ kV. ]. Vi[ kV gk m]VD. >k QVxD, gVD k VD.
d tr[ >kV ]. .s. WBt|^V. c]\[ ]]BV ]. B VAz > FB \]B \kz A>_ m^m. ]. kV gk m]VD. >k QVxD, gVD k VD.
d M E rV VBVD [ ]D 2011 h[ 1 gD >] \kV (BVV) \Vk]_ \ V [ ]_ ]\] VMBV V] kV_ >Vm. ]][, zw> u 30 V^ k xkm\V k E |D. >V_ u D k\V gV^ \uD k \mk c>s^ VD. >V_ 11 V >VF\V^ Bk. _ xl_ > ]D Wk VD.
d V gkV BVV ]][ x>_ ][ _ zz]l_ kVD \z k T| kwzD ]]_ z sDAD \VWz \]B Etm c>s |D. 250 _ > x>_ ]_ D Bk. \]B 50% k uV^D. _ xl_ > ]D Wk VD.
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d c k ]B >D FD V| 100 V V >s FB x[km^m. ] skVB]uz B[|>D, *|D \>][ BV_ \V BV>z VmVmV^ VD.
d 2011 \V 11 gD >] VM_ kV VV> W |D um. >V_ 10 * cB Vt uV \ o Vm. > W |>V_ A\V b c t V]m ] T u| VD ss>m. > W |D Vo_ 8.9 g ]kVm. > B W |>V_ t ]\V ]>>V_ tl[ u kD ]>m. >V_ V[ 24 \ ]om 1.8 \V sV zm sm. Bu aV_ \^ aBV> >k VD \V VD.
d 2011 gD g[ 100 t \Vk_ 5 ]B^. >VM 52 km ]KD, xi DVM 61 km ]KD, ED D 88 km ]KD >. > Bo_ c\BV skVED D VD.
d ViB k]B \V BVV [ ]> V| xkmx^ ] FB T|k^ FD m >VaVzD B[|D skVD Fkm \]B \] 2011 h[ 23_ x F>m. >[ 47.50 D kBV^ Bk. . 30,000z \mk\ z k [[ kwzkm D \uD > ]> 18 x>_ 59 kBm k^ kzD kwzk>D x FBm. > ]D _ xl_ B_D, ]K^ ]Vz _ gV VD
d c VmVA \V>V 2011z >EB gVz >m A> 2011 h[ 23D >] >m. > \V>V k\Vuz ^ 90% \zD 50% A \zD c kak FD. > \V>V ]BVs[ _BKD ]\BVF B_ VD.
d h 1 \mk^ ]\V |D. 1882 gD g| > V_>V[ V. .E. VF k^ >V. \m >]_ c^ \mk^ clVzD kB sBVV\V \Vu sV>z VD.
d \]B w_ >|A trM[ >kV ]. y z\V 2011 h[ 25_ WBtV. ]. .. >V\ >s sB> >Vm k >kVV. > cB >sl_ zD k >V[ |zD y\V_ BD kV\_ >]uV >][ gkV>]uV VD.
z: m V lV_ D VF_. clz gm u|mD WD u|km|. 2009 gD g| A^ s, 200 z k ]V.
VMB [Vo: VlV_ kzB VB VF_ mD [. > VF \M>B JB T Fm s|D. VF t^ [^ \uD >_ ] D zD ktm k|m. 2009D g_ \|D 4100 V]| 650zD ] \VV m s.
\BV: \BV VFoV_ V]k^ ]BVs_ kmz 8 D m VV^. gVz |>BV ]BVs_ >V[ ]\VV \BVsV_ m VV^ [ c V > V W k D z A V _ m . V > V \V 5 kBmz zw>^ ]\V V]|kV^ [ > W \V, [ Ek^, Bk^ [ s]BVD _V\_ _V kB]D \BVsV_ m VV^.
>VVF: > VlV_ D z 11 [ s>]_ kV kxD V]|V^.
VVF: V VlV_ 3 Wtmz 2 [ _ m VV^. c V|_ V VlV_ V]k_ 5_ z ]B^ [ m.
VBVD > >V\ VFV_ V] kVkzD D V|D, k^ Bms[ _kV [V_ >V|, k V u V^D VD.
> V VF:d V ck >sm, ^, _, kz _kV, m> c
k ck > Vz^V m _K[. BV c w^ \D VD.
d 5 5 . 8 % D , 2 4 . 7 % g D > V V B V _ V]|^.
d VD, V, V_ 60% \^ VlV_ V]|^.
d VlV_ s_ zw> A, zkV zw>^ >_ ]\V V|m.
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3. V sm^:]BVs_ 2009D g| \|D V smV_ \\>k^ 1,26,896 . V smV_ \>k^ , V_ w>k^ D .
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d Vo;ikkw;Wk;fld;njhy;iyfhuzkhfgpr;irnaLj;JFLk;gj;ij fhg;ghw;Wk; epiyapYs;s rpWth;fSf;fhfn[gpAq;fs;
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d njUNthu rpWth;fs; murhq;fj;jhy; kw;Wk; r%f eymikg;Gfshy;kPl;fg;gl;L,ytrf;fy;tpkw;Wk;cjtpfs;toq;fg;gln[gpAq;fs;
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d ,th;fisf; fl;bitj;jpUf;Fk; me;jfhu ty;yikfs;>mbikj;jdMtpfs;Nghd;wnghy;yhjfphpiafs;,NaRtpd;ehkj;jpdhy;Kw;wpYk;mopf;fg;gln[gpAq;fs;
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d Foe;ijfSf;F chpikfs; toq;fpdhy; mth;fs;rpfuq;fisnjhLthh;fs;.Foe;ijfs;Fkhud;,NaRtpd;MrPh;thjj;NjhLthon[gpAq;fs;.
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d ,e;jpahtpy;Rkhh;3Nfhbngz;fs;mLj;jtPLfspy;Ntiynra;JtUfpwhh;fs;.jkpo;ehl;by;kl;Lk;Rkhh;18,yl;rj;J29Mapuk;Ngh;Ntiynra;fpwhh;fs;.nrd;idapy;8,yl;rk;Ngh;tPl;LNtiynra;JtUfpwhh;fs;.n[gpAq;fs;
d fzth;> gps;isfshy; iftplg;gl;L tPl ;L Ntiynra;NthUf;fhfn[gpAq;fs;.
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d tWikfhuzkhftPl;LNtiyf;Fnry;Yk;rpWkpfSf;fhfn[gpAq;fs;.
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d ,th;fs;kPJgopRkj;JtJ>gioaJzpfisVkhw;wpGJJzpahfnfhLg;gJ>tPLfspy;jPz;lhiknfhLikfismwq;Nfw;WtJ ,itfspy; ,Ue;J tpLjiy fpilf;fn[gpAq;fs;;.
d tPl;LNtiynra;Ak;ngz;fs;clystpYk;kdjstpYk;gy;NtWghjpg;GfSf;Fcl;gLj;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;.,th;fSf;FRje;jpuk;fpilf;fn[gpAq;fs;
d ,th;fs; fld; Rik> ve;j xU rpwpa tp\aj;jpw;Fk;v[khl;biarhh;e;jpUf;fpwepiy>NtiyNgha;tpLNkhvd;wgak;,itnay;yhk;ePq;fn[gpAq;fs;.
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d tQ;rftPl;nl[khdpfshy;mb>cijgLk;ngz;fSf;fhfn[gpAq;fs;.
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d mbikKiwapy;tPl;LNtiythq;fg;gLk;ngz;fSf;fhfn[gpAq;fs;.
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>BV [^ WDB \VWD. >VmV^, ]BV V|^, aV \k z]^, g^ WD^ \VWD. KtMB \uD k\m >VauV^, E g^, E\, z cV^, V KtMBD DM, VF cV \uD E >Va_ ^, z^ yV k ]om . 2000 V kD k ||m. 3 _w^, 7 VlB_ _^ c^. >k_ >VA \_ ]BVsB yV \VWD Em szm. k ]uV >k m]VD.
d Vk[ \^ \]l_ >k[ >m^ ]> kVKV >V]D.
d 400zD ]\V VkV \^ Bk V> V u V>uV >V]D.
d _sBs_ [>B \VWD, \A \uD >VauV kEl_ V kEB s_. D\VW][ kEV, kEV >^ VD.
d EBo_ ]\u >[\ V|m. D\VW][ kz]_ |^, \VkVl|^ kz xA[ B_|[. z VyB >V E kKkV Wl_ c^m. \>\Vu]uz ]V E B_|m. |[ yskV> k^ xuKD ||>D, VyB >V El[ aB]uz ]V \>kV> B_V|^ xuK\VF Bowm V VD.
d >k ]l[ kE t z> k V|m. 2%zD ]\V B V\o>VKD, { kE V gDm^m. EB_Z]BVD, VV Z]BVD, gszB s>]KD VB^ \uD ]A^ c^. k aB_ k u|m[, >k c]k|m[. z> _sB \uD k\ WBVm, sr aBD, >M>V^ aBD \uD z aB]uz
tr^:]. V[ z|DD ]. g_[ z|DD]. Vx[ z|DD ]. o n z|DD]. m z|DD ]. >V\ z|DD]. gV[E z|D ]. | z|DD]. s V\VoBV z|DD _s. _V]. \k >BV^ z|DD ]\]. [VV
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> aB^:
]. VVF V ]. E_B V_V]. M V ]. _ V ]. k[ V]. \i V ]. o VV ]. Vik ]. FE zh ]. Vi ]. E ]. >EEB V ]. VF V ]. \ V]. >]V t[ ]. F [V ]. K V]. z_y zh ]. \_ ]V ]. siVD V ]. >[\E V ]. BVV_ V ]. s[zh ]. VD zh ]. EkV V ]. A_ VV ]. V ]. F V ]. | V]. VVV VV ]. >VDVF V ]. V\V[ ]. V_ V ]. AV t[ ]. BV[ VV ]. Fz\V zh ]. M_ VV ]. _ zh ]. >[ V ]. y V ]. \VVF ]. \V
g, s>D: 1000 / 866 \V> \^: 589 mW g : ].>] V x>_k : ]\]. UV yE
m], zA^:
d kmkD >Va_ D. sBV| V^, >VVE ^, BV, ^, s^, V, m^, >V_ V^, z V^, VB cD V[ cu]BV[. _wD, \mk, sB_ luE WBD c^. uV>^ W> D. D V[ >VB _oV, z kEzD EB_ >kV gk m]VD.
d >k >V[ >\BD z^m. km kD kE \uD _ V|D A>_ ]BVs_ D >V> u|> k|D. _oB \B\V km B_|D V VD.
z]V gk m]VD. z \m^ 5,765 E >VauV^, 140 |> \uD B >VauV^, 16 >Vau^ \uD t[b \B]uVD gk m]VD.
d 18 k \VaBA l[ skV, >uVm \Va B| x V[M \Va k>V\]uV gk m]VD.
d kD wB u^ WDl>VKD, D\VW]_ kD Vkwkw^, V>V^ >_ \uD E^ km sVD m>_ V[ku a]_ ys\VF B_ VD. > Vk w_ E^k^ ms_ A]B kVk u V^ VD.
d V D B ^ W > > V o \ > > [u[. m \> DD, VVD, >k \>]_ m^. V >k^ \V 1,300 \|\ c^. gBD t z. ms_ Am kVD, k>V\][ ]B> uB >kV Am V^>KD kEB, k >kBV c^. >uV V>V| VD.
d V[M \Val_ aBD FBB aB gk > VD. VDB >Vo^, m^ \uD xD sr>V_ ] D VD.
B \uD |> >Va_^. >V_ ] 9.27 D z kkVFA c^m. 3 D E >VauV^, 260 >Vau^ c^. cA cu]l_ 60% zV]Bm. m, \m^, c^, E\, V_, VlB_ >VauV^ tz]. VV WkD A]B V >VauVB z mk^m. k ]uV gk m]VD.
d k ]B ], \> ] \uD >Vo ]^ ]D c^. *]_ >V > ^ c D c|. E _ ^ m \>][ V^V| m V[ W V|m. D c]kD A> > F[. > gsBVk zV]K^ ]_ k_\BV B_ VD.
d \> ], B \uD E tr >V[ aB][ J\V >kD x[A u som *|^m. >[wz z]BV V \Vk]_ TB kE V|m. _, zV, t, , VEBV, Vo, >VBV V[ wz \_ mk u V|^. k_ gDm^ A>_ > \VW]K^ m \D u VD.
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]V> \^ ^:
d zV]K^ 9 \Vk^ \uD 128 \Vk_ 0.1%zD zkV >k c^. D >V^ 19 kBV \^ ^ \]l_ srD uD [Bs_.
d 10 D l[ \^ c 12 V ViV \^ \]l_ srD s_. k^ \]l_ 0.07% >k^ c^.
d 54 D xD^ \]l_ t z> k srD ^m. k^ \]l_ 76 V>k^ c^.
d V, VBV \uD VE \^ sr]uz kkuA V|[. k_ 3% >k^ c^.
d 20 kBV wzl \^, 45 D V^, k^ \]l_ aBD gDD, V \Val_ k>V\D \VaBD VD.
d ]BVsK^ 50 D _, zV]_ 7 D c^. \>VV]_ \|D \V 100zD ]\V l[ Vs_^ c^.
d k^ kD Bms[ _kV [V_ >V VD.
xB AB >^:>VD Vs_, DV Vs_, mkVVV Vs_, VDV Vs_, B Vs_, gykV Vs_, DV \V>V Vs_, z Vs_, x Vs_, ik Vs_, iV Vs_, tV Vs_, VDV Vs_, ik Vs_, rBV Vs_....
d bkhfy;Kh;K/Lh;rhbAk;g;nuhk;/Jh;ghKh;K/_Rf;Kh;K/uhFLL/rhdpuhk;gh!;fp/bkh§fy;LL/g[#;nuLL/nAhg;dhAd;!;lf;/ kd;Rjh khe;njah/ rpg;fhud; LL/ g#;ehj; Kh;K/nyhLnrhud;/rpg;fhud;nrhud;/#Pnghd;LL/Kh;spnrhud;/ry;FKh;K/nAhl;FbAk;g;nuhk;/ghg;FKh;K/ghndKh;K/ghy;ld;kuhz;o/fp!;Fnrhghy;-,th;fs;xt;bthUtUk;,naRfpwp!;JxUtnubka;ahdMz;lth;vd;gijmwpe;Jbfhs;sb#gpg;nghk;.
d typg;g[ nehahy; f\;lg;gLk; rhk;rd; Ad;!;lf;/ m#&khe;njah/jht[j;bAk;g;nuhk;/Rdpy;khe;njahMfpnahUf;Fnjtd;Rfk;jub#gpg;nghk;.
d FHe;ij ,y;yhkypUf;Fk; Kypz;lh nrhud;/ Yfpe;ju;Ad;!;lf;/gpnuk;yhy;LL/ngfd;bAk;g;nuhk;MfpnahUf;FMz;lth;FHe;ijghf;fpaj;ijj;jUk;goahfb#gpg;nghk;.
d ,Ujagpur;rpidahy;f\;lg;gLk;gh;dgh!;Kh;Kt[f;Fk;/gyehl;fsha;bgytPdg;gl;oUf;Fk;rgPdhLLt[f;Fk;/fGj;jpy;g[z;zpdhy;mnefehl;fsha;f\;lg;gl;Lf;bfhz;oUf;Fk;rfPjhKh;Kt[f;Fk;Mz;lth;mw;g[jRfj;ijj;jUk;goahfb#gpg;nghk;.
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10. >D / aBD: V d >V_ VN[ V]B]_ Bz[ Ek s|] \uD _ V\A \B^
s|] B EtB Ek \V>DV>V Ek s|] 77 203 280FVVM d 210 210mV V _ V\A \BD 60 70 130 \VV 200 d 200mDV 14 36 50kV 63 d 63>V_VN[ Ek x[u\BD 376 434 810gD^^ 300 412 712 \V>D 1090 1365 2465
>V]zA^:d >V_ VN[ V]B]_ B kD Ek s|]^ \uD
_ V\A \B_ m kD 1090 EtB, 1365 EkV gk >V]VD.
d z >^ xm [k_ lBo_ A m kD 5 \VkVD, A m kD 2 VD, BV m kD kVD, >Va_ WkV A (.,,) m kD 6 VD, EB[ A m kD 2 VD, A m kD kVD, >k_>Va_ O A m kD kVD, >uVm 10D kzA m kD 68 VD, 12D kzA m kD 18 VD gk >V]VD.
d DV] \mk\ J\V u k E xVD J\V 18 skVEz kkV k E^ ku\V u x>.
d \sr[ J\V u k E xVD JD 86 >V_ skVEz A uD kE um.
d > V_ \m skVEz 2460 V s_ _ >\V _l l|k>u[ kw.
zA^:d kV EtB s|]l[ |\V ss_ xkB
VD.
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d VFkVF|D \VV s|] ^z gk _ >D, gVB>D l VD.
d s|] VAD, ]\D, AD kMm V^B VV^ VD.
d D kVo^ >B yB VV wkwom s||, ku^ kV kVw VD.
d VE \uD V_V>VsK^ __ zD \Vk^ _ > k n B ] u z ^ k D , V E B V F s D VD.
d koA VBV_ k]|D MB_ Vz gk uA> D > VD.
11. >D / aBD: grV WkV Ek s|], >M d Vtr^ : ]. Vo[ kV z|DD, ]. s z|DD, ]. [ z|DD, ]. V[ z|DD. ]. [ z|DD, ]. M_. Ms. V
>V]zA^:d \BV V]A s>D zm kk>uVF gk m]VD.
d >VEBV 2 \V>V u V]A Elom gk ^z D V|>V.
zA^:d J \BV \uD VVVz E u VzD
> V ( s ) [ \ V k z g k u A > D > VD.
d >l_ _ uk>uV k E xm E u VzD >kV [ \Vkz gk uA> D > VD.
d s|]z >kBV t[V k] , xkBV> V k] ss_ Fm >, s|]z >k|D VV| , EtB s|] \uD \]_ k ss_ x VD.
d tpRthrpjpU.Rnu\;gha;/,e;Jbgd;kw;Wk;CHpah;jpU.#p.rhKnty;Mfpnahiutpgj;jpypUe;Jmw;g[jkhfghJfhj;jnjtidJjpg;nghk;.
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d uj;jd;gha;/jpypg;gha;Mfpnahh;kuj;jpypUe;JtpGe;jnghJMz;lth;ve;jj;jPFkpd;wpghJfhj;jgoahy;Mz;ltiuJjpg;nghk;.
d fle;jMz;oy;Jj;dp/nghd;lh/khy;fhh;brse;j;Mfpafpuhkfspy;eilbgw;wMyaf;fl;Lkhdg;gzpKotile;jjw;fhfnjtidJjpg;nghk;.
b#gf;Fwpg;g[fs;:
d gf;fthjj;jhy;ghjpf;fg;gl;ljpU.yypj;gha;/jpU.gpufh\;gha;/jpUkjp.yypjhbgd;/jpU.utpahgha;MfpnahUf;FMz;lth;mw;g[jRfk;jub#gpg;nghk;.
d vYk;g[Uf;fpnehahy;ghjpf;fg;gl;lyPyhbgd;/uhkpbgd;/tp\hy;/Rnu\;gha;MfpnahUf;Fk;/M!;Jkhthy;ghjpf;fg;gl;lunk\;gha;/khf;ypbgd;/m\;kpjhbgd;MfpnahUf;Fk;/bjhGnehahy;ghjpf;fg;gl;ljPgf;gha;f;Fk;/nfd;ruhy;ghjpf;fg;gl;lghh;tjpbgd;/fhf;ypbgd;MfpnahUf;Fk;/bjhz;ilapy;fl;oahy;f\;lg;gLk;fp\hd;gha;/uh#&gha;MfpnahUf;Fk;Mz;lth;ghpg{uzRfk;jub#gpg;nghk;.
d Ulhdh/#pUay;Myak;/jiyikj;Jtgapw;rpikak;kw;Wk;rpWth;tpLjpMfpatw;wpd;fl;Lkhdg;gzptpiutpy;bjhlfg;glb#gpg;nghk;.
34.gzpj;jsk;: Ahbyk;/m!;!hk;
kp\bdhpfs;: jpU.b#Uay;ghdpFLk;gk;
Jjpf;Fwpg;g[fs;:
d jpUKGf;FvLf;fthiraha[s;s10FLk;gfSf;fhfMz;ltiuJjpg;nghk;.
d vjph;g;gpd;kj;jpapYk;fle;jkhjj;jpy;jpUKGf;FvLj;Jnjtdpd;ke;ijapy;,ize;j4FLk;gfSf;fhfnjtidJjpg;nghk;.
b#gf;Fwpg;g[fs;:
d jpUKGf;FvLf;fthiraha[s;s10FLk;gfisa[k;gaKWj;jp/fpuhkj;ijtpl;LbtspnaWk;goTwp/vjph;g;g[bjhptpf;fpwkf;fs;kde;jpUk;gb#gpg;;nghk;.
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d vjph;g;ghsh;fshdjpU.eph;nkha;fhh;lh/jpU.Ahpyhy;kpyp/jpU.knfe;jpuhghff;Mfpnahh;,naRfpwp!;Jtpd;fy;thhpmd;gpdhy;bjhlg;glb#gpg;nghk;.
d jpUkjp.rPkhghj;fphpvd;wtpRthrpf;FVw;gl;lthfdtpgj;jpy;xUfhbyYk;g[cile;Jrpfpr;irbgw;WtUfpwhh;fs;.Mz;lth;ghpg{uzRfk;jub#gpg;nghk;.
d kf;fs;Rtpnr\j;jpw;Ffhl;otUfpwMh;tj;jpw;fhfnjtidJjpg;nghk;.
d fle;jork;ghpy;eilbgw;wRtpnr\f;TLifapy;fye;Jbfhz;l400ngUf;fhfnjtidJjpg;nghk;.
b#gf;Fwpg;g[fs;:
d Muhjidelj;jbghpa,lk;fpilf;fb#gpg;nghk;.
d ,ut[f;Tl;lk;Muk;gpf;fg;glb#gpg;nghk;.
d Fog;gHf;fk;/ntrpj;jdk;/FUtzf;fk;kiwab#gpg;nghk;.
d bgz;fs;/thypgh;/rpWth;kj;jpapy;CHpak;Muk;gpf;fg;glb#gpg;nghk;.
d FUtHpghLbra;gth;fs;/g[jpjhftpRthrj;jpw;Fs;tUgtu;fisjpirjpUg;g[k;braypy;<LgLfpd;wdh;.Fwpg;ghffpU\;zre;jpuhvd;gtUf;fhf/mtnuhL,ize;J,r;braypy;<LgLgth;fs;kde;jpUk;gb#gpg;nghk;.
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36, T¦jR[m: Lô]ôéo. LoSôPLô
ª`ù]¬Ls : §Ú, R]VÑkRo SôVd
ùUôjR ®ÑYô£Ls : 45
BWôRû]dÏÝdLs : 3
Õ§dϱl×Ls:
d ØdRô Gu\ NúLôR¬dÏ BiPYo TdLYôRj§oÚkÕ ÑLm RkRT¥Vôp BiPYûW Õ§lúTôm,
d fhh;gfhhpgoq;Fbkf;fs;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;>k`huh\;buhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d `pe;jpnkhopiag;NgRfpd;wdh;.,th;fs;kpUfq;fs;kw;Wk;kj;jsq;fspd;ngah;fshy;miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d Gay;kw;Wk;kiotutplhky;jLj;JepWj;JtNj,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiyfshFk;.,jw;fhfmhprpia$ypahfg;ngWfpd;wdh;.
d mhprp>NfhJikkw;Wk;jhdpaq;fs;,th;fsJKf;fpaczthFk;.ML>khLNghd;witfspd;,iwr;rpiaAk;rhg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
d Gaypd;mwpFwpfs;Njhd;Wk;NghJjq;fs;ifapy;fj;jpiaitj;Jf;nfhz;L‘kfhgPh;’vd;wnja;tj;jpw;FKd;ghfepd;WNkf%l;lj;ijePf;Fk;;gbahfTk;>,y;iyNay;jq;fisNaFj;jpf;nfhs;tjhfTk;gaKWj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d kiof;fhdmwpFwpfs;Njhd;Wk;NghJjq;fs;tpuiyntl;b,uj;jj;ijnja;tj;jpw;Fmh;g;gzk;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d Kw;fhyq;fspy;,jd;fhuzkhfjq;fisNantl;bf;nfhz;L,we;jth;fSk;cz;L.jq;fs;FLk;gj;ijNagypahff;nfhLj;jth;fSk;cz;L.
d tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ,th;fs;vy;yh,e;Jnja;tq;fisAk;topgLfpd;wdh;.
d ,we;jth;fiscl;fhUk;epiyapy;itj;J>rptg;Gj;Jzpapy;Nghh;j;jpGijf;fpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
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d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
3. fhj;Njhbgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d fhj;Njhbgoq;Fbkf;fs;k`huh\;buh>uh[];jhd;kw;Wk;F[uhj;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;,z;Nlh-Mhpa,dj;jth;fs;.,th;fSf;F
d vOj;Jtbtkpy;yhjjq;fspd;jha;nkhopahdfj;fhhpiaAk;>kuhj;jpiaAk;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;fy;tpawptpy;Fiwe;Jfhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.MfNt>nghUshjhuj;jpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpaepiyikapy;cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fspy;ntFrpyUf;Fkhj;jpuNknrhe;jkhdepyq;fs;cz;L.kw;wth;fs;cah;Fyj;jthpd;tay;fspy;$ypNtiynra;Jmd;whltho;tpw;fhdtUkhdj;ijg;ngWfpd;wdh;.
d mhprp>NfhJikkw;Wk;jhdpaq;fs;,th;fsJKf;fpaczT.
d ghy;atpthfk;eilKiwapYs;sJ.
d ,t;tpdj;jpy;Mz;fs;gyngz;fisjpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d rg;igNjtp>krhy;fhhpNghd;wnja;tq;fs;,th;fspd;Fynja;tq;fshFk;.
d ,th;fs;jq;fs;%jhijah;fspd;Mtpfistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d nfhbaFbg;gof;fj;jpw;Fmbikfshfcs;sdh;.
d gpy;yp#dpak;>khe;jphPfk;Nghd;witfspy;mjpfek;gpf;ifcilath;fs;.
d ke;jputhjpfisnja;tq;fshfepidj;JnghpJk;ek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
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d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
4.kdPthh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d kdPthh;goq;Fbkf;fs;gPfhh;>F[uhj;kw;Wk;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;Mfpakhepyq;fspYs;sfhLfspYk;>kiyabthuq;fspYk;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;ehd;F>Ie;J>MWnja;tq;fistzq;Fk;Fhp`hh;>yNfuh>fN`uhMfpa%d;WgphpTfiscilath;fs;.
d Kf;fpaczTmhprpkw;Wk;jhdpaq;fs;.khl;biwr;rpjtpuvy;yhkpUfq;fspd;khkprj;ijAk;rhg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
d rlq;Ffs;kw;Wk;rFdk;ghh;f;Fk;gof;fKilath;fs;.
d jpUkzk;nra;Ak;NghJkzg;ngz;Cdkhf,Ue;jhy;mtSilarNfhjhpiaAk;jpUkzk;nra;JnfhLf;fpd;wdh;.
d fztd;tpthfuj;JNfhhpdhy;kidtpf;FmjpfgzKk;>kidtptpthfuj;JNfhhpdhy;fztDf;FnfhQ;rgzk;nfhLf;Fk;tof;fKk;cs;sJ.
d ,we;jth;fspd;Mtpiatzq;Fk;gof;fk;cilath;fs;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
5.igufpgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d igufpgoq;Fbkf;fs;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;>,uh[];jhd;>xhp];]hkw;Wk;gPfhh;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fghgh[p>ituth>NahfP];tuk;MjPj;>gthdpMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
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d `pe;jp>,uh[];jhdpnkhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ‘igufp’vDk;thh;j;ij‘ituf;’ vDk;rk];fpUjnrhy;ypUe;Jte;jJ.mjhtJ>kdpjczh;r;rpfisKw;wpYkhfj;Jwe;jJwtpfis,t;thWmiog;ghh;fs;.
d ,th;fs;ePz;ljiyKbAld;>Kul;Lcilfismzpe;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.vg;nghOJk;ifapy;xUtise;jjbiaitj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.
d jq;fis#o;e;Js;skf;fSf;F‘FU’f;fshfg;gzpGhpfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fNsrikj;Jrhg;gpLfpd;wdh;.ngz;fiscld;itj;jpUg;gjpy;iy.mg;gbahuhtJnra;jhy;rKjhaj;jpypUe;Jtpyf;fpitf;fpd;wdh;.
d nra;Ak;jtWfs;fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lhy;>tpgr;rhukhf,Ue;jhYk;$ljz;lidrpykdpjh;fSf;FtpUe;JnfhLf;fNtz;Lk;vd;gNj.
d rpyh;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;tjhy;jho;j;jg;gl;lxUjdpgphptpduhfxJf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d tp\;Z>uhkh>fpU\;zhMfpanja;tq;fistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
6.Fapgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d Fapgoq;Fbkf;fs;xhp];]hkhepyj;jpYs;sGy;ghdpkhtl;lj;jpy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,k;kf;fs;ngUk;ghYk;kiyfspYk;>Fd;WfspYk;trpf;fpd;wdh;.‘Fap’vd;wnkhopNgRk;,th;fsJnkhopf;FvOj;Jtbtk;fpilahJ.
d Viofshf,Ug;gjhy;fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
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D -
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d
_
20
12
d Kf;fpaNtiytptrhak;.,th;fs;czTmhprp>Ntl;ilahbg;gpbj;jkpUfq;fspd;khkprj;ijtpUk;gprhg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
d ngz;fs;Mz;fsplkpUe;Jjg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;sjq;fs;Kfq;fspy;NfhLfs;tiue;Jmoiff;Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Fiwe;jsTMilmzpe;jpUg;gjhy;jq;fs;fpuhkj;ijtpl;LNtW,lq;fSf;Fr;nry;tjpy;iy.
d jq;fs;jiyapy;,uz;Lmy;yJ%d;WrPg;Gfisr;nrhUfpitj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.MdhYk;>jiyiarPtpf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.
d ghy;atpthfKk;>gyjhukzKk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
d #hpad;>el;rj;jpuq;fs;kw;Wk;kiyfs;>kuq;fs;Nghd;w,aw;ifianja;;tq;fshftopgLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:
d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^ \V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
7.XLgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d XLgoq;Fbkf;fs;`pkhr;ryg;gpuNjrk;>rpf;fpk;>`hpahdhkw;Wk;gQ;rhg;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;`pe;jp>`hpahdpMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsplk;fy;tpmwptpd;ikAk;>nghUshjhug;gw;whf;FiwTk;mjpfkhff;fhzg;gLfpwJ.
d ML>khLthq;fptpw;gJ>Ml;biwr;rptpahghuk;nra;tJ>rhuhak;tpw;gJkw;Wk;jpdf;$ypNghd;wNtiyfisr;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d gpwiucgrhpg;gjpy;Mh;tk;fhl;Lk;,th;fs;Rj;jj;jpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
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D -
k
d
_
20
12
d rpWtajpNyNajpUkzk;nra;Ak;gof;fk;,th;fs;kj;jpapy;fhzg;gLfpwJ.
d kWgpwg;gpd;kPJek;gpf;ifnfhz;l,th;fs;>,we;jth;mLj;jgpwtpapy;vd;dthfgpwg;ghh;vd;gijmwpamjpfMh;tk;fhl;Lfpd;wdh;.
d ,k;kf;fs;vy;yh,e;Jnja;tq;fisAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.‘gPh;’vd;Wnrhy;yg;gLfpd;w(,we;JNghdK];yPk;kdpjdpd;)Mtpiatzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d khjhvd;Wnrhy;yg;gLfpd;wfhspNjtpiaAk;kw;Wk;jq;fs;FLk;gj;jpy;,we;JNghdth;fspd;MtpfisAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
8.rfhhpahgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d rfhhpahgoq;Fbkf;fs;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;>,uh[];jhd;kw;Wk;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fnrfhpah>nrf;hpah>rfhpah>NrhrpahMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.,th;fs;`pe;jpnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fspd;tho;f;ifj;juk;kpfTk;Nkhrkhdepiyikapy;cs;sJ.
d nghUshjhuj;jpYk;>njhopy;hPjpapYk;>rKjhaj;jpYk;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d eil>cil>ghtizfspy;kw;wgoq;Fbkf;fsplkpUe;J,th;fs;kpfTk;NtWgl;Ls;sdh;.
d kw;wkf;fspdj;jpypUe;J,th;fs;xJf;fg;gl;Ltho;e;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d jz;zPh;>kUj;Jtk;Nghd;wmbg;giltrjpfs;
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k
d
_
20
12
,th;fSf;Ff;fpilg;gjpy;iy.
d ,th;fs;epiyaw;wth;fshfXhplj;jpypUe;JNtnwhU,lj;jpw;F$l;lk;$l;lkhf>FLk;gkhfmiye;Jjphpfpd;wdh;.
d ,t;tpdkf;fsplj;jpy;Foe;ijj;jpUkzk;,d;Wk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ,th;fSf;nfd;Wfpuhkj;jiyth;fs;cz;L.fpuhkj;jiytiu‘khj;Nj’vd;wiof;fpd;wdh;.fpuhkj;jiyth;fs;nrhy;tijNanja;tthf;fhfvLj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d kUj;Jtkidf;Fr;nry;yNth>kUj;Jtk;ghh;f;fNthNghjpagztrjpaw;wth;fshf,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
d ahuhtJtpahjpg;gl;lhy;VjhtJke;jpuk;nra;jhy;FzkhfptpLk;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
9.jhDf;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d jhDf;goq;Fbkf;fs;gPfhh;>`hpahdhkw;Wk;,uh[];jhd;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;mq;fp`h>`hpahd;tpMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d jho;j;g;gl;ltptrhapfshff;fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;fpuhkf;fhtyh;fshfTk;>jpUkzj;jpd;NghJNksk;nfhl;Lfpwth;fshfTk;Ntiynra;Jgpiof;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJ%jhijah;rkhh;,dj;je;ijf;Fk;>re;jhy;,dj;jha;f;Fk;gpwe;jth;fshff;fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d xUth;,Ungz;fisj;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;smDkjpapy;iy.
d tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
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d
_
20
12
d jpUkzkhfhjngz;Zf;FNtnwhUtUld;jfhjcwT,Ue;jhy;mguhjk;tpjpf;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fSf;FkJmUe;Jk;gof;fKz;L.
d ,e;Jnja;tkhdNjtpiatopgLfpd;wdh;.
d jq;fSf;FVw;gLk;tpahjpfs;mRj;jMtpapdhy;tUfpwJvd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
10.Nfhahgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d Nfhahgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>fh;ehlfh>k`huh\;buhkw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;Nfhz;Lvdg;gLk;goq;Fbkf;fspd;xUgphptpduhth;.
d gQ;rj;jpd;fhuzkhf,UE}WMz;LfSf;FKd;GgRjh;gFjpapypUe;JMe;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy;FbNawpath;fs;.
d jq;fspd;goikkhwhky;,d;Wk;fhl;Lg;gFjpfspNyNatho;e;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fspd;Kf;fpaczTGspaq;nfhl;ilkhTf;fQ;rp>mhprpf;fQ;rp>Nth;j;jz;Lfs;kw;Wk;kug;gl;ilfSkhFk;.
d ,th;fs;jiyapy;nghpaKz;lhRfl;bf;nfhz;L>rpwFfshy;myq;fhpj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d epiyahfXhplj;jpy;trpf;fhky;ehNlhbfshfRw;wpj;jphpfpd;wdh;.
d tujl;rizg;gof;fk;,th;fsplk;,y;iy.kzkfdpd;ngw;Nwhh;jhd;ngz;Zf;FXusTgzk;nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
d #hpagfthd;>kfhyl;RkpNghd;wnja;tq;fistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
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d
_
20
12
d mWtiltpohtpy;taJtpj;jpahrkpd;wpmidtUk;Fbj;Jtpl;LMbg;ghLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
11.Nfhz;Lgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d Nfhz;Lgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;>F[uhj;kw;Wk;fh;ehlfhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,e;jpag;goq;FbfSf;Fs;mjpfkhdkf;fs;njhifiaf;nfhz;lth;fs;,th;fNs.,th;fs;Nfhz;bvd;wnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ey;yNjff;fl;Lld;>jl;ilahd%f;F>jbj;jcjL>fUikahdepwj;Jld;fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d Nfhz;Lvd;Dk;nrhy;ypw;Fkhl;biwr;rpiacz;gth;fs;vd;Wk;>gRkhl;ilf;nfhy;gth;fs;vd;Wk;nghUs;gLk;.
d Mz;fs;jiyiankhl;ilabj;J>eLtpy;xUrpyKbiatpl;LtpLfpd;wdh;.rpyh;jiyg;ghifAld;xUfhjpy;kl;Lk;fhjzpmzpfpd;wdh;.
d ngz;fs;ePz;lJzpahy;cliyr;Rw;wp>Koq;fhy;tiumzpe;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.Kfj;jpYk;>njhilapYk;gr;irFj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,t;tpdj;jpYs;sMz;fSk;>ngz;fSk;;kJmUe;JtJk;>Gifg;gpbg;gJk;kpfr;rhjhuzk;.
d ,th;fs;jq;fs;nja;tq;fisAk;>MtpfisAk;mjpfkhfek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;jq;fs;ghuk;ghpagof;ftof;fq;fis,d;Wk;filg;gpbj;JtUfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
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_
20
12
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
12.vUf;Fyhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d vUf;Fyhgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.,th;fs;vUf;Fynkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;jq;fisFh;W,dj;jth;vd;Wnrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.Fh;Wvd;gJ‘Fwth;’,dj;ijf;Fwpf;Fk;.
d ,th;fs;njhopy;Kiwfshy;Kr;Rf;FW>Xuq;FW>ehLjphpfpwFW>jg;gyhaFWkw;Wk;FQ;RFWvdIe;JgphpTfshfg;gphpe;Js;sdh;.,th;fs;fWg;GepwKilath;fs;.
d Kr;Rf;FWgphptpdhpd;Kf;fpaNtiyFwpnrhy;tJ.,th;fs;xUrpwpaNfhy;>Kwk;>$il>Nrhopfs;Mfpa,tw;Wld;nrd;Wkw;wth;fSf;FFwpr;nrhy;ypgzKk;>czTk;ngWfpd;wdh;.
d Xuq;FWgphptpdh;fpuhkq;fisfhty;fhj;Jk;>Xa;TNeuj;jpy;<r;rk;gha;>$ilgpd;dpAk;tUtha;ngWfpd;wdh;.
d ehLjphpfpwFWgphptpdh;mbf;fbntspA+h;nrd;WNtiyNjLfpd;wdh;.
d jg;gyhaFWgphptpdh;jg;igia(%q;fpiy)gpse;Jmjdhy;Kwk;>$il>jl;bKilfpd;wdh;.
d FQ;RFWgphptpdh;jq;fspd;njhopiyf;nfhz;NlFQ;rk;nra;gth;fs;>cwpnra;gth;fs;>Fuq;fhl;bfs;vdgphpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d rFdq;fspy;mjpfek;gpf;ifitj;Js;s,th;fs;Nga;>gprhR>kWgpwg;GNghd;wtw;iwAk;ek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V,
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d
_
20
12
BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
13.Nghz;Nlhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d Nghz;Nlhgoq;Fbkf;fs;xhp];]hkhepyj;jpYs;skhq;Fz;Lejpapd;tlNkw;Fg;gFjpapy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;M];bupr;nkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.,ay;ghfNtKul;Lj;jd;ikcilath;fs;.
d ,th;fs;trpf;Fk;fpuhkq;fs;nrq;Fj;jhdkiyr;rhpTfSf;F,ilNacs;sd.,th;fs;%q;fpyhy;nra;ag;gl;ltPLfspy;tho;fpd;wdh;.
d Mz;fs;fhLfspy;Nfhtzj;Jld;jphpfpd;wdh;.Njhl;lq;fspy;gzpahw;Wfpwth;fs;kl;LNkrl;ilmzpfpd;wdh;.
d fzth;jd;kidtpapd;jiyiankhl;ilabj;JtpLfpd;whh;.
d Mz;fs;Gifgpbj;Jk;>kJghdq;fismUe;jpAk;Neuj;ijnrytpLfpd;wdh;.
d ,t;tpdg;ngz;fs;nea;jy;>,iyfisj;ijj;jy;Nghd;wNtiyfisr;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d jq;fSf;nfd;WjdptPLfl;bagpwFvUikiathq;fpmyq;fhpj;Jmijr;Rw;wpeldkhLfpd;wdh;.gpd;Gmijgphpahzpahfrikf;fpd;wdh;.
d ngz;fs;mjpfkhdtisay;fismzpe;jhy;gps;isg;NgWfpilf;Fk;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d ,we;jth;fSf;FepidTr;rpd;dk;itj;Jgilay;fisg;gilg;gjpdhy;,we;jthpd;Mtpnjhy;iynfhLf;fhky;,Uf;Fnkd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V,
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d
_
20
12
BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
14. fhrpgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d fhrpgoq;Fbkf;fs;m];]hk;>Nkfhyah>kpNrhuk;kw;Wk;ehfyhe;JMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d khd;fhkh;f;>fhrpMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;
d kiyKfLfSf;Frw;Wj;js;spfw;fs;my;yJkuf;fl;ilfshy;ePs;tl;ltbtpy;tPLfisf;fl;Lfpd;wdh;.
d xUFLk;gj;jpd;tPLk;>eiffSk;thhpRchpikg;gbmf;FLk;gj;jpd;filrpg;ngz;Zf;Nfte;JNrUfpd;wJ.
d FLk;gj;jpd;vy;yhr;rlq;FfisAk;Kd;dpd;Welj;JtJk;filrpg;ngz;jhd;.ghl;b>kfs;>Ngj;jpvd;WFLk;gkhftrpf;fpd;wdh;.
d Gdpjkhdepfo;r;rpfisAk;>rlq;FfisAk;ngz;fNsKd;dpd;Welj;Jfpd;wdh;.fztd;fye;Jnfhs;smDkjp,y;iy.ghh;itahsuhf,Uf;fyhk;.
d FLk;gj;jpy;cs;sMz;fSf;FkhpahijnfhLf;fpd;wdh;.Mdhy;KOchpikiaf;nfhLg;gjpy;iy.
d jpUkzj;jpy;kzkf;fs;xNujl;by;czTcz;gJKf;fparlq;fhFk;.fztd;kidtpapd;tPl;by;te;Jjq;FtJtof;fkhFk;.,itfspdhy;Mz;fSf;FjpUkzkhdJk;jq;fs;FLk;gj;Jld;cwNtmw;Wg;Ngha;tpLfpwJ.
d ,th;fs;‘Cgpnya;ehq;F’vd;wgilg;Gnja;tj;ijAk;>‘Cnya;yhq;Rgh’vd;wnry;tNjtijiaAk;>‘Cnya;ck;lhq;F’vd;wjz;zPh;NjtijiaAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
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20
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d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
15.[{thq;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d [{thq;goq;Fbkf;fs;xhp];]hkhepyj;jpYs;skhy;afphpvd;Dk;;;;;;;;;kiyr;rhuypy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fspd;jha;nkhopxhpah.
d Mz;fs;fhLfspy;tpwFntl;bmijefh;g;Gwj;jpw;FvLj;Jr;nrd;Wtpw;fpd;wdh;.
d ngz;fs;%q;fpy;$ilfs;nra;Jk;>fhl;by;fpilf;Fk;fha;fdpfistpw;Wk;gpiof;fpd;wdh;.,th;fs;kw;wth;fSld;neUq;;fpg;goFtjpy;iy.
d ,th;fspd;Fbirfs;kpfTk;FWfyhdit.G+i[fs;elj;jjdpf;Fbirfs;cz;L.
d ,iwtd;xsptbtkhdtd;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d rq;FflTspd;Kf;fpaifg;nghUs;vd;Wk;>rq;fpd;xypflTspd;Kof;fk;vd;Wk;fUJtjhy;>,uz;ilAk;kpfg;Gdpjkhfg;Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;.
d G+i[apd;NghJcaph;gypnfhLf;Fk;tof;fk;cz;L.
d gQ;rj;ijg;Nghf;Ftjw;fhfg;gs;sk;Njhz;bmjpy;jPtsh;f;fpd;wdh;.,iyfisf;nfhz;Lmfy;tpsf;Fnra;Jmjpy;vz;nzapl;Lj;jPgk;Vw;wpitf;fpd;wdh;.,t;tpohitxUthuk;tiunfhz;lhLfpd;wdh;.,g;gbr;nra;tjhy;kionga;Ak;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;G+i[fspy;mjpfNeuj;ijnryTnra;fpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
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20
12
16.Vdhjpgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d Vdhjpgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.,th;fs;njYq;Fnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fspy;cah;e;j[hjp>jho;e;j[hjpvd;W,UgphpTfs;cs;sJ.
d cah;e;j[hjpvd;W$wg;gLk;nul;bVdhjpkf;fs;tPLfspy;Ntiynra;fpd;wdh;.jPz;lj;jfhjth;fshff;fUjg;gLk;fug;gVdhjpkf;fs;tptrhaf;$ypNtiynra;fpd;wdh;.
d fhl;by;Ntl;ilahbczTNrfhpg;gJ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiy.,th;fspy;rpyh;kPd;gpbf;Fk;njhopiyAk;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d Mz;fs;mjpfkhdngz;fisjpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d tpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;gof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ,th;fs;nrQ;RNjtUvd;Dk;FLk;gnja;tj;ijAk;>eurpk;kd;vd;Dk;,e;Jnja;tj;ijAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d fhLfspy;,Ue;JNrfhpf;fg;gl;l%ypiffs;Kjypatw;iwre;ijapy;tpw;Wk;gzk;rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdh;.,th;fs;NtW,dj;jpypUe;JtpUk;gpangz;izkze;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fs;ngz;fisflj;jpf;nfhz;LNgha;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;Sk;gof;fk;cs;sJ.
d ,th;fs;MtpfistopgLfpd;wdh;.,jw;F‘nghq;fh’vd;Wngah;.‘nghq;fh’MtpG+kpapy;cs;skuq;fs;>ePNuhilfs;vdmidj;jpYk;Fbnfhz;Ls;sjhf,th;fs;ek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d Fynja;tq;fSf;Fg;gypapLfpd;wdh;.#dpak;>Fwpg;ghh;j;jy;%yk;jq;fSf;Fve;jNeha;kw;Wk;jPq;Ffs;tug;NghfpwJvd;gijKd;$l;bNamwpe;Jnfhz;LFwpg;gpl;lMtpf;Frkarlq;Ffisnra;jhy;Nehapdpd;Wk;>jPq;Ffspdpd;Wk;jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
18.gdpah;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d gdpah;goq;Fbkf;fs;Nfush>fh;ehlfh>jkpo;ehLMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;kiyahsnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.rhiyNahuq;fspy;tho;e;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;,d;Dk;ehfhPfg;gof;ftof;fq;fspypUe;JxJq;fpNacs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;FLk;gj;jpy;ahNuDk;,we;Jtpl;lhy;vspaKiwapy;gpzj;ijmlf;fk;nra;JtpLfpd;wdh;.%d;whz;Lfs;fopj;JfUkfhhpaj;ijr;nra;tJtof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d kuj;jpd;fPNo$bkhrhdpmk;kd;nja;tj;ijepWj;jptopgLfpd;wdh;.mj;Jld;neUg;GtopghLk;eilngWk;.,ijj;jtph;j;JrdP];tud;vd;wnja;tj;ijAk;topgLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Xzk;>tp\h>cfhjp>rq;fuhe;jpNghd;wgz;biffisf;nfhz;lhLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
19.kd;dpgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d kd;dpgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>k`huh\;buhkw;Wk;fh;ehlfhtpy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;njYq;Fnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.,th;fSf;Fs;td;fhky;yh>#uk;>Nuhlhkw;Wk;uha;g;Gs;spMfpagycl;gphpTfs;fhzg;gLfpwJ.
d ,th;fspy;ngUk;ghNyhh;tptrhapfs;.NkYk;guk;giuahfrpyh;tptrhaf;$ypNtiynra;fpwth;fshfTk;>fpuhkf;fhtyh;fshfTk;cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpaepiyikapy;cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;nfd;Wnrhe;jtPLfNsh>epyq;fNshfpilahJ.
d ,th;fSf;Fmbg;giltrjpfs;kpfTk;FiwT.
d kJghdk;>fs;mUe;Jk;gof;fKilath;fs;.
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D -
k
d
_
20
12
d xUjhukzk;,th;fs;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d %jhijah;fspd;gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;>kjr;rlq;FfisAk;gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdh;.
d Xt;nthUfpuhkj;jpYk;,th;fSf;nfd;Wfpuhkj;jiyth;fs;cz;L.jq;fSf;Fs;Vw;gLk;gpur;rpid>gphptpidfis,th;fs;%yk;jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kpfTk;Viofshf,Ug;gjhy;fld;thq;fpgpiog;Gelj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d ,e;Jf;fspd;Kf;fpagz;biffshdcfhjp>rq;fuhe;jpianfhz;lhfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
20.nfhz;lhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d nfhz;lhgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>Nfush>jkpo;ehLkw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fs;nfhz;lhNjhuh>nfhz;lhnul;b>nfhz;lhfG+Mfpa%d;WngUk;gphpTfs;cs;sJ.
d $a;vd;Dk;jpuhtplnkhopiag;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d Kd;G,iy>jiofshyhdMiliacLj;jpte;jdh;.jw;NghJ>Fiwe;jmstpyhdJzpMilfismzpag;gofpAs;sdh;.
d ngz;fs;iftisay;fisAk;>FifNghzpvd;wjiyazpiaAk;mzpfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiyNtl;ilahLtJkw;Wk;tptrhak;nra;tJ.
d jq;fSf;FczTk;>jz;zPUk;gw;whf;FiwVw;gLk;NghJ,lk;tpl;L,lk;khwpr;nry;fpd;wdh;.
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
d ,th;fs;jpUkzj;ijrpyrFdq;fisg;ghh;j;JKbTnra;fpd;wdh;.kzkfd;tPl;by;kzg;ngz;zpd;ngauhy;nghq;fypLfpd;wdh;.mhprpnghq;fpdhNyhmy;yJghk;igg;ghh;j;jhNyhjpUkzj;ijepWj;jptpLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fspilNatpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d kidtpkWkzk;nra;jhy;>,uz;lhtJfztd;>Kjy;fztDf;Fg;ghprg;gzj;ijf;nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;.
d ,we;jth;fisvhpg;gJk;>Foe;ijfs;>fh;g;gpzpfs;KjypNahiug;Gijg;gJk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.,we;jthpd;clypYs;sMguzq;fismfw;Wtjpy;iy.,uz;lhtJehsd;WczitRLfhl;bw;FvLj;Jr;nrd;Wgilf;fpd;wdh;.%d;whk;ehs;kj;jhvdg;gLk;<kr;rlq;fpy;,we;jtUf;FcUtk;nra;JtPl;bd;$iuapy;njhq;ftpLfpd;wdh;.mg;nghOJcwtpdh;midtUk;Gyk;gpmOfpd;wdh;.,we;jVohtJehs;gypG+i[elj;jp>jPl;Lfopf;fpd;wd.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
21.,Ush;goq;Fbfs;
d ,Ush;goq;Fbkf;fs;Nfush>fh;ehlfh>jkpo;ehLMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;fhLfspYk;>kiyr;rhuypYk;trpf;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fSf;nfd;WxUjdpnkhopcz;L.,th;fsJNgr;rpy;jkpo;mjpfkhff;fye;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
d ,th;fsplk;kw;wth;fs;tPl;by;rhg;gpLk;gof;fk;,y;iy.,th;fs;kpfTk;fbdkhdciog;ghspfs;.
d fzth;,we;Jtpl;lhYk;>fztuhy;js;spitf;fg;gl;lhYk;ngz;fs;kWkzk;nra;Jnfhs;tjpy;iy.
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D -
k
d
_
20
12
d ,wg;Grlq;Ffspy;jtwhky;vy;NyhUk;fye;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;vd;wkuigf;filgpbj;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d gpzj;ijvhpj;Jrhk;giyg;Gijf;fpd;wdh;.rhk;giyg;Gijj;j,lj;jpy;Nfhapy;vOg;Gfpd;wdh;.
d khtds;svd;wngahpy;khrptpohitelj;Jfpd;wdh;.,t;tpohtpy;fhiyNtisapy;Mz;fs;jPkpjpf;fpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
22.re;jhy;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d re;jhy;goq;Fbkf;fs;gPfhh;>xhp];]h>jphpGuhkw;Wk;Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;re;jhypnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.xhpahnkhopapy;vOJfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Fs;skhdcUtKk;>fWj;jepwKk;>ePz;ljiyAlDk;fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaj;njhopy;tptrhak;.ehNlhbfshd,th;fs;$l;Lf;FLk;gkhfNttho;fpd;wdh;.
d Ie;JcWg;gpdh;fs;nfhz;lgQ;rhaj;JKiwiag;gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdh;.
d jpUkzk;>jpUtpohNghd;wvy;yhrlq;FfisAk;mWtilKbe;jgpwNfitj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ngah;#l;Ltpoh>,e;jr%fj;ijr;Nrh;e;jth;vd;wchpikngWk;tpohitepiwNtw;wpagpd;NgjpUkzr;rlq;FfisNkw;nfhs;schpikAz;L.,tw;iwr;nra;ahjxUtd;,t;tpdg;ngz;izjpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;sKbahJ.mtd;,we;jhy;mlf;fKk;nra;akhl;lhh;fs;.
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D -
k
d
_
20
12
d kzkfd;kzkfspd;new;wpapy;jpyfkpl;lTld;jk;gjpfshfptpLfpd;wdh;.
d tpjitfs;kw;Wk;tpthfuj;Jngw;wth;fs;kWkzk;nra;Jnfhs;Sk;gof;fk;,th;fsplj;jpy;cz;L.
d ,we;jthpd;Mtpf;Fg;gilay;NghLfpd;wdh;.
d kWgpwg;gpy;,th;fSf;FjPtpuek;gpf;ifAz;L.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
23.frth;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d frth;goq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;>Nfhthkw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;F[hnkuh>fhnruhMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.,th;fs;jbj;jcjLk;>RUz;ljiyKbAk;>fWg;GepwKk;cilath;fs;.
d ,th;fs;NgRk;nkhopfd;dlnkhopNahLneUq;fpanjhlh;GilaJ.
d jq;fs;,dj;jpYs;sngz;kw;w,dj;jtUld;tho;e;jhy;mg;ngz;izjq;fs;,dj;jpypUe;Jtpyf;fpitj;JtpLfpd;wdh;.
d tpthfuj;Jnra;jth;fSk;>fztid,oe;jtpjitfSk;kWkzk;nra;Jnfhs;syhk;.
d ,we;jmz;zdpd;kidtpiaj;jk;gpjpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;sf;$lhJ.Mdhy;,we;jjk;gpapd;kidtpiamz;zd;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;syhk;.
d ,th;fs;,we;jth;fisg;Gijf;fpd;wdh;.me;j,lj;jpy;%d;whtJehs;Nfhl;ilf;fy;vd;wfy;xd;iwel;Litj;J>Mz;bw;FxUKiwmt;tplj;jpy;G+i[elj;Jfpd;wdh;.
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D -
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d
_
20
12
d kpff;Fiwe;Jfhzg;gl;l,k;kf;fspd;vz;zpf;ifrkPgfhykhfmjpfhpj;JtUfpwJ.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
24.Nglh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d Nglh;goq;Fbkf;fs;k`huh\;buh>fh;ehlfh>gQ;rhg;kw;Wk;NfhthMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;jpuhtplg;goq;FbfshdNgl;my;yJNglUvdg;gLk;Ntlh;fshFk;.,e;Jf;fs;‘Nglh’vdTk;>K];yPk;fs;‘Ngul;’vdTk;miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;fpuhkf;fhtyh;fshfNtiynra;tjhy;eha;f;fthbmy;yJeha;f;fkf;fSvd;Wk;miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.,th;fs;fd;dlKk;>kuhj;jpAk;fye;JNgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;jpdf;$ypNtiyf;fhuh;fshfTk;>jfty;nrhy;fpwth;fshfTk;,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
d jq;fs;epyq;fspy;Fiwe;jciog;gpy;mjpftpisr;ry;ngwrptdplk;tuj;ijngw;Wf;nfhz;ljhfek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d ghy;atpthfKk;>tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d new;wpapd;kPJk;>fz;fspd;mUfpYk;gr;irf;Fj;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d fd;dpg;ngz;fspy;rpyiu,th;fsJkjFUNfhapYf;Fmioj;Jr;nrd;WflTspd;ngauhy;‘ghrhy’ vdg;gLk;jhrpfshfmwptpf;fpd;wdh;.
d gpy;yp#dpak;>N[hjplk;Nghd;wtw;iwek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d G+Ndapy;[dha;>N[hf;fha;vd;Dk;nja;tq;fisAk;>Nrhyhg;g+hpy;mk;ghgha;>N[hjpghvd;Dk;nja;tq;fisAk;>
d flghgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;kw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Ffl;ghvd;wNtWngaUk;cz;L.,th;fs;kuhj;jpnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d kiyf;Fd;WfspYk;>kiyNahuq;fspYk;>fhLfspYk;xJq;fpNatho;fpd;wdh;.
d Mz;fspy;ngUk;ghNyhh;kpUfq;fspd;Njhiy,Lg;gpy;fl;bf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.ngz;fs;nrb>nfhbkw;Wk;,iy>jiofshYk;cliykiwj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d `hy;b>fhz;Lyhvd;Dk;xUtifjhdpaq;fisg;gaph;nra;Jre;ijfspy;tpw;gidnra;fpd;wdh;.
d kpfTk;fbdkhfciof;Fk;,th;fs;fy;tpawpTk;>cyfmDgtKk;,y;yhjmg;ghtpfshfcs;sdh;.
d Xhplj;jpy;epiyahfj;jq;fptptrhak;nra;ahky;mbf;fbNtwplk;nry;fpd;wdh;.
d efh;g;Gwkf;fisf;fz;lhy;Xbxspe;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.,jdhy;>,th;fsJrKjhaKd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhfg;ghLgLk;murhq;fmjpfhhpfs;jq;fs;flikfisr;rhptunra;aKbahky;rpukg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d ,t;tpdj;jpYs;sMz;fSk;>ngz;fSk;k#yh>ryl;ghvd;Dk;ehl;LkJtiffismUe;Jfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;,aw;ifiaAk;>kpUfq;fisAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d Nga;>gprhRfiskpfTk;ek;Gfpd;wdh;.
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_
20
12
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
26.ehfh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d ehfh;goq;Fbkf;fs;ehfyhe;J>xhp];]h>,uh[];jhd;kw;Wk;jphpGuhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;;.
d ,th;fSf;Fehfuhvd;wNtWngaUk;cz;L.,th;fs;mq;fpfhvd;wnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,k;kf;fspy;mq;fhkp>Nrkh>rhq;f;Mfpakiytho;kf;fs;Kf;fpag;gphptpdh;.
d jr;RNtiy>%q;fpy;nghUl;fs;jahhpj;jy;>kz;ghz;lq;fs;nra;jy;>fUkhh;j;njhopy;nra;jy;Mfpatw;wpy;mjpfkhf<LgLfpd;wdh;.
d ,k;kf;fsplj;jpy;FLk;gr;rz;ilfSk;>rhjpr;rz;ilfSk;jtph;f;fKbahjit.,th;fs;nfhiynra;aTk;jaq;Ftjpy;iy.
d ,jdhy;jq;fs;fpuhkq;fisr;Rw;wpYk;fw;Rth;fisvOg;gpAs;sdh;.ghJfhg;GFopfisAk;Njhz;bitj;Js;sdh;.
d rpWgpur;rpidfSf;Ff;$lkw;wth;fspd;jiyiantl;Ltij,th;fs;ifte;jfiyahff;nfhz;Ls;sdh;.Fwpg;ghfngz;fs;>Foe;ijfisf;nfhd;Wrk;ge;jg;gl;lFLk;gk;jiyvLf;fhky;ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ntl;lg;gl;ljiyfismLf;fpitj;J>moFghh;f;fpd;wdh;.mj;Jld;mJtPutpisahl;lhfTk;fUjg;gLfpwJ.
d ,th;fspy;mbikfs;mjpfk;cs;sdh;.ngz;mbikfs;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;sf;$lhJ.
d Gyp>kdpjd;>Mtp%d;Wk;rNfhjuh;fs;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;
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d
_
20
12
d rpyh;jpUkzkhFk;tiu,sk;ngz;fSf;Fnkhl;ilabj;JtpLfpd;wdh;.moFj;Njhw;wj;jpdhy;Mgj;JVw;gLk;vd;Wgag;gLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
27.gPy;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d gPy;goq;Fbkf;fs;,uh[];jhd;>F[uhj;>k`huh\;buhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;FNjhypgPy;>NkthrpgPy;>uhty;gPy;MfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.gPy;vd;wnrhy;jkpo;r;nrhy;yhfpatpy;ypypUe;Jte;jjhff;fUjg;gLfpwJ.
d ,th;fs;fhLkw;Wk;kiyabthuq;fspy;tho;fpd;wdh;.F[uhj;jpnkhopiambg;gilahff;nfhz;LNgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,k;kf;fs;typikAk;>ijhpaKk;kpFe;jth;fs;.ghuk;ghpakhftpy;tpj;ijapy;ifNjh;e;jth;fs;;.
d kpff;Fiwe;jsTfy;tpwpTilath;fs;.,th;fs;Ntiynra;ahky;rhg;gplNtz;Lnkd;WtpUk;gpjpUlTk;>nfhs;isabf;fTk;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d ghy;atpthfj;ijmDkjpf;fpd;wdh;.
d rpwpNahh;Kjy;nghpNahh;tiuFbg;gof;fj;jpw;Fmbikahfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;ghk;igAk;>gytpjkhdFynja;tq;fisAk;kw;Wk;khk;gok;>thiog;gok;>kuq;fs;>tay;>MW>kiyKjypatw;iwAk;Njtijfshftzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d ,we;jth;fspd;Mtpiatzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d #dpaj;jhYk;>fz;jpU\;bahYk;jhd;xUtUf;FNeha;tUfpwJvd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
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d
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20
12
d jq;fs;tpahjpfisf;Fzkhf;f>gpur;rpidfisj;jPh;f;fke;jpuq;fs;nra;J>gypnfhLg;gJ,th;fsJtof;fk;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
28.nrUkh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d nrUkh;goq;Fbkf;fs;jkpo;ehLkw;Wk;NfushMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.,th;fs;fhLfspYk;>kiyfspYk;tho;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kiyahsnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;Fiwe;jth;fs;.
d rKjhaj;jpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d ngz;fs;ghrpkzpfisf;nfhj;jhfmzpe;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.Mz;fs;gul;ilj;jiyAld;fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d ey;yNjff;fl;Lld;cs;s,th;fspy;Mz;fSk;>ngz;fSk;xNukhjphpahfNtl;bfl;Lfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;guk;giuahftptrhaf;$ypNtiykw;Wk;fhty;fhf;Fk;gzpiar;nra;fpd;wdh;.Ntl;ilahLtjpy;ifj;Njh;e;jth;fs;.
d ngz;fs;taypy;Ntiynra;Ak;nghOJjq;fs;Foe;ijiaKJfpy;fl;bf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d kzg;ngz;khg;gps;isapd;tPl;Lthrypy;Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;cyf;ifia,lJfhyhy;kpjpj;Jf;nfhz;Lcs;Nsnry;yNtz;Lk;.tPl;Lf;Fs;Eioe;jJk;fjwpmoNtz;Lk;.
d jpUkzk;ele;jmd;Wkzkf;fSf;FkJnfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ.
d fUTw;wngz;fs;gyj;Jld;,Uf;fTk;>tpahjpapypUe;JtpLglTk;fUq;Fuq;F,iwr;rpiarhg;gpLfpd;wdh;.
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
d FLk;gj;jpy;gpur;rpidVw;gl;lhy;fpuhkj;jiyth;clNdtpthfuj;JVw;ghLnra;fpwhh;.
d khe;jphPfj;jpy;mjpfek;gpf;ifitj;Js;sdh;.
d rptd;>fhsp>Jh;f;ifNghd;wnja;tq;fistopgLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
29.ehk#j;uhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d ehk#j;uhgoq;Fbkf;fs;Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;>m];]hk;>jphpGuhkw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Frpfhhp>fj;;J}hpah>Nghlhh;>gh;dlh];MfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;tptrhaf;$ypNtiy>kPd;gpbj;jy;>glNfhl;Ljy;Nghd;wNtiyfisr;nra;Jgpiog;Gelj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d fy;tpawptpYk;>nghUshjhuj;jpYk;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d xUjhukzk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.tpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
d jpUkzr;rlq;Ffs;kw;;Wk;vy;yhtpNr\q;fisAk;gpuhkzh;fisitj;Jelj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;midtUk;,e;Jkjr;rlq;FfisAk;>gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;gpd;gw;wptUfpd;wdh;.
d gftjp>gpghjhuzpNghd;wFynja;tq;fisAk;kw;Wk;rpj;jhyh>Nkhdhrhrpth>ru];tjp>gre;jpNghd;wfpuhknja;tq;fisAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
30.nrl;bgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d nrl;bgoq;Fbkf;fs;Nfush>ghz;br;Nrhpkw;Wk;jkpo;ehLMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.,th;fSf;Fmfuk;Ntyd;>nrl;L>fq;ifMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;kiyg;gFjpfspy;tho;e;JtUfpd;wdh;.fd;dlk;>kiyahsk;fye;jnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;gue;jKfKilath;fs;.Mz;fs;Kd;new;wpapy;nfhz;iliag;NghLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiytptrhak;.kpUfq;fisNtl;ilahLtjpy;jpwikrhypfs;.
d FLk;gj;jpYs;snghpath;fsNgrpjpUkzk;nra;Jitf;fpd;wdh;.jpUkzj;Jf;FKd;GkzkfDk;>kzg;ngz;Zk;ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;smDkjpapy;iy.
d ,th;fs;Nfhtpiykhlk;vd;wiof;fpd;wdh;.ngz;fs;NfhtpYf;Fs;nry;yf;$lhJ.ntspapy;epd;NwtopglNtz;Lk;.
d ,we;jth;fisxUehs;itj;jpUe;J>gpd;Gvhpj;J,Wjpr;rlq;Ffisr;nra;fpd;wdh;.kUkfd;khkdhUf;Fk;>kUkfs;khkpahUf;Fk;<kr;nryTnra;aNtz;Lk;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
31.ehabgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d ehabgoq;Fbkf;fs;F[uhj;>Nfush>fh;ehlfhkw;Wk;ghz;br;NrhpMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;F[uhj;jpnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d gyE}w;whz;Lfshfgpwkf;fsplkpUe;Jkiwe;Njtho;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kiyfspd;cr;rpapYk;>Xilfspd;mUfpYk;rpWFbirfisf;fl;btho;e;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;gul;ilj;jiyAlDk;>NfhlhpKbr;Rf;nfhz;ilAlDk;fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d Mz;fs;mOf;FciliaAk;>fhjpy;nts;spf;fLf;fd;my;yJtisaj;ijmzpfpd;wdh;.ngz;fs;rpwpaciliaAk;>fOj;jpy;nts;spr;rq;fpyp>%f;Fj;jpiamzpfpd;wdh;.
d nghpangz;fisehabr;rpvd;Wk;>,sk;ngz;fisnkhyhak;vd;Wk;>rpWkpfiskzpr;rpvd;Wk;miof;fpd;wdh;.
d Njd;>kl;bg;ghy;>muf;FNghd;wtw;iwtpw;gidnra;fpd;wdh;.Fbirj;njhopy;kw;Wk;Njhl;lq;fspy;jpdf;$ypNtiyAk;nra;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d tpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ahuhtJtpahjpg;gl;lhy;fWg;Gf;fk;gspxd;wpd;ehd;F%iyfspYk;fLF>,Q;rp>kQ;rs;>jhk;G+yk;>Njq;fha;,tw;iwitj;Jf;fl;b>me;jf;fk;gspahy;Nehahspia%d;WKiwfl;Lfpd;wdh;.gpd;Gme;jfk;gspiaAk;Xiyf;Fil>jb>nts;shpf;fha;Nghd;witfisAk;xUehabf;Fjhdkhff;nfhLf;fpd;wdh;.,JvkDf;FnfhLf;Fk;jhdk;vd;Wk;>vkDk;Nehahspiatpl;LtpLthd;vd;Wk;ek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;ky;yd;>kiythop>Njtp>gwf;Fl;b>khld;>kUjd;>Kj;JtPuhapkw;Wk;nts;shQ;NrhpMfpaFynja;tq;fistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d NjtpG+i[f;Frpf;fpKf;fpfy;ypdhy;neUg;igcz;lhf;fp
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
gypnrYj;jptzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
32.m`ph;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d m`ph;goq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;kw;Wk;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;khepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fmgph;>mah;>NfhyhMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;`pe;jp>njYq;FMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kj;jpaMrpahtpYs;sGuhjdfy;ntl;Lfspy;‘mgpuh’vd;wiof;fg;gl;L>,q;Fghy;fhuh;fshfFbngah;e;jth;fs;.
d ,th;fs;gbg;gwptpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;kpFe;jNfhgf;fhuh;fshfTk;>Fbntwpah;fshfTk;cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiyMLNka;j;jy;>ghy;tpw;gidnra;jy;kw;Wk;jr;RNtiynra;jy;.
d gyjhukzk;,th;fs;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.Mz;fs;xNuFLk;gj;jpYs;s,uz;Lngz;fisAk;jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d Foe;ijgpwe;jhy;6ehl;fs;tiukidtpia>gps;isiag;ghh;f;ffztDf;FmDkjpapy;iy.
d tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ,th;fs;rpth>rh`hNlh>yl;RkpMfpa,e;Jnja;tq;fistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.NkYk;>fhh;f;bNah>khlh;bNah>FuhahbNahNghd;wrhJf;fisAk;topgLfpd;wdh;.
d fhy;eilfisNeha;fspypUe;JghJfhf;frpq;fh[pvd;w
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
rhJtpw;Fgoq;fs;kw;Wk;rh;f;fiuiaf;nfhLf;fpd;wdh;.
d %lg;gof;ftof;fq;fspy;mjpfek;gpf;ifitj;Js;sdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
33.md;rhhpgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d md;rhhpgoq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>F[uhj;>gPfhh;kw;Wk;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;F[_ypah>fgph;ge;jpMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;cUJnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJguk;giuj;njhopy;nerTnea;jy;.tiynea;jy;>rhak;,Ljy;>ijay;Nghd;wNtiyfisAk;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d jq;fisMjhkpd;topte;jth;fnsd;Wnrhy;ypf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d Muk;gj;jpy;,e;Jf;fshf,Ue;j,th;fs;Rkhh;Ke;E}WtUlq;fspy;nghUshjhufhuzq;fSf;fhfK];yPk;fshfkhwpAs;sjhftuyhw;Wr;rpe;jidahsh;fs;$Wfpd;wdh;.
d ,e;Jf;fs;,];yhkpah;fshfkjk;khwpdjhy;,e;J>,];yhkpaKiwfis,izj;Jtzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d rpymd;rhhpfsplk;khe;jphPfk;>#dpak;>nra;tpidnra;tJk;gof;fj;jpy;,Uf;fpwJ.
d ,th;fspy;ngUk;ghNyhh;jPghtspiaAk;>uk;[hidAk;kpfTk;rpwg;ghff;nfhz;lhLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
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>
D -
k
d
_
20
12
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
34.ghh;G+Q;rhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d ghh;G+Q;rhgoq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;kw;Wk;k`huh\;buhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fghh;G+[h>G+[hthyh>g+h;[;>g+Q;rpahMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;Ngh[;g+hp>`pe;jpMfpankhopiag;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;guk;giuahfjhdpaq;fistWf;Fk;njhopiynra;JtUtjhy;‘ghh;G+Q;rh’vd;wngah;te;jJ.
d ngz;fs;kQ;rs;epwMilfismzptjpy;iy.%f;Fj;jpkw;Wk;jq;feiffismzptjpy;iy.
d Mz;fs;$ypNtiy>Gifapiytpw;gJ>jPg;ngl;bjahhpg;gJNghd;wNtiyfisnra;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Mz;fSf;FIe;JtajpypUe;Jgjpide;Jtajpw;Fs;Sk;>ngz;fSf;Fgjpndhd;Wtajpw;Fs;Sk;;jpUkzk;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d jpUkzk;Kbe;J,uz;LFoe;ijgpwe;jgpd;Ngtujl;riziaf;nfhLf;fpd;wdh;.
d tpthfuj;Jnra;amDkjpapy;iy.tpjitkWkzk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d kJghdk;mUe;Jk;gof;fk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;Gdpjahj;jpiunry;fpd;wdh;
d ,th;fs;gR>fUehfk;>kuk;Nghd;wtw;iwnja;tkhftzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d %jhijah;fspd;MtpfisAk;>hp\p>Kdpth;MfpNahhpd;glq;fisitj;Jk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
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>
D -
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d
_
20
12
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
35.gh`;dhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d gh`;dhgoq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;>kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;kw;Wk;fh;ehlfhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;FJdpah>gpd;[huh>ejhg;MfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;cUJnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fspy;K];yPk;fs;96%kw;Wk;,e;Jf;fs;4%cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fsJguk;giuj;njhopy;gUj;jpgQ;rpypUe;JE}ypiofs;vLg;gJk;>mitfisRj;jg;gLj;JtJk;MFk;.jw;rkak;gQ;rhiyfspd;ngUf;fj;jhy;ngUk;ghNyhh;ngl;bf;filitg;gJ>nrq;fy;RLtJ>vz;nza;vLg;gJkw;Wk;js;Stz;bapy;jphpe;Jrpy;yiwtpahghuk;nra;tJNghd;wgyNtiyfisr;nra;JtUfpd;wdh;.
d ,e;jnjhopy;fhuzkhfmNefh;,e;Jkjj;jpypUe;JK];yPk;fshfkhwpAs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;,e;Jf;fisg;NghyTk;>K];yPk;fisg;NghyTk;jpUkzj;ijelj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;KfkJ>igh;];Nghd;wJwtpfistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d Mtptzf;fKilath;fs;.mRj;jMtpfSf;Fg;gag;gLfpd;wdh;.
d mRj;jMtpfistpul;l,th;fs;Fuhd;njhFg;GfisxUjhspy;vOjpghjpf;fg;gl;lthpd;Kd;dhy;vhpf;fpd;wdh;.,jdhy;mitfs;ePq;Fk;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
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D -
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d
_
20
12
d jq;fs;FUf;fis‘fh]p’vd;wiof;fpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
36.gyha;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d gyha;goq;Fbkf;fs;kj;jpag;gpuNrjk;>,uh[];jhd;>nly;ypkw;Wk;k`huh\;buhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;`pe;jp>NkthhpMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;tptrhaf;$yp>jpdf;$yp>nerTnea;jy;kw;Wk;fhty;fhg;gJNghd;wNtiyfisr;nra;Ak;jho;j;jg;gl;lxUgphptpduhth;.
d ,k;kf;fs;fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;Fiwe;Jfhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d jq;fisj;jho;j;Jfpw>Nftykhfg;NgRfpwcah;[hjp,e;Jf;fspd;nra;ifapypUe;JtpLgl;L>jq;fspd;tho;f;ifj;juj;ijAk;>rKjhaKd;Ndw;wj;ijAk;cah;j;Jk;nghUl;L1897Mk;Mz;by;,th;fspy;mNefh;fpwp];jth;fshfkhwpdh;.
d tpjitkWkzk;mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
d jq;fs;Fynja;tq;fSf;FgypnrYj;jptzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d MtpfSf;Fg;gilf;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;gz;bifehl;fspy;eldkhbAk;Fbj;Jk;kfpo;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;jruh>jPghtspkw;Wk;N`hypgz;biffisf;nfhz;lhLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
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D -
k
d
_
20
12
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
37.Ngha;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d Ngha;goq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;kw;Wk;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;FNfthj;>jpkhh;>f`h;MfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d gy;yf;FJ}f;Ffpwth;fisnfsutkhfmioj;jNfhz;l;];vd;wngahpypUe;JNgha;vd;wnrhy;te;jJ.
d ,th;fs;`pe;jp>mq;fpfhMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d gbg;gwptpy;kpfTk;Fiwe;jth;fs;
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiykPd;gpbj;jy;>glFXl;Ljy;>tptrhak;nra;jy;MFk;.
d ,th;fs;Vo;ikapYk;>kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpaepiyikapYk;tho;fpd;wdh;.
d xUtDf;FxUj;jpvd;wKiw,Ue;jhYk;kidtpgps;isngwhjpUe;jhNyhmy;yJjPuhjtpahjpapy;,Ue;jhNyhNtWngz;idkze;Jnfhs;syhk;.
d tpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d kzkhfhjMz;xUtpjitiakzf;ftpUk;gpdhy;Gdpjkukhff;fUjg;gLk;kuj;jpw;Frlq;ifnra;jgpd;Gkzf;fNtz;Lk;.
d jq;fistplfPohdtUld;czTcz;gjpy;iy.
d jhq;fNstPLfspy;kJghdj;ijj;jahhpf;fpd;wdh;.
d gpy;yp#dpak;>Vty;Nghd;wtw;wpy;ek;gpf;iff;nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
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_
20
12
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
38.ghh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d ghh;goq;Fbkf;fs;cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;>gPfhh;>Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fuh[;ghh;>guj;>ghh;gj;thvd;wNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;`pe;jp>ngq;fhypMfpankhopfspy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJKf;fpaNtiyjpdf;$yp>tptrhaf;$ypNtiyMFk;
d rpyrkaq;fspy;topg;gwpkw;Wk;ney;>jhdpaq;fisf;nfhs;isapLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kJghdj;ijmjpfkhfFbf;fpd;wdh;
d Mz;fSk;>ngz;fSk;Gifgpbf;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsplj;jpy;tpgr;rhuk;gutyhfcs;sJ
d ,th;fs;ghypdxOq;fPdj;ijg;gw;wpftiyg;gLtjpy;iy.
d ngz;fisIe;Jmy;yJVOtajpw;Fs;jpUkzk;nra;JtpLfpd;wdh;.
d gj;JtaJf;FNky;jpUkzkhfhjngz;fisuh[h];topvd;Wmtkhdkhfmiof;fpd;wdh;.
d kfg;NgWfhyj;jpy;%jhl;bfs;ngz;zpd;jiykPJfhRfisAk;>jhdpaq;fisAk;J}Tfpd;wdh;.Rfg;gpurtk;Vw;gl;lhy;gd;wpfisg;gypapLfpd;wdh;.
d tpthfuj;Jk;>tpjitkWkzKk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d jq;fs;nja;tq;fSf;Fk;>MtpfSf;Fk;kpUfq;fisg;gypapLfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
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20
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d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
39.ky;yhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d ky;yhgoq;Fbkf;fs;gPfhh;>cj;jpug;gpuNjrk;kw;Wk;Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ngUk;ghYk;ejpNahuq;fspYk;>gs;sj;jhf;FfspYk;trpf;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;glFXl;Lk;‘ghyp’vd;wre;jjpapypUe;Jte;jth;fshf$wg;gLfpwJ.
d Khpahhp>KhpahpMfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d ngq;fhypnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;jho;j;jg;gl;l,dkhff;fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;.,th;fs;jq;fSf;FK];yPk;ngah;fisitj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d glFXl;Ljy;>jpdf;$ypkw;Wk;hpf;\h,Og;gJNghd;wNtiyfisr;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kpfTk;Viofshf,Ug;gjhy;rhpahdcilfismzptjpy;iy.
d ,th;fs;guk;giuahfngz;fisgd;dpuz;Ltajpw;FKd;ghfNtjpUkzk;nra;JnfhLj;JtpLfpd;wdh;.
d jq;fSf;Fs;Vw;gLk;gpur;rpidfs;kw;Wk;[hjpg;gpur;rpidfisgQ;rhaj;J%yk;jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,e;Jf;fspd;Kf;fpanja;tq;fshdfhsp>gftjp>kfhgPh;>gph;jpahgPh;>fq;fhkha;>rpgyhkha;>ghUd;>k`hyl;Rkpiatzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Jh;Njtijfisrkhjhdg;gLj;jgypfisr;nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;.
zA^:d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^
\V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
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d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
40.jhq;fh;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d jhq;fh;goq;Fbkf;fs;F[uhj;>k`huh\;buh>fh;ehlfhkw;Wk;xhp];]hMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;Ml;bilah;,dj;ijr;rhh;e;jth;fs;.
d k`h;fs;vd;wiof;fl;l,th;fs;‘fpU\;zd;’vd;wflTshy;Ngh\pf;fg;gl;Ltsh;e;jje;ijapd;re;jjpapduhffUJfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;kuhj;jp>fd;dlk;>F[uhj;jpkw;Wk;kyha;Nghd;wnkhopfisg;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d Mz;fs;;jiyapy;Kz;lhRfl;bf;nfhz;Lk;>,Lg;gpypUe;J%l;LtiuxUNghh;itiaAk;Nghh;j;jpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ngz;fs;ghthilazpe;Jrptg;Gmy;yJkQ;rs;Gs;spfs;nfhz;lfk;gspj;Jz;iljiyapy;Rw;wpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsplk;,d;Wk;Foe;ijj;jpUkzk;eilKiwapy;cs;sJ.
d gykidtpfs;itj;Jf;nfhs;tijfsq;fkhf,th;fisfUJtjpy;iy.
d kWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d ,we;jth;fisvhpj;Jtpl;L>Jf;fk;mDrhpf;fFbf;fpd;wdh;.
d [hjpf;fl;Lg;ghl;ilkPWfpwth;fSf;Fmguhjk;tpjpf;fpd;wdh;.
d jPtpukhfkPWgth;fis[hjpiatpl;Ltpyf;fpitf;fpd;wdh;.
d ke;jpuk;>gpy;yp#dpak;Nghd;witfisek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d khjh>k`hNjt;kw;Wk;[yghg;[pvd;Dk;nja;tq;fistzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
zA^:
d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^ \V VD.
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20
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d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
41.gahfuhgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d gahfuhgoq;Fbkf;fs;Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>fh;ehlfh>k`huh\;buhMfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;njYq;F>fd;dlk;Mfpankhopfisg;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;Ngfhhp>Ngfhuh>NgfhNuhYMfpaNtWngah;fshYk;miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d kpff;Fiwe;jsTfy;tpawpitg;ngw;Ws;sdh;.
d fl;blk;fl;Ljy;>tptrhak;nra;jy;>MLkhLNka;j;jy;>rtf;Fopntl;Ljy;Nghd;wNtiyfisnra;fpd;wdh;.
d ,t;tpdj;jpYs;srpWgps;isfs;kw;wth;fSilagz;izfspYs;sML>khLfisNka;f;fpd;wdh;.
d ViofshfTk;>rKjhaj;jpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpath;fshfTk;cs;sdh;.
d ,th;fs;trpf;Fk;gFjpapy;kUj;Jtk;Nghd;wmbg;giltrjpfs;,y;iy.
d NghJkhdFbePh;trjpapy;yhjgbapdhy;>Fsq;fspYk;>fpzWfspYk;jz;zPh;vLj;JtUfpd;wd.
d tl;bf;Fffld;nfhLf;Fk;nry;te;jh;fisAk;>tpahghhpfisAk;ek;gpjq;fs;tho;f;ifiaelj;Jfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fs;rKjhaj;jpy;ve;jtpjKd;Ndw;wKk;,y;yhky;tho;fpd;wdh;.
zA^:
d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^ \V VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
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d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
42.Nglh[q;fk;goq;Fbkf;fs;
d Nglh[q;fk;goq;Fbkf;fs;k`huh\;buh>fh;ehlfhkw;Wk;Me;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpd;flNyhuj;jpYs;suhay;rPkhkw;Wk;njYq;fhdhMfpagFjpfspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;FGl;fh[q;fk;>[q;fk;MfpaNtWngah;fSk;cz;L.
d k`huh\;buhkhepyj;jpy;Nglhvd;why;gpr;irf;fhud;vd;Wk;>[q;fk;vd;why;tzq;Ffpwth;fs;vd;Wk;mh;j;jk;.
d njYq;Fnkhopiag;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fSf;Fg;NghJkhdfy;tptrjpapy;iy.
d kpfTk;Fiwe;jth;fNsfy;tpgapd;Ws;sdh;.
d mbg;giltrjpfs;kpfTk;FiwT.
d tptrhak;Kf;fpaNtiyMFk;.
d Mz;fSf;F,UgJtajpNyNaAk;>ngz;fSf;Fgjpdhd;FtajpNyAk;jpUkzk;nra;Jitg;gJeilKiwapy;cs;sJ.
d ngUk;ghyhdMz;fs;mjpfkhdngz;fisjpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;.
d kJmUe;Jk;gof;fKilath;fs;.
d ngl;lF\hap>gpwd;lhYvd;wnja;tq;fisAk;kw;Wk;jq;fs;%jhijah;fspd;MtpfisAk;tzq;Ffpd;wdh;.
d jq;fs;FLk;gj;jpy;elf;Fk;vy;yhrlq;FfSf;Fk;>jq;fSf;FtUk;vy;yhtpahjpfSf;Fk;ke;jputhjpaplk;fye;jhNyhrpf;fpd;wdh;.
d mRj;jMtpfistpul;lke;jputhjpfismioj;Jgpy;y#dpak;nra;fpd;wdh;.
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43.fhrpahgoq;Fbkf;fs;
d fhrpahgoq;Fbkf;fs;jphpGuh>Nkw;Ftq;fhsk;>xhp];]hkw;Wk;kj;jpag;gpuNjrk;Mfpakhepyq;fspy;mjpfkhfcs;sdh;.
d ,th;fSf;F`l;b>nuy;ypMfpangah;fSk;cz;L.
d ,th;fs;ehf;G+hpahnkhopapy;NgRfpd;wdh;.
d fy;tpawptpy;kpfTk;gpd;jq;fpAs;sdh;.
d ,jdhy;rKjhatsh;r;rpapy;ve;jtpjKd;Ndw;wKk;,y;yhky;kpfTk;Viofshftho;fpd;wdh;.
d Jg;GuTgzpiar;nra;fpd;wdh;.
d Foe;ijg;gUtj;jpNyNajpUkzk;nra;JtpLfpd;wdh;.
d ,th;fsJjpUkzr;rlq;Ffs;kpfvspikahdit.ckh;vd;wxUkuf;fpisiael;L>kzkf;fs;kPJkQ;rs;nghbiaj;J}tp>kuf;fpisiaVOKiwtyk;te;jhy;jpUkzk;Kbe;jJ.
d kzkf;fs;tPLte;jTld;xUNfhopmy;yJMl;ilntl;bmjd;jiyiathrypy;Gijf;fpd;wdh;.kzkf;fspd;new;wpapy;,uj;jj;jpyfkpLfpd;wdh;.
d tpjitkWkzKk;>tpthfuj;Jk;tof;fj;jpYs;sJ.
d jw;fhypfkhfjs;spitf;fg;gl;lngz;fs;jq;fs;jiyKbiaePf;fpagpd;GNrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;.
d vtiuAk;ngah;r;nrhy;ypf;$g;gpLtjpy;iy.mJNtkuzj;Jf;Ff;fhuzkhFk;vd;Wek;Gfpd;wdh;.
d Fjpiuianja;tkhftopgLfpd;wdh;.fh;khvDk;gz;bifiaf;nfhz;lhLfpd;wdh;.md;Wxukuf;fpisiantl;bfhzpf;ifnrYj;jp,uTk;>gfYk;ed;whfFbj;Jtpl;LMz;fSk;>ngz;fSk;eldkhLfpd;wdh;.
d ,we;jgRitj;njhLtJFw;wk;.mRj;jhtpgpbj;jkdpjidnrUg;ghy;mbj;Jtpul;Lfpd;wdh;.
zA^: d > \^ \]l_ V|D k\ \uD \ W^ \V
VD.
d > \z >kBV _V k]D Fm V|D, _s u V|D VD.
d > \^ \]l_ V|D VDB J D^ \V, BV\ ^ E VD.
d k^ \]l_ srD s| kD V VB ]V \V VD.
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d > 1910D g| [\V > V[ M_ cwzD \ k> \VV| um. D\VV_ kkVF_ ^ \kVFA kw ko]. >B|m 1911D g| g]BV, [ \ V , \ M g B V | _ k > \ ] D VVm. [ x>_ kV g|D \V 8D >] cD xkmD \ ]D VV|m. [ EA >[\^, B_V|V gk m]VD.
d c_ km kD V|_ J[_ | z V|^ \ \uD MB [V \Vm kE m k[. ]_ ]BV, V V[k _ kE u^. 2015D guz^ > V|^ [D \D kE D [ c k \uD k> W]BD \uV gFs_ >B km^m. \B a]_ ]BV V kD EV ~|VuV >k m]VD.
d nB V|^ l[ VmBVV ]. V[ddJ[ k^ 2km xBV Vl[ >>|V. >B|m k \KD 5 g|^ >sl_ V. V[ddJz 197 V|^ D kzD nB V|^ \>V g> >m. *|D >m | V[ddJ[ kV >k m]VD.
d \]B gEB VV >VM_ u k]uz z V \ > >>o_ V[ x[V^ k \ V |[BVkV x>_ ]V >>|V.
d \z \ c\ zD kl_ nB V|^ l_ \ \ ckV A>_ |^m. 4 g|z z A>_ m^m.
d k> W]B][ A]B >kV V[ V[ W]B\ [ V > FB|^V. >[ JD > \[ x>_ >k [ \B k V. \V, BV, V, nVB V|[ g>[ V > FBV.
d >uVEB V]B mwA \V V \[ A]B >\ BVV \Vyk > V]\V ]BVV X 2.3.2011 [ V > V\V|s_ > s B u V V . g V M > V [ , k V > D , V[, ]BV, \Vy, VD, V>V[, gB
8 V| c^B V \[ 10km >\ BVVD, k\[ x>_ BV [D \BD k u^V.