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U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F S T A T E

November 1998

StateStateM a g a z i n e

AntananarivoAntananarivoChanging With The Times

Coming in December:

Bureau of the Month–

Phot

o by

Kip

Sch

wab

e

StateStateState Magazine (ISSN 1099–4165) is published monthly, except

bimonthly in July and August, by the U.S. Department of State, 2201C St., N.W., Washington, DC. Periodicals postage paid at Washington,DC. POSTMASTER: Send changes of address to State Magazine,PER/ER/SMG, SA-6, Room 433, Washington, DC 20522-0602. StateMagazine is published to facilitate communication between manage-ment and employees at home and abroad and to acquaint employeeswith developments that may affect operations or personnel. Themagazine is also available to persons interested in working for theDepartment of State and to the general public.

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Magazine

Carl GoodmanEDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Donna MilesDEPUTY EDITOR

Kathleen GoldyniaDESIGNER

ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS

James WilliamsCHAIRMAN

Sally LightEXECUTIVE SECRETARY

Albert Curley Colleen Hope

Kenneth HunterStevenson McIlvaine

Wayne OshimaGary Pergl

Independence Avenue in Antananarivo.

StateContents

D e p a r t m e n t o f S t a t e • U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a

StateMagazine

November 1998No. 419

C O L U M N S

2 From the Secretary

4 Direct From the D.G.

33 Safety

34 Dr. Dumont

40 State of the Arts

52 Library Report

D E P A R T M E N T S

3 Letters to the Editor

5 In the News

39 Obituaries

42 Personnel Actions

51 Education & Training

On the CoverGare Soarano, the train station

in Madagascar’s capital.Photo by

Eliana Saxton

U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F S T A T E

November 1998

StateStateM a g a z i n e

AntananarivoAntananarivoChanging With The Times

Employee Brian White withcars bound for overseas.

6 Office of the Month: Logistics ManagementWhether it’s cars or computers, these two support activitieshandle the vital logistics.

10 Post of the Month: AntananarivoAn island the size of Texas, Madagascar teems with uniqueanimal and plant life along with challenges in democracy and economics.

16 Toasting TandemsForging successful careers as a couple in the Foreign Service isgetting easier, according to those who have cleared the hurdles.

22 Paying TributeThe nation officially honors Americans and Africans killedand injured in the embassy bombings in East Africa.

24 Personal SecurityEmployees should take precautions to combat threats posed byterrorism stateside and overseas, advises Diplomatic Security.

27 Diplomatic TerrorA diplomat’s wife provides an eyewitness account of thebombing tragedy in Nairobi.

28 In a Class by ThemselvesThe 88th Foreign Service Officer orientation class boasts attor-neys, teachers and stockbrokers, just to name a few.

30 ErgonomicsThere’s relief on site when work becomes a real pain in the neck.

6

10

Photo by Carl Goodman

Some decades ago, in the depth of Cold War tensions, the late journalist WalterLippman wrote about the realities of his time in words that may serve as a warn-ing to ours.

“With all the danger and worry it causes . . . the Soviet challenge may yet prove . . . ablessing. For. . . if our influence . . . were undisputed, we would, I feel sure, slowly dete-riorate. Having lost our great energies because we did not exercise them, having lost ourdaring because everything was . . . so comfortable. We would . . . enter into the declinewhich has marked . . . so many societies . . . when they have come to think there is nogreat work to be done, and that the purpose of life is to hold on and stay put. For thenthe night has come and they doze off and they begin to die.”

Lippman’s fear is being put to the test in this decade. The Soviet challenge is gone.The military might and economic power of the United States is unrivaled. Certainlythere are some among us who now believe “there is no great work to be done” and thatall we have to do to ensure our prosperity, security and freedom is to “hold on and stayput.” If their views were truly to take hold and gather strength, I would fear gravely forour country.

Accordingly, as Secretary of State, one of my most important jobs is to call attentionto the dangers that still confront us and to the direct connection that exists between thesuccess or failure of our foreign policy and the day-to-day lives of the American people.Amid the hubbub of other events, this can be a challenging task. This fall, I have madea concerted effort to get out of Washington to speak to audiences in the South, theMidwest and on the Pacific coast.

My message responds to Walter Lippman’s warning. There are no shortcuts to lead-ership and no time outs to history. The tasks our generation confronts, although lessobvious and dramatic than those of the Second World War or the Cold War, are just asimportant. There is no single battlefield, but rather a series of tests from Korea to theBalkans, and from Central Africa to the Middle East.

Overall, our challenge is to take the actions, forge the agreements and set the exam-ple that will enable us to bring the world closer together around basic principles ofdemocracy, open markets, law and a commitment to peace. If we fail, we may see theprogress that has been made toward building a more stable and prosperous world com-munity unravel at 21st-century speed.

But if we succeed, the American people will benefit from a global economy that hasregained its footing and resumed broad-based growth. Our neighborhoods will be moresecure from the scourge of drugs and terror. We will find it safer, easier and morerewarding to trade, travel, invest and study abroad. And our armed forces will be calledupon less often to respond to urgent and deadly threats.

Although the most we can hope for in our time is to build a solid foundation for sucha world, it is nevertheless a tall order. It is, without doubt, “great work”—worthy of theAmerican people, a challenge to this Department and essential to our future.

2 State Magazine

FFRROOMM TTHHEE SSEECCRREETTAARRYY

Madeleine AlbrightSecretary of State

Still Much Work To Be Done

November 1998 3

LLEETTTTEERRSS TTOO TTHHEE EEDDIITTOORR

Africa Bureau Says ThanksDear Editor:

On behalf of the Africa Bureau, Iwould like to express my sincereappreciation to all of those who lentsupport and provided hands-on assis-tance during the grave tragedy in EastAfrica. I am sincerely impressed andheartened by the overwhelminglyquick, steady and dedicated responseof the Department of State and itsextended family. So many workedunder immense pressure and aroundthe clock to mobilize emergency assis-tance and supplies, relocate embassypersonnel and provide technical sup-port—to meet the needs of not onlyour colleagues and their families, butalso of the African victims of the atro-cious Aug. 7 bombing in Kenya andTanzania. Your staunch professional-ism was matched only by your gen-uine and deep compassion.

This has been an emotional timefor so many of us, a time of pro-found sadness and grief. But asSecretary Albright noted atAndrews Air Force Base on Aug. 13,“terror. . . cannot change America’sdetermination to lead or strive withothers to build a world where thereis more hope and prosperity, free-dom and peace.” When I traveledwith Secretary Albright to theregion, I was struck by the effect ofsuch a cowardly act of a few on somany Africans and Americans. Ithank all of you for your tremen-dous hard work and dedication—spouses, Foreign Service Nationalpersonnel, ambassador-designees,staff from regional bureaus (espe-cially the Bureau of Inter-AmericanAffairs that did an outstanding jobcoordinating memorial services),junior officers serving on overnighttask force shifts and volunteers from

our sister agencies. Without yourteamwork, we could not have copedeffectively with this crisis.

Susan RiceAssistant Secretary for African Affairs

Thanks for Anti-SmokingMessageDear Editor:

The Centers for Disease Controland Prevention would like to com-mend the U.S. Ambassador toSenegal, Dane F. Smith Jr., for hisclear message, delivered on WorldNo-Tobacco Day in May, about thetobacco industry’s marketing activi-ties designed to link their deadlyproducts with images of wealth,glamour, sex appeal and sports.Through his actions and comments,Ambassador Smith has greatlystrengthened the President’s direc-tive. In addition, the U.S. Embassy inSenegal donated one of its used com-puters to the new Senegalese anti-tobacco federation. This demon-strates one more tangible way forU.S. posts overseas to act upon thePresident’s directive on internationaltobacco control, which encouragesposts to “promote” and “assist” anti-tobacco activities in their host coun-tries.

Michael P. EriksenDirector, Office on Smoking and HealthCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, Ga.

Letters should not exceed 250words and should include thewriter’s name, address and daytimephone number. Letters will be editedfor length and clarity. Only signedletters will be considered. Namesmay be withheld upon request.

You can also reach us [email protected].

From the EditorAlthough it’s been nearly three months since the bombings of our

embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, the healing process continues.While the Aug. 13 ceremony inside a hangar at Andrews Air Force Base,Md., was for family and friends, the memorial service at the NationalCathedral in Washington, D.C., Sept. 11 was the nation’s formal tribute tothose killed and injured in the East African tragedy. It was a solemn butmoving service filled with song and celebration, hope and inspiration.“We have lost something, but what remains is very important,” said theRev. Jesse L. Jackson so eloquently in his sermon.

In this issue, we discover two little-known activities responsible fordelivering worldwide everything from our service pins and cars to com-puters (and this magazine). And we visit Antananarivo (which may beeasier than pronouncing it), our post of the month on the Texas-sizeisland of Madagascar, where a native icon, the lemur, holds court.

The goal of ergonomics, we learn in this issue, is not to endure achesand pains, but to “fit the environment to the worker.” Enough said.

We also toast tandems and meet several couples who have survivedand thrived in this special arrangement and who applaud theDepartment’s appointment of a full-time coordinator for tandems.

Speaking of special arrangements, we are sort of tandems, too, in ourreader-magazine relationship, and we encourage you to let us know fromtime to time how the “marriage” is doing.

As you read this column, the1998–99 Foreign Service openassignments cycle is in fullswing. This year we haveimplemented more changes to

build on the innovations of past year. I wantall Foreign Service personnel and CivilService employees interested in excursiontours to understand these changes and thereasons for them.

Last year, we initiated an effort to stream-line the whole assignment cycle by creatinga timeline of measures to yield an orderly butrapid “cascade” of decisions from senior lev-els down. This year we are continuing thepush. Our Senior Foreign Service and ForeignService-01 colleagues were required to sub-mit their bids this year by Sept. 18, before theOct. 16 deadline for the rest of the ForeignService. This head start enabled us to begin filling keyslots earlier this cycle and to make progress on the mostsenior assignments. In the second week of October, the DCommittee, led by Deputy Secretary Strobe Talbott,made recommendations for all chief of mission positionsfor the summer of 1999. We also picked candidates for1999’s Senior Seminar in October, well before other pres-tigious senior assignments were made. This month, wecompleted selecting our best 01s for training at the WarColleges and other educational institutions in 1999.Finally, the DCM Committee and the DCM/SEPCommittee are scheduled to complete their selections bythe end of the month. The streamlined assignments cycleallows candidates to know earlier where to focus theirbidding efforts.

I want to continue to focus on some of our basic bid-ding guidelines during this assignment cycle. This pastsummer, I instructed the Career Development andAssignments staff to identify Foreign Service employ-ees in the 1999 cycle who were subject to fair share bid-ding requirements or who had not served at least onetour in Washington in the past 15 years. Some of thesecolleagues received friendly “reminders” to includehardship and Washington jobs on their bid lists. I alsotold CDA to monitor closely the limits on continuousservice in the United States—the so-called six-to-eight-year rules. Enforcing these guidelines is essential if weare to keep a Foreign Service built on equity and a bal-ance of domestic and overseas experience. In talkingwith colleagues around the world, I am struck by theirunanimous support for more rigorous enforcement ofbidding rules.

Tandem couples are a high priority for all ofus in Personnel. As more and more tandemsrise in seniority, we must show increasingflexibility and creativity to keep them togeth-er. Guided by ethics and antinepotism guide-lines, we are strong supporters of same-postemployment of both tandem members. I amhappy to report that, in last year’s assignmentcycle, 95 percent of tandem couples were sat-isfied with their assignments.

We are working toward adopting a new pol-icy to better align the tours of duty of newhires whose spouses are in the Foreign Service.

We are also taking steps to make the Hard-to-Fill exercise more transparent for CivilService employees seeking excursions. I knowthat last year many Civil Service colleagueswere frustrated to find that jobs listed on theHard-to-Fill list instead went to Foreign

Service employees bidding on stretch assignments. Thisyear Civil Service Hard-to-Fill assignments will beginthree weeks after the Foreign Service stretch seasonopens—to avoid misleading Civil Service bidders aboutthe availability of Foreign Service jobs. I am also happy toreport that Top Secret clearances will no longer be a pre-condition for Civil Service personnel to bid on ForeignService Hard-to-Fill positions. This requirement deterredmany otherwise qualified Civil Service bidders last yearand was strongly criticized by the Civil Service ombuds-man. In this cycle, all Civil Service employees with at leasta Secret clearance are eligible to bid on these jobs, althoughthey will need to have a Top Secret clearance before beingallowed to leave for post.

Finally, in response to widespread urging by bureaus andothers, I created a new Assignments Office in CDAdesignedto enable the counseling officers to do more of what they dobest—counseling! This new office represents the interests ofthe bureaus and will avoid the conflicts of interest that occa-sionally arose in the past two years when the same coun-selor represented both bidders and bureaus.

In a perfect world, all employees would get their first-choice jobs and bureaus or posts their top candidates.There is no way I or any director general can make thathappen. But my staff and I can work toward an openassignments process that meets the needs of the ForeignService, responds to the personal and professional aspira-tions of our colleagues, best develops the officers who willlead us in the future and upholds the principles of trans-parency and equity. We know we have not yet reachedthose goals across the board, but we are continuing tofocus our efforts in that direction. �

4 State Magazine

DDIIRREECCTT FFRROOMM TTHHEE DD..GG..BY EDWARD W. “SKIP” GNEHM JR.

Streamliningthe

AssignmentCycle

November 1998 5

II NN TT HH EE NN EE WW SS

Elder Care Forum SlatedThe Association of American Foreign Service

Women will convene an Elder Care Forum onNov. 3 at Main State to discuss the realities ofproviding elder care, either overseas or fromoverseas. A panel of experts representingoffices in the Department and other agencieswill participate.

The forum is scheduled from 9:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. in Room 1912.

Envoys NominatedRand Beers—assistant secretary for InternationalNarcotics and Law Enforcement AffairsCraig Gordon Dunkerley—special envoy forConventional Forces in EuropeHarold Hongju Koh—assistant secretary for Democracy,Human Rights and LaborB. Lynn Pascoe—U.S. ambassador to MalaysiaPeter F. Romero—assistant secretary for Inter-AmericanAffairsMichael J. Sullivan—U.S. ambassador to IrelandC. David Welch—assistant secretary for InternationalOrganization Affairs

More complete biographical information will be providedwhen these nominees are confirmed by the Senate.

Combined FederalCampaign Continues

The State Department’s 1998 Combined FederalCampaign continues through Dec. 18.

The campaign, which has a goal of raising approximate-ly $1.1 million, supports more than 2,500 voluntary andcharitable organizations, including the Department’s childcare center, the Foreign Service Youth Foundation and theAmerican Foreign Service Association Scholarship Fund.Employees are encouraged to give through the payrolldeduction plan, which allows contributors to spread adonation over the entire year in relatively small amounts.

Contributors are free to designate their favorite chari-ties from among those listed in the “CFC Catalog ofCaring.” Employees may designate up to five charities,officials noted.

Employees serving overseas are reminded that interna-tional service agencies are one of the major groupingsunder the CFC umbrella. Last year, these internationalagencies reached an estimated 150 million people in morethan 100 countries.

The annual CFC drive is the only time of the year thatfederal employees are canvassed officially for charity.Employees are encouraged to return pledge cards to theirCFC keyworker.

Last year only 32 percent of State employees con-tributed to the CFC, compared with 53 percent in federalagencies of comparable size, campaign officials said.

Assisting FSNs inKenya, Tanzania

Employees have contributed approximately $150,000to help State’s foreign national employees in Nairobi andDar es Salaam and their families through the EmergencyRelief Fund for Foreign National Employees.

Established in 1994, the fund enables the Department torespond to crises or humanitarian requests on behalf of for-eign national employees working for the U.S. government.In the cases of FSNs involved in the recent bombings, thefund will help defray costs not covered by the U.S. govern-ment, such as lodging for the family of an injured FSN whowere medevaced with him for care in Germany.

Recent tragedies have caused the Emergency Relief Fundto run low, so additional contributions will allow State torespond quickly and compassionately to this and otheremergencies like those caused by recent floods in WestAfrica and Hurricane Georges in the Dominican Republic.

Contributions may be made by check payable to theDepartment of State and earmarked for the ForeignNational Emergency Relief Fund. The checks should besent to:

DEPARTMENT OF STATEFSN Emergency Fundc/o Donna BordleyFMP, Room 7427Washington, DC 20520

The fund assists locally employed staff of all agencies,not just the Department of State. Donations are taxdeductible.

Story and photos by Carl Goodman

Tucked away off Interstate 95 in Springfield, Va., out-side Washington, D.C., is an operation that managerMick Miller calls “too much of a well-kept secret.”

That well-kept secret is the Department’s SupplyServices Center that receives, inventories and shipseverything from cars and computers to safes, service pinsand official photos of the President and Vice President—usually within three days.

“Our goal is to move, not park, items,” commented thesenior Foreign Service officer of a little-known operationconducted from a 47,000-square-foot facility near the U.S.Army’s Fort Belvoir.

Part of the Bureau of Administration’s LogisticsManagement Office, the center services all U.S. Missionsoverseas and domestic State entities, including some 40annexes in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area andother locations around the country. For example, the cen-ter delivers approximately 10 tons of paper weekly toMain State.

The center also prepares items for shipment by classi-fied and unclassified pouch, regular air cargo, State-sponsored support flights and container ships. During1997, the center prepared more than 500 20- and 40-footcontainers for shipment overseas. This year, the staffexpects to ship more than 200 State vehicles, some spe-cially armored for diplomatic personnel serving in high-security areas of the world.

Another State facility, the Baltimore Logistics Center, a1.7-million-square-foot facility at Middle River, Md., ofwhich State occupies 250,000 square feet, handles most ofthe bulk shipments such as construction materialsrequired by the Office of Federal Buildings Operations.

When an order arrives at Springfield, the center match-es it up with a copy of the purchase order received earlierfrom the Office of Acquisitions Management, another

6 State Magazine

A ‘StateSecret’

Two components of the Bureau ofAdministration’s LogisticsManagement Office–the SupplyServices Center in Springfield, Va.,and the Diplomatic Pouch/MailFacility in Sterling, Va.–provide critical support services to employeesat home and overseas.

Aron Marble, left, and Brian White, Services Supply Centeremployees, inspect an order of service pins bound for Rangoon.

Using and Disposing of Federal Property ProperlyBy Edward L. Jeter

The State Department and Department of Agriculture agreed in 1995 to have USDA dispose of State’s surplus federal personal property and provide related services on request in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area only.

The chief of the Supply Services Center, a part of the Bureau of Administration’s Logistics Management Office, isresponsible for the operational function of the excess Federal Personal Property Utilization and Disposal Program in theWashington area. Two property utilization and disposal specialists, Barry Wilson and Sandra Miller, are located at StateAnnex SA-4. They can be reached on (703) 644-3441 or (703) 644-3490, by fax at (703) 644-3477 or by e-mail. The spe-cialists are responsible for the operational function of the program and act as the liaison between State and USDA. Theyoversee federal personal property use, including scheduling and removal, and screening of excess and surplus federalpersonal property at other federal agencies. They account for excess personal property by submitting reports to USDAand the General Services Administration for property transferred between State and other agencies. They maintain con-tact with other federal agencies personnel through routine visits and by telephone to resolve problems and ensure thatthe Department’s Property Utilization and Disposal Program is operating effectively and efficiently. When requested, theywill visit offices to assist with the actual disposal process.

The specialists also order and maintain a stock of office furniture and carpet, referred to as the F-stock. The F-stock con-sists of new executive (mostly wood) furniture and a small selection of new carpet. They operate a furniture rehabilitationprogram, in which furniture (mostly wood) can be refinished or reupholstered. They can also arrange for bureau personnelto screen what is referred to as “as-is” federal personal property at USDA or GSA. As-is property has been excessed in var-ious conditions and is free, except for the cost of delivery (you can provide your own transportation), but must be used forofficial government business and accounted for as required by regulations.

USDA and GSA have an extensive furniture program of new and rehabilitated (on-hand, in-stock) furniture and as-isproperty. They also have literally hundreds of patterns to choose from to have furniture reupholstered. Even though theseservices are restricted to the Washington, D.C., area, Mr. Wilson and Ms. Miller will assist all Department personnel,regardless of their location, with questions about federal property use and disposal. Normally, excess federal personalproperty overseas is not returned to Washington, D.C., but is disposed of locally according to regulations. For more infor-mation, contact one of the following offices in the order listed: post general services officer; chief of the property man-agement branch; chief of the Supply Services Center; and the Property Utilization and Disposal Unit.

The author is a property utilization and disposal specialist.

Logistics Magagement Office operation, to ensure that cus-tomers are getting what they ordered. Once verified, theorder moves to A/LM’s Diplomatic Pouch/Mail Facilityin Sterling, Va., near Dulles International Airport, where itis bagged and tagged with an invoice and pouch number.If a customer requests a tracer, the Sterling facility can useany State pouch registry number to locate the shipment.

A diplomatic courier for 33 of his 37 years with theForeign Service, Mr. Miller believes State organizations canprofit from knowing more about the center’s operations.He’s pleased that the Foreign Service Institute is gearing upits administrative and general service officer courses toinclude lectures and visits to the warehouse, about 20 milessouth of Washington, D.C. He hopes FSI’s new efforts willhelp reduce mistakes and improve service for everyone.

The A/LM organization also manages the excess prop-erty disposal program for the Department (see sidebar). �

Rangoon employees Caroline Soe Myint, left, Noreen Shein andMary Reuben inspect service pins on their arrival.

November 1998 7

The Proof

As jumbo jets take off and land at nearby DullesInternational Airport, some 130,000 pieces of mailland daily at this 70,000-square-foot State-leased facil-ity where all incoming and outgoing unclassified mailand pouches for the Department, its annexes and alloverseas posts are processed.

The Diplomatic Mail and Pouch Facility at Sterling,Va., part of the Bureau of Administration’s LogisticsManagement Office, was built to specifications forState and dedicated in 1990. The site employs 93workers, many of them contract personnel. The facili-ty processes three batches of incoming and outgoingmail daily. The number of pouches dispatched dailyaverages about 637 with each dispatch weighingabout 6,300 pounds.

is in the

Pouch

8 State Magazine

Pouches await delivery to Dulles InternationalAirport for shipment overseas.

Story and photos by Carl Goodman

All items earmarked for the pouch are X-rayed beforebeing processed. In the process, some items are returnedto the sender for violating established regulations govern-ing weight (40 pounds maximum), size (not more than 26inches long) and content (glass, liquids, aerosols, assem-bled weapons and live ammunition are prohibited).

The facility’s automated system, installed for an esti-mated $6 million in 1990 dollars, includes an optical char-acter reader capable of scanning up to 38,000 letters perhour for zip codes. Computerized equipment with data-bases containing more than 30,000 addresses then locatesthe zip codes for letters lacking them and sprays the let-ters with bar codes. A bar-code sorter categorizes the mailby destination and sorts it into bundles. A 20-square-footparcel sorter weighs and labels the bundles before mes-sengers pick up the mail for delivery downtown.Outgoing parcels are bar-coded, processed and sent inpouches to Dulles.

In addition to processing unclassified mail, the staffalso supports the Secretary by storing and shippingunclassified radio and telephone packages used by theVIP team that accompanies her on her trips abroad. Theoperation also supports other government agenciesdomestically and overseas.

The Sterling facility is one of three branches of theDiplomatic Pouch Mail Division. The other branches areOperations and Classified Pouch. �

November 1998 9

Above, Sterling Deputy Branch Chief Tom Hairston sends apackage on its way after assigning a registry number, below.

AntananarivoPost of the Month:

Phot

o by

Pau

l Sax

ton

By Howard Perlow and Nyoka White

No description of Madagascar could be conveyedwithout using the word “unique.” The island—the world’s fourth-largest, excluding Australia—

has been likened to an ark afloat in the Indian Ocean anda treasure chest of precious metals and gemstones. Anearly French explorer described Madagascar as a privatesanctuary where nature “could work on different modelsfrom any she has used elsewhere.”

What makes this Texas-sized island of 13 million people so unique? For starters, the land. Some 75 percentof Madagascar’s identified living species are endemiconly to the island—among them eagles, lemurs, orchids,ferns, tortoises and chameleons.

Nature was kind with its creations, including inMadagascar’s mix no large carnivores or poisonoussnakes. Nothing on the island, with the exception of croc-odiles and malarial mosquitoes, threatens humans, whilemedicinal plants used in cancer-curing drugs offertremendous promise. Extinct species provide interestingstudy as well. There are fossilized dinosaur bones that lit-ter some parts of the island and eggs of the bear-sized“elephant bird,” extinct since the late 1700s.

The environment and geology in Madagascar are asvaried as the wildlife. The island features caves that canswallow Carlsbad, unusual rock formations that recall“Indiana Jones” and canyoned rivers dotted with water-falls. Depending on your sense of adventure, you can hikemornings in a rain forest and camp overnight in a desertreminiscent of the U.S. Southwest.

Underground riches include gold and other preciousmetals as well as fields of sapphires, emeralds and semi-precious stones.

Madagascar’s original settlers are thought to have comefrom Indonesia or Malaysia only about 2,000 years ago,stopping in India, Arabia and the African coast before reach-ing the island. Their culture today shows influences from allthe lands they touched, as well as those of European traderswho used Madagascar for water and food replenishmentwhile en route to the East.

The people of the former Malagasy Republic, who arestill referred to as “Malagasy,” all speak a common lan-guage. Yet they consider themselves to be 18 tribes, differ-entiated by dress, hairstyle and practices, including dis-tinctive “fadys,” or taboos, that they take very seriously.

Their religions are predominantly Christian and Islam,but with unusual twists such as ancestor worship and, tous, strange burial rites. A friendly people, the Malagasyoften invite mission employees to their homes and toweddings, burials and other ceremonies.

The people are also superb craftsmen, using Madagascar’snatural resources to create beautiful furniture, jewelry, artobjects, cloth and embroidery.

By the 1860s, Madagascar had evolved from a land ofseveral independent kingdoms to one unified kingdom,with embassies in Washington, D.C., London and Paris. Italso welcomed U.S. commercial officers, who were sta-tioned in Malagasy ports. Among them was VictorStanwood, who was reportedly murdered by Frenchrivals and is commemorated on a memorial plaque in theState Department lobby.

November 1998 11

Opposite page, an aerial view of Madgascar’s capital city. Left, a Malagasy woman with a feathered friend.

France took over the island in 1896. Although it turnedMadagascar into a jewel of its empire, France’s occupationdid not come without cost, including an unsuccessfulMalagasy rebellion in 1947 that left between 80,000 and100,000 dead. The Malagasy finally regained independencein 1960, but today insist on the distinction of having beenconquered and occupied, not colonized, by the French.

Madagascar’s current president, Didier Ratsiraka, tookcontrol during a 1972 coup. His socialist regime had adisastrous impact on the country’s economy, infrastruc-ture and society. Roads, hotels, government buildings,hospitals, prisons, electricity and telephone services dete-riorated. Decades of progress in education, health andsocial services were wiped out, and Madagascardevolved into one of the world’s 20 poorest countries.

Life expectancy in Madagascar remains low, and infantmortality and birth rate are high. The island’s per capita

income is just $250 a year, with 70 percent of the popula-tion earning well below even that paltry sum.

Ousted by largely peaceful protests in 1990, PresidentRatsiraka regained power in 1997 elections as a “born-again” democrat and capitalist after the interim govern-ment proved incapable of moving the country ahead.

Keeping the new democracy stable and helping theMalagasy regain economic ground are the overridingobjectives of the four U.S. government agencies inMadagascar: State, the U.S. Information Service, thePeace Corps and the U.S. Agency for InternationalDevelopment.

USAID’s concentration on improving family health isenhanced by Peace Corps health workers and theembassy self-help program. USAID’s efforts to encourageprivate sector reform are supported by USIS experts.USIS’ emphasis on strengthening the media and judicialreform are underlined in embassy speeches and inter-views. The embassy focus on improving human rightsfinds support from the other agencies.

12 State Magazine

Richard Walker, son of former Antananarivopolitical officer James Knight, on theAntananarivo-Andasibe train.

Phot

o by

Nat

halie

Pro

d’Ho

mm

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November 1998 13

Helping to save what’s left of Madagascar’s world-famous environment is another major mission goal, withmost of the funding provided by USAID. An estimated 80percent of the island’s original forest already has beendestroyed. Absent outside intervention, experts estimatethat the remaining 20 percent—habitat for many of theisland’s unique creatures and plants—will disappearwithin the next 25 to 50 years. Madagascar has establishedseveral parks and preserves, but these too are under pres-sure from animal, timber and orchid smugglers.

USAID programs train park rangers and other work-ers, involve nearby residents in park planning and try toensure that these residents receive benefits from any parkincome to compensate for income lost due to environ-mental protection measures.

USAID and the embassy can also take credit for help-ing save the Masaola Peninsula, one of the world’slargest remaining tracts of tropical forest, whereresearchers regularly report finding new species of plantsand animals. Although USAID and other foreign organi-zations had spent several years mapping, planning andtraining workers to establish the area as a park, reliablereports indicated that timber rights were likely to besigned over to an Asian company. The embassy andUSAID convinced the government to do otherwise, andMasaola was officially established as a park last year.

Malagasy children in Antananarivo. Below, Ted Plosser, formergeneral service officer in Madagascar, feeds a ringtail lemur.

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(that word again) unique to the island. Roads in town, aswell as some of the national highways, are being pavedand the buildings are being spruced up. Electricity out-ages are rare, cable channels such as CNN and TNT areavailable, and the phone system, including Internet andcellular connections, works well. More and more hotelsand restaurants are opening up throughout the country.

The American School, with grades one through 10, hasan excellent reputation. Classes are small enough for

teachers to provide individual atten-tion, and students do well when theygo on to other institutions. Two of theschool’s students, Ross Wilson andBen Saxton, won this year’s “Kidvid”contest in State’s worldwide competi-tion for a film on life in Tana.

Admittedly, cultural life, aside fromsome fine Malagasy musicians, leavessomething to be desired. But most peo-ple consider the tradeoff—a natural-ist’s paradise with a perfect climatethat invites hiking, biking, camping orscuba diving—to be fair. The moresedentary among us prefer watchingthe annual whale migration, just lazingon a white sand beach or browsing atTana’s many markets in search of thatperfect antique, fossil or gemstone. �

Howard Perlow is the former chargé d’af-faires in Antananarivo and is currently thedeputy chief of mission in Asmara. NyokaWhite, his wife, is a retired USIA officer.

14 State Magazine

Given the lack of infrastructure, life for missionemployees in “Tana,” as the locals call the capital ofAntananarivo, has not always been easy. Within the pasttwo years under President Ratsiraka’s new economicpolicies, however, things have gotten considerably better.American-style supermarkets and local markets offer anabundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, some of them

Locals push a hotelshuttle bus out of thesand near Toliary.

Students at the American School of Antananarivo.

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By Paul Saxton

The USIS public diplomacy strategy aims todevelop a foundation of trust and mutual under-standing between Madagascar and the UnitedStates. Although there is a public diplomacyaspect to virtually everything the U.S. govern-ment does in Madagascar, most public affairs

efforts are concentrated in three areas: building demo-cratic institutions and promoting respect for humanrights, economic reform and growth that leads toincreased prosperity and trade with the United Statesand greater Malagasy awareness of the value of protect-ing their unique biodiversity.

USIS employs a wide mix of approaches and productsto accomplish these program goals, including visits byshort-term American experts, selected teleconferencing

using worldnet facilities and a recently inaugurated,extensively documented and well-maintained Internetweb site. The office’s efforts are backstopped by a largeinformation resource center, operated by three trainedreference librarians, that offers 5,000 program-related books, 100 periodicals and access to numerousU.S. databases.

At the heart of the USIS program is the largest self-supporting English teaching program in Africa, withclose to 1,000 students drawn from the government,banking, media and business sectors. USIS’ approach isto teach English and good governance to judges and par-liamentarians, English and economic reform to bankersand businessmen, and English and journalistic tech-niques to the media.

Funding restraints have kept USIS’ exchange pro-grams relatively modest. It supports a U.S. Fulbright lec-turer, various U.S. and Malagasy Full bright students,upwards of 10 international visitor grants and variousmid-level grantees under the Hubert H. Humphrey aca-demic exchange program. Although Madagascar is rela-

tively isolated from theUnited States and privateresources are scarce, USISoffers counseling services fora surprisingly large numberof Malagasy students inter-ested in pursuing self-fundedhigher education in theUnited States. USIS also hasbegun work with a newlyfounded alumni associationthat potentially groupstogether all Malagasy whohave studied and worked inthe United States, both pri-vately and as part of U.S. gov-ernment programs. The officeaims to use this organizationas a further conduit for U.S.ideas and expertise.

USIS coordinates missioncontact with the media andcoverage of U.S. visitors andprograms, and takes the leadrole in a continuing dialoguewith the media—an essentialmolder of public opinion.

The author is the former publicaffairs officer in Antananarivo.

November 1998 15

AntananarivoUSIS

Madagascar’s Vice Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs HerizoRazafamileo looks on as Paul Saxton, former public affairsofficer in Antananarivo, and his son Ben plant a tree.

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Gorjance is an international relations officer handlingmultilateral chemicals issues in the Bureau of Oceans andInternational Environmental and Scientific Affairs.

Looking back over their 13 years as a tandem couple,they’ve shared many of the same experiences andcleared many of the same hurdles faced by State’s 776other tandem employees. They’ve struggled to findcareer-enhancing assignments at the same posts andendured separations and temporary career setbacks. Butthey’re quick to admit they’ve enjoyed the rewards,too—especially the opportunity to forge satisfying for-eign affairs careers as a couple.

State didn’t always look favorably on tandem cou-ples. Donna and John Hamilton entered the ForeignService together in 1970 and married two years later,just after the Department changed the rules to allowmarried couples to both remain in the Foreign Service.

Twenty-six years later, theHamiltons acknowledge they’veenjoyed something almost unthink-able in the early 1970s—the opportuni-ty to both lead successful ForeignService careers. She’s the principaldeputy assistant secretary in theBureau of Consular Affairs and he’sthe principal deputy assistant secre-tary in the Bureau of WesternHemispheric Affairs.

But like most other tandems, theHamiltons acknowledge their successhasn’t been without some compromises.

Ms. Hamilton said they learnedearly on in their relationship, when shewas posted to Bogota and he toMadrid, that they didn’t want toaccept separate assignments. “Nothingwe encountered as a tandem couplehas been as difficult as keeping a long-distance relationship going whenassigned separately,” she said. “Thismay be why we’ve never been willingto consider separate tours. Plus, oncewe had children, our top priority waskeeping the family together.”

And although they’ve served togeth-er in Mexico, Greece, Peru, Costa Ricaand the United States, Ms. Hamiltondid take nearly two years in a leave

WBy Donna Miles

hen Bob Winship married his Foreign ServiceOfficer orientation class sweetheart Mary Gorjance inOctober 1985, he put a news flash in their A-100 classnewsletter with the headline, “Econ Officers Marry—andCommit Career Suicide!”

The junior Foreign Service officers, who returned totheir native Seattle for the ceremony and reception, cutinto a wedding cake decorated with a world map and aminiature groom standing over Bob’s post, Shanghai, anda miniature bride over Mary’s, Amman.

It was their first taste of life as a tandem couple.Fortunately, Mr. Winship’s tongue-in-cheek prediction

about their careers proved to be wrong. Today he’s aninternational economist in the European Affairs Bureau’sOffice of European Union and Regional Affairs, and Ms.

16 State Magazine

A Toast to Tandems

Foreign Service officers Mary Gorjance and Bob Winship prepare fortheir first taste of life as a tandem couple.

without pay status during her career—about half of itwhen the couple’s children were born.

In their efforts to be posted together, tandem couplessometimes find that their career choices become limited.“The challenges,” said Craig Tymeson, director of theForeign Service Institute’s Orientation Division, “are usu-ally in finding two career-enhancing positions at thesame post that open at the same time for which we canboth become top candidates.”

November 1998 17

Another part of the challenge is State’s nepotism policythat prevents family members from holding positions inwhich one rates the other. Mr. Tymeson said that policymakes it difficult for one spouse to accept top manage-ment positions overseas, such as deputy chief of missionor principal officer, because it’s likely to affect the otherspouse’s job possibilities at the same post. He said he andhis wife, Patty Murphy, director of FSI’s ConsularTraining Division, “have worked that out so far by staying‘in cone’ when overseas.”

While State’s nepotism rules prevent tandems fromsupervising each other, there is no Department policyagainst tandems serving together in the same office.When they were posted in Majuro, for example, CharlesAsh, now post management officer in the Bureau of EastAsian and Pacific Affairs, and his wife, Barbara Ash, nowtraining coordinator at FSI’s Overseas Briefing Center,worked side-by-side, making up one-half of the four-per-son embassy staff. However, in Washington, D.C., whenthey were assigned to the Operations Center, they servedon different shifts, and when they were with the Board ofExaminers, they were on different examination teams.

To avoid being separated, tandems sometimes acceptlower-grade positions than they’re qualified to fill. AdamNamm, a personnel officer, agreed to accept an out-of-cone “downstretch” for a year so he and his wife,Margaret Willingham, a political officer, could be postedtogether in Bogota. “It was a heck of a career sacrifice forme,” he admitted. “Obviously this is going to happen totandem couples, but it ain’t fun.”

Like most of State’s tandems, Mitzi and Wallace Eustisprefer not to serve separately. During their 11 years togeth-er in the Foreign Service, they’ve been posted in Accra,

Baghdad, Rome, Abidjan and,as of last summer, AddisAbaba. But during their lastassignment they accepted sep-arate postings—Ms. Eustis, asan office management special-ist in Tokyo and her husbandas budget and fiscal officer inManila.

Mr. Eustis is quick to pointout the separate postings weredue to circumstances andchoice, not a fault in State’s“system.” He said the separa-tion actually had some positivepayoffs. He realized he’d start-ed to take some things forgranted after 34 years of mar-riage, and watched his wifebecome more independent.And because Tokyo andManila are just four hoursapart by air, the Eustises man-aged to visit each other fairlyoften during their separation.

Donna and John Hamilton married in 1972, after State beganallowing married couples in the Foreign Service.

Patty Murphy and Craig Tymeson, with their childrenKristen and Hayley, say the challenge for tandems is to findtwo career-enhancing jobs at the same post.

Now they’re back together in Ethiopia, where Mr.Eustis is the embassy’s financial management officer andMrs. Eustis, the deputy chief of mission’s office manage-ment specialist. Mr. Eustis said reuniting with his wifehas required some minor adjustments—he’s had to watchless television, endure shopping trips, and go back to eat-ing at the dining room table. “However, I wouldn’t wantto go through another assignment by myself,” he said,turning serious. “One was enough.”

Tandems who have been posted separately, thentogether, face what Mr. Eustis calls one of his petpeeves—housing regulations that treat tandems the sameas other married couples. In effect, he pointed out, theDepartment gets two Foreign Service members for thehousing costs of one. “But it doesn’t take a rocket scien-tist to figure tandems come with more baggage, especial-ly when they are coming from different assignments andmay leave at staggered times to different postings,” Mr.Eustis said.

18 State Magazine

Not all tandems agree that they’re entitled to more ben-efits than non-tandem couples. One tandem ForeignService officer suggested that if a tandem couple that hasbeen posted separately has too many household effects tofit into a single residence, perhaps the State Departmentcould pay to store the excess.

Most tandems agree that some of the policies regardingtandem couples might need some fine-tuning, andthey’re delighted with the Director General’s renewedfocus on the tandem issue. At the center of that focus isthe appointment of a Department tandem coordinator.

Tandems say they hope the new coordinator, and theclarification of tandem policies, will help the Departmentresolve some of the concerns that have frequently sur-rounded the tandem issue. Tandems have complained that

TTiippss ttoo ((aanndd ffrroomm))

TTaannddeemmss

� Take the plunge, advised John Hamilton. “Butrecognize in advance that your assignment possibil-ities are geometrically reduced if you don’t take sep-arate assignments or lower your expectations.”� Make an effort to speak the same languages.

When Craig Tymeson married Patty Murphy, hespoke Portuguese and she spoke French. They stud-ied each other’s languages in early morning ForeignService Institute courses so they had a broader rangeof posts on which to bid.� Buy a house you really like in the Washington,

D.C., area. Mary Gorjance tells tandem couples toexpect to be posted stateside for a fair part of theircareers, because that’s where the most jobs are con-centrated. � Be willing to accept hardship tours. Margaret

Willingham and Adam Namm credit at least one oftheir joint postings to the fact that “no one else in theworld had bid on either of our jobs!” Wallace andMitzi Eustis have been assigned to just one Europeanembassy during their 11 years as a tandem—andthey considered that a “reward” for their hardshiptour in Baghdad.� Build your credentials. Michele Dunne, a Civil

Service employee who has taken an excursion touroverseas, recommends expanding your résumé soyou’re marketable—in her case, wherever herForeign Service husband is posted. She’s working ona doctoral degree and has accepted rotational assign-ments that broaden her experience and get herknown in the Department.� Be willing to make compromises. But Donna

Hamilton acknowledges that’s not somethingunique to Foreign Service couples. “All couples have

Mitzi and Wallace Eustis, with their grandchildren inKamakura, Japan, accepted separate postings, but say theywon’t do it again.

SSuurrvviivviinngg aa MMiixxeedd MMaarrrriiaaggee aattSSttaattee

Foreign Service tandems say the Departmenthas come a long way in recognizing the inter-ests of tandem couples. But some tandem cou-ples find their career opportunities are a bitmore limited, as in the case of Charles andMichele Dunne.

Mr. Dunne is a 14-year Foreign Serviceofficer in the Office of United Nations politi-cal affairs, dealing with Middle Easternaffairs. Until this summer, Mrs. Dunne was aCivil Service employee serving as specialassistant to Phyllis Oakley, assistant secre-tary for Intelligence and Research. But sheopted to leave State, at least temporarily, topursue a doctoral program in Arabic litera-ture. Her goal, she said, is to enhance hermarketability so her career doesn’t get side-lined as she accompanies her husband to hisvarious assignments.

The Dunnes met in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research and married in 1991. When Mr. Dunne was posted toJerusalem, his wife, a political analyst with a master’s degree in Middle East area studies, was accepted into the INRBureau’s Overseas Analyst Program. Three years later they returned to Washington, D.C., where they both landedcareer-enhancing positions.

“We agreed going into our marriage that both of our careers were important, and that any move we made hadto be a positive move for both of us,” Ms. Dunne said.

But with Mr. Dunne slated to go to Cairo next year, his wife recognized that she had two choices: to accept what-ever position was available at the embassy, or to enhance her credentials so she could land a job outside the CivilService system. For Ms. Dunne, it wasn’t a difficult choice. “I want to be able to do the kind of work I like both inWashington, D.C., and overseas, while preserving my earning power,” she said.

She’s hopeful she’ll eventually be able to return to State, because she and her husband both recognize the ben-efits of working together in the Department. “It’s fun to be able to talk about your work and exchange ideas with

November 1998 19

the Department’s only policy on tandems, until recently,seemed to be to avoid any appearance of giving them pref-erential treatment, for fear of legal action. Likewise, non-tandems report stories of non-tandem bidders who didn’tget a particular position because it was assigned to a tan-dem bidding out of grade or cone, who got the job becausethe other spouse was being assigned to the post.

“There can be unrealistic expectations or unjustifiedfeelings on both sides,” acknowledged Mr. Tymeson.“While I think most tandems are realistic in their bidexpectations, some are not and believe that the systemowes them two good jobs. On the other side, I think thatmost non-tandems feel that tandems are a normal part ofthe system, but others feel they get too many advantages.”

As the Department and the Foreign Service movebeyond these differences, tandems say they’re enjoyingthe professional and personal aspects of their arrange-

ments. And tandems say there are many: the opportuni-ty to have a knowledgeable interlocutor at the dinnertable, an “inside contact” to improve coordinationbetween offices and dual Foreign Service incomes andbenefits, among them.

“We’ve shared a lot of positive experiences in theForeign Service, and we have achieved a better under-standing of each other’s professional cones,” said JemmyBertot, who, with her husband, Ed Ramotowski, recentlyleft their posts in Warsaw for assignments in Nassau.“And we have both had the opportunity to develop ourcareers and give each other mutual support.”

Ms. Hamilton said State’s tandem policies and theopportunities they offer consistently impress her contactsin other countries—and makes them a bit envious, too.“They speak well of the United States and of the ForeignService,” she said. �

Michele and Charles Dunne, here in Belize, are working toadvance both Foreign Service and Civil Service careers.

20 State Magazine

By Gerri O’Brien

If Bob Winship and Mary Gorjance had married inthe early 1970s, State would have required Ms.Gorjance to resign. And as a spouse, she wouldhave been evaluated in Mr. Winship’s EmployeeEvaluation Report. Fortunately for them and the

700-plus tandems the Department is tracking, the policychanged in 1972 to permit married female officers to pur-sue careers at State.

As in other public and private organizations aroundthe country, the number of employees in two-incomehouseholds continues to increase at State. More couplesare choosing to work together for the federal govern-ment, and since the 1970s, they have moved up the ranksand are filling more senior positions.

Last year, during one of his first trips overseas, DirectorGeneral of the Foreign Service and Director of PersonnelEdward W. “Skip” Gnehm Jr. met with five tandem couplesin Warsaw, Poland. The meeting prompted the directorgeneral to focus on some of the issues tandem couples facein their professional lives. On his return, he called for abriefing on tandem policy and a renewed effort by theBureau of Personnel to monitor tandem assignments andprovide assistance where necessary. I was appointed tan-dem coordinator for the Department and began combingthe files for information on tandem policy while develop-

ing a database of State tandem couples. At the same time,because the 1998 assignment cycle was in full swing, a sec-ond database was created to track the 438 tandems whowere bidding, or whose spouses were bidding.

Tandem policy, developed in consultation with theAmerican Foreign Service Association, has evolved overthe years. That policy, explained in 3 FAM 142.6-1, reaf-firms the Department’s intent to assign working couplestogether in jobs appropriate to their grades and qualifica-tions. Tandems must take the initiative to make theDepartment aware of their status by notifying theircareer assignments officers in writing. As they submittheir bids for onward assignments, tandems must indi-cate which partner’s assignment takes precedence ineach assignment cycle. An untenured spouse’s assign-ment automatically takes precedence to permit thatmember an opportunity to gain tenure.

The Department is prohibited by law from discrimi-nating on the basis of marital status. The PersonnelBureau’s Career Development and Assignments Office isproactive in ensuring that no employee faces either anadvantage or disadvantage in the assignment processdue to marital status. For example, several criteria areconsidered by the panels when making tandem assign-ments, including service need, transfer eligibility, lan-guage competence, functional skills and career develop-ment considerations.

The 1998 assignment cycle—which serves as some-thing of a window on the Department’s handling of tan-dem couples as they travel their career paths—provedthat it is no easier for a tandem couple than a singleemployee to be assigned to Paris. And like their singlecolleagues, tandem couples who bid and pursued hard-ship postings were quickly snapped up. This year’s sta-tistics disproved the myth that most tandems areassigned to the plum posts, since almost twice as manytandems were assigned to hardship postings as com-pared to non-hardship posts. Ninety-five percent of thetandem assignments made this past year were prettystraightforward. Those that gave the system problemsinevitably involved complicated nepotism concerns. Theonly tandem-related complaint that arrived at the DG’sdesk this year was from a tandem couple who lost anassignment to another tandem!

Because more working couples are moving into thesenior ranks, the word “nepotism” has been inevitably

State’s Policies on Tandems

State’s Tandems at a GlanceThese numbers are based on individuals who bid

in the 1997–1998 assignment cycle.

� Total State tandem employees bidding: 438� Tandems posted in Washington, D.C.: 195� Tandems posted overseas: 213� Tandems posted at hardship posts: 140� Tandems posted at non-hardship posts: 73� Tandems in leave without pay status: 13� Tandems who retired: 16� Tandems unassigned as of Sept. 30: 1

November 1998 21

linked to many senior assignments. Designing superviso-ry “cut outs” for tandems assigned to managerial posi-tions at small posts consumed enormous amounts of timeand energy in the geographic bureaus and in the Bureauof Personnel this year. In the end, several assignmentsworked and several didn’t, and State is seeking to miti-gate the confusion over this issue by drafting clearernepotism operating procedures.

Tandem couples have been very vocal in explaining theirparticular problems in seeking onward assignmentstogether. The biggest problem for many was the coordina-tion of assignment cycles with other foreign affairs agen-cies. Of the 438 employees tracked by the Department thisyear, 54, or 12 percent, have spouses working for other gov-ernment agencies. These interagency couples often faceinsurmountable problems trying to coordinate appropriatejobs with different personnel systems and assignmentschedules. State is seeking better assignment coordinationwith other foreign affairs agencies.

Many tandems expressed the belief that, while the sys-tem was cooperative in providing extended leave with-out pay, tour of duty flexibility, multifunctional and non-multifunctional opportunities and downstretch jobs,these choices often represented compromises that werenot career enhancing. Many felt their promotion oppor-tunities were hurt by assignments that permitted them toremain together. Although most tandems chose to staytogether, 18 couples made the difficult decision to acceptseparate assignments this time around. For a variety offamily and career reasons, 76 individual tandem mem-bers extended in their present jobs. As is theDepartment’s policy, the panels continued to approveleave without pay as requested in one-year increments totandems accompanying their spouses overseas.

An interesting new trend is emerging in the tandempicture. Because of past Foreign Service hiring freezes,State has a rising number of trained and qualified CivilService personnel filling positions overseas. The result isa small but growing number of Civil Service-ForeignService couples serving overseas and in Washington,D.C. These tandems believe their individual contribu-tions are equal to those of other employees, and severalCivil Service employees have questioned why they mustwait until the hard-to-fill exercise before there is anopportunity for them to bid on overseas jobs. Right now,the Department has no plans to change the current bid-ding process. But it is well aware of the contributions ofthe Civil Service-Foreign Service tandems and will con-tinue to watch this issue carefully.

The Director General remains committed to ensuringrewarding career opportunities for tandem couples. Asalways, the Department welcomes your comments andsuggestions. If you have questions or need assistance, e-mail me on the unclassified system, call (202) 647-0586 orfax (202) 736-4520. �

The author is the Department’s tandem coordinator.

Report ChroniclesLand Mine Threat

Land mines kill and maim some 26,000 people inmore than 60 countries each year. But accordingto a new Department report on global demining,casualties from the land mine threat are declin-

ing, and there’s solid progress in ridding the world ofthe undiscriminating weapons.

“Hidden Killers 1998” is the latest update of a 1994report examining the humanitarian, economic andpolitical implications of antipersonnel mines. Thereport has become an internationally recognized andrespected reference on the global land mine crisis andthe steps the international community is taking tosolve it.

The newly released 1998 report concludes that thechallenge of eliminating land mines from such coun-tries as Afghanistan and Cambodia may be morewithin reach than was thought possible just fouryears ago.

“We now believe that the dimensions of the prob-lem are less than previously estimated and that inter-national intervention does make a big difference,”said Assistant Secretary Karl “Rick” Inderfurth, direc-tor of State’s Office of Global HumanitarianDemining. He said progress made during the lastfour years demonstrates that with a sustained inter-national commitment, ”the problem can be solved ina reasonable period of time, indeed, we believe by theyear 2010.”

Demining efforts have not been uniformly effective,Mr. Inderfurth acknowledged. He said efforts in somecountries, like Mozambique, have been plagued by alack of central coordination. And in Angola, one of theworld’s most heavily mined countries, renewed con-flict is reversing progress made by mine-clearingefforts, he said.

But in many of the most affected countries, includ-ing Cambodia, Bosnia and Croatia, the death andinjury toll is declining, Mr. Inderfurth said, and theOrganization of American States has set a goal ofmaking Central America mine-free by 2000.

In her preface to “Hidden Killers 1998,” SecretaryMadeleine Albright called the report’s references toreduced casualties and lands restored to productiveuse a success story.

“And in providing lower, more realistic estimatesof how many land mines remain to be cleared, itsends a message of hope,” she said.

22 State Magazine

By Carl Goodman

hey filed in quietly, solemnly. For many, it wasreminiscent of an earlier ceremony atAndrews Air Force Base, Md. The flag-drapedcoffins were missing, but the memory of themlined up behind waiting hearses inside ahangar at Andrews lingered.

One State official described these publicevents as part of the “healing process” for the ForeignService family as a whole—a family that has suffered “aviolent blow.”

The Sept. 11 ceremony in the gothic,spired National Cathedral (officially TheCathedral Church of Saint Peter andSaint Paul) was the nation’s officialsalute to those Americans and EastAfricans killed and injured in the bomb-ings Aug. 7 of the U.S. Embassies inKenya and Tanzania. Paying tributewere the President and Vice President,the Secretaries of State and Defense andthe Rev. Jesse L. Jackson.

Defense Secretary William Cohen,whose military members work side byside with the Foreign Service communi-ty abroad, noted that “lives are meas-ured not by how long we live but byhow we live.” They lived for freedom,he said of the bombing victims.

Secretary Madeleine Albright creditedU.S. Ambassador to Kenya Prudence

Nation Pays OfficialTribute to Fallen

TBackground: The National Cathedral.Below, President Clinton approaches thepulpit to pay homage to bombing victims.

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Bushnell and Chargé d’Affaires John Lange for demon-strating leadership in Dar es Salaam under “incrediblecircumstances.” She told the victims’ families that theywill always be part of the larger State Department family.“We are united in grief and in our determination tooppose terror,” the Secretary said.

President Clinton said the occasion honored and cele-brated the lives of those who perished in the service oftheir nation, and urged their friends and loved ones toseek comfort from the memory of the happiness theybrought and the lives they touched. “Let us commit toopen our hearts with generosity and understanding andalways to work toward justice,” the President said.

The Rev. Jackson, who delivered the sermon, describedthe bombings as “evil,” not “religious” acts. “We cele-brate their lives. We salute their service. We admire theirlife’s choices,” the guest minister said.

“We have lost something, but what remains is veryimportant. There’s still so much more to do,” he said.

Thomas Jefferson Jr., associate director of the Office ofEqual Employment Opportunity and Civil Rights, foundthose words especially poignant. He was among the morethan 400 State employees at the morning memorial service.

Mr. Jefferson, who knew the late Consul Julian Bartleypersonally, said, “it was important for me to be here as amatter of respect.”

Margaret McKelvey and Simeone Whittemore, bothemployees of the Bureau of Population, Refugees andMigration, also attended.

Ms. McKelvey, whose work covers African and Asianissues, said attending gave her “a sense of solidarity”with the rest of the Department. Ms. Whittemore, whosework covers Central Africa and who had visited both ofthe East African embassies before the bombings, said theceremony gave her a chance “to reflect” on the courage itrequires nowadays to do diplomatic work.

Niels Marquardt from the Bureau of Personnel, whoserved with Prabhi Guptara Kavaler in Paris, was pleasedthat the service honored not just Americans but Kenyansand Tanzanians, too. “It could have been us. It could havebeen me. It could have been anybody,” the employee said.

A Peace Corps worker from the agency’s Washingtonstaff, who attended with several other colleagues, saidthat while they suffered no loss in their immediate orga-nizational family, they were saddened by the loss in thelarger Foreign Service family.

It was a loss evident in the faces and demeanor of thoseattending the service. �

November 1998 23

Secretary Albright expresses the Department’s grief whileemployees, left, sing hymns.

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24 State Magazine

By Donna Miles

The recent bombings of the U.S. Embassies inNairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania,raised the consciousness of every StateDepartment employee that terrorism poses a veryreal threat, both abroad and at home.

After the bombings, threats by known terrorist organi-zations and the recognized potential for retaliatoryactions against U.S. citizens and interests—particularlyrepresentatives of the U.S. government—drove theDepartment to suspend or limit services to the public atsome posts. The Bureau of Consular Affairs also issued awarning to U.S. travelers worldwide.

Officials urged Department employees and all Americansto take steps to lessen their vulnerability to terrorists.

John Conway at the Diplomatic Security TrainingCenter in Northern Virginia said that boils down to threebasic principles: maintaining a low profile, increasingsecurity awareness and becoming a less predictable, lessaccessible target.

But that doesn’t mean locking oneself in a closet, insistsMr. Conway. As director of the Department’s DiplomaticSecurity Anti-terrorism Course, he teaches State employeesbound for high- and critical-threat regions how to protectthemselves so they can enjoy their overseas experience.“We teach people to increase their threshold of awareness,to recognize when they’re most vulnerable and to knowhow to react if they encounter a problem,” he said.

Here are some of the tips Diplomatic Security offers inthe course—tips Mr. Conway said can help deter crime aswell as terrorism, and are as effective on the streets ofWashington, D.C., as those of Beirut, Lebanon:

Keep a low profile. Behave quietly and inconspicuously,and leave valuables, expensive jewelry and luggage—items that might mark you as a wealthy or importantAmerican—at home.

Be alert. Survey your surroundings and the peoplearound you and keep an eye out for the unusual.

Avoid predictable patterns. Vary your daily routines,including the time you leave your home and office, theroute you travel and the clothing you wear.

Personal Security:How to Protect Yourself

Awareness is a key toreducing vulnerability.

November 1998 25

Be wary of street vendors. While one has your attentionselling you goods, someone else may be picking yourpocket. And unfamiliar vendors might be surveillanceoperatives.

Book hotel rooms between the second and seventh floors.This prevents easy access from the outside but is lowenough for fire equipment to reach.

Learn key basic phrases in the local language. This willenable you to ask where to find the police, a doctor oreven the nearest bathroom.

Avoid displaying government or corporate identification inpublic or on luggage. Remember to remove or tuck awayyour State identification badge when you’re outside theembassy, consulate or Department.

Don’t open suspicious letters or parcels. Letter and pack-age bombs designed to explode when opened have beendisguised as letter, books, candy and figurines. Reportquestionable letters or packages received by mail or per-sonal delivery to the regional security officer.

Drive defensively. Drive with the car doors locked, leavingample maneuvering space between your vehicle and theone in front of you. If another driver tries to force you topull over or to cut you off, keep driving and try to get away.

Keep a list of important numbers tucked away. Jot down yourpassport number, credit card numbers and other importantnumbers and keep them separate from the documents. �

State Sponsorsof Terrorism*

� Cuba� Iran� Iraq� Libya� North Korea� Sudan� Syria

*Based on “Patterns of Global Terrorism,”an annual report of the Secretary’s Office of theCoordinator for Counterterrorism.

Avoid discussing itineraries or travel plans indiscriminately.Secure belongings when traveling. An unattended bag can

be an open invitation to thieves as well as terrorists. Stay away from dangerous areas. Don’t use shortcuts or

walk down narrow alleys or poorly lit streets.Walk safely. Move confidently at a steady pace on the side

of the street facing traffic. Walk in the middle of the side-walk, between the curb and doorways, bushes and alleys.

Never travel alone after dark. Always let someone knowwhere you are going and what time you expect to return,especially at night.

Recognize when you are being followed. Stay in safe areasand let followers know you’re aware of their presence.Report details to the regional security officer.

Meet visitors in the lobby of your hotel. Don’t give out yourroom number. Always keep your hotel and car doors locked.

Don’t go into your home or hotel room if you find a door orwindow that’s been opened since you left or signs of forcedentry. Go to the nearest phone and call the regional secu-rity officer.

Carry belongings securely. Women should wear shoulderbags tucked under their arm and hold the strap. Menshould put their wallets in their front trouser pockets orwear money belts.

Don’t carry valuables in coat pockets, handbags or hip pock-ets. These areas are particularly attractive to thieves.

Don’t carry vehicle, office and residence or hotel keys on thesame key chain. If your car is hijacked, the thieves can gainentrance to your home or office, too.

Avoid using “gypsy” taxis that pick up more than one personper cab. Use a hotel or airport taxi. If there is no meter,always agree on the fare in advance.

Avoid displaying State identification badges in public.

26 State Magazine

Terrorist Incidents Against U.S. Citizens� Aug. 7, 1998. Terrorist bombings of the U.S. Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, killed

hundreds, including embassy personnel in Nairobi, and maimed thousands more.

� Nov. 12, 1997. Four employees of the Union Texas Petroleum Co., who were in Karachi, Pakistan, on temporaryassignment, and their driver were murdered when their car was cut off in traffic as it crossed the only bridge lead-ing to the UTP office building.

� Feb. 23, 1997. A Palestinian gunman entered the observation deck at the Empire State building in New York Cityand opened fire on tourists, killing a Danish man and wounding visitors from the United States, Argentina,Switzerland and France. A note carried by the gunman indicated the attack was against the “enemies of Palestine.”

� Feb. 23, 1997. The body of Frank Pescatore, a U.S. geologist and mining consultant working in Colombia, wasdiscovered after he had been kidnapped in December 1996 by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.

� December 1996 to January 1997. Sixteen letter bombs with Alexandria, Egypt, postmarks, disguised as holidaygreeting cards, were delivered by mail to Al-Hayat newspaper bureaus in the United States, the United Kingdomand Saudi Arabia. One bomb exploded in London, seriously injuring two people.

� June 25, 1996. A dormitory that housed members of a multinational peacekeeping force in Dhahran, SaudiArabia, was bombed, killing 19 U.S. Air Force members.

� Feb. 15, 1996. Terrorists launched a rocket attack on the U.S. Embassy compound in Athens.

� July 4, 1995. U.S. Dr. Donald Hutchings was abducted, presumably by terrorists, while trekking in the hill coun-try of Kashmir.

� March 8, 1995. Terrorists armed with automatic rifles murdered two employees of the U.S. Consulate in Karachi,Pakistan, and wounded a third as they traveled in the consulate shuttle bus.

� Jan. 6, 1995. A fire in an apartment in Manila, Philippines, revealed conspirator Khaled Shaikh Mohammad’splans to bomb 12 U.S. civilian airliners flying over the Pacific Ocean during a two-day period in January 1995.

� Feb. 26, 1993. Terrorists bombed the New York World Trade Center, murdering six people and injuring morethan 1,000 others.

� Jan. 25, 1993. Mir Aimal Kansi murdered two people and seriously injured three others by firing an AK-47assault rifle into cars waiting at a stoplight outside the Central Intelligence Agency Headquarters in McLean, Va.

� Dec. 21, 1988. Terrorists bombed Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 259 passengers and anoth-er 11 people on the ground.

� April 2, 1986. Terrorists bombed TWA Flight 840 as it approached Athens International Airport, killing fourAmericans, including one of the youngest victims of terrorism, 9-month-old Demetra Stylian Klug.

� May 14, 1986. A member of the Japanese Red Army terrorist organization led improvised mortar attacks againstthe U.S. Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia. The projectiles landed on the roof and in a courtyard but failed to explode.

� Oct. 7, 1985. The Palestinian Liberation Front hijacked the Italian cruse ship Achille Lauro off the coast of Egypt,pushing wheelchair-bound U.S. citizen Leon Klinghoffer overboard.

� June 13, 1985. Terrorists hijacked TWA Flight 847, killing U.S. Navy diver Robert Stethem and dumping his bodyonto the tarmac.

� During the 1980s. U.S. citizens, as many as nine at one time, were held hostage in Lebanon, where they werechained in the dark, beaten and denied medical care. Three were murdered during their captivity.

� In the past 22 years. Terrorist actions in Greece have resulted in the deaths of four Americans and injuries to 28 others.

November 1998 27

By Joanne Grady Huskey

Iam the wife of a U.S. diplo-mat. Normally that soundsexotic, but as anyone whohas been there knows, ithas its pros and cons. My

family and I have had cultural-ly diverse, sometimes difficult,postings such as China duringthe Tiananmen Square mas-sacre. But I have always beenable to cope, find my nicheand enjoy life in these extreme-ly different cultures. I thinknow, though, that things havechanged in a quantum wayand it is increasingly more complicated and difficult to bethe spouse of a U.S. diplomat living abroad.

In August I took my children, Christopher, 8, andCaroline, 5, to see the doctor at the U.S. Embassy inNairobi. In the best of times I didn’t like to take themdowntown in Nairobi to the embassy because of safetyconcerns. But very reluctantly, I took the kids to get theirpre-school physicals. It happened to be 10:30 a.m. onAug. 7, a very fateful day. In fact, I was late for theappointment because the children had hidden the dog inthe car and I had to go back and drop her at home, so itwas 10:33 a.m., to be exact.

When we arrived at the embassy, there were only a fewcars. We parked next to a truck. It wasn’t an embassytruck, but little did I know it carried the deadly bomb. Wewent to the back gate, which led down to the basementand medical unit.

The guard at the back gate was acting strangely. Heusually was very friendly to my children, laughing andteasing them. That day, I noticed he was very stressedand quiet and seemed not to want to open the gate.Again, I didn’t realize that he already was under pressurealready from the bombers to open the gate and let thetruck drive into the embassy. We had walked right intothe middle of their confrontation. The guard let us in andwe entered the basement and went to the medical unit.

One minute after we entered, I heard a loud bang andremarked to the nurse, “That sounds like a bomb.” Weboth said it was probably a bus that had backfired orsomething. But a mere 15 seconds later the whole worldwent crazy. The walls shook, plaster fell, chaos hit.Stunned, I could barely realize what had happened. I wason the floor and screamed for my children who were therein the darkness. We crawled to each other and held each

other. They were all right. Itold them to do exactly as Isaid and to follow me, andthat we were getting out ofthere. There was cement dustall over and it was hard tobreathe, so we got down lowand tried in the darkness tofigure out where the door tothe hallway had been. I had amental pattern in my head,but the room and hall had lit-tle resemblance to that mentalpicture. I held my children’shands and pushed through therubble and darkness in thedirection I thought we should

go. People were crying all around, the walls were downand it was hard to make sense out of the situation.

I was afraid that I would walk into an electrical wire orthat there would be another explosion or that worse, theway out would be completely closed. I found light and weclimbed through a hole into the garage, which had beencompletely obliterated. People were calling out of the dark-ness. We again saw light and followed the light to an open-ing up a ramp to the outside. It seemed as if the whole citywere on fire, like an inferno and the spot where our car hadbeen was the epicenter. We ran around the other side of theembassy. Miraculously as we did, I saw my husband run-ning out the front door of the embassy at the exact samemoment. My children screamed to him and he pulledthrough a fence and grabbed them. I was stuck until sever-al people pulled open a steel fence and freed me.

By some miracle all four of us were alive. We all rantogether down the street away from the embassy as peo-ple ran toward the embassy. It was chaos. My husbandfound a taxi and shoved us into it and went back to theembassy to help. We had a harrowing drive through thecraziness to our home. We closed the door and we cried.

The days and weeks since that fateful day have beensome of the hardest I have ever had to live. Many peopleI know were killed. How can I explain this evil to my chil-dren and make them feel safe in this world? The fearthese events have evoked has been crippling. People inthis city have pulled together to support each other in abeautiful way. Our family is going to stay here, and thereis much to be done. We are trying to reestablish somesense of normalcy and continue our lives. �

The author is the wife of James L. Huskey, a Foreign Servicepolitical officer in Nairobi.

Diplomatic Terror

The blast scene in Nairobi.

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By Donna Miles

Members of State’s 88th Foreign ServiceOfficer orientation class come from a vastarray of backgrounds and bring to theForeign Service a wide range of experiences.

The youngest, at age 22, already had almost a year at theGeorge Washington University School of Law. Anotherpointed out that at age 50 he was not only the oldest classmember, but also its youngest U.S. citizen—since 1993. Theclass members’ average age was just under 30.

The 51 recently graduated FSO orientation class, or A-100 class, members hail from all parts of the UnitedStates—27 states and the District of Columbia—and theworld. One was born in Cuba, one in France and stillanother in Croatia.

They bring a wide range of academic credentials to theDepartment, many of them earned at some of the UnitedStates’ most prestigious colleges and universities. Two classmembers have doctoral degrees; 30, master’s degrees; andseven, law degrees. All hold bachelor’s degrees.

Ten of the new class members have experience asteachers and four as attorneys. One was a stockbroker,another a television producer, one a legislative analyst

and another a Marine Corps Security Guard at the U.S.Embassies in El Salvador and the Philippines. Seventeenalready had State Department experience on theirrésumés before entering the Foreign Service.

What brought such a diverse group together was a loveof travel and languages and a desire to serve the UnitedStates abroad.

Twenty-three-year-old Veronica Mobley said she washooked on a Foreign Service career two years ago whenshe was an intern in the African Affairs Bureau.“Everyone I met was so intelligent, committed and inter-ested in their jobs,” said the graduate of HarvardUniversity’s Kennedy School of Government, where sheearned a master’s degree in public policy.

Benjamin Ousley, 24, said he looked forward to theopportunity to pursue a career in public service in a“challenging, fun environment.” As a student of journal-ism and international studies at the University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill, he spent a semester abroad at theLondon School of Economics, in addition to time in Cubaworking on a video documentary.

Elizabeth Power, 25, said she got a bit of a flavor of lifeoverseas as a self-described “Army brat,” and acknowl-edged that during high school she was “attracted by the

28 State Magazine

State’s Newest JOs: A Snapshot

State’s newest ForeignService members chat at areception in their honor.

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November 1998 29

glamorous diplomatic life.” She said she’s sincerecognized that the Foreign Service life may notbe quite as glamorous as she once thought, butshe’s still excited about the opportunity “to goout and make a difference somewhere.”

John Grondelski, 38, came to the ForeignService from Seton Hall University, where hewas an associate dean at the school’s seminary.A scholar of ethics who spent a year studying inPoland, he said he’s long had an interest inCentral Europe and Russia, and hopes to learnmore about those regions and others as aForeign Service officer.

Marc Tejtel, 50, a native of France, visited theUnited States for the first time in 1967, andmoved to the States permanently six years later.After becoming a U.S. citizen five years ago, hevowed to follow his lifelong dream of becominga diplomat. Mr. Tejtel said he hopes to bring theForeign Service “the ability to see the worldthrough non-American eyes as I work to pro-mote American interests.”

In welcoming the new junior officers, EdwardW. “Skip” Gnehm Jr., director general of theForeign Service and director of personnel, told them that“the Foreign Service is a special organization. It’s family.”

In an emotional address on Aug. 7, the day of the bomb-ings of U.S. Embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, thedirector general told class members their careers will bepunctuated with “some grand and glorious moments”but some very sad ones, too. He reflected on his owncareer and the opportunity it has given him to be a part of

Some Very Special SpecialistsAt age 57, Deane Parker has done a lot of living. He served 30 years in the military and worked for the U.S. Agency for

International Development for six years, visiting 80 countries along the way. Now he’s finally launching the ForeignService career he’s dreamed of for more than 20 years, to take on what he calls “the best job in the embassy”—that ofa general services officer.

Mr. Parker was among 10 members of the Department’s 44th Foreign Service Specialist orientation class. The class,which graduated Aug. 14, was evenly divided between general services officers and information management specialists.

Like Mr. Parker, 35-year-old David Elmo said he chose to become a GSO because he was attracted by the opportunityto live overseas while doing interesting work that makes a difference in other people’s overseas experience.

It’s a decision Mr. Elmo, a Civil Service employee in the Office of Foreign Buildings Operations’ real estate division formore than seven years, made while serving in a Limited Non-Career Foreign Service Appointment at the U.S. Embassyin La Paz, Bolivia.

“My experience is that a GSO’s job is very, very gratifying work,” he said. “I’m looking forward to the human elementof the job and the fact that it’s always different and always challenging.”

Mr. Parker agreed: “It gives you the immediate gratification of providing service to your customers, and having a directimpact on the morale of the mission. It’s hard to imagine a better embassy job.”

So why, you might wonder, did he wait until age 57 to join the Foreign Service? “You know the old question about whatare you going to do when you grow up?” he asked with a smile. “Well, maybe this is me finally growing up!”

some of the Department’s most sombering and its proud-est moments—including the bombing of the U.S. Embassyin Beirut in 1983 and the raising of the U.S. flag over theembassy in Kuwait following the Gulf War in 1991.

“I think you chose a great career,” Ambassador Gnehmtold the class, reminding them that the Foreign Serviceisn’t just a job, but a lifetime profession. “You stay with itthrough good times and bad times,” he said. �

Edward W. “Skip” Gnehm Jr., directorgeneral of the Foreign Service and directorof Personnel, right, welcomes new mem-bers of the Foreign Service family.

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By Donna MilesPhotos by Kathleen Goldynia

For Ruben Torres, executivedirector for the Finance andManagement Policy Bureau, itstarted with a tingling in histhumbs. Librarian Alpha Roseat Main State’s Ralph BuncheMemorial Library felt

as though her right hand wasgoing to sleep. Jack Markey,a consular affairs specialist inthe Office of AmericanCitizen Services, experiencedsevere neck and back pain.

Their symptoms may dif-fer, but State Safety SpecialistRegina McClelland said thesource of their problemscould likely be the same: theworkplace.

Ms. McClelland is coordi-nating the Department’sprogram in ergonomics,studying the relationshipbetween people and theirwork environments. Shesaid many State employeesare in trouble or headed fortrouble because they’re plac-ing unreasonable demandson their bodies at work.

They sit for hours at atime in front of a computerscreen, often hunched overin a chair that’s too high orlow. They rest their armsagainst the sharp edge oftheir desk while writing orusing a mouse for extendedperiods. They reach for ref-erence documents fromhigh shelves, and twist in theirchairs to get files from lower draw-ers. They scrunch their neck to theside to hold a telephone againsttheir shoulder, freeing their hands totype as they talk.

can be breeding grounds for injuriesthat are every bit as debilitating.

Cumulative trauma disorders areinjuries to the musculoskeletal andnervous systems caused by excessive-ly repetitive motions, high force andawkward body postures. Also knownas repetitive motion disorders orrepetitive strain injuries, they occurmostly in the wrists, as in the case of

carpal tunnel syndrome, andin the arms, neck and back.But these injuries can affectnearly all tissues, tendons,ligaments and muscles.

To help prevent cumula-tive trauma disorders, Statestarted developing anergonomics program abouttwo years ago. Ms.McClelland, an employee inthe Office of Safety/Healthand Environmental Manage-ment, is creating an aware-ness of ergonomics through-out the Department by takingher message to domestic andoverseas occupational safetyand health officers and med-ical and personnel staff mem-bers. The Safety Office’s goalis to train these key peoplewithin every bureau and postabout ergonomics, not onlyso they can train theiremployees, but also so theycan apply the lessons ofergonomics as they purchasefurniture and conduct officeoperations. Eventually, Ms.McClelland hopes to reach allState employees throughclassroom or computer-based

training courses about ergonomicsbeing developed for the Department’sfuture intranet system.

In the meantime, while the programis in its early stages, Ms. McClellandalso offers to help bureau safety and

30 State Magazine

Ergonomics:Keeping Work From Becoming a Real Pain in the Neck

“People don’t realize the stress andstrain they put on their bodies on adaily basis,” Ms. McClelland said.“The body has a tremendous range ofmotion and ability to adapt, so wetend to make adjustments to our-selves instead of our environment.The goal of ergonomics is to fit thework environment to the worker, notthe worker to the work environment.”

Safety Specialist Regina McClelland demonstrates properkeyboard positioning to Ruben Torres in the Finance andManagement Policy Bureau.

Most State employees engage insome variety of office work, wherethey’re relatively safe from work-place injuries generally associatedwith heavy equipment and machin-ery. But Ms. McClelland said offices

health officers evaluate work environ-ments in their organizations.

When she paid a visit to Mr.Markey’s office, she quickly under-stood the reason for his neck andback pain. She moved his computerscreen in line with his keyboard andcomputer to prevent him from twist-ing. She moved the files he usesmost frequently closer to his desk toeliminate much of the reaching hewas doing. She recommended thathis office order him a new,adjustable chair with an armrest.

“She made me a lot more aware ofthe needs of the body,” he said. “Shedrove home the point that you wantto adapt your work environment toyou, not adapt yourself to yourenvironment.”

She teaches employees to sit cor-rectly in front of the computer inwhat she calls the “neutral position.”She tells them to place their handswhere they become a natural exten-sion of the forearms and their wristsare straight—then adjusting thechair and keyboard height.

“People tend to go into an officeand leave things as they foundthem,” she said. “I tell them not to beafraid to adjust the chair, put aphone book under the monitor toraise it and to make other changesthey need.”

The average office worker spendsmore than 75 percent of the day sit-

ting. “So it’s reallyimportant to ensurethat they sit in the cor-rect posture,” Ms.McClelland said.

She calls the chairthe most importantfeature in a work sta-tion. Most people’schairs, she said, are thewrong height andmany don’t offer theproper amount of sup-port. “The bottomline,” she said, “is thatif you can’t sit upstraight, every otherpart of your body fallsout of alignment.”

Keyboards can beanother source of trou-

ble. “Keyboard trays are usually posi-tioned too high and the mouse isn’t inthe proper position,” she said. Shemoves employees’ mouses off theirdesktops and onto their keyboardtrays so they’re within an easy reach.She said keyboard trays should befully adjustable and wide enough toaccommodate a mouse.

She advises footrests to reducepressure on the lower back while sit-ting, and encourages people who doa lot of telephone work to useheadsets instead of their necksto hold the phone in place asthey work.

And she talks to them aboutother factors that affect theirwork environment: lightingand noise levels, among them.

But no matter how suitabletheir work stations, Ms.McClelland said it’s critical thatpeople who spend much oftheir time at their desk to peri-odically stand up, move aroundand stretch. ‘That’s what thebody needs to do,” she said.

In the Office of LanguageServices, interpreters andtranslators understand all toowell the side effects of remain-ing too sedentary. One transla-tor who spent hours at a timetyping at a computer screendeveloped a shoulder injurythat forced her into physical

therapy and threatened to drive herto surgery.

Instead, Ms. McClelland recom-mended a new ergonomically cor-rect chair that the office’s programanalyst, Helen Bennett, said “adjustsin every way except turning itselfinto a chaise lounge.” The ailingemployee also received a stand nextto her computer screen to hold refer-ence material, a better organizedwork station and an intensive pro-gram of physical therapy. All haverelieved the employee’s symptomsand may have eliminated, or at leastpostponed, the need for surgery.

“We’ve all become so dependenton computers that everyone isglued to their computer screens dayin and day out,” said Ms. Bennett.“We feel like we’re wasting timewhen we get up and move, but it’scritical to our health.”

Computers aren’t the only cul-prits. Ms. McClelland said someState operations demand quick-paced repetitive work that can leadto injuries.

Alcy Frelick in the Bureau ofConsular Affairs experienced severepain and a loss of strength in botharms when she was a consular offi-cer in Auckland, New Zealand. As

November 1998 31

Keyboard trays should be fullyadjustable and wide enough tohold a mouse.

Ruben Torres adjusts his chair, the mostimportant feature in a work station.

one of just two consular officersthere, Ms. Frelick said she constantlycounted money, opened and closedsafes, worked at a computer key-board and signed her name as manyas 100 times a day. The motionsgradually took their toll as shedeveloped what was diagnosed asoccupational overuse syndrome.Her doctor prescribed complete restfor three weeks, some workplacemodifications and a program ofphysical and occupational therapy.

Now Ms. Frelick incorporatesergonomic awareness into her dailyactivities. When she arrived for herlatest assignment in Washington,D.C., she brought her ownergonomic keyboard, which sheplans to use for the rest of her career.She reorganized her desk area,adjusted the angle of her computermonitor, requested a different chairand started using the speaker fea-ture on her phone to reduce stresson her neck.

“Once you run into problems,they’re not going to go away unlessyou modify your work style,” she said.

Delores Fairbanks, a senior cata-loger and rare book specialist in theRalph Bunche Library, noticed pain

in her hands until Ms. McClellandpointed out the way she grabbedheavy reference books—a motionshe repeated many, many timesdaily using one hand instead of twoand putting too much pressure onher thumbs. “I was getting earlysigns of what might have becometendonitis,” she said. “Reginashowed me how to reduce the stressI put on my thumbs, and while I stillhave some symptoms, it’s not nearlyas bad as before.”

Ms. McClelland said her job goesbeyond educating employees aboutergonomics. She’s also working to

educate managers—not only so theyunderstand their employees’ prob-lems, but so they can take steps toprevent them in the first place.

“People don’t want to be seen bytheir supervisors and coworkers aswhiners, especially when there’s novisible sign of a problem,” said Ms.Frelick. “So the tendency is to ignorethe problem until it becomes so seri-ous that they have no choice.”

Sometimes that can be too late.Ms. McClelland said cumulativetrauma disorders usually appeargradually, and the longer they areallowed to progress, the longer theytake to heal if they haven’t becomeirreversible. The resulting costs, inmedical expenses as well as workerproductivity, can be immense.

That’s why Ms. McClelland insiststhat an awareness of ergonomicsisn’t just good for employees—it’sgood for the whole Department.“The bottom line is that an employeewho feels good is going to work bet-ter,” she said.

It’s a message Mary Spruell, aparalegal specialist in DiplomaticSecurity Services, understands first-hand. She experienced pain on adaily basis before she finally electedto have surgery to alleviate hercarpal tunnel syndrome in 1995.Three years later, thanks to surgeryand a new, ergonomically soundwork station, much of that pain isgone. “It’s hard to have a positiveattitude when you don’t feel well,”she said. “I can’t tell you what a dif-ference taking care of the pain hasmade in my attitude and my work.”

Ms. McClelland said she hopesState’s ergonomics program reachespeople before they experience thepain of cumulative trauma disor-ders. But for those already noticingsymptoms, she said it’s not too late.

”A lot of people attribute theiraches and pains to aging or some-thing that they can’t control,” shesaid. “My message to them is that ifthey apply the principles ofergonomics in all of their activi-ties—whether at work or at home—they don’t have to live with achesand pains.” �

32 State Magazine

Safety Specialist Regina McClelland demonstrates the “neutral” keyboard positionfor Ruben Torres.

“People don’t want to beseen by their supervisorsand coworkers as whiners,especially when there’s novisible sign of a problem,”said Ms. Frelick. “So thetendency is to ignore theproblem until it becomesso serious that they haveno choice.”

November 1998 33

By Andrew A. Rahaman

“We need someone to go to Nairobi to work with themilitary, Diplomatic Security and maybe with the FBIbecause of possible contamination in the embassy build-ing. Can you go?”

Two days later I was in Nairobi, Kenya. The bomb thatdestroyed the U.S. Embassy on Aug. 7 ruptured a dieselfuel pipe in the building, spreading fuel throughout thesecond floor of the basement, or B2. As part of the Officeof Safety/Health and Environmental Management, myjob was to minimize the health and environmental risksfor anyone entering B2.

The first day set the tempo. I arrived at the embassywith protective suits, rubber gloves and respirators andwas immediately tagged “the hazardous materials guy.”As I was about to begin my first walk-through, one of theworkers said, “There are lots of wires, rocks and jaggededges. You’d better use these gloves we bought at thelocal hardware store.” I recognized them immediately asasbestos products unavailable commercially in theUnited States, so I spent the next 20 minutes collectingthe gloves from the workers for disposal.

Inside the building was almost every imaginable con-struction hazard, but what struck me most was the com-plete destruction. It looked like a tornado had been letloose. The area was littered with concrete, brick, desks,paper, filing cabinets, wires and hazardous material.Down in B2, we found two to four inches of diesel fuel,wastewater and building debris.

A joint task force, or JTF, established after the blastincluded a team of U.S. Navy Seabees to clear the building.Before entering B2, the JTF wanted an explanation of howthe Seabees could work safely in this environment and an“all-safe” declaration that the crew would not get hepatitisor suffer health effects from the wastewater and fuel.

My plan was straightforward. It called for testing the air,pumping out B2, limiting decontamination, providing pro-tective equipment, stringing lights and removing rubblefrom the hallways. At this point, the area would be clearedfor access and people could remove materials from B2.

Air testing indicated that oxygen levels were safe, theatmosphere was not explosive and the general toxicitylevel was low. Steve Montgomery, facility maintenance

The Nairobi ExperienceFrom a Safety Perspective

Continued on page 35

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A Navy Seabee clears the embassybasement in Nairobi.

34 State Magazine

By Dr. Cedric Dumont

The LossThe reality of what happened to our communities in

both Dar es Salaam and Nairobi is difficult to grasp.Working with the task force in Washington, D.C., con-vened within hours of the tragedy, the medical office’sfirst priority was to assist our injured colleagues andfriends rapidly. It forced me to distance myself emotion-ally from the unfolding events.

This was not a time to feel but to act. The pleading andfrightened voices on the phone from our bombedembassies and the devastating pictures so graphicallyprojected on CNN made the staff cringe and sigh, but wekept on going, knowing our friends depended on us. Itwas particularly difficult to hear the names of the missingand the dead; but it still was not real, it still was a dream.

When faced with grief and loss, the human psycheneeds time to accept the reality of such horrible events.This awareness, for me, came in layers. Having workednonstop for more than 20 hours in the Operations Centerand returning home in the early hours of Aug. 8, I walkedby the memorial plaque at the C Street entrance of MainState. A single bouquet was lying there, unobtrusively, aquiet reminder that all was not well in our ForeignService family.

The reality began to set in. Another layer of my psy-chological protective armor was peeled away when Iaccompanied the Secretary on her visit to see the wound-ed in Germany and at Walter Reed Army Medical Centerin Washington, D.C. The courage, resilience and generos-ity of our injured friends and colleagues were profound-ly moving. Despite injuries that spoke volumes about theviolence they had suffered, our wounded colleagueswere giving, sharing with us their pain, their loss andtheir relief at seeing us.

It was not a dream anymore. This disaster had reallyhappened. Finally, reality came into full focus when wevisited the bombed embassies. There the horror and vio-

lence of this crime came to me in full force. As we walkedthe dark, bloodstained corridors and devastated offices,we asked ourselves, how could anyone do this? With eachwave of reality comes anger, followed by guilt and sor-row. The Foreign Service family, as a whole, has suffereda violent blow. It will take time to recover.

Debriefings and ClosureRecognizing that the emotional trauma of these events

will cause even more casualties if not properly handled, ateam of mental health professionals, including ForeignService, U.S. military and Kenyan and Tanzanian coun-selors, was organized to support our communities in Dares Salaam and Nairobi. We are grateful for their invaluablesupport and assistance during this crisis. For several days,crucial incident debriefings were held at both posts for allemployees and their family members. These debriefingspermitted our colleagues and their families to tell their sto-ries and express their feelings about the traumatic eventsthey had experienced. Such interventions are invaluable inreducing both the short- and long-term physical and emo-tional distress associated with traumatic events and quick-ly restoring community cohesion and effectiveness.

Specific public events also were crucial in movingtoward closure for our communities and for the ForeignService as a whole. The memorial services in Dar esSalaam and Nairobi, the return of the deceased toAndrews Air Force Base, Md., and the visit of theSecretary to Nairobi and Dar es Salaam were healingevents, providing comfort and solace. The memorialservice at the National Cathedral on Sept. 11 added to thehealing process.

Rebuilding in a Difficult EnvironmentLife after the bombings is not easy in Dar es Salaam

and Nairobi. Terrorism is still a threat. In Nairobi, a sus-picious Federal Express package kept employees cower-ing for more than two hours in the basement of theembassy’s temporary headquarters at the U.S. Agency forInternational Development as the package was removedcautiously from the premises. (It turned out to be docu-

In the AftermathBombings

of the

ments from the Department). Despite additional trau-mas, the embassy communities remain resilient and sup-portive of one another.

The “morning-after” perspective is difficult to face,especially when you have lost your colleagues, friendsand chancery. Suddenly, your work environment is con-strained. You’ve lost your “space” and you still have toface the challenges of everyday life in a foreign country.All the minor irritations, such as delays in deliveries, lossof mail or even being the victim of some petty crime, takeon brand-new dimensions in this stressful environment.Family squabbles are more frequent; the work remainsconstant—too much! (“Look at all those VIPs coming!”);and stress and fatigue take their toll.

Recognizing the need to provide long-term support tothese posts, the undersecretary for Management hasauthorized families to “stand down” and rest. Being aproud people—proud of our country and of our role asdiplomats—it may be difficult to admit that we are tiredmentally and physically and that many have not come tofull grips with the enormity of what has happened. Thatwill come with time. What is important is that they takeadvantage of all means possible, such as R&R and annu-al leave, to rest and recuperate. The Office of the MedicalDirector’s mental health staff will continue to closelymonitor and assist our communities in both Dar esSalaam and Nairobi. �

November 1998 35

The author is chief of the Department’s Office of Medical Services.

specialist in Nairobi, and I rigged up sump pumps andstrung water hoses outside.

A local contractor assured us that a tanker truck wouldbe at the embassy the following morning to pump the liq-uid into. The tanker truck didn’t come. That afternoon atthe facility warehouse, I spotted several 2,000-gallonplastic containers and conveniently, a large flatbed truck.Two hours later, the pumps were turned on removing theliquid into these containers. The pumps were startedagain the following morning but were being clogged bydebris and the Seabees wouldn’t enter the area until theliquid was cleared.

Here I learned one of the first rules of responding to anemergency. Don’t come up with a plan unless you arepart of the plan. I grabbed two flashlights, my hard hatand brooms and a volunteer from the Bureau ofDiplomatic Security and started moving concrete, blast-ed-off doors, ceiling tiles and overhead wires out of theway. Then, to disinfect the area, a bleach-and-water mix-ture was spread around B2 and pumped out.

The commanding general of the JTF was given the B2tour and eventually four Seabees were fitted with respi-rators, protective suits, gloves and boots and started tostring lights. We continued to push brooms and clear thehallway rubble. Diplomatic Security personnel startedclearing water-logged pouches, mail and cash.

While the cleanup continued, a team from ForeignBuildings Operations was tasked with securing a futurebuilding site. As part of the team, I evaluated one of theproposed sites for potential environmental liabilities andhealth hazards. I found industrial waste being pumpeddirectly onto the ground just outside the property line.The safety office is currently refining procedures to deter-mine the scope of the contamination and ways to elimi-nate potential health hazards—not to mention environ-mental liabilities—if FBO selects this particular site forthe future embassy.

We at the safety office learned many lessons fromNairobi. First, after a disaster, communication is key. Theadministrative section did an outstanding job of keepingcommunications open, holding daily meetings with thesecurity, medical and facility maintenance staff, and others.

Second, everyone needs a plan. FBO is incorporatingthese lessons learned into its emergency preparednessresponse plan. This enhanced plan will ensure that if theDepartment ever faces a similar crisis in any part of theworld, the Department has an immediate and coordinat-ed response on real estate, construction, safety, environ-mental, administrative management and facilities main-tenance issues to help protect the safety of U.S. Embassyemployees and support the mission. �

The author is a certified industrial hygienist and safety profes-sional with the Office of Safety, Health and EnvironmentalMagagement.

Safety continued from page 33

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A. R

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Navy Seabees clear debrisat the embassy in Nairobi.

36 State Magazine

By Flora M. Evon

Have you tried to find United Nations informationlately? If you have, you’ve likely discovered thatnew technology has revolutionized the storageand retrieval of this vast source of data, and thatit’s all as close as the Internet.

The United Nations has capitalized on recent advancesin information technology to provide electronic access toits publications, documents, press releases and otherinformation. An electronic and communication-orientedUnited Nations offers higher-quality documents fasterand at less cost and to a broader audience.

How do you tap into this vast resource? One of the mostpopular sites on the Internet is the U.N. home page atwww.un.org. When the page was launched in 1995 to coin-cide with the United Nations’ 50th anniversary, it becamean immediate success. Its popularity has continued, withmillions of hits monthly. According to a recent U.N. report,the site averages 700,000 to 800,000 hits per week.

There are frequent enhancements to the web site,including a U.N. reform page, information about the year2000 issue, ReliefWeb, CyberSchoolBus, access to U.N.resolutions and links to U.N.-related home pages. Amongother popular U.N. Internet sites are an official web sitelocator for the U.N. System of Organizations atwww.unsystem.org and the Dag Hammarskjold Libraryhome page at www.un.org/Depts/dhl.

Another unique source for U.N. documentation is theoptical disk system. In the early 1990s, the United Nationsbegan storing documents originating in both New Yorkand Geneva on optical disks. Using optical disks, manyU.N. full-text documents are accessible for the first timeonline and can be transmitted to users via high-speedtelecommunications links. This storage and retrieval sys-tem contains most full-text U.N. documents from 1993 tothe present in all official languages—Arabic, Chinese,

English, French, Russian and Spanish. In addition, resolu-tions and decisions since 1946 by the General Assembly,Security Council, Economic and Social Council andTrusteeship Council are on the system. The optical disk sys-tem permits online searching, printing or downloading.

Initially, access to the system was limited to U.N. mis-sions and State’s Bureau of International OrganizationAffairs, which served as the system’s first remote test site.The system became available to Internet users through aweb server interface at the United Nations in November1996. This enhancement is password protected and waslimited at first to specific user groups, such as permanentmissions and governments. The online system is nowavailable, however, by subscription through the U.N.sales section at an annual fee of $1,500.

As popular and useful as the U.N. home page is, only asmall fraction of the millions of U.N. publications issuedsince 1946 can be accessed from the site. Because the pageis continually updated, only topics of current interestremain online. The U.N. optical disk also has limitationsfor retrospective research because only documents from

U.N. WebSite Is RichResource

Continued on page 38

The U.N. Headquartersin New York City.

November 1998 37

A Foreign Service Institute program is boosting Civil Servicesupport staff skills and pride intheir professions.

By Patricia Pugsley

I’ve been proud to call myself a secretary for 18years and have always enjoyed learning newthings about my job. Yet State was the first placeI’d ever worked where I was actually given for-mal training especially geared toward improvingmy career skills.

When I first joined the Department four years ago, Iattended a course at the National Foreign Affairs TrainingCenter for entering Civil Service secretaries. I wasimpressed at the time with the office management train-ing staff, so when I got the opportunity to take part in the

Civil Service Office Support Professionals Program, Ijumped at the chance. I knew I would learn a great dealand that many subjects would be useful to any Stateemployee, not just office support staff. What I didn’texpect when I signed up for the course was that I’d learna lot about myself as well.

The annual 16-week Civil Service Office SupportProfessionals Program is intended for secretaries, programand administrative assistants and clerical employees,grade GS-6 and above, with at least two years’ experienceat the Department. The course begins with a four-day ori-entation process, with attendance one day per week for therest of the course. Since it began as a pilot three years ago,the program has graduated approximately 200 students.

Before orientation, each student’s supervisor isrequired to complete a skills checklist rating the student’scompetencies in nine categories covered in the program.These skills include interpersonal communication, oraland written communication, customer service, workmanagement, business of State, office technology, work-load delegation, self management and career manage-ment. Students are rated again on these same skillstoward the end of the course to measure their progress.

The employees’ supervi-sors also are required toattend part of the orientation,to meet for a mid-sessionevaluation, to discussprogress with their employeeand to attend the graduation.

A basic premise of theprogram is that studentscannot change in any funda-mental way unless theychange their basic patternsof thinking and interacting.The role of secretaries andother support staff haschanged dramatically andwill continue to change inthe years ahead—and wewere told that we will needto continue learningthroughout our careers. Wewere also told that we willhave to take responsibility

Training State’s OfficeSupport Professionals

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Kai

ser

Virginia Taylor, left, and Thomasine Hurd, right, lead a classroom role-playing exercise.

Continued on page 38

38 State Magazine

1993 to present are on the system. So most older U.N. doc-uments are unavailable through the U.N. home page or itsoptical disk system.

If the U.N. information you need isn’t on the web,where can you find it? There are several sources. You canvisit the research section of the Bureau of InternationalOrganization Affairs’ Office of Policy, Public andCongressional Affairs in Room 3428 at Main State. Thesection has a comprehensive collection of U.N. publica-tions and documents dating back to 1946 stored in paper,microfiche or electronic formats.

To meet demand for quick access to current and histor-ical U.N. information, the section is migrating to an elec-tronic research environment. Online access to the previ-ously mentioned U.N. optical disk system is availableeither through a high-speed direct connection or by dial-up access on the Internet. Both allow for retrieval andlimited search capability of recent documentation. A CD-ROM electronic index is available for those searching themicrofiche collection for U.N. publications issued in thelast eight years. Other electronic resources for the storage,retrieval and search of U.N. materials are under review. Ifyou have a reference question and want personal assis-tance, the reference staff is always available to assistresearchers, retrieve documents and answer subjectrequests on U.N.-related issues.

What is the best source for historical U.N. informationoutside State? U.N. depository libraries, located world-wide, receive material published by the United Nationsand agree to make it accessible to the public, free ofcharge. Many libraries in the United States serve asdepositories for U.N. materials.

You can access the list of U.N. depository libraries onthe web at www.un.org/MoreInfo/Deplib/index.html,or inquire at your local library for the name of one inyour area. In Washington, D.C., U.N. materials aredeposited with the Library of Congress [(202) 707-5647]and the U.N. Information Center [(202) 331-8670].

In the past 52 years the U.N. system of organizationshas issued a wealth of information on a variety of sub-jects—political and security affairs, population data,trade statistics, reports on human rights and women’sissues, treaties and more. This information has tradition-ally been available in specialized collections, depositorylibraries or U.N. Information Centers. Now, it is becom-ing accessible electronically via the Internet and othersources. As U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan stated inhis 1997 report on the work of the organization, the“power of information, clearly recognized by thefounders of the United Nations, has been elevated to ahigher plane in recent years with rapid advances in infor-mation and communications technology.” �

The author recently retired as a technical information specialistin the Bureau of International Organizations.

for increasing our professionalism and advancing ourown careers.

The OMT staff started the program promising to pullstudents from their “comfort zone”—an ongoing themethroughout the course. The first step outside the comfortzone was for every class member to meet someone newin the room, shake hands using the left hand, learn some-thing about the new acquaintance and have that personsign a paper left-handed.

The course has several core subjects and electives,including critical thinking, customer service, conflictmanagement, grammar and proofreading, time manage-ment, written and oral communication and office tech-nology, as well as career management, goal setting andteam building.

These segments include lectures by instructors andhands-on involvement and almost always led to livelydiscussions during lunch in the cafeteria. Students arealso required to write and deliver two speeches that arecritiqued by the instructor and class members.

The group learned much about the Department, visit-ing the Operations Center, the Office of the Secretary andthe Executive Secretariat and learning about specificsinvolved in forming a task force. On the administrativeside, class members take apart a personal computer, learnto identify the hardware and its functions and put thecomputer back together again.

In addition to their assigned course work, students alsoare required to read books and view videos and completea paper outlining what they had learned.

The three-day team building and goal-setting segmentwas the final, and for some of us, the favorite part of thecourse. Separated into teams, class members had to com-plete several challenging tasks, some of them quite phys-ical. A “trust circle” exercise involved class membersstanding in a circle and falling backward into eachother’s arms. Another task required eight or nine stu-dents to figure out how to stand together on a smallwooden box. Still another exercise, called “crossing theswamp,” required class members to work together usingboards to cross an imaginary swamp on the ground with-out stepping in the “water.”

The exercises taught us how to trust, how to be morehonest and how to find solutions together. I learned themost about myself in this segment.

The end of the course was emotional for many, espe-cially when we realized how much fun we’d had, whatwe had learned and what an important part of our livesthe course had become. At graduation, we all sharedpride in the fact that we are professionals, and that ourservices are essential to the Department. I believe that thecourse made us even more so. �

The author is an office support professional with the Office ofCivil Service Personnel Management.

U.N. Web Site continued from page 36 Training continued from page 37

November 1998 39

Willis C. Armstrong, 86, assistant secretary for economicaffairs from 1972 to 1974, died of cancer May 31 inArlington, Va. Mr. Armstrong began his governmentcareer in 1939 in Moscow, where he was a translator, inter-preter and Russian language tutor. He joined the ForeignService in 1958 and served in Ottawa, London, and theOffice of British Commonwealth and Northern EuropeanAffairs. After leaving the Foreign Service in 1967, he wasa professor and lecturer before being named president ofthe U.S. Council of the International Chamber ofCommerce, then assistant secretary of State.

James Orson Belden, 84, a retiredconsular officer, died Aug. 12 inWilmington, Del., of pneumonia.Mr. Belden began his State careeras an administrative assistant inBrussels in 1947. He later served inSouth Africa, London and Parisbefore retiring in 1973.

Thomas J. Cross, 60, died Aug. 23 in Brandon, Fla. Anelectrical engineer, Mr. Cross served 31 years with theForeign Service, receiving the Meritorious Honor Awardin 1981, 1982 and 1984. He also received appreciationawards for his work from Vice President George Bush in1982 and former President Jimmy Carter in 1984.

Charles R. Carlisle, 69, a former Foreign Service officer,died July 26 of cancer in Barnstable, Mass. Mr. Carlislejoined the Department’s trade agreements and treatiesdivision in 1956. During his 14-year Foreign Servicecareer, he served in several trade divisions, specializingin negotiations involving commodities. After leaving theForeign Service, he worked in the commodities industrybefore becoming deputy director general of the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade.

Mel Croy, 72, a retired ForeignService officer, died Dec. 15, 1997,in Pismo Beach, Calif. He joined theDepartment after World War II andserved for 25 years before retiringas a deputy executive officer.

Arden Edward DuBois, 91, aretired Foreign Service officer,died Aug. 17 in Naples, Fla. Mr.DuBois joined the Foreign Servicein 1940 in Havana, Cuba, where heserved until 1945. During his 30-plus-year career, he was posted inBrazil, Honduras, the DominicanRepublic, Mexico and Germany. InWashington, D.C., he served in the

languages division until his retirement in 1973.

John J. Dugan, 87, died May 8 of a cardiopulmonary dis-order in Fairfax, Va. Mr. Dugan worked for State for 14years before retiring as a chief auditor in 1972.

Richard B. Finn, 80, a retired Foreign Service officer, diedAug. 17 of a stroke in Washington, D.C. Mr. Finn joined theForeign Service in 1947 and served in Japan during andafter the Allied occupation. He wrote a book in 1992,“Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida and Postwar Japan,”recalling that experience. In the 1970s he was active inState Department negotiations for the return of Okinawato Japan. After retiring from the Foreign Service in 1979,Mr. Finn became an adjunct professor at AmericanUniversity and administrative director of HarvardUniversity’s U.S.-Japan Program. In 1987 he received animperial decoration from the Japanese government.

Patricia Olson Folan, wife of ForeignService officer Patrick M. Folan, diedon Aug. 6 of ovarian cancer inFairfax, Va. Mrs. Folan was a PeaceCorps volunteer in Brazil from 1965to 1967 and accompanied her hus-band on assignments in Belgium,Portugal and Italy. She had been amember of the State Departmentcancer support group since 1990.

Lillian A. Ross, 83, a 23-yearDepartment employee, died Aug.25 in Morganton, N.C. Ms. Rossjoined the Foreign Service in 1952as a budget and fiscal officer andserved in Dakar, Montevideo,Khartoum, Leopoldville, Quito,Bonn, Prague, Taipei, Caracas,Madrid and Washington, D.C.Before retiring in 1975, she receivedthe Meritorious Service Award.

OO BB II TT UU AA RR II EE SS

40 State Magazine

S

SSTTAATTEE OOFF TTHHEE AARR TTSS

Architect draws on experienceBy Donna Miles

econd-grader Bobby Parke used to frustrate histeacher because he often found sketching the houseacross the street from his classroom more interesting thandoing his multiplication tables.

But half a century later, Mr. Parke, a trained architectwho’s a personal service contractor in State’s Office ofForeign Buildings Operations, hasdeveloped a healthy respect formathematics. And as the managerof State’s archive of architecturaland engineering drawings of U.S.chanceries, ambassadors’ resi-dences and consulates, he’smerged his respect for math withhis love of art.

Mr. Parke, who grew up in aForeign Service family, has a longhistory of capturing his internation-al experiences artistically. When hisfather, Robert B. Parke, was postedin Tehran, 12-year-old Bob built ascale model of their villa.

And because his family, like allother Foreign Service families at

the time, traveled between posts by ship, the young Mr.Parke displayed his fascination with these vesselsthrough drawings of multi-funneled ocean liners plung-ing at precarious angles into the deep.

The road that took Mr. Parke from being a second-gradedoodler to an FBO archivist led through the University ofVirginia, where he earned a degree in architecture. There,as he trained in architectural drawing, watercolor andpainting, Mr. Parke fed his fascination with the technical

aspects of his craft: perspective, colorand light, among them.

The results of that fascination can beseen in, among other places, the publicaccess control design in the consulateentrance in Marseilles and the VIPguest room in Paris. In addition, Mr.Parke was commissioned by aWashington, D.C., couple to paint a 5-by-10-foot mural of the city for theirdining room wall.

Mr. Parke admits that while he enjoysother people’s appreciation of his work,his greatest satisfaction comes from thecreative process.

“The enjoyment is in the doing, theprocess itself—making decisions thatwill lead to the fulfillment of the pre-

An imaginative view of Washington, D.C., as painted on a wall mural by Bob Parke.

A scene in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico.

November 1998 41

By John Bentel

Department employees were treated recently tothe talents of 17-year-old pianist LarissaSmith, daughter of Foreign Service membersPaul and Christine Smith. Larissa, who made

her first public debut at age 6 in Warsaw’s PhilharmonicHall, has performed publicly in Bonn and Moscow. Shebegan undergraduate studies in piano this year. HerState program consisted of works from a variety of com-posers, including Bach, Beethoven, Chopin andKhachaturian. Throughout the performance, Larissa’sinterpretation of the music revealed maturity rarely seenin pianists her age.

In another recent State of the Arts presentation, VanitaHall Jones directed “A Flock of Flutes,” boasting 13 mem-bers of The Musical Offering Flute Ensemble.Professional flutists, teachers and students fromGeorgetown University, Columbia Union College,Montgomery College and The Catholic University ofAmerica make up the ensemble. Director Jones intro-duced the various types of flutes used during the per-formance, from the diminutive piccolo to the large bassflutes, leaving the audience with a greater appreciationfor the instrument’s beauty and versatility.

2nd Story, a retro and progressive world beat bluesband, recently entertained employees during a lunchtimeconcert in the Main State courtyard. Megan Lane andGeoff de Mers, the group’s co-founders and vocalists,joined band members Jimmy Jones on drums and GaryLowenthal on guitar to present a musical blend of blues,Celtic, rock, West African and Caribbean rhythms. Acombination of instruments and electronics produced acolorful variety of sounds that added musical texture tothe performance.

Another State of the Arts Cultural Series and ForeignAffairs Recreation Association-sponsored concert fea-tured the talents of Vera Danchenko-Stern on piano andviolinists Leonid Susshansky and Myron Makris. Ms.Danchenko-Stern serves on the faculty of the PeabodyConservatory. Mr. Sushansky is the winner of a host ofprestigious awards and has appeared as soloist at manywell-known festivals, orchestras and concert halls. AndMr. Makris plays with the Baltimore Symphony and theNational Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C. Thetrio revealed their flawless instrumental precisionthroughout the performance, which built to a crescendowith an aria from “The Marriage of Figaro.”

The author is a computer specialist in the Executive Secretariat.

conceived idea,” he said. At some point in the process, Mr.Parke said his works seem to take on a life of their own.

“And you are pleasantly surprised when the workturns out more interesting that you had imagined,” hesaid. “Your spirit source has stepped in, as when aninfant begins to express its own being separate from thatof the parent. And at that point, any resemblance to theoriginal model suddenly becomes unimportant.” �

Artists Present Musical Medley

Bob Parke with his work in the Office of Foreign BuildingsOperations.

A street scence in Sintra, Portugal.

42 State Magazine

Abbott, Lucy K., Foreign Service Institute to YokohamaAdams, John Quincy, Foreign Service Institute to BakuAdams, Julie D., Foreign Service Institute to TunisAdams, Linda K., Tunis to YaoundeAkahloun, Eleanor L., Beijing to CaracasAlbright, Jerry L., Bucharest to JakartaAllegra, Anita K., Personnel to Phnom PenhAllegra, Theodore, Foreign Service Institute to

Phnom PenhAllison, Sharleen S., Tegucigalpa to PersonnelAmodeo, Salvatore A., Foreign Service Institute

to YerevanAmond, Elizabeth A., Geneva to PersonnelAndersen, Paul John, Skopje to CongressAnderson, Rosalyn H., Office of Foreign Buildings

to Office of the SecretaryAnderson, Youngeun Hyun, Foreign Service Institute

to SeoulAngell, James B., Bangkok to FrankfurtAnnitto, Jason R., New Delhi to CairoArmstrong, Barbara Lenore, Krakow to WarsawArnold, Mary Emma, Islamabad to MelbourneArvis, Constance C., East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

Non-Governmental OrganizationsAsmal, Ismail G. H., Office of the Chief Financial

Officer to Hong KongAuld, Thomas E., Addis Ababa to African AffairsAvallone, Paul, Diplomatic Security to KinshasaBaas, Marc Allen, African Affairs to Economic and

Business AffairsBaca, Raymond R., Addis Ababa to New DelhiBach, Huong T., Hanoi to PersonnelBailey, Stephen M., Ashgabat to Foreign Service

InstituteBakalar, Michael E., Sarajevo to VientianeBaker, Terri Lee, Personnel to Office of the SecretaryBall, David William, Political and Military Affairs

to TashkentBandik, Mark G., Diplomatic Security to La PazBarclay, James E., Johannesburg to DublinBarco, Robert L., Pretoria to Informaton Resource

ManagementBarkell, William Howard, Jakarta to Political-

Military AffairsBarnes, Jerald H., Diplomatic Security to LomeBarnhart, Jack Lee, Lome to Diplomatic SecurityBarrosse, Colombia A., Office of the Secretary

to LimaBarry, Catherine, Consular Affairs to TegucigalpaBassi, Raymond, Tel Aviv to KampalaBazala, Sylvia J., Personnel to SarajevoBean, Diane R., Tel Aviv to Consular AffairsBeardsley, Linda A., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to TokyoBeaudry, John J., Berlin to Diplomatic SecurityBeck, Charles Edwin, Panama to PersonnelBeer, Rachel Elizabeth, Near Eastern Affairs

to JerusalemBegin, Alfred Francis, Caracas to ParamariboBeik, Janet E., International Org. Affairs to AbidjanBell, Richard K., Near Eastern Affairs to Antananarivo

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

TransfersBellard, Scott, D., Chiang Mai to Intelligence

and ResearchBenedict, Gloria K., Conakry to PersonnelBennett, Charles Edward, Bangkok to BeijingBennett, David R., Beirut to Foreign Service InstituteBennett, Virginia Lynn, Near Eastern Affairs

to YokohamaBenson, James Howard, Guatemala to Foreign

Service InstituteBent, Carolyn M., Kingston to PersonnelBernicat, Marcia S., Casablanca to LilongweBernier-Toth, Michelle M., Consular Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteBerry, Randy W., Cairo to KampalaBetts, Timothy A., Ankara to AnkaraBezol, Daniel, Havana to PersonnelBirdsall, Paul D., Abidjan to Santo DomingoBjorkdahl, Roger J., Office of the Secretary to

Foreign Service InstituteBjorkdahl, Roger J., Foreign Service Institute

to ShenyangBlais, Joseph A. L., Personnel to Dar es SalaamBlake Jr., Robert Orris, Tunis to European AffairsBlystad, Elizabeth, Mexico City to PersonnelBocchetti, Mark William, Foreign Service Institute

to BratislavaBoehme, Robert W., Spec. Rep. for Trade Neg.

to Economic and Business AffairsBond, Michele Thoren, Moscow to Foreign

Service InstituteBooth, Donald E., Athens to African AffairsBoris, John J., Minsk to Foreign Service InstituteBouchard, Timothy Hayes, Near Eastern Affairs

to AmmanBoughner, James A., Beijing to MinskBouwmeester, Alison Pentz, Hong Kong to East

Asian and Pacific AffairsBowen III, Richard T., Santiago to BakuBracken, Joseph M., Manila to Population, Refugees

and MigrationBrackins, David A., Panama to CairoBradshaw, John Christopher, Rangoon to CongressBrault, Steven Frank, Muscat to DamascusBrayshaw, Lester M., Mexico City to BangkokBrazeal, Aurelia E., East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteBriggs, Jacquelyn L., Foreign Service Institute

to AthensBristol, George F., Bangkok to Information Resource

ManagementBritt, Stephanie L., Dubai to Near Eastern AffairsBrown, David K., Inter-American Affairs to Economic

and Business AffairsBrown, Dolores Marie, Intelligence and Research to

Foreign Service InstituteBrown, Julian Glynn, Bangkok to CaracasBrown, Kevin, Rangoon to International Org. AffairsBrown, Madeleine M., Foreign Service Institute to

Office of the SecretaryBrown, Merritt C., Oceans and Int’l. Envir. and Sci.

Affairs to Foreign Service Institute

Brown, Natalie E., African Affairs to Foreign Service Institute

Brown, Norma E., Dakar to AmmanBrown, Stephanie L., Personnel to African AffairsBrownfield, William R., Geneva to Inter. Narc. and

Law Enfor. AffairsBrucker, Katherine Ann, Bonn to Office of

the SecretaryBrush, Jennifer L., Vienna to Foreign Service InstituteBryson, Robert C., European Affairs to NassauBuchanan, Gloria B., Beijing to PersonnelBuck, Christopher L., Berlin to Near Eastern AffairsBullen, Roland Wentworth, Bogota to BridgetownBumbrey, Sallybeth M., Riyadh to PerthBurger, Daivd John, Singapore to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsBurns, Jeff S., Berlin to SanaaBusa Jr., Santiago, Hong Kong to ManilaBusbee, Jack W., Office of Logistics Management

to BeijingButcher Jr., Duane C., European Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteButenis, Patricia A., Foreign Service Institute

to WarsawButler, Eldred P., Beirut to AbidjanButler, Steven R., Foreign Service Institute to DohaBuzbee, John R., Foreign Service Institute to

Democracy, Human Rights and LaborByrne, Padraig P. D., Intelligence and Research to

Legislative AffairsBysfield, Mark Donald, Operations Center to BeijingCabral, Roxanne J., Foreign Service Institute to KievCallard, Robert A., Foreign Service Institute to TorontoCampbell, William Noel, Kathmandu to Foreign

Service InstituteCandadai, Marcela B., Cairo to PersonnelCandy, Steven A., Panama to European AffairsCantrell, Paul Michael, London to KathmanduCarlino, John R., Ankara to European AffairsCarpenter, Janie M., Nairobi to PersonnelCarter, Judy L., Personnel to SpainCarver, Linda J., Singapore to PersonnelCasady, Lance B., Geneva to Inter-American AffairsCashdollar, Hunter H., Foreign Service Institute

to KrakowCasse, Geraldine M., Personnel to Foreign Service

InstituteCates, Barbara F., Foreign Service Institute to TashkentCefkin, Judith Beth, European Affairs to ManilaChacon, Alida E., Near Eastern Affairs to LimaChacon, Arnold A., Inter-American Affairs to LimaChapman, Suzanne B., Luxembourg to European

AffairsChavez, Angelica, Mexico City to PersonnelChiarella, Ricardo, Stockholm to TokyoChin, Mary K., Chengdu to African AffairsChristensen, Casey H., Vienna to ManaguaChristenson, Dan Blane, Vientiane to BeijingChristopher, William W., Population, Refugees and

Migration to BogotaClark, Howard Dean, Brussels to Economic and

Business Affairs

November 1998 43

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Claus, Robert E., Foreign Service Institute to AbidjanCleary, Colin Michael, Foreign Service Institute to

European AffairsCleveland, Gail P., Amman to AdministrationClore, Raymond E., Consular Affairs to Inter. Narc.

and Law Enfor. AffairsClune, Daniel Anthony, Rep. for Trade Neg. to ParisCochran, Sally A., Luxembourg to Intelligence

and ResearchCoe, John Charles, Consular Affairs to Political and

Military AffairsCohen, Charles Irvin, Intelligence and Research to

European AffairsColon Cifredo, Ricardo, Mexico City to Diplomatic

SecurityComella, Patricia Ann, Ponta Delgad to Political-

Military AffairsConaway, Mary S., Inter-American Affairs to

Consular AffairsConnolly, Marian Cornelia, Cotonou to PersonnelCook, Frederick Bishop, Havana to La PazCoombs, Gene Craig, Foreign Service Institute

to SurabayaCorbett, Nancy Lynn, Foreign Service Institute to MinskCorcoran, Timothy E., European Affairs to BrusselsCoyle, Erin James, Near Eastern Affairs to CairoCozzens, Peter E., Tijuana to PanamaCraig, Theodore John, African Affairs to Oceans and

Int’l Envir. and Sci. AffairsCrawford, Randy G., Algiers to Diplomatic SecurityCretz, Gene A., Foreign Service Institute to BeijingCulpepper, Frances R., Foreign Service Institute

to DushanbeCurry, Dennis L., Poltical and Military Affairs to

Intelligence and ResearchCurtin, Mary T., Near Eastern Affairs to TunisDagon, Thomas M., Diplomatic Security to Santo

DomingoDailey-Calvillo, Dona, Caracas to BogotaDalton, Bryan W., Hanoi to African AffairsDaly, Mary Elizabeth, Rome to Office of the SecretaryDamour, Marie C., Consular Affairs to Office of the

SecretaryDavis, Jason L., Beirut to Near Eastern AffairsDavis, Marcellus D., Kuwait to RabatDavis, Woodard E., Brussels to LondonDavison, Joseph D., Diplomatic Security to ParisDay, Marcelle Y., Manila to PanamaDay, William L., Tegucigalpa to African AffairsDe Brosse, Ronald P., Information Resource

Management to Tel AvivDe Las Heras, Guillermo, Stockholm to European

AffairsDe Lucia, Allen Joseph, La Paz to The HagueDe Villafranca, Richard, Helsinki to Office of the

SecretaryDean, Shirley N., European Affairs to ParisDegler, Paul G., Population, Refugees and Migration

to International Org. AffairsDent Jr., Lynwood M., London to BerlinDerrickson, Eric L., European Affairs to Paris

DeThomas, Joseph Michael, Vienna to EuropeanAffairs

Diez de Medina, Ricardo E., Santiago to BernDodman, Michael J., Ankara to Foreign Service

InstituteDraper, Mary Dale, Dublin to TunisDreher, David Ross, Dhaka to NicosiaDrexler, John B., San Jose to Santo DomingoDudley, James Lawrence, Economic and Business

Affairs to Inter-American AffairsDudley, Mark D., European Affairs to BelgradeDuff, Bradley Scott, Muscat to Foreign Service InstituteDugan, Michael R., Lagos to ShanghaiDuncan, Kenneth A., Intelligence and Research to

Port au PrinceDunnigan, Robin Lisa, Operations Center to Near

Eastern AffairsDupalo, Robert J., Ankara to HelsinkiDworken Jr., Morton R., Wellington to European

AffairsDwyer, Maeve Siobhan, Operations Center to Foreign

Service InstituteEbe, Jean-Paul S., Beijing to East Asian and Pacific

AffairsEisenbraun, Stephen E., Dhaka to PersonnelElliott, Mark Christopher, Office of the Secretary to

Population, Refugees and MigrationEngelke, Julia R., Information Resource Management

to FrankurtEnglish, Charles Lewis, Inter. Narc. and Law Enfor.

Affairs to ZagbrebEnnis, James P., Paris to Diplomatic SecurityEnsslin, Barbara I., Toronto to PersonnelEnsslin, Robert Frank, Toronto to European AffairsErdman, Richard W., Tel Aviv to Near Eastern AffairsEttesvold, Kaara Nicole, Moscow to PersonnelEustace Jr., John Martin, Dar es Salaam to Foreign

Service InstituteFaddis, Charles S., Near Eastern Affairs to New DelhiFajardo, Carol Marks, Seoul to FrankfurtFajardo, Edward R., Seoul to PersonnelFarsakh, Andrea Morel, Personnel to Inspector GeneralFeatherstone, Robert J., Inspector General to Inter-

American AffairsFelt, John P., Foreign Service Institute to AthensFeltman, Jeffrey David, Tel Aviv to TunisFeret, Tara Elizabeth, European Affairs to BrusselsFerguson-Augustus, Rhonda, Oslo to MaputoFermoile, Paul M., Foreign Service Institute to

Mexico CityFernandes, Anthony C., Foreign Service Institute to

ShenyangFernandez, John D., Office of the High Rep. to

International Org. AffairsFetter, David Richard, Tunis to Foreign Service

InstituteFichte, Eric A., Foreign Service Institute to

ParamariboFigueroa, Richard A., Brussels to Inter-American

AffairsFischer, Shawn P., Muscat to Personnel

Flachsbart, Kathryn L., Foreign Service Institute to Warsaw

Fleck, Mary Janice, Kuala Lumpur to Department of Defense

Flowers, George A., Intelligence and Research toEuropean Affairs

Floyd, Jane Miller, Vladivostok to Foreign Service Institute

Fogarty, Jeannette, Guangzhou to PersonnelFolta, Anne A., Warsaw to CairoFonteneau, Alfred F., Sarajevo to ManamaFort, Jane Anderson Benton, Nat’l Security Council

to BelfastFort, Martha Carmichael, Bern to Office of

the SecretaryFreden, Bradley A., Foreign Service Institute to PragueFrese, John Herbert, Diplomatic Security to LagosFretz, Robert L., Bissau to Belize CityFrost, Gregory T., Tegucigalpa to BrasiliaFry, Mark Edward, European Affairs to GuatemalaFukutomi, Gregory Dean, Office of the Secretary to

Foreign Service InstituteFuller, Calli, Lagos to LisbonGaffin III, Richard B., Beijing to ShanghaiGaffney, Edward F., Beirut to BerlinGage, Philip C., Conakry to KathmanduGaghen, Rebecca Luana, International Org. Affairs to

Department of EnergyGalanos Jr., Leon G., Brasilia to TegucigalpaGallucci, Gerard M., Office of the Secretary to Nat’l

Security CouncilGarrison, Susan H., St. Petersburg to BerlinGarrity, Catheline A., New Delhi to JeddahGarza, Oliver P., Bogota to GuadalajaraGaudiosi, Eric Vincent, Near Eastern Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteGearhart, James V., Tashkent to European AffairsGecas, Vida M., Abidjan to Foreign Service InstituteGendin, Kim M., Foreign Service Institute to ShanghaiGerson, Leslie Ann, Oceans and Int’l Envir. and Sci.

Affairs to Democracy, Human Rights and LaborGettinger, Hugo Carl, Foreign Service Institute to

YokohamaGiampietro, Carl J., Information Resource

Management to AdministrationGil, Iris N., Personnel to BudapestGilchrist, Robert S., Inter-American Afairs to Inter-

American AffairsGiles, Ollie M., Havana to OttawaGleyzerman, Elizabeth V., Foreign Service Institute to

BogotaGoldstein, George J., Other U O Agencies to RomeGonzalez, Richard F., Mexico City to TijuanaGraham, Dianne H., Inter Narc. and Law Enfor. Afairs

to Oceans and Int’l. Envir. and Sci. Affairs.Graham, Vincent D., New Delhi to AccraGranatino, Ann Felicia, Personnel to AsuncionGrant, Sigrid D., European Affairs to BerlinGray, James B., East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

Consular AffairsGray Jr., Thomas F., Office of Foreign Buildings to

Mexico City

Transfers

44 State Magazine

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers

Grayson, Lois, Moscow to FrankfurtGreen, Eric F., European Affairs to Foreign Service

InstituteGreenfield, Alan Eric, Sanaa to European AffairsGreer, Natasha, Cairo to PersonnelGregory, Patricia Ann, Office of Foreign Buildings

to DhakaGrider, Ronald M., Baku to AshgabatGriesmer, Laura Ann, Political and Military Affairs

to Foreign Service InstituteGriffin, William J., Diplomatic Security to San JoseGrigola, Sandra T., Damascus to Office of the

SecretaryGuillory, Maria de Veyra, Ankara to Political and

Military AffairsGundersen, Jon, Political and Military Affairs to OsloGurney, Charles B., African Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteGurski, Alma R., Personnel to LagosGuthrie-Corn, Jeri S., Paris to BrusselsGwaltney, Sheila S., European Affairs to Political and

Military AffairsHaines, Mary A., Nat’l. Security Council to Economic

and Business AffairsHamblett, Charles J., Accra to AthensHanisch, Gerald L., Geneva to OperationsHankins, Dennis B., Kinshasa to Foreign Service

InstituteHanks, Russell J., Abuja to Foreign Service InstituteHannan Jr., Robert F., European Affairs to ParisHanniffy, Brendan A., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to GuatemalaHardesty, Steven A., Foreign Service Institute to

GuayaquilHarrington, Donald B., Guatemala to BrasiliaHartwell, Stephen Richard, Bonn to CairoHastings, Norman Slote, International Org. Affairs to

Population, Refugees and MigrationHawkins, Richard S.D., Bogota to AbidjanHaydt, Alan R., Suva to HanoiHaynes, John D., Office of Legislative Affairs to Inter-

American AffairsHearne, Dennis Walter, The Hague to BrasiliaHedgbeth, Llewellyn H., Administration to

OperationsHeg, James Thomas, Inter-American Affairs to

European AffairsHegadorn, Christophe S., Pretoria to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsHeinrich, Karen A., Personnel to BudapestHenifin, David Edward, East Asian and Pacific

Affairs to Tel AvivHermann, Richard Charles, Riyadh to SeoulHermanson, Arthur John, Rome to SkopjeHermanson, Lynne D., Rome to PersonnelHerndon, Joel C., Information Resource

Management to ParisHeskin, Carolyn I., Democracy, Human Rights and

Labor to European AffairsHession Jr., Leo J., Foreign Service Institute to OsloHibben, Barbara A. P., Marseille to Intelligence and

Research

Hickey, Patricia Keller, Office of Legislative Affairs toConsular Affairs

Higa, Calvin M., Information Resource Managementto Mumbai

Hinden, Jack Elliott, Intelligence and Research toInter-American Affairs

Hirakawa, Marlene S., Kigali to TunisHoeft, Kenneth J., Information Resource

Management to AdministrationHogard, Stephen B., Sao Paulo to KathmanduHogeman, George H., Population, Refugees and

Migration to Foreign Service InstituteHolland, Jacqueline Kay, Gaborone to Ciudad JuarezHolley, Robert Michael, European Affairs to RabatHolliday, Sherri Ann, Political and Military Affairs

to Foreign Service InstituteHolmes, Pamela E., European Affairs to GenevaHolst, Alan, Monterrey to NahaHooks, Kenneth E., Abidjan to FrankfurtHopkins, Irma J., Intelligence and Research to BeirutHorowitz, Mark Bruce, Moscow to PersonnelHorowitz , Paul D., Hong Kong to Operations CenterHotchner, Frederick M., European Affairs to BrusselsHotchner, Virginia B., Foreign Service Institute

to BrusselsHough, Evan Thomas, Foreign Service Institute

to ParisHouston, Randall Warren, Paris to OsakaHovenier, Jeffrey M., Zagreb to ViennaHoward Jr., Clyde I., Santo Domingo to Foreign

Service InstituteHudson, Melissa Anne, Chisinau to MoscowHughs, Mary G., Jakarta to BernHuhtala, Marie T., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to BangkokHumbert, Sarah K., Beijing to PersonnelHuppert, Mark P., Bucharest to European AffairsHurtado, L. Victor, Foreign Service Institute

to DamascusHutson, Thomas R., Sarajevo to Office of the

High Repres.Hyams, Robert Steven, Foreign Service Institute to

Diplomatic SecurityHyland, Jason P., Fukuoka to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsIacobucci, Ellis, Information Resource Management

to BangkokIacobucci, Nancy, European Affairs to BangkokInder, James O., Lagos to BeijingInterlandi, Anthony John, Economic and Business

Affairs to ManaguaIoane, Falaniko Ateliano, Damascus to KuwaitJacobs, Janice Lee, Inter-American Affairs to

Consular AffairsJaeger, Christopher, European Affairs to AthensJarvis, Richard Michael, Political and Military Affairs

to European AffairsJassem, Daniel, Foreign Service Institute to AthensJenkins, Joann M., Other U O Agencies to BrusselsJesser, David P., The Hague to MuscatJohnson, Susan Rockwell, Personnel to Office of

Resources, Plans and Policy

Johnston, Nancy C., Beijing to East Asian and Pacific Affairs

Jones, Deborah Kay, Foreign Service Institute to Abu Dhabi

Jornlin, Philip E., Hanoi to BeirutJoubert, Tareena Lee, Inter-American Affairs to CaracasJoyce, Rebecca A., European Affairs to International

Org. AffairsJuncker, Debra Ann, Foreign Service Institute

to St. PetersburgJung, Thomas T., Foreign Service Institute

to GuangzhouKaesshaefer, Scoti A., Jeddah to PersonnelKakuda, Craig K., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to TokyoKambara, Ann, Foreign Service Institute to BeijingKamerick, Susan E., Havana to PersonnelKamerick, Susan E., Personnel to Inter-American AffairsKane, Michael P., Frankfurt to Foreign Service InstituteKane, Romona Rae, Frankfurt to Foreign

Service InstituteKaplan, Frederick J., Caracas to JohannesburgKaplan, Philip Winston, Panama to Operations CenterKarsian, Kimberly A., Foreign Service Institute

to KrakowKay, Catherine Elias, European Affairs to Operations

CenterKeiswetter, Allen Lee, Intelligence and Research to

Near Eastern AffairsKeller, Mingchen L., Lagos to PersonnelKelly, David F., Near Eastern Affaris to ManamaKennedy, Scott Mark, Sanaa to RiyadhKepchar, Allen James, Office of the Inspector

General to RiyadhKepp, Elizabeth Jane, Public Affairs to Office of

the SecretaryKessler, Scott J., Near Eastern Affairs to JeddahKeyser, Donald Willis, Office of the Inspector General

to Office of the SecretaryKiene, Robert R., Nassau to European AffairsKim, Sunghyun, East Asian and Pacific Affairs to BeijingKinkead, Robert W., Rangoon to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsKirk, Laura Vaughn, Near Eastern Affairs to IslamabadKlei, Rosemarie M., Quito to PersonnelKlein, Christopher C., Foreign Service Institute

to AshgabatKlein, Stephen J., Foreign Service Institute to

Diplomatic SecurityKmetz, John C., Intelligence and Research to

Population, Refugees and MigrationKniazuk, Diana B., Warsaw to Addis AbabaKnudson, Mary M., Foreign Service Institute to

Sao PauloKoczot, David J., Diplomatic Security to New DelhiKolb, Kenneth H., Economic and Business Affairs to

PersonnelKollist, Ingrid M., Foreign Service Institute

to HelsinkiKonrath, Robert Paul, Santiago to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsKostelancik, David J., European Affairs to Brussels

November 1998 45

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers

Kraft, Theresa M., Singapore to InformationResource Management

Kramer, Douglas R., Frankfurt to European AffairsKrc, Jan, Frankfurt to Intelligence and ResearchKriesel, Douglas, European Affairs to AnkaraKrotzer, Steven Scott, Kinshasa to CairoKrug, Frederic M., Diplomatic Security to BrusselsKusnitz, Leonard A., European Affairs to SantiagoLackmann, Margareta E., Bonn to PersonnelLakhdhir, Kamala Shirin, Foreign Service Institute to

East Asian and Pacific AffairsLamson, John Cotton, Burssels to NiameyLara, Patricia G., Tokyo to Hong KongLarge, Ronald K., Bangkok to Diplomatic SecurityLarrea, John F., Foreign Service Institute to YaoundeLawrence Jr., Ellsworth B., Diplomatic Security

to GaboroneLeBaron, Joseph E., Near Eastern Affairs to

Intelligence and ResearchLedger, Dorothy Ann, Paris to Foreign Service

InstituteLee, Edward Alex, Kuala Lumpur to PanamaLeighton, Dennis H., Foreign Service Institute to

Kuala LumpurLeMarie, James D., Diplomatic Security to BerlinLemb, Margery, Office of the Secretary to LondonLevine, Bruce J., European Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteLevine, Jeffrey D., Nicosia to Foreign Service

InstituteList, Kathleen L., Monrovia to African AffairsListon, Stephen M., Inter-American Affairs to

Global AffairsLloyd, Thomas H., Calcutta to La PazLoftus, Gerald J., Brussels to Foreign Service

InstituteLohman, Lee R., Cairo to LondonLokka, Duke G., Guatemala to JohannesburgLongoria, Manuel, Santiago to PersonnelLopez, Alphonse, Lima to SeoulLord, Christopher D., Diplomatic Security

to GenevaLouh, Phillip Shiu, People’s Rep. of China to Foreign

Buildings OfficeLouis, Jean Anne, Bogota to PersonnelLovejoy, Helen O., Tunis to JeddahLundberg, Eric K., European Affairs to The HagueLutz, Gerald L., Sarajevo to RangoonLyman, Thomas A., Baku to San SalvadorLynn Jr., Robert S., Ashgabat to CaracasLyons, David Lee, Diplomatic Security to FrankfurtMacFarlane, Jackson A., Caracas to Buenos AiresMacKebon, Marlin K., Accra to GaboroneMacTaggart, Lee, Manama to Foreign Service

InstituteMaher, John O., Naha to Intelligence and ResearchMaher, Peter Francis, Inter-American Affairs to

Office of Foreign BuildingsMahoney, Barbara Jo, Tokyo to Office of the

DirectorMahoney, Patricia A., Foreign Service Institute

to Vientiane

Malac, Deborah R., International Org. Affairs to DakarMalenas, Laura A., Foreign Service Institute to

Tel AvivMalik, Paul Ramsey, Tunis to CasablancaManso, Joseph, Mexico City to ViennaMaric, Dubravka Ana, European Affairs to SarajevoMarjenhoff, William Ansley, Foreign Service Institute

to MbabaneMarkham, David, Near Eastern Affairs to TunisMarkin, John D., Rome to CairoMarquardt, R. Niels, Bonn to PersonnelMartin, Charyl Ann, Kolonia to Sierra LeoneMartin, Peter G., Foreign Service Institute to WarsawMartinez, Daniel L., Economic and Business Affairs

to CaracasMartinez, Elizabeth Lee, Casablanca to NassauMasterson, Maryanne T., Helsinki to BangkokMauger III, G. Nicholas, East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to International Org. AffairsMcCamman, Michael Joseph, Krakow to

Democracy, Human Rights and LaborMcCann, Dennis R., Sanaa to PragueMcCarthy, Sheryl A., Near Eastern Affairs to

New DelhiMcCary, Ian Joseph, Riyadh to JakartaMcClellan, Robin K., Foreign Service Institute

to JakartaMcConnell, Shawn P., Brussels to Diplomatic SecurityMcCowan, Michael Charles, Rome to LagosMcCumber, George L., London to Information

Resource ManagementMcCutchan, Betty Harriet, Istanbul to Inter. Narc. and

Law Enfor. AffairsMcDonald, Jackson C., Foreign Service Institute

to AbidjanMcElvein, Christopher A., Inter-American Affairs

to SantiagoMcGaffey, Elizabeth B., Freetown to PraiaMcGlathery, Sharron Ann, Personnel to AsmaraMcHugh, Nena E., Islamabad to PersonnelMcKnight, Alexandra K., Foreign Service Institute

to KievMcMaster, Elizabeth A., Bonn to HanoiMcTigue, Marlena, Bucharest to PersonnelMcVerry, James A., Operations Center to Near

Eastern AffairsMedina, Carlo F., Inter-American Affairs to

Buenos AiresMeer, S. Ahmed, Seoul to Inernational Org. AffairsMeerovich, Alexander J., St. Petersburg to Foreign

Service InstituteMelvin, S. Jean, Paris to PersonnelMendez, Victor M., Inter-American Affairs to

Mexico CityMercurio, Sharon K., Oslo to PersonnelMessner, Kenneth Alan, Operations Center

to PersonnelMeurs, Douglas J., Economic and Business Affairs

to YokohamaMidura, Shelley Stephenson, Casablanca to

Consular AffairsMikulski, Walter, Vienna to Inter-American Affairs

Miller, Bill A., Jerusalem to ManilaMiller, Teresa M., Paris to BamakoMills, George Z., African Affairs to LagosMills, Kimberly V., African Affairs to LagosMink, Patricia A., Athens to European AffairsMinton, Mark C., East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

International Org. AffairsMisenheimer, Alan Greeley, Foreign Service Institute

to International Org. AffairsMishra, Manish K., Helsinki to European AffairsMohanco, John, Political and Military Affairs to East

Asian and Pacific AffairsMonsour, Annette M., Foreign Service Institute

to PersonnelMoore, Joann, Diplomatic Security to Inter Narc. and

Law Enfor. AffairsMoore, Thomas W., FS Specialist Intake to KinshasaMoore, William R., Seoul to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsMoran, Roger J., Paris to Intelligence and ResearchMoseley, James R., Canberra to Diplomatic SecurityMoss, James C., Diplomatic Security to AmmanMoy, Kin Wah, Beijing to Office of the SecretaryMozdzierz, William J., European Affairs to ZagrebMull, Stephen Donald, European Affairs to Office of

the SecretaryMurphy, Joseph P., Foreign Service Institute to TokyoMurphy, Peter G., Madrid to PersonnelMurray, Christopher W., Damascus to AlgiersMurray, Dana C., Foreign Service Institute to ZagrebMussomeli, Joseph A., Rabat to ManamaMuth, John J., Bonn to Inter-American AffairsMyers, Jeffrey Scott, Abu Dhabi to Information

Resource ManagementNaland, John K., Managua to Foreign Service InstituteNamm, Adam E., Bogota to Political and Military AffairsNavratil, Thomas J., Moscow to TokyoNeeds, Rusty D., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to JakartaNeher, Daniel E., European Affairs to Population,

Refugees and MigrationNelson, David D., Economic and Business Affairs to

Economic and Business AffairsNelson-Douvelis, Patricia, Operations Center to

European AffairsNesberg, Eileen Joan, La Paz to PersonnelNeureiter, Paul A., Beijing to BeijingNewton, Anthony C., Democracy, Human Rights and

Labor to African AffairsNewton, Carrie L., New Delhi to Near Eastern AffairsNicholas, Robert A., Tokyo to Mexico CityNichols, Brian A., International Org. Affairs to

Mexico CityNolan, Edwin R., Inter-American Affairs to DublinNorland, David Woodruff, Lisbon to Economic, Bus.

and Agricultural AffairsNorman, Marc E., Foreign Service Institute to WarsawNorris, Raymond L., Athens to ParisNorton, James C., Bonn to FrankfurtNugent, Allen E., Bangkok to KororNyce, Christopher W., Near Eastern Affairs to TunisNye, Marcia Louise, Frankfurt to Near Eastern Affairs

46 State Magazine

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers

O’Brien, Evelyn M., Zagreb to PersonnelOgot, Onnie Berber, Warsaw to RabatOlivarez, Ernest R., Ottawa to CairoOneil, Kevin P., Geneva to Other U O AgenciesOreste, Luz Del Carmen, Paramaribo to PersonnelOrr Jr., William J., Minsk to RomeO’Shea, Gerald A., New Delhi to Near Eastern AffairsOslick, Alan David, Muscat to Economic and

Business AffairsOuellet, Lisa A., Abidjan to PersonnelOverall, Nedra A., Sarajevo to Population, Refugees

and Migration Paige, Bonnie Frank, Athens to Foreign Service

InstitutePalmer, Virginia Evelyn, Harare to Hong KongPaolini-Huff, Deborah M., Riyadh to African AffairsPare, Etienne J., Niamey to AlmatyPasowicz, Joel M., Vienna to Office of the Chief

Financial OfficerPavin, Sherril L., Bonn to FrankfurtPayne, Beth A., Tel Aviv to KigaliPayne, Patricia, Kingston to European AffairsPelphrey, James D., Minsk to Diplomatic SecurityPendleton, Mary C., Brussels to MontrealPennington, Joseph S., Adana to Foreign

Service InstitutePercival, Bronson E., The Hague to PersonnelPerez, Teresa D., Foreign Service Institute to Tel AvivPerkins, Michael V., Guatemala to Diplomatic

SecurityPerry, Blossom N., La Paz to Political and

Military AffairsPeters, Charles L., Nouakchott to LondonPeters, Sheila J., Lima to GeorgetownPeterson, Brian Jon, New Delhi to PersonnelPeterson, Lisa J., Kinshasa to LusakaPicardi, Judith E., Santo Domingo to PersonnelPifer, Jerry Dean, Helsinki to WindhoekPiku Jr., Stephen, Office of Foreign Buildings

to SarajevoPitts, Usha, Foreign Service Institute to PanamaPlosser, Thaddeus D., Antananarivo to PersonnelPlowman, Jonathan Andrew, Economic and

Business Affairs to Foreign Service InstitutePollard, Robert A., Bangkok to Foreign Service

InstitutePowers, Brian W., Nairobi to PretoriaPratt, Genevieve J., Intelligence and Research to

Near Eastern AffairsPratt, Susan Neal, Dakar to PersonnelPreston, Jean Ellen, Rome to Inter-American AffairsPrice, Lois A., Near Eastern Affairs to GaboronePrice, Steven D., Foreign Service Institute to

AmsterdamProkop, Mark Stephen, Economic and Business

Affairs to HararePutnam, Elizabeth Candace, Near Eastern Affairs

to AnkaraPutney, Barton J., Foreign Service Institute to

SurabayaRaftshol, Lynda, Guatemala to ManilaRaikes, Patricia Jean, Tunis to Beirut

Ramotowski, Edward James, Warsaw to NassauRamsey, Thomas Metzger, Guangzhou to Kuala LumpurRatner, Jacqueline, Foreign Service Institute to

AnkaraRaviola, Marco, Tunis to RiyadhReade, Evan G., Near Eastern Affairs to CasablancaReasonover Jr., George D., Croatia to European AffairsRector, Andrew B., Information Resource

Management to PretoriaReed, Rickey J. C., Foreign Service Institute to

Hong KongReid, Walter Scott, European Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteReiter, Richard Thomas, Intelligence and Research

to Foreign Service InstituteRhea, Daniel M., European Affairs to SarajevoRice, Steven Christopher, Havana to DamascusRich III, Santiago, San Salvador to RomeRichards, Dirk G., Office of the Chief Financial Officer

to HanoiRiche, Christopher R., Cairo to RabatRiegg, Nicholas H., Economic and Business Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteRiley, Robert A., Abidjan to MadridRiley, Robert John, Tegucigalpa to BogotaRios, Karl Luis, Foreign Service Institute to HermosilloRische III, Elwood B., Tegucigalpa to QuitoRobb, George Andrew, Ottawa to QuitoRobinson, Lawrence Kerr, Seoul to Foreign

Service InstituteRoche, Timothy P., International Org. Affairs to

Economic and Business AffairsRoebuck, William, Near Eastern Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteRoecks, Alan L., Information Resource Management

to BrasiliaRolph-O’Donnell, Nancy C., Lusaka to

Diplomatic SecurityRoman, Kemal H., New Delhi to PersonnelRonish, Shane T., Foreign Service Institute to MoscowRoot, John J., Lima to SantiagoRosenstein, Douglas J., Brussels to Diplomatic SecurityRussell, David Craig, Madrid to Mexico CitySaarnio, Sue Ellen, Jerusalem to Near Eastern AffairsSagurton Jr., Edwin C., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to SeoulSakaue, Marlene J., Sapporo to Foreign Service InstituteSaloom III, Joseph A., Bonn to BerlinSammis, John Frederick, Office of the Secretary

to BonnSams, Duane E., Economic & Business Affairs

to SarajevoSamuel, Edward Bryan, Inter-American Affairs to

Economic & Business AffairsSandusky, Timothy Carlyle, European Affairs to

Economic & Business AffairsSapko, Jeffrey M., Personnel to Hong KongSardinas, Martha, Manila to Consular AffairsSargent, Robert Q., Personnel to Addis AbabaSarro, Dorothy Krebs, Mexico City to Foreign Service

InstituteSaturni, Fabio M., Lagos to Naples

Scanlon, Thomas Gerard, Diplomatic Security to Ankara

Scarlett, Earle St. Aubin, Foreign Service Institute to Dublin

Schaefer, Karen M., Bogota to Mexico CitySchensted, David Patrick, Kathmandu to La PazSchimmel, Michael R., Panama to AccraSchlaikjer, Stephen A., Hong Kong to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsSchmeelk, Peter Gerald, International Org. Affairs

to GuatemalaSchmidt, John Richard, Foreign Service Institute

to IslamabadSchoales, Virginia G., Operations Center to PersonnelSchools, Jennifer L., Abidjan to Consular AffairsSchrenk, Virginia M., Personnel to LondonSchroeder, William T., Information Resource

Management to ShanghaiSchulz, Kirsten A., Sarajevo to OsloSchutte, John Paul, Amsterdam to TashkentSchwartz, Deborah Ruth, Tegucigalpa to Tel AvivSchwartz, Todd P., Doha to ManilaScott, John F., African Affairs to Tel AvivScott, Kyle R., Moscow to Foreign Service InstituteSearby, David P., Intelligence and Research to

International Org. AffairsSemmes III, Raphael, Doha to PanamaSequeira, John S., African Affairs to African AffairsShaheen, Mark Andrew, London to HavanaShannon, Janet Dawn, Stockholm to PersonnelShapiro, Charles S., Santiago to Foreign Service InstituteShea, William Edward, Political and Military Affairs

to Foreign Service InstituteSheehan, Donald M., Tunis to European AffairsSheehan, Regis P., Diplomatic Security to PretoriaSheely, John T., Personnel to USIASheppard, Florita Indira, Singapore to TokyoSherwood, Nicholas A., Perth to Office of the

Inspector GeneralShields, Matthew, Foreign Service Institute to LagosShinnick, Stephen P., Information Resource

Management to AdministrationShipshock, Sandra Jean, East Asian and Pacific

Affairs to Addis AbabaShockley, Lola Kathleen, Canberra to KingstonSides, Ann B., African Affairs to SarajevoSilliman, Douglas A., Office of the Secretary to

Foreign Service InstituteSimms, Lois Esther, Warsaw to KievSimpson, Barbara E., Cairo to Tel AvivSinger, Darlene T., Helsinki to TokyoSirotic, Aldo J., Inter-American Affairs to SofiaSkipper, Kristen B., Guadalajara to ManilaSlater, Charles J., Addis Ababa to NairobiSlater, Elizabeth Mary, Addis Ababa to Dar es SalaamSlatin, Steven R., Political and Military Affairs

to WarsawSlattery, Philip Thomas, Foreign Service Institute

to LondonSlimp II, Ronald N., Brussels to European AffairsSmiley, Alfred Alan, Mexico City to TegucigalpaSmith, Anton Kurt, Bonn to Skopje

November 1998 47

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers

Smith, Douglas Ray, European Affairs to BarcelonaSmith, Heather Marie, Guangzhou to Office of

the SecretarySmith, Joan V., Port au Prince to PersonnelSmith, Scott A., Spec. Rep. for Trade Neg. to

Economic and Business AffairsSmith, Stephen T., Amman to CairoSmithson, Lucille M., Rabat to Inter-American

AffairsSmolik, Robert J., Rome to OttawaSnellgrove, Trevor Andrew, Canberra to Foreign

Service InstituteSnyder, Susan S., European Affairs to BrusselsSockwell, Robert E., Inter-American Affairs

to FrankfurtSorensen, Clifford T. G., Kampala to Foreign

Service InstituteSpakauskas, Anthony, Guatemala to VilniusSpeck, Janet G., St. Petersburg to Economic and

Business AffairsSpeckhard, Michael C., European Affairs to BakuSpilsbury, John V. G., European Affairs to Spec. Rep.

for Trade Neg.Spirnak, Madelyn E., Dublin to Spec. Rep. for Trade

Neg.Spiro, Joel S., Economic & Business Affairs to ParisSpratlen, Pamela L., Paris to Office of the SecretarySprigg, Sheri Kathleen, Administration to MinskStader Jr., Donald E., Intelligence and Research

to BangkokStaeben, Derwood Keith, Toronto to FrankfurtStafford, Edward George, Lusaka to Intelligence

and ResearchStanton, Karen Clark, Beijing to Foreign Service InstituteStarke, Kim T., Diplomatic Security to CanberraStarr, Karen, Political and Military Affairs to HelsinkiSteele, Earl James, Paris to BangkokStefan Jr., Carl E., Foreign Service Institute

to DjiboutiStepanchuk, John C., Vilnius to Foreign Service

InstituteStephens, Laureen J., Diplomatic Security to

Diplomatic SecurityStephenson, Barbara Jean, Political and Military

Affairs to CuracaoStettner, Steven, Lisbon to GeorgetownStirling, Gordon John, Political and Military Affairs

to ViennaStocking, Thomas E., Diplomatic Security to

Diplomatic SecurityStone, Curtis A., New Delhi to BonnStonecipher, Charles A., Foreign Service Institute

to TiranaStorella, Mark Charles, Rome to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsStraw, Leilani Lee, Consular Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteStreet, Roger Lee, Hong Kong to AccraStrege, Mark L., New Delhi to AccraSullivan, Daniel, Office of Foreign Buildings to Office

of Logistics ManagementSummers, Frederick J., Cairo to Mexico City

Summers III, Hollis S., Oceans and Int’l Envir. andSci. Affairs to Office of the High Rep.

Sweet, Jeffrey S., Seoul to PersonnelSyrett, Anthony, Operations Center to ParisTanoue, Theodore, European Affairs to MunichTarpey, Dona Riddick, Rabat to GenevaTarver, William A., Foreign Service Institute to GenevaTeich, Zachary Zalman, Inter-American Affairs to

Political and Military AffairsTepper, Lisa Lorraine, European Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteTharp, Peter J., Panama to Foreign Service InstituteThibault Jr., Albert A., Riyadh to RiyadhThomas III, Herbert S., Addis Ababa to International

Org. AffairsThomas, Holcombe H., Pusan to Consular AffairsThompson, Debra Moore, Lisbon to PersonnelThompson, Marlene K., Rome to PersonnelThorburn, Ellen Barbara, Consular Affairs to Foreign

Service InstituteTicknor, Scott Brian, Managua to Near Eastern AffairsTolson Jr., Jerome F., Sydney to AdministrationTompkins, Tain Pendleton, Tel Aviv to PersonnelToney, Sebron J., Bangkok to PersonnelTorres, Sergio E., Near Eastern Affairs to IslamabadTousignant, Alan R., European Affairs to OsloTrainham, Rosa E., Personnel to Foreign Service

InstituteTreger, Herbert L., Office of Foreign Buildings

to KampalaTreiber, Laird D., Foreign Service Institute to AnkaraTrimble, Carol, Political and Military Affairs

to UlaanbaatarTroy, Carl Frederick, Consular Affairs to SantiagoTrudeau, Jerald Casey, Manila to SantiagoTueller, Matthew Heywood, London to DohaTulenko, Timothy Andrew, Foreign Service Institute

to KievTunis, Jeffrey Stewart, Dhahran to TokyoTurner, Bruce Irvin, Vienna to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsTurner, James J., Intelligence and Research to

Foreign Service InstituteTuttle Jr., Stewart D., Chennai to PanamaUnderriner, John Michael, Pretoria to African AffairsUrbancic Jr., Frank C., Abu Dhabi to Foreign

Service InstituteValli, Moosa A., Lilongwe to KingstonValois, Denise Marie, Manama to AlgiersVan Voorst, Carol Lee, Foreign Service Institute to

Office of the High Rep.Vandenbroucke, Donna Ruth, Damascus to

Economic and Business AffairsVargas, Loretta Twilley, Frankfurt to PersonnelVarner, John W., Tunis to MontevideoViguerie, Lesslie C., Dhaka to Near Eastern AffairsVinson, Miller I., Djibouti to BeirutVogel, Frederick J., Management to ViennaVoker, Karen Eileen, Sabbatical Leave to BrusselsVolker, Kurt D., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

to BrusselsWagner, David Goforth, Dakar to Brussels

Wagner, Jimmie E., Lima to BrusselsWakahiro, Gary S., Lima to FukuokaWalch, Brian Thomas, European Affairs to Mexico CityWaldrop III, Neal A., Political and Military Affairs to

U.S. Arms ControlWalker, Sally M., Foreign Service Institute to YerevanWalker, Steven Craig, Nouakchott to TunisWaller, James Michael, Seoul to Ho Chi Minh CityWaller, Robert Patrick, Foreign Service Institute to

Ho Chi Minh CityWalsh, Susan M., Mexico City to Santo DomingoWarlick Jr., James Bowen, Bonn to European AffairsWarlick, Mary Bruce, Bonn to European AffairsWarnell, Selin H., Tokyo to SeoulWarren, John, Diplomatic Security to KarachiWatson III, Samuel R., Foreign Service Institute

to YokohamaWatts Jr., Robert Merwin, Ottawa to Economic and

Business AffairsWauneka, Sharon, Addis Ababa to PersonnelWebb, Sheila Belew, Foreign Service Institute to

Consular AffairsWeber, Benjamin, Yekaterinburg to East Asian and

Pacific AffairsWebster, Christopher White, Economic and Business

Affairs to Inter-American AffairsWebster, Jessica, Economic and Business Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteWecker, John Andrew, Osaka Kobe to Economic

and Business AffairsWehrli, Edward J., Berlin to ManilaWeigold-Hanson, Eva, Inter-American Affairs to

Inter-American AffairsWeston, Thomas Gary, Personnel to Political and

Military AffairsWhitaker, Christopher T., Frankfurt to Phnom PenhWhite, Shirley Black, Abidjan to PersonnelWhitehead, Robert E., Bucharest to LusakaWhitlock, Lynn Marie, Foreign Service Institute

to UlaanbaatarWhitney, Phil A., Diplomatic Security to Phnom PenhWhittlesey, Cynthia Lee, Foreign Service Institute

to TunisWickberg, Paul Gordon, Intelligence and Research

to Foreign Service InstituteWilkinson, Xenia V., Brasilia to Oceans and Int’l.

Envir. and Sci. AffairsWilliams, Nicholas Malcolm, Personnel to KingstonWilliams, Stephanie Turco, Kuwait to Intelligence

and ResearchWilliard, James G., New Delhi to LimaWillig, Irene C., Buenos Aires to MontevideoWills, Mary Jo, Economic and Business Affairs to

Foreign Service InstituteWilson, Bruce C., Osaka Kobe to Port of SpainWinter, Andrew Jan, Information Resource

Management to International Org. AffairsWitt, Mary Hillers, Population, Refugees and

Migration to Foreign Service InstituteWitt, Walter F., Beijing to PersonnelWitteman, Whitney J., Economic and Business

Affairs to Inter-American Affairs

48 State Magazine

FFOORREEIIGGNN SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Transfers

Wolfe, David C., Intelligence and Research to Tegucigalpa

Wolfe, Lisa D., Information Resource Management to Berlin

Wong, Marcia Kim, Moscow to YokohamaWood, Jeffrey E., Diplomatic Security to SarajevoYang, Nelson C., Geneva to Diplomatic SecurityYitna, Tedla Y., Personnel to KampalaYoumans, Patricia J., Lagos to RangoonYoung, David J., Foreign Service Institute to HanoiYoung, Eugene S., Bratislava Slovak Rep. to

International Org. AffairsYoung, John Burton, Jerusalem to KathmanduYoung, Joseph Michael, Foreign Service Institute

to BeijingZapata, Carlos M., Personnel to ViennaZimmerman, George J., Quito to Inter-American

AffairsZumwalt, James P., Foreign Service Institute to

BeijingZupan, Mike S., Lagos to Jerusalem

Appointments

Bath, Tristan, Diplomatic SecurityBernstein, Steven C., FrankfurtBlane, Sharon E., FrankfurtBoston, Wade L., Diplomatic SecurityBrown, Bart, Diplomatic SecurityBurke, Daniel, Diplomatic SecurityCaputi, Leo, Diplomatic SecurityCorson, Rishona, Diplomatic SecurityCrowder, Hunter J., Diplomatic SecurityDavidson, Jonathan H., Diplomatic SecurityDwyer, Dennis, Diplomatic SecurityFiala, Timothy, Diplomatic SecurityFish, Tracey, Diplomatic SecurityFrazier, Robert A., ShanghaiGorman, Bartle, Diplomatic SecurityGreagory, Rick, Diplomatic SecurityHansen, Eric, FrankfurtHarris, Susan, Diplomatic SecurityHarrison, Margaret K., Diplomatic SecurityHess, David M., Foreign Service InstituteHigbie, Richard, Diplomatic SecurityHogenson, Jonica, Diplomatic SecurityIves, James, Diplomatic SecurityJeffries, Barry, FrankfurtKelty, Robert, Diplomatic Security

Resignations

Anderson, Joe Brady, Dar es SalaamBauman, Reid S., GenevaBerlew, Christopher, NairobiBlinken, Alan J., BrusselsBodak, Susan M., BogotaBreeland, Jocelyn Gilbert, International Org. AffairsBrooks-Lindsay, Joanne, La PazColl, Sara, PersonnelCollins, Stefano J., SarajevoCook, Denise Elizabeth, HavanaCrowe, Paul A., MajuroDonoghue, Camille M. Pisk, Intelligence and

ResearchEllis, John Griffin, Spec. Rep. for Trade Neg.Fox, Steven Bradley, ParisFullerton, Patricia Ruth, U.S. Arms ControlGarrote, Michael Edward, TokyoGehrenbeck, David L., MoscowGilles, Joanne, BonnGuerra Mondragon, Gabriel, SantiagoGuido, Douglas R., Diplomatic SecurityHartford, Mary Elizabeth, MoscowHernandez, Maria Cristina, IslamabadHodel, Gerard Thomas, MadridHudson, Helen C., Phnom PenhHuser, Melissa, São PauloJenoff, Pam Rene, KrakowJudge, Erica, LondonKing, Alice M., Sofia

Lane, Nathaniel P., MoscowLauer, Susan Michelle, BrusselsLynn, Rebekah J., JerusalemMancinelli, Jannette L., Leave without payMarshall, Carol D., KathmanduMartin, Susan L., LuxembourgMaxon, Emily M., MoscowMcNaught, James A., MelbourneMcNeil, Annie L., SeoulMichael, Sara Lilli, MoscowParker, Wayne A., TaipeiPhipps, Theresa, HavanaPorter, Christine H., LisbonPyle, Marie M., TunisRealuyo, Celina B., BrusselsRice, Gregory M., IstanbulRichards, Joan Marie, Intelligence and ResearchRiley, Kathleeen A., JerusalemRogers, William D., Hong KongRusterucci, Robert J., Diplomatic SecuritySaunders, Katherine L., JohannesburgSchoen, Michael, PersonnelSimon, Paul Moulton, Foreign Service InstituteSuda, Brigitte A., NairobiTarnowka, Mary E., Foreign Service InstituteWaldrop, Linda Diane, Port MoresbyWhittlesey, John King, KingstonYoung, Stephen M., European Affairs

Retirements

Arcement, Ned W., OttawaBarcas, John A., BerlinChornyak, John P., Diplomatic SecurityFinegold, Joni Alicia, PersonnelGlenn, James Hogan, BrusselsLoftus, Helen R., Office of the SecretaryMcDermott, Margaret M., SydneyOdom, Dorothea G., BernPeltier, Kenneth N., NATOReddy, Kathleen M., PersonnelSalter, Bryant J., Buenos AiresSandford, Gregory W., MunichSoares, Michael F., The HagueWebb, Jean F., Leave without payWukitsch, Thomas Kenneth, Foreign Service Institute

Malinke, Raymond K., FrankfurtMay, Mario R., Diplomatic SecurityMcCarthy, William D., Diplomatic SecurityMcCourt, Randolph T., PersonnelMilner, Michael, Diplomatic SecurityMoorhead, Celia M., Diplomatic SecurityMott, Kimberly L., Diplomatic SecurityMurray, Thomas, Diplomatic SecurityNicholson, Heather, Diplomatic SecurityNicodemus, James E., Diplomatic SecurityParker, Andrew, Diplomatic SecurityPittman, Timothy, Diplomatic SecurityRegaspi, Eric, Diplomatic SecurityRentz, Robert A., Diplomatic SecurityRoberts, Michael, Diplomatic SecurityScholl, Eileen, FrankfurtSivertson, Kristen, Diplomatic SecurityStarr, Mark W., Diplomatic SecuritySteiner, Martin Henry, GuangzhouStoner, Gary M., Diplomatic SecurityTalley, Colton L., Diplomatic SecurityWalsworth, Harold G., Diplomatic SecurityWebb, Donald, Diplomatic SecurityWierzba, Eric, FrankfurtWitte, Paul D., Diplomatic Security

November 1998 49

CCIIVVIILL SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Promotions

GG-12Kerry, Margaret A., International Org. Affairs

GS-2Calloway, Velma, N., Worker Trainee InitiativeFlemming, Patricia D., Worker Trainee InitiativeFord, Leslie F., Worker Trainee InitiativeHeigh, Isehia P., Worker Trainee InitiativeNorris, Sandra M., Worker Trainee InitiativeStaten, Sharon E., Worker Trainee InitiativeSwanson, Tinya M., Worker Trainee InitiativeThomas, Carla J., Worker Trainee Initiative

GS-4Sanders, Maetossie, Houston Passport Agency

GS-5Duran, Connie L., Houston Passport AgencyKirkland, Vivian M., Houston Passport Agency

GS-6Hunter, Renee, International Org. AffairsPhuong, Thanh M., Seattle Passport Agency

GS-7Bush, Velma S., Washington Passport AgencyCarey, Peggy, Foreign Service InstituteFudacz, Richard E., Chicago Passport AgencyHarrison, Guyus D., Diplomatic SecurityMarantz, Lois Ann, Foreign BuildingsMurray, Cheryl A., Boston Passport AgencyStratton, Lynn M., East Asian and Pacific Affairs

GS-8Cooper, Muriel M., Intelligence and ResearchMitchell, Linda A., Legislative AffairsRobinson, Maura Nicole, Public AffairsYonkers, Pamela M., Inter. Narc. and Law Enfor.

Affairs

GS-9Boykins, William A., East Asian and Pacific AffairsChapman, Devonne Annette, Consular AffairsErickson, Byron Earl, European and Canadian AffairsHarvey, Keisha Lynette, Intelligence and ResearchHolland, Patrick J., Inspector GeneralHolzman, Stephanie M., Consular AffairsJenkins, Yvette Y., Economic, Bus. and Agricultural

AffairsLeach Jr., Carl Celester, OperationsLeMaster, Vicky Marie, PersonnelLuke, Jean, Diplomatic SecurityMason, Christine R., Seattle Passport AgencyMoorefield, Sharon L., Inspector GeneralParris, Lisa G., East Asian and Pacific AffairsPeterson, Jon, Seattle Passport AgencyPioro, Mara J., Boston Passport Agency

Stevenson, Barbara A., Intelligence and ResearchTucker, Nichole H., Office of the SecretaryYoung Jr., John S., Consular Affairs

GS-11Barrows, Mathias E., Houston Passport AgencyBorda, Thomas Allen, Philadelphia Passport AgencyCoy, David, Foreign Service InstituteDooley, Ryan M., Washington Passport AgencyHampton, Josetta Marshall, International Org. AffairsLane, Joanne Mary, Seattle Passport AgencyLane, Mirinda M., Medical DirectorMcCollum, Daniel C., Consular Affairs

GS-12Cruz, Eric W., Inter-American AffairsGonzales, Joseph Louis, Inter-American AffairsJanson, Gail K., Medical DirectorLazar, Lawrence D., OperationsShinnick, Julianne, Public AffairsStanley, Dumar G., Political and Military AffairsVincent, Zulal, Administration

GS-13Beni, Alan J., PersonnelCunningham, Phyllis M., Foreign Service InstituteCurry, Michael R., Political and Military AffairsHess, Brian E., Inspector GeneralHwang, Stephanie A., Inspector GeneralKing, David J., Inspector GeneralLawver, Dale A., Inspector GeneralLindquist, Robert A., OperationsLorfano, Paula M., Information Resource

ManagementMcCudden, Thomas B., Political and Military AffairsRucker, Mary R., PersonnelShapiro, Michelle E., Economic and Business AffairsSiatis, Mary P., Inspector General

GS-14Everett, Delores, PersonnelHunter, Charles H., Diplomatic SecurityKutchi, Mark, Foreign BuildingsMelchiorre, Maria C., Medical DirectorMuskovitz, Benjamin I., Inter-American AffairsPosillico, Michael G., Diplomatic SecurityRobinson, Mary H., Diplomatic SecuritySlack, Micheal Dean, Political and Military AffairsTracy, Mary, International Org. AffairsTripp, Beverly G., Diplomatic Security

GS-15Bennett, Susan Kirstein, Economic and Business

AffairsGigliotti, Donna L., International Org. AffairsRivera, Antonio Cruz, Foreign Buildings

Appointments

Bishop, Anthony, Foreign Service InstituteBras, Carlos M., Near Eastern AffairsBurkley, Tania F., AdministrationEddleman, Linda Hiniker, Inter-American AffairsEdelkamp, Fredrick S., OperationsEdwards, Terree, PersonnelGalloway, Gerald E., International Joint CommissionGomez, Raymond Edward, Diplomatic SecurityGordon, Marion R., Economic and Business AffairsHartke, Victoria R., Office of Foreign BuildingsJohnson, Douglas C., Political and Military AffairsKleinhample, Marthan, Foreign BuildingsLash, Michael H., Foreign BuildingsMcCombs, James C., International Org. AffairsMutijima Page, Susan D., Legal AdviserPerlman, Brian S., Foreign BuildingsRoberts, Tracy E., Operations CenterSavit, Kim Kavrell, New Independent StatesTrimakas, Edmund D., Political and Military AffairsWashington, Lachelle, PersonnelWaters, Betty P., Foreign Service InstituteWhetsel, Robert M., OperationsWilliams, Denise, PersonnelYoung, Urenia H., Public Affairs

Retirements

ReassignmentsDuelfer, Charles A., Political and Military Affairs to

Miscellaneous AssignmentsFrechette, Alicia A., Personnel to AdministrationHilley, Carol R., East Asian and Pacific Affairs to

International Org. AffairsJones, Debbie Ann, Under Sec. for Global Affairs to

Democracy, Human Rights and LaborMills, Sheila M., Public Affairs to Economic and

Business AffairsSmith, William Armand, Intelligence and Research to

AdministrationYuan, Margarida Maria, San Francisco Passport

Agency to Consular Affairs

Bachhuber, David Harold, Medical DirectorBaker, Robert L., Foreign BuildingsBonnaffons, Louis J., New Orleans Passport AgencyBusick, Eleanor Rust, Political and Military AffairsElliott, Randall T., Intelligence and ResearchGannon, Dominick R., Amb.-at-Large for Counter-

TerrorismHanks, Mary N., OperationsKane, N. Stephen, Public AffairsRinaldi, Salvatore J., OperationsShrum, Richard E., Economic and Business AffairsZall, Rochelle M., Operations

50 State Magazine

Resignations

Agosto, Casildo, OperationsAlexander, La-Keshia A., Foreign Service InstituteArmstrong, Jerald E., Information Resource

ManagementAttento, Adriana Maria, Foreign Service InstituteBacasse, Oliver F., Foreign BuildingsBarnum, Mary J., Foreign BuildingsBassett, Catherine, European and Canadian AffairsBishop, Kristine Rene, Foreign BuildingsBrewer, Latisha R., OperationsBrown, Mary Ella, Legal AdviserBushelle, Marc, African AffairsCantu, Lisa, Foreign Service InstituteCarter, Patricia A., Boston Passport AgencyChambers, Heather A., New Orleans Passport AgencyCole, Jennifer, PersonnelDevlin, Beverly J., AdministrationDike, Joy, ManagementDoukkali, Nadia, Foreign Service InstituteEddy, Ryan R., Inspector GeneralEinberg, Epp, Foreign Service InstituteElshihabi, Saamir, Legal AdviserErickson, Elden Bert, OperationsFeatherstone, Rachel L., Legal AdviserFelt, Justin E., OperationsFerreira-Sachero, Maria A., AdministrationFoo, Joshua B., Operations

CCIIVVIILL SSEERRVVIICCEE PPEERRSSOONNNNEELL

Foster, Derek C., PersonnelFuchs, Eric W., Office of Foreign BuildingsFulwider, Laura H., Legislative AffairsGarland, Derek A., Legal AdviserGedney, Megan E., Office of Foreign BuildingsGeorge, Lisa Davis, Legal AdviserGerber, Anne Elizabeth, OperationsGholston, Lesley E., Office of Foreign BuildingsGonzalez, Aniella, Democracy, Human Rights

and LaborGorham, Ursula K., Inspector GeneralGray, Antwand, PersonnelGray, Saadatu S., Special Representative for BosniaHandler, Alan, Office of the SecretaryHenderson, Meghan McLean, Inter-American AffairsHigbee, Sonya R., Information Resource ManagementIversen, William T., OperationsJames Jr., Jesse H., Public AffairsJenkins Jr., Robert M., East Asian and Pacific AffairsJohnson, Bianca, East Asian and Pacific AffairsJoyce, Arwen, Inter-American AffairsKayatin, Justin Michael, Diplomatic SecurityKeyes, Jeffrey V., Public AffairsKing, Susan M., OperationsKramer, George, PersonnelKristoff, Sandra J., East Asian and Pacific AffairsLarson, Christine A., Operations

Larson, William K., Diplomatic SecurityLeong, Alexander, PersonnelNagurka, Stuart C., International Org. AffairsNakamura, Maya M., Economic, Bus. and Agricultural

AffairsNewberg, Steven M., Diplomatic SecurityNisanci, Didem, Legislative AffairsPetaludis, Nicholas K., Political and Military AffairsPrice, Marshay A., Legal AdviserPue, Veronika G., PersonnelRoh, Audrey, East Asian and Pacific AffairsRoy, Mark C., Presidential Management Intern Prog.Salazar, Ana Maria, Inter. Narc. and Law Enfor. AffairsScaringi, Stefany, Inter-American AffairsSchumeister, David N., Foreign BuildingsSiff, Jodi Lynn, Legal AdviserSmith, Jennifer K., Legal AdviserStainback, Sara L., Inspector GeneralStaub, Paula J., Inspector GeneralTaylor, Roshunda R., OperationsThomas, Renee M., Worker Trainee InitiativeTyree, Harrison R., PersonnelValerga, Stanislaus R. P., Diplomatic SecurityVorwerk, Julia A., PersonnelWeiss, Neil D., OperationsWong, Victoria, Legal Adviser

Leave Fund Helps Bombing VictimsFederal Civil and Foreign Service employees can donate leave to

recovering victims of the U.S. Embassy bombings in Africa under theEmergency Leave Transfer Program authorized by the President.

Each agency administers this special program. Employees in anyexecutive agency can donate annual leave to any employees whoneed time to recover from being “adversely affected” by the Aug. 7bombings.

The Emergency Leave Transfer Program is not part of the regular fed-eral voluntary leave program and is more liberal. It allows donatedleave to be used for medical emergencies and for personal needs orfamily member care arising from the bombings. It doesn’t requirerecipients to exhaust their own annual and sick leave accounts beforeusing donations.

For detailed information and program rules, point your Internet brows-er to the Office of Personnel Management’s web site athttp://www.opm.gov/oca/compmemo/1998/cpm98af2.htm. Downloadprintable donation forms at: http://www.opm.gov/forms/html/emerg.htm.

The U.S. Embassy in Nairobi.

Phot

o by

And

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A. R

aham

an

November 1998 51

Courses: National Foreign Affairs Training Center

&Education TrainingProgram Dec. Jan. Length Program Dec. Jan. Length

Administrative TrainingCustomer Service 9 — 2 DCFMS-System Overview & Orientation 7, 14 — 1 DCFMS-Budget Execution 15 — 2 DCFMS-Requisition Document 8 — 2 DCFMS-Miscellaneous Obligations 10 — 2 DCFMS-Travel Orders 17 — 2 DDomestic Administrator Officer Seminar — 11 3 WCOR Update 14 — 1 DBudget & Financial Management — 25 7 WWorking with ICASS — 12 4 DAppropriation Law — 26 4 DGeneral Services Operation 14 — 10 WBasic Administration Management 7 25 1 WPersonnel Course — 25 7 W

Correspondence Courses: How to Be a Certifying Officer, How to Be a ContractingOfficer Rep., How to Write a Statement of Work, Intro. to Simplified Acquisitions andReq. Overseas, Management Controls Workbook, Training for Overseas CashierSupervisor, Training for Overseas Cashier, Training for Overseas Voucher Examiners

Consular TrainingAdvanced Consular Course — 4 3 WAutomation for Consular Managers 7 25 1 W

Continuous Enrollment: Congen Rosslyn Consular, Consular OrientationCorrespondence Courses: Immigration Law and Visa Operation, Nationality Law andConsular Procedures, Overseas Citizens’ Services, Passport Examiner

Economic & Commercial TrainingExport Promotion — 11 1 WPol/Econ Tradecraft — 19 2.8 W

Leadership & Management DevelopmentEEO/Div. Awareness for Man. and Sup. 3, 10, 17 7, 14, 20, 28 2 DForeign Affairs Leadership Seminar — 24 2.2 WPerformance Management Seminar 7 — 3 DIntroduction to Management Skills — 4 1 WManaging State Projects — 25 1 W

Information Management TrainingMicrosoft Project 7 — 2 DInternet Concepts 2, 4, 8, 10, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 1 D

14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28Word 97 Introduction 2, 16 6, 20 2 DWord 97 Intermediate 10 14 2 DWord 6.0 Workshop 11 8 3 HAccess 97 Introduction 2, 16 13, 27 2 DAccess 97 Intermediate 14 20 2 DExcel 97 Introduction 14 4, 25 2 DExcel 97 Intermediate 9 6 2 DExcel 97 Workshop 11 22 3 HPowerPoint 97 Introduction 7 11, 25 2 DPowerPoint 97 Intermediate 17 27 2 DPowerPoint 97 Workshop 18 15 3 HManaging Information Programs — 8 3 WNetworking Essentials — 4 1 WWindows NT 4.0 Administration — 11 2 WMS Exchange Basic — 25 1 DMS Outlook ‘97 4 29 1 D

PC/Windows NT 4.0 Fundamentals 3, 14 4 2 DWindows NT Advanced End User 4, 18 8, 22 1 DALMA Overview-Word 7 11, 25 6 HALMA Overview-Word 8 12, 26 2 DALMA Overview-Client Network 9 13, 27 3 HALMA Overview-Excel 10 14, 28 6 HALMA Overview-PointPoint 11 15, 29 6 HBackup-Limited Communications Ops. — 11 2 WIntro to Telephone and Key Systems — 4 1 WRefresher Communication 7, 14, 21, 28 4, 11, 19, 25 4 DIntroduction to DATACOM — 11 2 WTERP-5/Term Equipment Program — 25 2 WSC-7 Operations & Maintenance — 11 3 WCommercial Terminal CT-7/9 — 11 1 WWide-Band Digital Trans. Networking — 25 2 WSX-50-Mitel PBX SX-50 — 11 1 WSX-200D-Mitel PBX SX-200 Digital — 18 1 WSX-20/200A-Mitel PBX SX-20/200 Analog — 25 1 WWindows NT 4.0 Local Admin. — 11 2 WCLOUT 3.0 — 25 3 DBlack Packet Switching — 11 1 WMeridian 61C — 11 2 WPersonal Comp. Basics/Adv. 31 11 2 WBlack Router — 4 1 WMicrosoft Exchange — 25 1 W

Office Management TrainingForeign Svc. Trng.–Entering Pers. — 26 2.6 WDrafting Correspondence — 11 1 WTravel Regulations and Vouchers 9 — 2 DFiles Management and Retirement 11 15 7 HBetter Office English/Written — 11 2 WEffective Speaking & Listening 7 — 2 WEmployee Relations 10 28 2 D

Political TrainingArms Control Delegation — 11 4 DNegotiation Art & Skills 7 — 1 W

Overseas Briefing CenterExplaining America 5 — 1 DManaging Rental Property from Overseas — 20 2 HRegulations/Allowances/Finances 8 — 3 DPost Options for Emp. and Train. — 23 1 DTargeting Job Search — 21 2 D

Security OverseasSecurity Overseas Seminar — 25 2 DAdvanced Security Overseas Seminar 8 5 1 DTDY Security Overseas Seminar — 12 1 D

Career Transition CenterRetirement Planning Seminar — 25 1 W

Length: H = Hours, D = Days, W = Weeks**Registration requires pre-approval.For additional information, consult the course catalog or contact the Office of theRegistrar at (703) 302-7144.

52 State Magazine

LL II BB RR AA RR YY RR EE PP OO RR TT

By Dan Clemmer

Like people in many professions,librarians sometimes use words inways that confuse those outside theirprofession. Consider, for instance, the

word “book.” Everyone knows what a book is.While there is little question about the physi-cal properties of a book—a set of folded sheetsof papers sewn or stapled along one edge andenclosed within protective covers, and the written mate-rials contained therein—this description can also includea pamphlet. Is a pamphlet a book? This was of enoughconcern to enough librarians that the definition of eachwas established by a UNESCO conference in 1964. Basedon that definition, a book is a non-periodical publicationof at least 49 pages, exclusive of cover pages, and a pam-phlet is a non-periodical with 48 or fewer pages.

In library cataloging circles, a book is frequently calleda monograph, a separate publication on a single distinctsubject. The word was originally used in the field of nat-ural history to refer to a publication on a single genus orspecies of plants, animals or minerals. It then came to beused to describe publications on a single subject in otherfields as well. In general usage, “book” and “mono-graph” are synonymous.

After the book, the serial is the second of the two greatbuilding blocks of traditional library collections. Inlibrary talk, a serial is a publication issued in successiveparts and intended to be continued indefinitely.Included under the general heading of serials are peri-odicals, magazines, journals, newspapers and annuals.For all practical purposes, magazines and periodicals aresynonymous and are near-synonyms for serial.Although both contain a mixture of articles, reviews, sto-ries and other writings, the word “periodical” highlightsits regularity of appearance and “magazine,” derivedfrom the Arabic word for “storehouse,” highlights itsstored contents. Business Week and The New Yorker areexamples of the periodical or magazine. A journal, fre-quently called a “learned” journal because of its reliabil-ity and quality, is usually published by a scholarly soci-ety or institution. Foreign Affairs and Journal ofInternational Affairs are good examples. The English lan-guage usage of journal has now lost its French languagemeaning of a daily newspaper. The author is State’s chief librarian.

The traditional language of libraries hasbeen augmented in recent years by manynew words and phrases ushered in by theelectronic revolution. The word “online,” forinstance, has been around since the early1970s when librarians began to gain access todatabases through telecommunication links.Using a modem and a dedicated work sta-tion or a personal computer, a librarian goes“online” and searches remote databases suchas the Dow-Jones News Retrieval Service or

Lexis-Nexis for current and archived information, thendelivers the results to the requester. Today, anyone with aPC and an Internet connection can go online and retrievea wealth of free information, but the best and most reliableservices require a subscription and can be very expensive.

Most libraries these days have their own online service,an Online Public Access Catalog, a computerized versionof the old card catalog listing the library’s holdings ofbooks, periodicals, microfiche and other types of materi-al. The OPAC and the traditional card catalog containessentially the same information, but the OPAC can besearched by virtually any word in the database. State’sOPAC is on the library’s local area network and also onthe Internet at www.library.state.gov.

The OPAC is generally one of the main components ofthe virtual, or digital, library, an electronic library ofbooks, documents, periodicals, catalogs, statistics andmany other types of information sources made accessibleto users through the Internet or other networks 24 hoursa day, seven days a week. We hope that the Ralph BuncheLibrary can offer virtual library services to State employ-ees around the world before very long.

The expected release this fall of several digital booksreopens the question of “what is a book?” A digital book—I’ve read about them but have never seen one—is anelectronic container sometimes resembling a book, intowhich the full text of many books or other digital data canbe downloaded and read. One such device, the SoftBook,weighs 2.9 lbs. and measures 8 inches by 11 inches—a lit-tle hefty for most readers to curl up with—but compen-sates somewhat by being leather bound. Time will tellwhether it and its competitors will sell enough copies ofdigital books for the term to become widely used.

What Is a Book?

Department of State, USABureau of PersonnelWashington, DC 20520

Official BusinessPenalty for Private Use

PeriodicalsPostage and Fees Paid

Department of StateISSN 1099—4165

If address is incorrect, pleaseindicate change. Do not coveror destroy this address label.POSTMASTER: Send changesof address to:

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A Time for Giving Thanks.