8.3 - Heating and Ventilation System, AC System [OCR]

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Saab

SERVICE MANUAL

8:3 Heating and ventil ation systemair conditioning systemM 1979-86


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28 Technical data

S f t 8 Special tools- b ~ O ; O Heating n ventilation system85 4 ai r conditioning system

89 9Alphabetic index

SERVI EM NU L

:eating and .ventilation sfstem

ai r conditioningsystemM 979 86

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ir conditioning system

Technical data 28 1

Technica l data I

Sankyo SD 508 Clarion F140

Cycling Clutch, Clarionasfrom 1981 models accessory)

on

VIR system, . Cycling Clutch,1979 models 1980 models

Compressor

Cylinders . Four Four Five Ten

Swept volume 164cm 164cm 138cm 140cm

Oil capacity 1.8dl 1.8dl 1.75dl 1.2dl newcomp.) newcomp.) newcomp.) newcomp.)

Weight, inc . 7.8kg 7.8kg 7.8kg 7.7kgclutch

Speed 500-7000 500-7000 500-6000 upto 7000r/min r/min r/min r/min

Capacity

Type des igna tion Delco R Delco R1131061, 1131223 1131331

Expansion valve, Cycling Clutch

Superheat 3.9 7)

Superheat, Clarion 4.5 8)

On4.0-6.2

Anti-frosting thermostat

Make

Control range, C

Ranco Clarion

Off On Off0.4-2.6 4.0-6.5 0.1-2.5

Pressure switch low gas pressure

Pressure switch control of radiator fan , up to and incl. the 9 8 models

Temperature switch engine coolant

12.6-16.8. 188-239

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Opening pressure

Control range

bar psi)

bar psi)

2.9 41 2.1 30)

Opening temperature 11 5 3

Saab900


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efrigerant

Type R12

Refrigerantweightinthesystem

1979 1980 models kg 1. 21981 models up to andincl. chassis No.AB1009099 4 40 mm long compressorsuction line) kg 1. 0

1981 models up to andinc . chassis No.AB1009100 1000 mm long compressorsuction line + largecondenser) kg 1.151981 modelsas fromchassis No.AC1006000,AC2001800 1000 mm longcompressor-suction line+ small condenser) kg 1. 0 1.05 Clarion)

ightening torques for the compressor

15 11) for Clarion

15 1,1 for Clarion

Suniso 5GS, Texaco, Capella E WF100)BP, Energol LPT100

Refrigeration compressor oil

34 42 25-31)

8 1 2 6-9)

15 20 11-31)

30 34 22-25)

12 17 9-13)

Saab900

Nm Ibfft)

Nm Ibfft)

Nm Ibfft)

Nm Ibfft)

Nm Ibfft)

Alternative makes

l

Clutch centre nutCycling Clutch, 1980:

Oil filler plug:

Cylinder head bolts:

Complete servicevalve:

Viscosity 1 00 cSt)

Type

CyclingClutch as from1981model:

28 2 echnical data


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echnical data 28 3

ightening torques for refrigerant hosesI

elco V R system

Model year 1 9 7 9 8

Condenser- V assembly:

Condenser Nm Ibfft 14-29 10-21)V assembly Nm Ibfft . 14-20 10-15)

Condenser - Compressor:Condenser Nm Ibfft 33-40 24-:30)Compressor Nm Ibfft 33-40 24-30)

V assembly - Compressor:V assembly Nm Ibfft 41-48 30-35)Compressor Nm Ibfft 41-48 30-35)

Service valve Nm Ibfft 17-19 13-14)

V assembly connections to

the evaporatorLarge coupling Nm Ibfft 38-45 28-33)Smaller coupling Nm Ibfft 20-27 15-20)

Small coupling Nm Ibfft 7-10 5-7)

1

elco ycling lutch system

Model year 1 9 8

Condenser - Dryer receiver:Condenser Nm Ibfft 14-20 10-15)Dryer receiver Nm Ibfft 14-20 10-15)

Condenser - Compressor:Condenser Nm Ibfft 33-40 24-30)Compressor Nm Ibfft 33-40 24-30)

Dryerreceiver- Expansionvalve:Dryerrece iver Nm Ibfft 14-20 10-15)Expansion valve Nm Ibfft 14-20 10-15)

Evaporator- Compressor:Evaporator Nm Ibfft 36-43 27-32)Compressor Nm Ibfft 36-43 27-32)

Service valve Nm Ibfft 17-19 13-14)

Expansion valve, connection tothe evaporator Nm Ibfft 21-27 15-20)

Expansion valve, compensating pipecoupling Nm Ibfft 7-10 5-7)

Saab900


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28 4 Technical data

Ii ankyo cycling clutch systemModel year 1 9 8 1

Condenser- Dryer receiver:

CondenserNm

Ibfft 14-20 (10-15)Dryer receiver Nm Ibfft 14-20 (10-15)Condenser- Compressor: Compressor with P connection

Condenser Nm Ibfft 21-28 (15-21) All 8202 and 8201 from and including; I )Compressor Nm Ibfft 25-30 (18-22) 1986 years model (not single carbure-tor): 22-27 Nm (16-20 Ibfft).

Dryer receiver - Expansion valve:Washer Part No. 8073108 should be

Dryer receiver Nm Ibfft 14-20 (10-15) placedbetweenthe screwhead andtheExpansion va Ive Nm Ibfft 14-20 (10-15) P connection-

Evaporator- Compressor:

I IEvaporator Nm Ibfft 28-39 (21-29)

Compressor Nm Ibfft 30-34 (22-25)Expansionvalve, connection tothe evaporator Nm Ibfft 21-27 (15-20) ,I

I

Expansion valve, compensating pipe oupling Nm Ibfft 7-10 5-7

iI

I I larion y ling lut h systemiII

Condenser - Dryer receiver:Condenser Nm Ibfft 15 (11)Dryer receiver Nm Ibfft 15 (11)

ICondenser - Compressor:

Condenser Nm Ibfft 25 (18)i Compressor Nm Ibfft 30 (22)iI Dryerreceiver- Expansion va Ive:

IDryer receiver Nm Ibfft 20 (15)Expansion valve Nm Ibfft 20 (15)

I Evaporator- Compressor: 4Evaporator Nm Ibfft 35 (26)i I Compressor Nm Ibfft 35 (26)I,I

IExpansionvalve, connection toth e evaporator Nm Ibfft 25 (18)

i ExpansionvaIve, compensating pipeI coupling Nm Ibfft 10 (7)II1

. II

II

Saab900


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peci l tools 1 8 1

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8

5759

]595

8393399 Puller rotor compressor

8393282 Guide rotor Robinair 10471 1

8393290 Drift magnetic clutch Robinair10472

8393308 Installing-tool KM 9480 01

8393373 Key removal of front plate compressor

15

peci l t s

Fixture compressor

Saab9

8393233

8393241 Sleeve to replace magneticclutch KM 9399

8393274 Puller rotor Robinair 10471 1

8393258 Puller magnetic clutch KM9401

8393266 Hook wrench holding tool Robinair 10418

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,

1 8 2 peci l t s

58 6

8 3 9 3 3 8 Puller, front plate, compressor 8393662 Puller. For the removal of the

driver

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847 54 Screwdriver with hexagonal drivefor removing the temperaturecontrol valve as from the 98models

8 3 9367 Socket. For undoing and tighten-ing pulleysecuring nut

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ill, II

0--11 -

Fitting tool (two hooks). Se8 393738

Fitting tool (three hooks). Usedfor removing and fitting the shaftseal. Since two differenttypes ofshaft s ~ are used, two differenttypes of tool are necessary

8 3 93688

83 9 3 7 3 8

Clamp. Used to stop the clutchfrom turning when undoing ortightening the centre nut

Adapter, compressor

S 8

Installing drift, compressor

58

8393654

8 3 9 34 7

83934 5

Saab

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8393696

83937 4

83937 2

Pliers Used for removing and fit-ting the seal

Press sleeve Used for pressingthe felt ring onto the shaft

Protective sleeve Should be fit-

ted onto the shaft to avoiddamaging the shaft seal

pecial tools 1 8 3

ther equipment

Refco type 7 5 filling station

Type T 5 leakage detector

Saab9


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e ting and ventil tion system air condition-ingsystem

unctional description he air is drawn by the fan through the air intakeon the right hand side of the bonnet or is forcedinto the inlet by the r m effec t when the car istravelling. he airthen flows through n efficientfilter which arrests particles of dust and dirt. hea ir then continues through the fan cas ing andheat exchanger and flows through various ductsto outlets in the facia and a t th e f loor. Air fromthe interior is exhausted through special air out-lets in the luggage compartment.

i r flow he ting nd ventil tion system

Saab


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854-2 Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system

Saab 900

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The heating system is controlled as follows:

1 Vacuum-controlled dampers for guiding theflow of air through the system.

2 Thermostatically controlled, manually adjustable temperature control valve for con

troll ing the flow of engine coolant throughthe heat exchanger.

3 Switch for controlling the fan speed.

The fan switch can be set for three different fanspeeds. The switch has no off position, and thefan will therefore always be running, wheneverthe vacuum distributor is operative. When the airdistribution control is set to 0 the supply circui t to the fan wil l be opened, regardless of thefan switch position. These functions are controlled by microswitches actuated by the air distribution control knob.

1

1 Air i nt ake2 Filter3 an motor4 Heat exchanger5 Temperature control valve

o s i t i o n s ~ n d of the air distributioncontrol are intended for the air conditioning unitthat can be incorporated into the ordinary heating and ventilation system. In cars not equippedwith an air conditioning system, these positionsare used only for supplying fresh air. s from the 1984 models, cars with an air conditioning system includes a manually controlledair rec ircu la tion feature. Air reci rculat ion isstarted automatically when the air distributioncontrol is set to

ot

Air r eci rcula ti on should not be used in coldweather, since it may give ri se to mis ting andfrosting of the windows.

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6 Airdistribution control7 Vacuum servo, single-stage8 Vacuum servo, tWo-stage9 Vacuum-controlled air dampers

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g d v e n tila t io n s ys te m , a i r c o n d iti o n in g s ys te m 8 5 4 3

I

Ap a rt fro m a ir to th e c e n tra l p a n e l o u tl e t, a ll a irp a s s e s th ro u g h th e , h e a t e xc h a n g e r. T h e p a n e lo u tl e ts ca n be c lo s e d a n d o p e ne d in d iv id u a llya n d , c o n s e q u e n tly, i f th e c e n tr a l p a n e l o u t le t iss h u t, a ll a ir en te rin g th e c a r c an be h e a te d . Inc a rs w ith a ir c o n d itio n in g , th e te m p e ra tu re c o n -tro l is u s e d to re g u la te th e te m p e ra tu re o f th e in -c o m in g c o o le d a ir. The o u te r d e fro s te r n o z z le sfo r th e s id e w ind o ws c a n n o t b e c lo s e d .

1 S w itc h fo r fa n m o to r2 Te m p e ra tu re co n tr o l3 Air d is trib u tio n c o n tro l va c u u m d is trib u to r 4 R e c irc u la tion s w itc h a s fro m th e 19 8 4

m o d e l 5 s w itc h a s fro m th e 1 9 8 1 m o d e l 6 C e n tre a ir o u t le t7 D a m pe r c o n tro l8 S id e win d o w d e fro st e r9 D a m p e r c o n tr o l, o u t e r a ir o u t le t

1 O u te r a ir o u tle t

lo w o f a ir t d if fe re n t s e t ti n g s of th a ird is tr ib ut io n co n tro l

o s it i on

N o c u rre n t to fa n m o to r. All a ir va lve s c lo s e d , al -th o u g h le a ka g e o f a ir w ill o c c u r th ro u g h d e fro s -t e r a nd o u te r p a n e l ve nt s . s fro m 19 8 4 m o d e ls , a ll ve n ts c lo s e d in c ar sw ith a ir c o n d itio n in g .

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854 4 Heating and ventilation system, ai r conditioning system

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Position resh air C maxCurrentto fan motor, high speed.No regulation of fan speed possible.Air valves to f loor and outer and central panelvents open.

Defroster outlet closed, but some flow of air.1979 - 80 models with air conditioning system:Compressor in operation, dampers for floor outlets closed. Recirculation o f t he air in the interior.

s from the 1981 models: Separate switch pro

vided for the air conditioning system. Recirculation of the air in the interior.

5 G 3 19

.

Vents2 6 8

and 9 open (8 and 9 partially open).Carswith air conditioning: vents 8 and 9 closed.

Vents 2 and 6 open and 8 and 9 partial ly open.Carswith air conditioning: vents 8 and 9 closed.

Defroster outlet closed, but some flow of air.1979 - 80 models with air conditioning system:Compressor in operation, flaps for floor outletsclosed. s from th e 1981 model: Separate switch provided for the air conditioning system.

resh air C freshosition

See page852 2

for particularsof

the vacuumservo location.

Current to fan motor. Regulat ion of fan speedpossible.Valves for outer and central panel vents open.Valves for floor area partially open.

See page 8 52 2 f or particulars of the vacuumservo location.

Saab9

Vacuum servos 1 5 and 7 operative (7: firststage). Cars with air conditioning: vacuum servo7 not operating.

Vacuum servos 1 5 and 7 operative (7: firststage). Cars with air conditioning: vacuum servo7 not operating.

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g la tio n s y s te m , a ir c o n d itio n in g s ys te m 8 5 4 5

D e fro s te r a nd o u te r p a n e l ve n ts c lo s e d b u t le a k-a g e p a s t va lve s .

p s t ~ V V e n ti l a t io nC u rre n t to fa n m o to r. R e g u la tio n o f fa n s p e e dp o s s ib le .Air va lve s to flo o r a n d c e n tra l p a n e l ve n ts o p e n .

S e e p a g e 8 5 2 2 fo r p a rtic u la rs o f th e va c u u ms e rvo lo c a tio n .

Va c u u m s e rvo s 5 n 7 o p e ra tive7 in th e fir s t s ta g e

Air va lve s 6 8 n 9 o p e n 8 a n d 9 p a rtia lly o p e n)

o s i t io n lo o rC u rre n t t o fa n m o to r. R e g u la tio n o f fa n s p e e dp o s s ib le .Air va lve s t o flo o r o p e n .

D e fro s te r , o u te r n c e n tra l p a n e l ve n ts c lo s e d ,le a ka g e o f a ir p a s t d e fro s te r a n d o u te r p a n e lve n t va lve s .

S e e p a g e 8 5 2 2 fo r p a rtic u la rs o f t h e va c u u ms e rvo loc a tio n .

Va c u u m s e rvo 7 o p e ra tive s e c o n d s ta g e ) Air va lve s 8 a r d 9 w id e o p e n

S a a b 9 0 0

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- 854-6 Heating and ventilation system, ai r conditioning system

osition omfort

Current to fan motor. Regulation of fan speedpossible.

Defroster valves open. Floor, outer and centralpanel vents closed, but air leakage past outerpanel vent valves

5 G 3 15

fk D

Air valves 4 8 and9 open(8 and 9 wide open)

Vacuum servos 3 and 7 operative(7 second stage)

See page 852-2 fo r particulars of the vacuumservo location.

See page 852-2 for particulars of the vacuumservo location.

Vacuum servo 3 operative Air valves 4 open

Saab900

Current to fan 'motor. Regulation of fan speedpossible.

Defroster valves open. Floor, outer and centralpanel vents closed, but leakage pastouter panelvent valves.Carswith air conditioning model 1979-80: Compressor running.

osition frost r

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Air conditioning system ACThe function ofthe air conditioning system inthecar is to reduce the temperature inside the cartoa comfortable level when the outside temperature is high.

In wet weather, the system can also keep the

windscreen and side windows demisted, with thefan running at low speed, even under the mostdifficult conditions.

The system does not produce cold air but extracts heat from the air inside the car.

Since heat always flows from a hotter body to acool er one, a medium whose tempe rature islowerthan that of the air insidethe car isused tocarry the heat away.

The medium used is a liquid Freon orrefrigerant

R12 which boils and vaporizes at a lowtemperature -30C at atmospheric pressure .

At a given volume of refrigerant, there is a constant relati onship between pressure andtemperature, which means, for instance, that ifthere is a change in pressurethere will be a corresponding change in temperature. It is thispropertythat is utiIized by the system.

The refrigerant is circulated round a closed system and a reduction inthe pressure inthe systemraises the temperature of the refrigerant, causing i t to boil vaporize . Atthe pressure prevailingin this system, the refrigerantvaporizes at an approximate temperature of 0-4C 32-39F .

However, to change its state from a liquid to agas, the refrigerant must be supplied with heat.This heat is taken f rom the ai r surrounding theevaporator in which the s ta ted change takesplace. Because this heat is being absorbed bythe refrigerant, the surroundingair becomes colder. This same chilled ai r is then blown into thecar by the ventilation fan. The heat absorbed bythe refrigerant inside the evaporator iscarried tothe enginecompartment where it is dissipated int he ai r by a condenser, which is cooled by theram airand/or the cooling fan.

The system is of the compressor type, whichmeans that a compressor forces the refrigerantto circulate through the various system components.

Saab9

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1 Compressor2 Condenser3 Evaporator4 Expansion valve5 Filter/dryer receiver

h Clarion CyclingClutch system

Cycling clutch system 98 models

Cycling Clutch system as from the 9 8 mo el

aab 90 0

i r conditioning unit

1 Compressor2 Condenser3 V R assembly (suction throttling valve, expansion

valve, filter)4 Evaporator5 Service outlet, low pressure6 Service outlet, high pressure7 Expansion valve

8 Receivershell

VIR system

Cars are at present fitted with two different systems which mainly differ intheir control function.During the 9 8 models, the V R system wasreplaced by th e Cycling Clutch system. TheCycling Clutch system was produced in two versions, which differ on t he 9 8 and 9 8 mo

dels. These are factory- fit ted. A third versionth e Clarion Cycling Clutch system- hasalso beenfitted to cars.


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: , O p e ra tio n o f th e V s y s te m

9 9 m o d e ls

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Th e c o n d e n s a tio n (th e c o n d e n s e d re fr ig e ra n t) isfilt e re d , d e si c c a te d an d s to re d u n d e r p re s s u re inth e re c e ive r. The e xpa n s io n va lve m e te rs t h e refri g e ra n t in to th e e va p o ra to r, w h e re u p o n th ep re s s u re d ro p s . Th is c a u s e s th e re fri g e ra n t tob o il (e va p o rat e ) an d in d o in g so h e a t is e x tra c te dfro m th e wa rm a ir p a s s in g o ve r th e fin s o f t h ee va p o ra to r. Th is h e a t is ca rr ie d by th e re fr ig e ra n tth ro u g h th e co m p re s s o r to th e c o n d e ns e r w h e reit is d is s ip a te d in to th e a ir flo w in g o ve r th e fin s .

4 .i 6L _ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J

-

S aab 90 0

lo w thr o u g h th sy st m

1 C o m p re s s o r2 C o n d e n s e r3 VIR a s s e m bl y4 E va p o rat o r5 S uc ti o n t h r o tt lin g val ve6 Ex pa ns ion va lve

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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III

HIII

Va po u r, h ig h -pr es s u re

Liq uid , h ig h -p re ss u re

Liqu id, lo w- p re ss ur e

Va p ou r, lo w -p re s s u re

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The m a in c o m p o n e n ts in th e m e c h a n ica l s ys te ma re th e e va p o ra to r, c o m p re s s o r, c o n d e n s e r a ndva lve -in -re c e ive r VIR a s s e m b ly.The VIR a s s e m b ly c o n ta in s th e e xp a n s io n va lve ,

th e s u c tio n th ro ttli ng va lve a n d th e s h e ll h o u s in gth e fi lte r an d d e s ic c a n t. A s p e c ia l re fr ig e ra n t,R 1 2 , a bs o rb s h e a t in s id e th e e va p o ra to r bych a n g ing fro m liq u id in to va p o u r. The a ir w h ic hflo w s o ve r th e fin s of th e e va p o ra to r is c o o le da nd d rie d . As it p as se s th ro u g h th e c o m pr e s s o r,th e h e a t-ca rr y in g va p o u r is p re s s u riz e d a n drea c h e s a te m p e ra tu re th a t is c o n s id e ra b lyh ig h e r th a n t h a t of th e a m b ie n t a ir. The va p o u rp ro c e e d s to th e c o n d e n s e r wh e re it g ive s u p it sh e a t a n d re tu rn s to a liq u id s ta te (c o n d e n s e s ).

854 10 Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning systemI

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Saab 90 0

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V un t

1 From evaporator2 Use 8 mm 'socket3 Sealing r ing4 Suc ti on t hrot tl ing valve and expansion

mounting bolts5 ring6 Expansion valve. Blowclean with R 12.7 a -r in gs8 Suction throttling valve9 To compressor

10 From evaporator, compensating hose11 Valve, compensating pressure12 From condenser ring14 ring15 Sight glass16 Sealing ring17 Desiccant bag18 Filter19 Receivershell, blow clean with R 12

The valve is actuated by the out le t pressure fromth e evaporator ( the low- pressure side) . When

th e pressure has dropped to 29 Ib/in 2 (2,1 kgcm 2 the valve restr icts or throttles the flow ofvapour to the compressor, thereby maintaining aconstant pressure in th e evaporator.The valve thus prevents th e pressure in theevaporator from dr opp in g too low and, consequently, th e evaporator becoming too cold,allOWing f ros t to form on th e evaporator fins.

Expansion valve

This valve, which meters th e flow of refrigeranti nt o t he evaporator, is actua ted by the outletpressure and temperaturefrom th e evaporator. Ifth e temperature in the evaporator rises, th evalve senses this and increases the amount ofrefrigerant entering th e evaporator, thereby lowering th e temperature.The r ef ri ger an t i s in a l iq ui d state in, and i mmediately downstream of, th e expansion valve.However, as soon as th e pressure drops, the refrigerant starts to boil, t aking heat from t he a irpassing over the fins of th e evaporator and

thereby removing heat from the ambient air. Thequantity of refrigerant entering th e evaporatormust leave as 10 0 per cent gas or low-pressurevapour.

This will cause th e compressor to become f looded , with a resulting risk of damage. If to olittle refrigerant is metered into th e evaporator,th e system will become starved . The unit willno t then be capable of cooling at full capacity.The refrigerant will have vaporized or boiled of fbefore reaching the evaporator outlet. When th eexactly correct quantity of refrigerant is metered,th e refrigerant will be in a liquid state immediately downstream of th e expansion valveand wil l change to saturated vapour having atemperature difference of between 5 and 10 DC(overheating) at th e outlet.

Suction throttling valve

V R system

Valves in Receiver VIR assembly

The VIR assembly is th e system control unit andis fitted direct t o t he evaporator. The assemblyhouses the following components.

System components

This section describes the circulation ofthe refrigerant through th e system and the function of

the'various components.

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e eiver

The receiver is the component in which the quan-t it y o f refrigerant required to provide a steadyflow to the expansion valve is filtered desic-cated and stored.

The V assembly is provided with a sight glass

which shows if there is sufficient refrigerant inthe system. The service outlet for the low pres-sure side of the system is located t the top ofthe V assembly.

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Saab

Clear sight glass system correctly charged orovercharged

Occasional bubbles system not fully charged

Heavy stream of bubbles serious shortage of re-frigerant

Oil streaks on glass no refrigerant in system

Dark or clouded sight glass contaminants pre-s n t

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S 6 9 5

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u t io n

Do n o t c o n fu s e th is c o m p re s s o r w ith th ec o m p re s s o r fo r th e c yc lin g c lu tc h s ys te mw h ic h h as e xa c tly th e s a m e e xte rn a l a pp ea ra n c e. The p re s s u re - s e n s itives w itc h e s in th e s e co m p re s s o rs ha ve e ntir e ly d iffe re n t fu n c tio n s .

The VIR s ys te m co rn p re s s o r is s ta m p e dw ith m o d e l no . 1 1 3 1 06 1 o r 1 13 1 2 2 3

N o te : C o m p re s s o r 11 3 10 6 1 h a s n o n -m e t

ric th re a d s w h ile 11 31 2 23 h a s m et ricth re ad s .

5

6

4

S a ab 9 0 0

De lc o c o m p re s s o r 9 9 m o -d e ls

o m p re s s o r w ith m g n e t ic c lu tc h

1 C ra n kc a se , lo w -p re s s u re s id e2 P is to n an d va lve s 4 )3 C ylin d e r va lve s 4)4 Hig h -p re ss u re s id e5 Lo w-p re ss u re in le

t6 High -p re s su re o u tl e t7 12 V c o n n e c tio n8 F ie ld c o il9 Ma g n e tic c lu tc h

1 0 C ra n ks h a ft

o m p re s s o rTh e c o m p re s s o r p re s s u riz e s an d d ire c ts th e ref rig e ra n t th ro u g h th e s ys te m . The p re s s u re a ndte m p e ra tu re in c re a s e s o c c u rrin g in th e c o m p re ss o r enablE c o n d e n s a tio n of th e re fr ig e ra n t tota k e p la c e in th e c o n d e n s e r. The c o m p re s s o r is a4 -c y lin d e r u n it and o f c e n tri fu g a l d e s ig n . Thep is to n s and cy lin d e rs in co rp o ra te va lve s th at a reo p e n e d a nd c lo s e d by t h e p re s s u re d iffe re n c e sc a u s e d by th e m o ve m e n t o f th e p ist o n s .To p re ve n t th e co m p re s s o r fro m b e in g o ve rh e a te d an d d a m a g e d , a te m p e ra tu re -se n s in gs w itc h is fit te d w h ic h , whe n a c tu a te d , w ill c a u s e

a s a fe ty fu s e to b lo w, th e re b y b re a k in g th e c ir c u itt o t h e c o m pr e s s o r s m a g n e tic c lu tc h . O ve rh e a tin g is ca u s e d by th e s ys te m o p e ra tin g w ith to o litt l e re fr ig e ra n t in th e lo w -p re s s u re s id e o f th ec o m p re s s o r.

II

eating nd ventilation system air conditioning system 8 5 4 3


25/120

ondenser

The condenser converts the vaporized refrige-rant to the liquid state condensation . Duringthis process heat is given of f and then diffused y the air passing overthe fins of th condenser.This heat, that has been removed n the process

of converting g sto liquid, isthe sameheatab-sorbed in the evaporator to convert a l iquid to agas, with the addition of heat from the pressureincrease caused y the compressor.

Saab



26/120

S 7 5 6

7

As it passes through the compressor, the heat-carrying vapour is pressurized and reaches atemperature that is considerably higher thant ha t o f

the ambient air. The vapour proceeds tothe condenser where it gives up itsheat and returns to a liquid state (condenses). The condensation (the condensed refrigerant) is filtered, desiccated and stored under pressure in the receiver. The expansion valve meters the refrigerant intothe evaporator, whereupon the pressuredrops. This causes the refrigerantto boil (evaporate).

Anga, IflgtryckLow pressure. vaporNiederdruck. gasformigVapeur. basse pression

Vatska, IflgtyckLow pressure. liquidNiederdruck. flussig

Liquide. basse pression

Saab

9

irkul tion di gr m

1 Compressor2 Condenser3 Receiver shell4 Expansion valve5 Evaporator6 Temperature-sensitive expansion valve body7 Compensating hose8 Anti-freezing thermostat9 Temperature-sensitive anti-irostthermostat body

1

6

III

, . I

III

I J I

I__ _ J

Anga. hiigtryckHighpressure. vaporHoctldruck. gasformigVapeur, hautepression

Operating principle

The main components in the mechanical systemare the evaporator, compressor, condenser,themostatic expansion valve, anti-frosting thermostat and dryer receiver.

The refrigerant -abs Orbs ;e 8 t inside theevaporator by changing f r o m a ~ l i q u i dinto a vapour. The air which flows over the f ins o f th eevaporator is cooled and demoisturized.

ycling clutch system as from the 198models

Vatska. hogtryckHigh pressure. liquidHochdruck.flussigLiquide. hautepression

Heating and ventilation system, ai r conditioning system 854 15


27/120

~ ~ y s t e mcomponents

~ l i n clutch system

This section describesthe circulation ofthe refrigerant through the system and the function ofthe various components.

xp nsion v lve

This valve, which meters the amount of refrigerant injected into the evaporator, is governed bythe pressure and temperature at the evaporatoroutlet. The valve senses increases in thetemperature in the evaporator and increasestheamount of refrigerant supplied, thereby loweringthe temperature again. The ref rigerant is in aliquid state in, and immediately downstream of,the expansion valve. However, as soon as the

pressure drops, the refrigerantstartsto boil, andthis change in state removes heat from the ai rpassing over the fins of the evaporator. In thisway heat is removed from the ambient air. Thequantity of refrigerant entering the evaporatormust be evacuated as 100 gas or low-pressurevapour. If too much refrigerant is metered intothe evaporator, the system will be flooded andthe refrigerant will not vaporize. The increase inpressure will prevent the refrigerant vaporizingand there will also be insufficient room for it to

expand.If too little ref rigerant i s metered into theevaporator the system will become starved .The unit will notthen becapable of cooling atfullcapacity; the refrigerant will have vaporized andboiled of f before reaching the evaporator. Whenthe correct quantity of refrigerant is metered, itwill be 10 0 liquid immediately downstream ofthe expansion valve and 10 0 gas atthe outlet.

nti frost thermostat

1

xp nsion v lve

1 From receiver shell2 To evaporator3 Compensating hose Temperature-sensitive body

3 = : :

,,

~

..:

The anti-frost thermostat is a device which prevents the evaporator fins from freezing and icefrom forming. .A capillary tube is located between the fins andsenses their temperature.

The thermostat is connected in series to thecompressor's magnetic clutch. When the temperature in t he evaporator drops below 35F(1.5C) the current to the magnetic clutch is cutof f and the compressor stops. When the

temperature in the evaporator rises to thethermostat closes and the compressor starts.

Saab900

8 5 4 1 6 H e a tin g a n d v e n tila t io n s y s te m , a ir c o n d itio n in g s ys te m


28/120

2

S 75 5

4

3

5

e c e iv e r s h e ll

1 S ig h t g la s s2 To e xp a n s io n val ve3 rom c o n d e n s e r4 D e s ic c a n t5 F ilte r

C la r io n

Sa ab

C le a r s ig h t g la s s - s ys te m c o rre c tlyc h a rg e d o r o ve rc h a rg e d

Heavy s tr e a m o f b u b b le s - s e rio u s s h o rta g e o f re frig e ra n t

O cc a s io n a l b u b b le s - s ys te m n o t fu llyc h a rg e d

Da rk o r c lo u d e d s ig h t g la s s - c o n tam in a n tsp re s e n t

O il s tre a ks on g la s s - no re fig e ra n t in sy ste m

The d rye r re c e ive r is a ls o e q u ip p e d w ith a s ig h tg la s s w h ic h sh o w s w h e th e r th e s ys te m c o n ta in ss u ff i c i e n t re fr ig e ra n t.

s fro m th e 1 9 8 1 m o d e l, th e re c e ive r h a s a lsob e e n fit te d w ith a p re s s u re - s e n s in g s w itc h . Th efu n c tio n o f t h i s s w itc h is to p ro te c t th e c o m p re ss o r a g a in s t o ve rh e a tin g . The s w itch is w ire d inse rie s w ith t h e po w e r s u p p ly to th e co m p re s s o r

c lu tc h .If

th e re frig e ra n t p re s s u re s h o u ld d ro pb e lo w 4 Ib /in 2 2 .8 kg f/c m 2 wh ich c o u ld o c cu rif th e s ys te m c o n ta in s in s u ffic ie n t re fr ig er a n t o rif t h e a m b ie n t te m pe ra tu re s h o u ld d ro p b e lo w+ 6 . 5 C 4 4 F , th e s w itc h w ill op e n th e ci rc u it t ot he m a g n e tic c lu tc h .

r y e r r e e iv e r

The d ry er filte rs , d e h u m id ifie s an d s to re s th ere fri g e ra n t n e c e s s a ry fo r s u p p lyin g th e e xp a ns io n va lve w ith a s te a d y flo w o f re frig e ra n t.

Th e d rye r re c e ive r n e e d n o t b e re p la c e d if th e

s ys te m p e rfo rm s s a tis fa c to rily . I ft h e s ys te m h asb e e n o p e n e d up , th e d rye r re c e ive r n e e d on ly bere p la c e d if th e s ys te m h a s be e n ope n to a tm o sp h e ric a ir fo r m o re th a n five m in u te s , o r if th e reis s o m e re a s o n to s u s p e c t th a t i t h a s a b s o rbe dm o is tu re .

o

Heating and ventilation.system , air conditioning system 854 17

l 98 d l


29/120

elco compressor 98 models

Saab

ompressor with m gnetic clutch Crankcase low pressure side2 Piston and valves 4)3 Cylindervalves 4)4 High pressure side5 Low pressure inlet6 High pressure outlet7 2 V connection8 Field coil9 Magnetic clutch

10 Crankshaft

7 8

S 6935

The cycling system compressor is stampedwith model no. 3 33

ution

Do not confuse this compressor with thecompressor for the VIR system which hasexactly the same external appearance.The pressure-sensitive switches in thesecompressors have entirely different functions.

5

The compressor pressurizes th e refrigerant andforces it through the system. The pressure andtemperature increasesoccurring in the compressor enable condensation of th e refrigerant totake place in the condenser. The compressor is afour-cylinder unit of centrifugal design. The pis

tons and cylinders incorporate valves that openand close asa result of the pressure differencescaused by the reciprocating movement of thepistons.

A pressure-sensitive switch is provided on thehigh-pressure side of th e compressor to protectit from damage by overheating. In normal operation the compressor s magneticclutch is earthedthrough this switch.

If the vapour pressure drops below 40 Ib/in 2.8kgf/cm which can occur if there is insufficientrefrigerant in the system or ifthe ambient temperature drops below 6.5C 44F), the switchbreaksthe circuittothe electro-magnetic clutch.

854 18 Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system


30/120

I

1i .

1:

i. ,

on enser

he condenser converts the vaporized refrige-rant to the liquid state condensation . Duringthis process heat is given of f and then diffusedby the airpassing overthe fins of the condenser.This heat, that has been removed in the processof converting agasto liquid, isthesame heat ab-sorbed in the evaporator to convert a liquid to agas, with the addition of heat from the pressureincrease caused by the compressor.

Saab900

eating and ventilation system air conditioning s y s ~ 8 5 4 9

(Sank o Sanden) compressor


31/120

1

ution

S 8242

The compressor is provided with an oil fil-ler plug which may only be removed oncethe system has been drained of refriger

ant.Note. This is not an oil level plug

Saab9

1 Magnetic clutch Bearing3 Oil filler plug4 Service valve5 Cylinderhead6 Valve housing7 Pis ton

6

7

(Sankyo-Sanden) compressor

The compressor is a five-cylinder, axial-flowtype. The valve system consists of a separatevalve housing located between the compressorhousing and the cylinder head. The valves openand close as a result of the pressure differencescaused by the reciprocating movement of the

pistons. The service valves for the sys tem arealso located in the compressor cylinder head. 9 83 models onwards incorporate a pressureswitch in the service valve for the high- pressureside. The pressure switch starts and stops thestandard radiatorfan when preset pressures arereached in the system. The pressure switch mustbe removed before the pressure gauge equipment can be connected to the service valve onthe high-pressure side.

~

~ ~ ; ~ l :j ~

....

854 2 Heating and ventilation system air conditioning system


32/120

ompressor larion

The compressor is o the swash plate type It isalso o the reciprocating type and has ten hori-zontal cylinders with double acting pistons hevalve system comprises individual swash plateslocated between the compressor housing andth cylinder heads he valves are opened andclosed by the pressure differences created byth action o the pistons Service valves or thesystem are incorporated in the rear cylinder heado th compressor

aution

The compressor has n oil ill r plug whichmust be removed unless the system hasbeen drained o refrigerant N B he plugcannot be used for checking the oil level

S a a b

Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system 854 21


33/120

change the air filter 979 982 mo-dels

Undo the four retaining screws and withdraw thef il te r. F it new fil ter. Change the filter every18 miles 30 km).

autionAvoid touching the filter elementThe filter element contains glass fibreswhich can cause skin irritation.WE R PROTECTIVE GLOVESWHEN HANDLING THEFILTER

1983models onwards: The cover is incorporatedin the filter casing and secured by four plastic

clips. To remove the cover, turn the clips a Jturn clockwise or anti-clockwise.

To refit, reverse the removal procedure.

change the heat exchanger and temp-eraturtt control valve 9 79 models

Remove the heat exchanger and valve from thecar as one unit.

1 Remove the cover under the switches on thesteering column

2 Certain cars have a fr on t centre consol ewhich must be removed see section 85 3 Interior equipment ).

to Saab 9

854 eating n ventilation system air conditioning system


34/120

3 Remove the lower section of the instrumentpanel.

4 Remove the air diffuser screws .

5 Remove the left -hand defroster /speakergrille

6 Remove the contro l rod from between thewater valve and the control knob by slidingthe rod forward as far as it will go so th t itcomes free from the knob.Next pull the rod back to free it from thewater valve. The plastic j oi nt t the controlknob is accessible from underneath oncethe switches below the heatercontrols havebeen pressed backwards.

1 Control rod watervalve2 ter valve

S a a b

Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system 854 2 3

7 Remove the lower section of the hea te rh i


35/120

emperature control valve 9 9 mo ls

housing.

8 Drain of f sufficient coolant to enable thehoses to the water valve in the engine com-partment to be disconnected without spil-lage. o prevent coolant leaking onto thecarpeting, plug the hose ends before remov-ing the heat exchanger/water valve.

9 Separate t he he at exchanger with wa tervalve from the heater housing and gUide itbackwards and downwards. o make surethere is room for the water va Ive to pass be-tween the heater housing and the steeringcolumn, unhook t he brake pedal returnspring and depress the pedal slightly.

10 Remove the capillary tube from the heat ex-changer where applicable) and the screwsbolts in the water valve flange.

11 Always renew the gasket for the water valveflange. Handle the capillary tube with care,never allowing it to become kinked orcreased.

Refit in the reverse order.

Water hose connections1 o engine coolant pump2 rom coolant distribution pipe, connected to the

engine block3 Upper connection branch on the temperature con-

trol valve4 Lower connection branch on the temperature con-

trol valve

Saab 900

1

3

S 8 00 6

I



36/120

emperature control valve asfrom the 98 models

o change the temperature control valve

1 Remove the bottom section of the facia.

2 Remove the left-hand speaker grille.

3 Disconnect the two wat er hoses from t hevalve in the engine compartment about 3 dl.of water will run out .

4 s screwdriver 84 71 54 to remove thevalve.

. Saab 9


5 Release the control rod from the valve.


37/120

6 Fit the O-rings to a new valve and se curethem in posit ion with a dab of gasket compound.

7 Fit t he valve. Fit t he control rod when thetemperature control is in the shut-off posit ion and the flat surface on th e plastic stemof the valve points upwards valve closed .

N The mounting holes in a new valve arenot tapped. The screws are thread- forming self-tapping .

1 Control for the temperature control valve2 Temperature control valve

8 Connect the c oolan t hoses in th e engine

compartment to the valve.9 Top-up with coolant , and pressure-test and

vent the system. Check it for tightness.

1 Fit the def roster g ri ll e and the bot tom section of the facia.

1

2

S 8

o h nge the drive pin o the temper -

ture ontrol v lve1 Remove the valve.

2 Remove the drive pin from the valve bymeans of a g ri nd er or by drilling o ut t herivets.

ter hose connections

1 To the engine coolant pump2 From the coolant distribution pipe, connected to

the engine block3 Upper connection branch on the temperature con-

trol valve4 Lower connection branch on the temperature con-

trol valve

Saab9

854 26 Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system

h


38/120

IN

\ I

/

(

3 Pop-rivet a new drive .pint to the valve. Thedrive pin is designed so t ha t i t canonly be fitted in one way.

Saab 900

Vacuum connectionB Air distribution control

IN = 850mm1 = 850 mm, recirculation damper2 = 55 0 mm, centre facia outlet3 = 50 750 750 mm, outerfacia outlet4 = 400 mm, defroster5 = 500 mm, floor damper, left-hand = = = = : = J C : : = = = : : ; : = ~

6 = 550 mm, floor damper, right-hand

cuum hoses

ot

Ifthe temp erature control valve mus t be replaced due to reakage, drain the coolant and

flush the system with water.

This is due tothe fac t tha t the anti-corrosion additive in t he cool ant w il l event ual ly be consumed, which increases the risk of corrosion.

eating and ventilation system air conditioning system 854 7

To change the fan motor

1 Di h bl f h i i l


39/120

1 Disconnectthe cable from the posit ive poleo th battery

2 Remove the steering wheel and bothspeaker/defroster grilles

3 Remove the four facia retaining screws

4 Til t the panel towards th rear and discon-nect the elect ri cal con ne ct io ns and t hehqses from the air distribution control

5 Remove the facia

6 Remove the screws retaining the top o thefacia at the windscreen

7 Remove the screws retaining the top o thefacia under the glove compartment

S a a b

854 28 Heating and ventilation system air conditioning system S:- f

8 Lift of f the top of the facia


40/120

9 Disconnect the electric cables from the fanmotor and remove the retaining screws forthe right hand defroster damper housing

I

1 Remove the fan motor retaining screws andlift outthe motor.

Fit the fan motor in the reverse order.

ot

h four screws retaining the switch panel are ofdifferent lengths. h screws are marked withgrooves. h lengths are shown in the figurebelow.

Saab 9

I J rs75B4i:1 3 4

1 1 7 6 m m 3 21 mm

2 2 5 m m 4 189mm

Heating and ventilation system air conditioning system 854 29

ars with


41/120

General directions for work on the system

Precautions against moisture entering

the system etcny damage resulting in l eaks in th e system

must be remedied immediately to prevent mois-ture orforeign bodies entering the system. To re-duce the r isk of moisture entering the systemwhile work is in progress it is vital that all com-ponents be kept clean and dry. Always keep therefrigeration oil in a sealed container to preventthe oil absorbing moisture from the air.

Plugs used to blank off ports in new componentsshould not be removed until immediately beforethe component is to be connected.

Ifthe car has been involved in a collision a care-ful inspection must be made of all componentsthat could have been damaged. Pay special at-tention to soldered joints. Bent or cracked pipesmust always be replaced never a t tempt to re-pairthem. If it is suspected that dirt may have en-tered a component inspect and clean the com-ponent thoroughly.

Desiccant inside the receiverThe receiver should be replaced if the systemhas been open fo r more than five minutes. Thesystem is regarded as being open if anycompo-nent is uncapped.

Installation of a completely new system

The o m p r s s ~ ris charged with refrigeration oil. o oil should be added to any other component.

NoteWhenever possible the system should becharged immediately after fitting to preventproblems of corrosion arising. Further details aregiven in the section dealing with charging of thesystem.

Saab 900


Replenishingthe refrigeration oil


42/120

If the system is overcharged with refrigerationoil, its cooling capacity will be diminished. Con-versely, an insufficient charge of refrigeration oi Iwill result in the compressor being damaged. nconject ion wi th work to repa ir leaks or when a

component is being replaced, the refrigerationoil must be replenished. The amount of addi-tional oil required by the individual componentswill depend on whether the leakage has beenrapid or slow.

Slow leaks longer than hours

If the leakhas been slow, refrigeration oil will notnormally have been lost. However, the followingprocedure should be followed if a component isbeing replaced at the same time.

Compressor

Drain the refrigeration oil from the old compres-sor and measure the volume. Completely drainthe new compressor as well. Thereafter, re-charge the new compressor with the samevolume of oil as that drained from the old one minimum charge volume: 1 dl).

Other componentsDrain of f the refrigeration oil from the old compo-nent and measure the volume. Charge the newcomponent with the same volume of oil beforefitting.

Sudden leakage e.g. dueto bursthose

n the event of sudden leakage, some lubricatingoil will often be lost with the refrigerant . Whencomponents are replaced, the new componentsmust then be fil led with the oil quantit ies tabu-lated below. Pour the oil directly into the hose orcomponent.

iI

Compressor,Delco, Sankyo

Clarion

Evaporator

DryerCondenserHoseV R assembly

Quantity drainedfrom removedcompressor +0.3 d

Onlyquantity drained fromthe removed compressor

0.5dl O.4dlforClarion)

0.2dl 0.1dlforClarion0.2dl0.2dl 0.1dlforClarion0.2dl

S a a b


43/120


Fault tracing and fault tracing

. ;


44/120

list for the Cycling ClutchCheck the following before following the faultdiagnosis table:

Th at t he drive b el t f or t he compressor is in

good condition and correctly tensioned. That ai r i s entering the inside of the car

through the vents.

That the flow of air through the condenser isno t obstructed.

That the electromagnetic clutch for the compressor cuts in and outwhen the system isswitched on - the ambient temperature mustbe at least 8 or goe 46-48F). If the compressor fa il s to cut in, the system may be

starved of refrigerant cut-in prevented by thepressure switch on the receiver).

That the fan cuts in when the system isswitch on.

How to use the fault diagnosis table

Ider. lti fy the possible cause of the relevantsymptom marked with X in the table) .and.readalong the line. Identify all possible causes andthen decide which is the most likely. Perform allthe simple checks first. Note that the possiblecauses:.aT.e,not.listed in any order of probability.

Symptom

OJ E OJ c lc J

aD 0 >c 5 0 J5 0

u cu u0 Cl ::; lu

O ro J0

Ui 0Z ::i Z

xx

xx

Possible cause

Electrical faultsBlow fuse

Poorconnectionor earthing Compressor not running)

Compressorclutch bumt out

Fan motornot running

Check/remedy

Check the fuses if necessary, refertowiring diagram)

Check all leads

Changethe clutch

Checkelectrical connectionsand fanmotor

x

x

xx

x

x

x x

x

x

xx

Fan motor running erratically Play or fracturedcomponentin motor)

Break or poorcontact inthe compressorclutchwinding clutchslipsin and out)

Fan motorwhining ortouchingcasing

MechanicalfaultsSlackdrive belt

Blockage in air duct

Clutchbeari ngworn or outof true

Compressorworn or insecurelyfitted

Saab900

Checkand change if necessary

Changethe clutch

Check

Adjustor changethe belt

Check andclean

Changethe bearing

Overhaul the compressorand tightenfixings


Symptom

E


45/120

t Et C

Q

I-c VltC Vl0 U CU U Q ;:J QU Vl

Z ::i Z

Possiblecause Check/remedy

System faults:X Anti-frost thermostat fails to make Check that thethermostatisfUllyinsertedin the

circuit to fitted, compressor evaporator. If correctlychange the thermostat

X Expansion valve stuck Change the expansionvalveopen

X Leak in system Rechargethe system and test forandrepair any leaks

X Blockage in hose or component Check the f low through each component

X System starved of refrigerant Rechargethe system

X Airfilter cloggedon inletside Change the filter

X X I ns uf fi ci en t re fr ig era nt i n t he s ystem Dra in th e system andrecharge whistlingnoise from expansion valve onevaporator- bubbles visible in thesight glas)

X Expansionvalvecapillarytubedamaged Change the expansion valve Tube empty of medium)

X Receiver clogged Change the receiver

X X Moisturein the system.Coolinggood Drainthe system, changethe receiveri ni ti al ly f or a f e w m in ut es ) a nd t he n a nd r ec ha rg e wi th re fri ge ra ntdeteriorating.Alternatively, deteriorationat high ambienttemperature

X A ir i n t he s ys te m B ub ble s vis ib le in Dr ai n t he s yst em , c ha ng e th e r eceive r an dsight glass) refrigerant

X Frostingon airside of evaporator Make sure tha t the capillary tube forthe anti frostthermostat- is corre ctly locate d betw,eenthe:fins on the evaporator. If so, changethe thermostat

X Play in anti-frost thermostat Check the thermostat andchange if necessary

X Coil o n e xp an si on v alv e c ap ill ar y tu be Che ck the contact andinsulationnotmakinggood contact withevaporatoroutlet pipe or poorly insulated fromairtemperature

X Interval between cut-in and cut-out Change the thermostattemperature ofanti frost thermostattoogreat

X System flooded: :Causes rumblingnoise or Drainthe systemand recharge.vibration in high-pressureline,gurglingnoisein compressor, excessivecompressor andsuctionpressure, hissing noisein expansionvalve and bubbles or vapourin sightglass.Ifthe compressorvalveshavebeen damagedby an excesscharge of refrigerant inthe sys-tem, the compressorpressurewill be toolow

X Excessivemoisture in the system Drain the system. Changethe receiver and rechargecan cause noise in the expansionvalve the systemwith refrigerant

Saab 90 0


Fault tracing block diagram for ycling lutchThesystem cools Inadequately or not at all

First


46/120

Check th e belt tension. Check thatthe condenser Isclean. Start the engine. Setthe airdistribution control at AC max Check that a ir i s evacua ted f rom the panel ven ts . Check that the compressor switch tums ori and of f when the a ir

distr ibutor control Is tUrnedfrom AC max, to 0 and back. Up to andIncluding 1980 models.

Check that th e compressor clutch engages and disengageswhen the switchIs depressed asfrom 1981 models .

I IPreparation: lfthere Is no refrigerant In the system- Set the idling speed at 1500 r.p.m. Ule compre f will notstart- Open the right hand door do no t place the car in direct sunlight

I

Check the sight glass for visible bubbles III Visible bubbles I I No visible bubbles II I

Insufficient refrigerant. The system is either full of refrigerant,- Check the system for leaks. over-full or emptY.- Seal the leaks. Check that the compressor pipe on the- Discharge the system, see page 854-38 high-pressure side is warm and the low-- Charge the system, see page 854-38 pressure pipe is cold.- S ta rt the unit and check that the If not discharge the system and re-

system is sealed. charge it.

I IThe system cools normally The system still cools insuf-

ficiently or not at aiL

Connect the high- and low-pressure gauges idling No Check whether the exteriorspeed 1500 r.p.m. . of the evaporator is covered

I I I with ice_Lo w pressure on low- Normal pressure on High pressure o n l ow -

Yes Ipressure side 14 low-pressure side 21- pressure side > 36 psi, Check that the anti-frost thermostatpsi, 1.0 kp/cm 2 28 psi, 1.5-2.0 kp/cm 2 2.5 kp/cm 2 capillary is correctly situated in the

I I Ievaporator.

Continue at A. Check the pressure Continue at B, Ipage 854-35 . on the high-pressure page 854-35 Capillary correctly positioned.

sideI

I I Replace anti-frost thermostat.Lo w pressure on the high-pressure Normal pressure on the high-sie 142 psi, 10 kp/cm 2 pressure side 149-220 psi,

I10.5-15.5 kp/cm 2

IDischarge the system and remove The air-conditioning system is

the expansion valve. Check wheth- correct. Check that the heatinger th e valve filter is blocked. Clean system water valve closes completeand check if the valve is clear by -Iy. If it does the system is no t comblowing through it. If not replace pletely full of refrigerant. Ad d 7the expansion valve. If the expan- ozs. 2 hg R 12 or discharge thesion valve is correct, replace the system and completely recharge.

receiver shell.

S a a b

I

Heating and ventilation system ai r conditioning system 854 35

A continuation from page 854-34


47/120

p g

Check whether the flow of refrigerant is restricted.1. Check whether the receiver shell is cold and frosty. If so, dis

charge the system and replace the receiver shell.2. If not, check whether the expansion valve is blocked as follows:

Discharge th e system. Remove the expansion valve and checkwhether the valve filter is blocked. Clean and check if thevalve is clear by blowing through it. If not replace the expansion valve .. If the expansion valve is correct replace th e re-ceiver shell.

I

B continuation from page 854-34

Is the compressor switch working in Noon/off cycles?

I IesReplace the anti-frost thermostat. The compressor is c on ti nu al ly c on ne ct ed T he c om pr es so r is continually

disconnected.Disconnect the voltage supply to the

Icompressor switch.

ICheck the electric circuit throughthe anti-frost thermostat and mag-

Compressor disconnected Compressor still connected netic clutch.

Check the pressure on the high- Ipressure side. Idling speed 1500 r.p.m. Faulty compressor switch.

Low pressure on the high-pressure side High pressure on the high-pressure side 4 psi, 10 kp/cm 2 ) I >242 psi , 17 kp/cm 2 )

I1. Check that the compressor s mag- 1. Check t h at t he radiator fans are

n ~ t clutch rotates freely. If so, working.measure th e voltage t o t he magnetic 2. Check that there is a g oo d contact toclutch must not fall below 11 V). If the sensitive body o f t he expansionvoltage is correct, replace magnetic valve.clutch. 3. Check that th e system is not over-full

2. If magnetic clutch is correct, replace with refrigerant as follows: Posit ioncompressor. a thermometer in th e middle panel

vent.Idling speed 1500 r.p.m. Slowly release the refrigerant from the systemand n o te t h e temperature at the airven t and the pressure o n t he high-pressure side.

IThe temperature a t t he air vent drops The temperature at th e air ventwhen th e pressure on th e h ig h-p ressure increases w he n th e pressure on theside drops. high-pressure side drops.

I ICheck th e system for leaks. Seal the Defective expansion valve.leaks, discharge the system and recharge. Replace.

Saab9

r

8 5 4 6 H e a t in g a n d v e n t ila t io n s y s te m a ir c o n d it io n in g s y s te m


48/120

a u lt d ia g n o s is V s ys temIn ad e q u a te c o o li n g

F ir s t:

- C he ck th e f an be lt t en si o n.- C h ec k t h a t t he co n de ns er s f re e fr o m im p ur i ti e s.- S ta r t t he en g in e.- S e t th e a ir d i s tr ib u t o r c o n tr o l at AC m a x .- C he ck th a t air s e x h au ste d f ro m th e p an e l v en ts .- C h ec k th at th e c om pr es s or sw it c h t ur n s o n an d of f wh en th e

a ir d is t ri b u ti o n c o n t ro l s t u rn ed fr o m A C m a x . to 0 a nd ba ck .

P r ep ara tio n:- ~ ln l eq t he lo w- p re ss u re ga ug e .- S e t t he idl ing sp ee d a t 2 50 0 r .p .m.- Op en th e r ig h t- h an d do o r do n ot pl a ce t h e c ar n d ir e ct su n-

li gh t)

C he ck the s igh t g las s fo r v is i ble b u bb le s .

V i s ib le b ub bl e s. o b ub b le s v isi bl e .

In su f fi c ie n t re f ri g er a nt . C h e c k t h e r a d ia to r f an pr es s ur e s w it ch o n th e h ig h-- C he ck t h e s ys te m fo r lea ks . p re ss u re si d e. It sh o ul d s tar t t h e rad ia t or fa n w it h in

Se a l t h e le a ks . 3 m i n u te s .- D isc h ar ge th e s y st em . S ee pa ge

8 5 4 3 8

- C ha rg e t h e sy s te m . Se e p ag e R a d i a to r fan sta rts . R a di a to r fa n f ail s t o s tar t .8 5 4 3 8

- S ta r t t h e u n it a nd ch ec k t h a t th esy s te m s sea l ed . D ef e ct ive s u c ti o n th ro ttli ng or ex - D e fe ct i v e c o m p r es so r o r ra di a to r

p an si o n v al v e: fa n p re ss u re sw it c h:In c re a se id lin g s pe e d to 30 00 r. p .m . F e el w h et h e r th e V IR re ce i ve ra n d re a d t he p r es su r e o n th e lo w- she ll s c ol d o r w ar m .p r

es su r e g au ge .S h el l s w a rm . Sh el l s co l d.

Pr es s ur e s gr ea t - P re ss u re s a pp - er o r le ss tha n r ox . 2 8. 5 p si R e p la ce th e Re p la ce th e2 8 .5 ps i (2 b a r) ( 2 b a r . r a d ia tor fa n co m p r es s or .

1 pr e ss u re sw it c hR e pl ac e th e Re pl a ce th e e x- on th e h igh -s u ct i on th ro t t- p a n si o n va lve . pr e ss u re si d e.ling val ve.

Sa ab 9

\


VIR system he system does not cool ll


49/120

First: Cheek th e bel t tension. S t ar t t h e engine Set the idling speed a t 2 50 0 r.p.m. Set th e air distribution c o nt r ol a t AC max.

Check that air s evacuated from the panel ventsCheck that the compressor switch t u rn s o n and off when theair distribution control s turned from AC max to 0 a nd b ac k

T I

ISwitch does not work. I I Switch works 1

I I

I Check voltage at connection B o f t he fuse I I Faulty compressor. Replace faulty part 1I

o voltage Voltage present

ICheck voltage supply Check voltage at con- H Voltage presentfor fault using wiring neetion L of the fusediagram page

Check compressor switchNo voltage wiring

Fuse blown Wiring correct.

Defective compressor switch

Insufficient or no refrigerant in the system:

Fill th e system. See page 854 38 Locate and seal leak

Replace fuseStart engine a nd c h ec k fuse

I IFuse blown

IFuse whole I

I

Stop engine I I Check that wire S on th e fuse I Earths s earthingI Check wire between th e compres

Does not earth s or a n d c nnection S for damage.

I I IExpansion and suction throttling Wire damaged Wire undamaged

valve stickingI I Clean and replace defective

valve Repair or replace Replace compressor

Replace fuse cable network switch

I IReplace fuse I

Saab 9

. ~ ~


50/120

Heating and ventilation system, ai r conditioning system t > o : : S ~

Iote

Since the oil gradually loses its moisture-absorbing properties, it should be changed after


51/120

I

. ~ _ :::::

b 0

Saab9

f the measuring cylinder is empty

about 2 hours of operation. Moisture-laden oildiminishes dry- running capacity of the AC system.

Always keep vacuum pump oil in a sealed container.

Check that all valves are closed. Invertthe refrigerant cylinder on the back of the filling stationand secure it. Do not le t it rest on the valve. Somtypes of cylinderwill require a special connector.Connectt he yell Owhose between valve Eand therefrigerant cylinder. Do not openthe valve on thecylinder.

harging the measuring cylinder

If the measuring cylinder is n ot co mpl et el yempty, refer to page 854-41.

Prior to storage

To reduce the risk of leakage, close the inputandoutl.et valves on the measuring cylinder and thevalve on the refrigerant cylinder.

Warning

Never expose the refrigerant cylinder andmeasuring cylinder to high temperatures+50C 122F) or above-direct sunlight orthe like.Danger of explosion

Start the vacuum pump with the bal last valveopen. Open valves A 8, Eand F.

Avacuum will now be raised inthe measuring cylinder and the hose as far asthe valve on the refrigerant cylinder.

After th e pump has been running fo r about aminute, close the ballast valve. Let th e vacuumpump continue to run for a further five minutes

854 4 eating and ventilation system, air conditioning system


52/120

o

arning

Saab9

Open flames must never be brought in thevicinity of the refrigerant cylinder. Theelectric heater on the measuring cylindermust be switched o ff throughout thecharging process.

Close valve G on the vacuum pump and valve If the measuring cylinder istightly sealed, charging o f t h e measuring cylinder may be started.

Close valve A to isolate the circuitfrom the vacuum pump . The reading on the vacuum gaugeshould not rise.

check that the measuring cylinder istightly sealed

pump continue to run for a further five minutes.

Check th e vacuum by slowly opening valve G

Note th e reading on the gauge. The readingshould be below 1 mbar.

Open th e valve on the ref rigerant cyl inder tocharge th e measuring cylinder. Do not fill abovethe mark - maximum charge 225 g The charging process can be speeded u p b y heatingthe refrigerant cylinder with warm air orthe like.


the measuring cylinder is not com-pletely empty

Check that all the valves are closed and that the I


53/120

refrigerant cylinder is connected to the measur-ing cylinder.

Open the valve on the refrigerant cylinder and

.inletvalve E on the measuring cylinder.The charging process can be speeded up byheating the refrigerant cylinder with warm air orthe like.

Warning

Open flames must never be brought in thevicinity of the refrigerant cylinder. Theelectric heater on the measuring cylindermust be switched off throughout thecharging process.

Do not fi ll above the mark maximum charge2250 g.

Close all valves after charging.

When changing the refrigerant cylinder:

Purge the ai r from the hose between the refriger-ant cylinder and the measuring cylinder.

Draining th e refrigerant

Before starti ng any work read through the safetyprecautions carefully. When components are tobe changed or if the refrigerant circuit must bebroken for any reason the refrigerant must bedrained by means of the gauge se t on the fillingstation. Check that the gauge valves are closedbefore connecting hoses.

Conne.ctors must only be screwed finger tightDisconnect the negative - lead from the bat -tery.

Connect the red hose to the high pressure sideof the compressor marked Dis.

Connect the blue hose to the low pressure sideof the compressor marked Suc.

onnections for dr ining the system

I

S a ab


Disconnect the yellow hose from th e vacuumpump and insert it in the end of an exhaust ex-traction hose. Open the valves on the compres-


54/120

sor.

Open valves C and D

Slowly open Valve A and carefully release thegas. Check that no l iquid is v is ib le in the s ightglass on the gauge set.

oteIf the refr igeran t is allowed to discharge tooquickly, refrigerant oil may be lost.

When the reading on the gauges shows 0 barand the system is empty: close all valves. Recon-nect the hoseto the vacuum pump.

harging the refrigerant

Before start ing work, read through the safetyprecautions carefully. Check that a sufficientquantity of refrigerant is in the measuring cylin-der at least 1350 1400 g). The scale can bero-tated, use the one marked R12.

The pressure in the measuring cylinder is readfrom the gauge on top of the measuring cylinder. The pressure in the measuring cylinder will varywith the temperature of the refrigerant.) Rotatet he R12 scale on the measuring glass to thesame value indicated on the gauge.

Example: The reading on the gauge is 4 .9 . Ro-tate the measuring glass so that the 4 9 markcomes immediately above the column of refri-gerant.

S aa b

Heating and ventilatiQn system air conditioning system 854 4

onnections for ch rging

The connectors must only be screwed on fingertight. Disconnect the negative -) lead from thebattery


55/120

onnections for ch rging the system

battery.

Connect the red hose to the high pressure sideof the compressor marked Dis.

Connect the blue hose to the low pressure sideof the compressor marked Sue.

Open the valves on the compressor.

Start the vacuum pump and open t he b al la stvalve.

Check that the valves of the filling station areclosed.Open valves C, D and A, B.

Close the ballast valve after the pump has beenrunning for about one minute.

Let the pump continue running for a further tenminutes.

:: )=--- ..... en

S a ab


II

Check th e vacuum by opening valve G

Note th e re adi ng on t he vacuum g au ge . Thereading should be below mbar.


56/120

I

.

I

o check th t the system is t ight ly se -

led

Close valve A isolating the circuit from th e vac-uum pump . The pressure should no t rise bymore than mbar over a period of five minutes.

Remedy any leaks. Run th e pump to raise thevacuum again.

o test for le ks n the system

Close valve G the gauge must no t be subjectedto excessive pressure .

Check that valve A is closed.

Stop th e vacuum pump.

Read the refrigerant level on the sight glass andadjust th e sight glass.

Open valveF

and carefully charge th e systemwith 2 grammes of refrigerant.

Shut valve b 0@

l J U J L D

F E

Saab9

Heating and ventilation system, air conditioning system 85 5

Connect the cable to the negative pole of thebattery and startthe engine.

Use a leak detector to check all connections.

I


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he detection of a leak wi ll be indicated by asteady bleeping changing to a rapid, higher-frequency bleeping.

Remedy any leaks.

in l ch rging of the system

Before finally charging the system, all refrigerant in the system must be drained and a vacuummust be raised in the system by the vacuumpump.

Proceed as follows:

Disconnectthe hose from the vacuum pump andinsertthe end in an exhaust extraction hose.

I

pen valve A carefully to release a slow flow ofrefrigerant to prevent refrigeration oil being discharged with the refrigerant).

When the reading on the gauge has fallen to 0bar, close the valve.

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58/120


Open valve Fand admit refrigerant carefully intothe system

Fill the system with the quantity of refrigerant inaccordance with the specification

Cl l S C d D


59/120

b 0

Close valves F S Cand D

Switch of f the heating of the measuring cylinder

Shut of f the valves at the compressor in the car

Check that all valves on the filling stat ion areclosed Disconnect the hoses from the compres-sor and fi t protective caps

Carry out a performancetest as described on thenext page

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- . l l ~ Fr ~ . : $ ' 2 1 ~ ~ ' 8 ~ ~ t i n gand ventilation system, air conditioning system : ~ . . .

Performance test the airconditioning systemApplies to all model years and all systems, in


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pp y y ,cluding Clarion

Test conditions

BonnetDoors and windowsEngine speed

closedclosed 5 r/min

ontrol settings

Temperature c ontrol coldDistribution damper max C switch on

ctual operating conditions

Ambient temperatureMeasllrementtimeSupply,airtemp.

. measured about 2 mminside one of.the.outerfacia outlets

approx. 5 - 30C5min

If the specified temperature is notachieved

Check that no engine coolant leaks when the

temperature control valve is closed. If the temperature in the outer facia outlets is appreciablyhigher than in the centre outlet, this indicatesthat engine coolant is leaking through the temperature control valve when the valve is closed. The air discharged through the centre outletdoes not flowthrough the heat exchanger.)

I f the temperature control valve is not faulty, seeunder the heading Fault tracing .

Saab9


Pressures in the system as from the 9 8 4 models

The fQllowing pressures should be regarded asguidelines and indicate whether or not the system operates atnormal values. Note that the test I


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tem operates atnormal values. Note theconditions are not the same asduringthe performance test.

Test conditions

BonnetFrontdoorsEngine speed

half-openopen1500 r/min

Closed

~ xClosedFullyopen heck thatthe damperisfullyclosed

Control settings

The system must be f il led wi th the correc tquantity of refrigerant.

Temperature control

Distribution controlACswitchFacia outletsRecirculation damper

Recorded operating conditions Saab9 as from the 9 8 4 models

Ambientairtemp. measured

at thefront ofthe bumper,

Pressure measured on thesuction side of the

compressor marked SUC ),bar

Pressure measured on thedischarge side ofthe

compressor marked DIS ),bar

ompo on ompo of f ompo on ompo off

2025

2 6

2 6

1 3

1 3

9

9 516 517 0

3

35

ompo runscontinuously

Comp.runscontinuously

Working press.1 4

Working press.1 6



Working press.17 8

Working press.19 5

4 ompo runs Working press.

continuously 1 8

Tolerance: 0 2 bar

ompo runs Working press.continuously 20 7

Tolerance:

1 bar

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62/120


63/120

8 5 4 5 H e a ti ng an d v e nt il at io n s y st em a ir c o n di ti on ing s ys tem

C le a n th e filte r, re c e ive r s h e ll a n d re fit a ne wd e s ic c a n t b a g . r y o ff w ith R 1 2 to a vo id m o istu re .


64/120

F it n e w O -rin g s . dd 2 d l of re frig e ra tio n o il

(c a n be p o u re d d ire c tly in to th e h o s e b e tw e e nth e c o m p re s s o r a nd th e VIR a s s e m b ly b e fo ret h is is co n n e c te d ). Lu b ric a te a ll p ip e c o u p lin g s w ith re fr ig e ra tio n o il.

For ti g h te n in g to rq u e s , s e e th e T e c h n ic a ls p e c ific a tio n .

h a n g in g th e s u c tio n th ro t t lin g va lvea n d e x p a n s io n v a lv e V s y s te m

1 D ra in th e s ys te m o f re fr ig e ra n t.

2 D is co n n e c t th e h o s e c o n n e ct io n s fro m th eVIR u n it s co ve r.

3 R e m ove th e c o ve r re ta in in g b o lts . N o te . Usean 8 m m s o c ke t to a vo id d a m a g in g th eh e a d s o f th e b o lts . ~ mo ve th e c o ve r.

S a ab

H e a tin g a n d v e n t ila t io n s ys te m , a i r c o n d it io n in g s ys te m 8 5 4 5 3

4 R e m ove th e tw o b o lts h o ld in g th e s u c tio nth ro t tl in g va lve an d th e e xp a n s io n va lve inp o s itio n .


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5 Lif t th e va lve s . A p a ir o f p lie rs c a n be us e d toa id re m o va l.

6 Whe n re fitt in g , f it n e w O -rin g s th ro u g h o u t a nd lu b ric a te th e c o u p lin g s w ith re frig e ratio n o il.

, or p a rtic u la rs o ft ig h te n in g to rq u e s , se et he T e c h n ic a l s p e c ific a tio n s .

h n g e t h e o n d e n s e r

1 D isc ha rg e th e re frig e ra n t fro m th e s ys te m(s e e th e s e c tio n on d is c h a rg in g a n d c h a rgin g ). D is c o n n e ct th e re frig e ra n t h o s e s fro mth e c o m p re s s o r a nd th e d rye r re c e ive r VIRa s s e m b ly).

2 R e le a s e th e b o tto m row o f s p o ile r s c re w s .3 Remove th e c o n d e n s e r re ta in in g b o lts - tw o

at th e to p a n d tw o a t th e b o tt o m . T ilt a wa yth e s p o ile r a nd p u ll th e c o n d e n s e r d o wn s oth a t th e re fr ig e ra n t h o s e s ca n b e d is c o nn e ct e d .

R e fit in th e re ve rs e o rd e r. or p a rt ic u la rs o ftig h te n in g to rq u e s , s e e th e Te c h n ic a ls p e c ific a tio n s . Top up w ith re frig e ra tio n o il.Lu b ric a te a ll p ip e c o u p lin g s w ith re fr ig e ratio n o il. C h a rg e th e s ys te m w ith re frig e ra n t.

S aa b9

854 54 .Heating and ventilation syste.m, air conditioning system

Checking the pressure switch operation ycling clutch system Delco, Sankyo)

The pressure switch serves primarilyas a controldevice for the radiator fan which is vital for the


66/120

cooling of the system. When not under pressurethe switch is open and connected in parallel with

the ordinary cooling system thermocontact.The pressure switch range is 1 5 7 ~ 2 2 8 I b i n 2 1116 kglcm?: WheMth.e, pr essure lev e 1 on the.highpressuresideYalls within this range the standardradiator fan.:cuts in.

After the pressure has dropped byapprox. 711b/in2 5 kglcm 2) the rad ia tor fan wil l cut out, provided that the engine coolanttemperature is notso high that the fan has been energized by thethermocontact.The pressureswitch operation can be c hecked by

running the engine at idling -speed and the system atmaximum effectwhichshould result intheauxiliary fan cutting out.

To h ~ the. .perfo rmance of t h ~ pres-sure switch Clarion

A pressure-sensing sw.itch-is mounted on the

dryer receiver. The function of the switch is toprotectthe compressoragainst overheating. Theswitch is wired in series with the power supplytothe compressor clutch. If the gas pressure i sbelow2 1 kgf/cm 2, which may occur if the systemcontains insufficient refrigerant or ifthe ambienttemperature is below +O.5C, the switch willopen the circuit to the magnetic clutch.

S a ab

Heating n ventilation system air conditioning system 854 55

Replacing the expansion valve yclingclutch system as from the 198 models

1 Discharge the refrigerant from the system.Release the high-pressure pipe connectionat the expansion valve.

2 F ld h bl k i l i i l

I


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2 Fold away the black insulating material. sfrom the 9 8 model remove the protectivecover.

3 Remove the compensat ing hose f rom theoutlet hose.

4 Remove the two self-tapping screws holdingthe expansion valve capillary tube mountingand bend it out of the way

5 Remove the inlet hose from the expansionvalve.

Refit in the reverse order. Lubricate the couplings with refrigeration oil.For particulars of th e tighteningtorques see the Technical specification .Always use a restraining tool when releasing andtighteningthe couplings. Charge the system withrefrigerant.

xp nsion v lve as f ro m t h 9 mo ls

Saab

. ~ s ~ ~ ~ M ~ \ w ~ a t i n gand ventilation system, air conditioning system

C Q i 1 l : g ~ ; ~ t i n gpipe between the exp n-s on v lve nd ev por tor

. . : : ; ~A P p l i ~ ~t o t he Borletti evaporator

from the 1985 model, the compensating pipe


68/120

from the 1985 model, the compensating pipehas been provided with the type of insulatingmaterial used o cars without protective cover.In addit ion, a p iece of insulating material hasbeen f i tted to the temperature sensor coil abovethe evaporatoroutfet pipe. This hasbeen done toprevent the pipes from coming into contact withone another, thus giving rise to noise.

o identify the evaporator, se page 854 60

change the. l rion exp nsion v lve

1 Discharge m refrigerant from the system.Release the hose connection at the expan-sion valVe.

2 Remove the two u ~ bolts and remove thetop half of the cover.

3 Disconnectthecapillarytube fromthe outletpipe.

Saab900

Heating ana ventilation system air conditioning system ~ o 5 7

4 Disconnec t the expansion valve from theev porator.


69/120

5 old back the insulation lt and free thecapillary tube from the clip.

Refit in the reverse order. Lubricate the coupl-ings with refrigeration oil. or particulars o tightening torques see the

Technical specifications .Always use a restraining tool when releasing andtightening the couplings. Charge the system withrefrigerant.

Replacing the anti frost thermostat y ling clutch system 9 8 models

1 Disconnectthe wires from the thermostat.

2 Remove the thermostat mounting.

3 Extract the rubber grommet o r t h capillarytube from the air intake box.

4 Remove the capillary tube from theevaporator fins.

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I .

Re-ating n ventilation system air conditioning system

T ~ r ~ f i t reverse the removal procedure. NotetheP S l t i ~of the capillary tube in the evaporator.


70/120

y

u of c pill ry tu e o the 9 8 models

n the event of frosting problems on theevaporator try to solve the problem by locatingthe capillary tube as described below.

Carefully withdraw the capillary tube and fi t it asshown in the drawing.

Wrap a piece of tape 3 fromthe end ofthecapillary tube so that the correct length will beinserted into the evaporator.

Check thatthe capillary tube is clear of the recirculation damper.

If the new location does not solve the frostingproblem fi t a new anti-frosting thermostat.

Saab 9

Heating and ventilation system air conditioning system854 59

change the anti frosting ther mostatas from the 98 models

Remove the large rubber grommet in .theright-hand side of the bulkhead.

2 Withdrawthe capillary tube from the coolingfins of the evaporator.

I


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fins the evaporator.

Remove the thermostat retaining nut insideth e air intake box.

4 Remove the thermostat through the hole inthe right-hand side of the bulkhead and disconnect the cables.

Refit in the reverse order.

Note the location of the ca pi ll ary tu be in t heevaporator.

Location of the capillary tube 9 8 83models

n th e event of frosting problems on theevaporator try to solve the problem by locatingthe capillary tube as described below.

CarefuIly withdraw the capi lIary tube and fi t it asshown in the drawing.

Wrap a piece oftape 13 mm from the end ofthecapillary tube so that the correct length will beinserted into the evaporator.

Checkthatthe capillalytube is clear ofthe recirculation damper.

If the new location does not solve the frostingproblem fi t a new anti-frosting thermostat.

Note: This location cannot be used on certain1 9 8 1 model cars in which the end wall of theevaporator is covered with integral foam. The location recommended earlier should be used onthese cars see the Service Manual . n the eventof frosting problems fi t a new anti-frosting thermostat.

ocation the capillarytube 1 9 8 1 8 3 models

Saab 9

: ; . -

\ > : : . - : . / . : :.r

g ~ ~ 4 6 , O lbleating and ventilation system, air conditioning system~ ( ~ - r . , . . ~ ~ . ; r; : 1 _

apillary tube location as from the 9 8modelsT o ~ ~ e d u c ethe risk of frosting in the evaporator,t h ~ location of the capillary tube h as been a l-t ~ r e don th e 1985 models. In addition, duringh l t f 1984 t f


72/120

the la tte r part of 1984 an evaporatorfrom a newmanufac tu re r (Sanden) has been ins ta ll ed inparallel with the Borletti evaporator.

.

Note: Only th e Borletti evaporator is available asa spare part.

To identify the evaporator as ro the 9 8 models

Evaporator as from the 9 84 m

8.3 - Heating and Ventilation System, AC System [OCR]

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