8.2 and 8.3

Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy Each type of energy has its own wavelength

and frequency

Gamma radiation is the shortest wavelength, highest frequency and most energy of the EM spectrum.

Radio waves have the longest wavelength, lowest frequency and least energy of the EM spectrum.

Violet color is the shortest wavelength, highest frequency and the most energy of the visible light spectrum.

Red color is the longest wavelength, lowest frequency and least energy of the visible light spectrum.

A) Radio wavesB) Gamma radiationC) Red lightD) Violet light

A) Radio wavesB) Gamma radiationC) Red lightD) Violet light

A substances color is due to chemical compounds called pigments.

Pigments reflect, absorb or transmit light Pigments in the leaf

absorb blue-violet and red-orange light the best. Green light is mostly reflected and transmitted.

A) Absorb lightB) Reflect lightC) Transmit lightD) Give color to substancesE) None of the aboveF) Hi, I hope you had a nice weekend

The action spectrum of photosynthesis shows the wavelengths of light most absorbed by the leaves pigments.

High absorbance/ High rate of PS

Low absorbance/ Low rate of PS

A) VioletB) GreenC) RedD) YellowE) OrangeF) All of the above

A) RedB) OrangeC) YellowD) BlueE) GreenF) Violet

Green light is mostly reflected and transmitted, not absorbed for photosythesis

Paper chromatography is a separation technique that allows us to see the pigments in a leaf. Chlorophyll is the main pigment.

Xanthophyll

Chlorophyll B

Chlorophyll A

Carotene

Used to separate incoming light into component colors

A) Determine the wavelengths of light used in photosynthesis

B) Determine the pigments in a leafC) Determine the wavelengths of light

reflected by a leafD) Separate incoming light into

component colorsE) This is not the right answerF) Either is this choice

Photosynthetic pigments are found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

A) Interior (inside) of the thylakoid, that is the thylakoid space

B) Thylakoid membraneC) StromaD) Intermembrane spaceE) Inner membraneF) Outer membraneG) This is insane in the membrane!

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Within the thylakoid membrane chlorophyll (and helper pigments) are grouped into photosystems.

At the heart of the photosystem is the reaction center containing electrons that are waiting to be “excited”.

A) A reaction centerB) ChlorophyllC) StromaD) Helper pigmentsE) Little tiny cameras to take pictures

of photosynthesis as it occursF) The calvin cycle

When sunlight is absorbed, the electrons get “excited.”

An “excited” electron is an electron that has absorbed energy and is now at a higher energy level orbital.

The photosystem “traps” the excited electron.

The electron is transferred to an Electron Transport Chain

The ETC uses the excited electron to make ATP and NADPH.

After the ETC is completed, water is torn apart.

Electrons from water replace the electrons that were excited in the reaction center of the photosystem.

The ATP and NADPH will be used in the calvin cycle to make sugar.

A) ATPB) NADPHC) WaterD) lightE) CO2

F) sugar

Carbon fixation – converting carbon into a form we can use

Fixation means converting a chemical into a substance we can use

We can not use carbon in CO2, but we can use carbon in sugar

The calvin cycle makes G3P which is only half a sugar.

The calvin cycle must happen six times to make one sugar.

A) Glucose in three cyclesB) RuBp in one cycleC) G3P in one cycleD) All of the aboveE) None of the aboveF) Some of the above