8.11D - Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified.

8.11D - Recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified theses systems.

Human Dependenceand Modification

2 Major Systems:

•Ocean currents

•Ocean food webs

Human Modifications

Run Off and Pollution-Phosphorus/Nitrogen• Too much fertilizer used in

farming• Too much algae growth

-Harmful Algal Blooms“Red Tides”

Over-fishing -Harvesting a fish population to a point of diminishing returns

•Disrupts the food web•May cause organisms to

migrate to other areas

Human Modifications

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6nwZUkBeas

Shark Fins

Human Modifications

Artificial Reefs• human-made underwater structure, typically

built for the purpose of promoting• marine life• Texas Clipper

Human Dependence

We depend on the ocean for:

1. Oxygen!• Phytoplankton

contribute 70-80% of the oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere.

Human Dependence

We depend on the ocean for:2. Weather

• The oceans absorb a lot of energy from the sun.

• Warmer water = more evaporation = more rain

• Cooler water = less evaporation = less rain

Human Dependence

We depend on the ocean for:3. Food

•Seafood provides a lot of world’s protein.4. Transportation

•most of the worlds goods are transported by ship

5. Recreation•Many countries main source of income is

through ocean tourism

October 2, 2013

• What is the result in the relationship between mussels as the zebra mussel invades Texas lakes?

Mangrove SwampsBiodiversity

• Biodiversity• Produce seafood, fruits,

medicines, fiber, and wood. • Stabilize shores by trapping

sediments and building land.• Improve water quality by

filtering runoff and polluted waters.

• Protect the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing the amount of greenhouse gas.

Estuaries – where freshwater streams and rivers flow into ocean

• Biodiversity• Recreational Fishing• Shellfish Breeding

Grounds• Protection from Flood

Waters• Filter Runoff• Environmental,

Commercial, and Recreational Benefits

Human Impacts on Ocean Systems• Coastal Development• Aquaculture (fisheries)• Commercial & Recreational Fishing• Burning of Fossil Fuels• Deforestation• Introduction of Invasive Species• Agricultural Waste and Pollution• Oil Spills• Trash Pollution• Urban Runoff via Storm Drains• Raw Sewage Pollution• Industrial Pollution

Consequences• Extreme Storms• Dead Zones• Ocean Acidification• Human Displacement• Collapsed Fisheries• Habitat Destruction• Change in Precipitation & Weather Patterns• Disrupted Gas Storage and Exchange• Human Health Issues• Extinction and Loss of Biodiversity• Siltation• Garbage Patches