8 th Grade Social Studies U.S. Current Issues Ch. 34-Terrorism Osama bin Laden & Al Qaeda.

88thth Grade Social Studies Grade Social StudiesU.S. Current IssuesU.S. Current Issues

Ch. 34-TerrorismCh. 34-TerrorismOsama bin Laden & Al QaedaOsama bin Laden & Al Qaeda

Al Qaeda & Osama bin LadenAl Qaeda & Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden was born in the year of Osama bin Laden was born in the year of 1957 in the country of Saudi Arabia1957 in the country of Saudi Arabia

His father was of Yemen decent and was His father was of Yemen decent and was a very successful businessmen who a very successful businessmen who owned a construction companyowned a construction company

bin Ladens educationbin Ladens education

Bin Laden was raised as a devout Sunni Bin Laden was raised as a devout Sunni MuslimMuslimHe attended and graduated from King He attended and graduated from King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaArabiaAccording to most reports, he received a According to most reports, he received a degree in business and economics, while degree in business and economics, while other reports have him obtaining a degree other reports have him obtaining a degree in civil engineeringin civil engineering

Soviet Invasion of AfghanistanSoviet Invasion of Afghanistan

In the year of 1979, the Soviet Union In the year of 1979, the Soviet Union invaded the country of Afghanistaninvaded the country of Afghanistan

The Soviets wished to expand their The Soviets wished to expand their influence in Asiainfluence in Asia

The Soviets were enemies with the U.S. at The Soviets were enemies with the U.S. at this timethis time

““The Cold War”The Cold War”

Soviet Invasion of AfghanistanSoviet Invasion of Afghanistan

People of Afghanistan and other Muslims People of Afghanistan and other Muslims did not like the fact that atheists of the did not like the fact that atheists of the Soviet Union were trying to take over their Soviet Union were trying to take over their countrycountry

Muslims from other “Muslim countries” Muslims from other “Muslim countries” thought it was their duty to go to thought it was their duty to go to Afghanistan and help defend this “Muslim Afghanistan and help defend this “Muslim nation”nation”

Soviet Invasion (cont.)Soviet Invasion (cont.)

Osama bin Laden was one of those Osama bin Laden was one of those Muslims who felt it was his duty to go and Muslims who felt it was his duty to go and defend this “Muslim nation”defend this “Muslim nation”

Bin Laden also donated money, Bin Laden also donated money, construction equipment and many other construction equipment and many other things including medical care to those in things including medical care to those in AfghanistanAfghanistan

U.S. Aid to AfghanistanU.S. Aid to Afghanistan

During the Soviet/Afghan war, it is During the Soviet/Afghan war, it is believed that the United States donated believed that the United States donated about three billion dollars to the about three billion dollars to the Afghanistan war effort against the Soviet Afghanistan war effort against the Soviet Union.Union.

The United States also donated weapons The United States also donated weapons to the mujahedin fighters during this time to the mujahedin fighters during this time as wellas well

U.S. Aid to AfghanistanU.S. Aid to Afghanistan

122 mm rocket 122 mm rocket launchers and SAM 7 launchers and SAM 7 (surface to air (surface to air missiles) were given missiles) were given to the mujahedin to the mujahedin fighters in fighters in AfghanistanAfghanistan

Soviet Withdrawal from AfghanistanSoviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan

Members of the Soviet Union’s “Red Members of the Soviet Union’s “Red Army” pulled out of Afghanistan on Army” pulled out of Afghanistan on February 15February 15thth of 1989 of 1989

This is commonly referred to as “The This is commonly referred to as “The Vietnam War” for the Soviet UnionVietnam War” for the Soviet Union

Almost 15,000 Soviets were killed andAlmost 15,000 Soviets were killed and close to about fifty thousand were close to about fifty thousand were woundedwounded

U.SU.S. . BoycottBoycott of Olympicsof Olympics

Due to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, Due to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, U.S. President Jimmy Carter ordered that U.S. President Jimmy Carter ordered that U.S. athletes would not be participating in U.S. athletes would not be participating in the Olympics that would be held in the Olympics that would be held in Moscow, Soviet UnionMoscow, Soviet Union

Origin of Al QaedaOrigin of Al Qaeda

Many of those who participated in the war Many of those who participated in the war against the Soviet Union would eventually against the Soviet Union would eventually become members of Al Qaeda.become members of Al Qaeda.

These soldiers were commonly referred to These soldiers were commonly referred to as mujahedin or “holy warriors”.as mujahedin or “holy warriors”.

Al Qaeda was formed in or around the year Al Qaeda was formed in or around the year of 1988-1989of 1988-1989

Al QaedaAl Qaeda

Al Qaeda stands for “the Base”.Al Qaeda stands for “the Base”.

It is a database of some of those who It is a database of some of those who participated in the war against the Soviet participated in the war against the Soviet Union.Union.

Al Qaeda in Eastern Al Qaeda in Eastern HemisphereHemisphere

Al Qaeda Goals & ObjectivesAl Qaeda Goals & Objectives

End foreign (American) influence in End foreign (American) influence in Muslim countriesMuslim countries

Establish an Islamic stateEstablish an Islamic state

Iraq Invasion of KuwaitIraq Invasion of Kuwait

On August 2On August 2ndnd of of 1990, Iraq invaded 1990, Iraq invaded the country of Kuwaitthe country of KuwaitThe leader of Iraq The leader of Iraq was Saddam Husseinwas Saddam HusseinIf Iraq kept control of If Iraq kept control of Kuwait, Saddam Kuwait, Saddam Hussein would have Hussein would have controlled about 24% controlled about 24% of the oil reserves in of the oil reserves in the worldthe world

Bin Laden and the Saudi’sBin Laden and the Saudi’s

After Iraq had invaded Kuwait, the Saudi After Iraq had invaded Kuwait, the Saudi government felt that they would possibly government felt that they would possibly be the next country to be invaded by Iraq, be the next country to be invaded by Iraq, due to their large supply of oil.due to their large supply of oil.

Saudi government approached the U.S. Saudi government approached the U.S. about repelling Saddam Hussein and the about repelling Saddam Hussein and the Iraq forces from Kuwait. The U.S. would Iraq forces from Kuwait. The U.S. would then have a military presence in Saudi then have a military presence in Saudi Arabia after that.Arabia after that.

Bin Laden and the Saudi’sBin Laden and the Saudi’s

Bin Laden lobbied to the Saudi government Bin Laden lobbied to the Saudi government that the mujahedin forces that had that the mujahedin forces that had defeated that Soviets would come to Saudi defeated that Soviets would come to Saudi Arabia and protect the Holy Land.Arabia and protect the Holy Land.

Saudi officials decided that the U.S. would Saudi officials decided that the U.S. would be the ones to expel Iraq from Kuwait and be the ones to expel Iraq from Kuwait and protect the Holy Land from Iraq.protect the Holy Land from Iraq.

President George H.W. BushPresident George H.W. Bush

President George President George H.W. Bush sent for H.W. Bush sent for about 500,000 U.S. about 500,000 U.S. troops to be deployed troops to be deployed to Saudi Arabia to to Saudi Arabia to oust Saddam Hussein oust Saddam Hussein from Kuwaitfrom Kuwait

The first major conflict The first major conflict involving the United involving the United States since VietnamStates since Vietnam..

Bin Laden/Saudi relationsBin Laden/Saudi relations

Bin Laden was very critical of this decision Bin Laden was very critical of this decision by the Saudi government and referred to by the Saudi government and referred to the Saudi government as “phony Muslims”the Saudi government as “phony Muslims”

It was at this time that bin Laden also It was at this time that bin Laden also claimed that the Saudi’s and others like claimed that the Saudi’s and others like the Egyptians were “US puppets”the Egyptians were “US puppets”

He claimed that it is the duty of all Muslims He claimed that it is the duty of all Muslims to drive the US out of the Gulf Statesto drive the US out of the Gulf States

Bin Laden on the U.S.Bin Laden on the U.S.

Bin Laden claimed that the United States would Bin Laden claimed that the United States would only come to the Saudi Arabia because of its only come to the Saudi Arabia because of its economic interest in oil and also because we economic interest in oil and also because we would like to maintain a military presence in the would like to maintain a military presence in the Middle East to protect one of our allies, IsraelMiddle East to protect one of our allies, Israel

Operation Desert StormOperation Desert Storm

The United States troops drove Saddam The United States troops drove Saddam Hussein and his forces out of the country Hussein and his forces out of the country of Kuwait very quickly.of Kuwait very quickly.

U.S. forces began returning home by U.S. forces began returning home by March 8, 1991, less than two months after March 8, 1991, less than two months after the war began.the war began.

However, we did maintain a military However, we did maintain a military presence in Saudi Arabiapresence in Saudi Arabia

The Middle EastThe Middle East

1993 Bombing of the WTC1993 Bombing of the WTC

On February 26On February 26thth, 1993 a car bomb , 1993 a car bomb exploded in the parking garage of the exploded in the parking garage of the WTCWTC

The mastermind of the attack was a man The mastermind of the attack was a man named Ramsi Yousef, who was later named Ramsi Yousef, who was later linked to Osama bin Ladenlinked to Osama bin Laden

Six people were killed and hundreds were Six people were killed and hundreds were woundedwounded

1993 Bombing of WTC1993 Bombing of WTC

According to many sources, Yousef’s goal According to many sources, Yousef’s goal was to have the World Trade Center that was to have the World Trade Center that was bombed fall into the other WTC, killing was bombed fall into the other WTC, killing over 250,000 peopleover 250,000 people

Many sources also claim that Yousef Many sources also claim that Yousef wanted to use chemicals weapons but was wanted to use chemicals weapons but was unable to due to financesunable to due to finances

Ramsi YousefRamsi Yousef

Battle of MogadishuBattle of Mogadishu

Took place on October 3Took place on October 3rdrd, and 4, and 4thth of 1993 of 1993

Two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down Two Black Hawk helicopters were shot down during this battleduring this battle

Eighteen U.S. Soldiers were killed during this Eighteen U.S. Soldiers were killed during this battle and close to one hundred were woundedbattle and close to one hundred were wounded

Bin Laden would later admit that Al Qaeda Bin Laden would later admit that Al Qaeda members played a part in this battle and also members played a part in this battle and also compared the U.S. military to a “paper lion”.compared the U.S. military to a “paper lion”.

Black Hawk HelicoptersBlack Hawk Helicopters

Somalian Guerilla ForcesSomalian Guerilla Forces

Eastern Embassy BombingsEastern Embassy Bombings

On August 7On August 7thth, 1998 two car bombs went , 1998 two car bombs went off at U.S. Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya off at U.S. Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

The blast in Nairobi killed 212 people while The blast in Nairobi killed 212 people while the blast in Tanzania killed 11.the blast in Tanzania killed 11.

Al Qaeda was linked to both bombingsAl Qaeda was linked to both bombings

East African Bombings 1998East African Bombings 1998

Bombing of U.S.S ColeBombing of U.S.S Cole

The U.S.S. Cole bombing was a suicide The U.S.S. Cole bombing was a suicide bombing that took place on October 12, 2000.bombing that took place on October 12, 2000.

The U.S.S. Cole was refueling in the Port of The U.S.S. Cole was refueling in the Port of Aden at the time (off the coast of Yemen)Aden at the time (off the coast of Yemen)

The suicide bombers were later linked to Osama The suicide bombers were later linked to Osama bin Ladenbin Laden

The blast hit the ship’s galley where the troops The blast hit the ship’s galley where the troops were having lunch at the time were having lunch at the time

USS ColeUSS Cole

Tora Bora MountainsTora Bora Mountains

Tora Bora MountainsTora Bora Mountains