8. City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems

City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems

Ryan Chin, Ph.D.

Managing Director

City Science Initiative

MIT Media Lab

[email protected]

MIT Media Lab School of Architecture and Planning

27 Anti-disciplinary Research Groups Affective Computing Biomechatronics Camera Culture Changing Places Civic Media Cognitive Machines Digital Intuition Fluid Interfaces High-Low Tech Human Dynamics Information Ecology Lifelong Kindergarten Macro Connections Mediated Matter

Molecular machines New Media Medicine Object-Based Media Opera of the Future Personal Robots Playful Systems Responsive Environments Social Computing Software Agents Speech + Mobility Synthetic Neurobiology Tangible Media Viral Spaces

80 Corporate Sponsors ($45M per year) Aegis Media

APX Labs

Bank of America

Benesse Corporation

Berwind

BT

Cisco Systems, Inc.

Comcast

Culture Convenience Club Co., Ltd.

Deloitte LP

DENSO

Dentsu Inc. / ISID

Digital Garage

DirecTV

eBay, Inc.

EMC Corporation

Fidelity Center for Applied Technology

Fleury

Fujitsu Limited

FutureWei Technologies, Inc./Huawei

GlaxoSmithKline

Google

Hallmark Cards, Inc.

Hasbro, Inc.

Hearst Corporation

Hisense Co. Ltd.

Hyundai Motor Company

ICICI Bank

IDEO

Infocast Limited

Intel

Intuit Inc.

Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. *

The LEGO Group

Lockheed Martin

LG Electronics, Inc.

Microsoft Corporation

Mitsui & Co., Ltd.

Natura

NEC Corporation

New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc.

News Corporation

Nokia Corporation

Northrop Grumman

Olympus Corporation

Panasonic Corporation

Pearson Inc.

QUALCOMM Incorporated

RR Donnelley

Saudi Aramco

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Sensormatic Electronics Corp.

Schneider Electric SA

Shell

SingTel

Starcom Mediavest Group

State Farm

State of Minas Gerais

Steelcase Inc.

TCL Multimedia

TED

Telecom Italia *

The Asahi Shimbun Company

Time Inc.

TOPPAN Printing Co., Ltd.

Toyota Motor Corporation

Toshiba Corporation

Toys"R"Us, Inc.

Trends Media Co., Ltd.

Verizon

Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.

Yamaha Corporation*

Kismet – Personal Robots (Prof. Cynthia Breazeal) MIT Media Lab

E-Ink Spin-off by Professsor Joe Jacobson MIT Media Lab, Molecular Machines Group

Power Ankle by Professor Hugh Herr MIT Media Lab, Biomechantronics Group

Guitar Hero (spun out of Opera of the Future Group) MIT Media Lab, Professor Tod Machover

One Laptop Per Child (Nicholas Negroponte) MIT Media Lab non-profit spin-off

Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group

Mediated Matter (Prof. Neri Oxman) MIT Media Lab Research Group

New Network-Centric Methods for

Managing reactive, data-driven city

systems

Replace one-size-fits-all systems

with exchange networks in order to

obtain more stable, fair and socially

efficient services

Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing

shared-use and interactive systems

Urban-scale serious games to shape

use of resources such as shared-use

mobility, variable-rate power, and

flexible workplaces

Multi-modal mobility

recommendation engines

New urban vehicles including electric

scooters, automobiles, bike-lane

vehicles, etc.

Data-driven analysis of economic

activity, human behavior, mobility

patterns, resource consumption, etc.

in order to inform an evidence-based

process of designing new cities

New Network-Centric Methods for

Managing reactive, data-driven city

systems

Replace one-size-fits-all systems

with exchange networks in order to

obtain more stable, fair and socially

efficient services

Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing

shared-use and interactive systems

Urban-scale serious games to shape

use of resources such as shared-use

mobility, variable-rate power, and

flexible workplaces

Multi-modal mobility

recommendation engines

New urban vehicles including electric

scooters, automobiles, bike-lane

vehicles, etc.

Energy

Buffer

Electronic nervous systems, from the

scale of the human body to the city

Trust networks to provide security

and insure privacy for otherwise

invasive systems that make use of

personal activity data

Dynamic smart grids that respond to

human mobility and behavior

patterns

Electric (DC) microgrids for compact

urban cells and renewable energy

Transformable and customizable

urban housing that combines

live/work functionality.

CityHome: CityCar Dispenser & Urban FarmingCoordinated with 4.154 Architecture Studio

Taught by Shun Kanda

Research Areas – Electric Mobility Systems,

New Energy Systems, New Technologies Enabling

Art, Culture, and Design,Transformable Housing,

Urban Farming, and Rethinking the Str eetscape.

Expected Student Deliverables – Students will

collaborate in small teams and propose well-

crafted design solutions through illustrations,

building scale prototypes (working and

non-working), back-of-the-envelope calculations,

videos, and other types of media.

Course Collaborators – Nicholas Pennycooke,

Daniel Smithwick, Praveen Subramani, Jenny

Broutin, Brandon Martin-Anderson, Shawn Salzber g,

Topper Carew, Tyrone Yang, Haiser Larrea Tamayo,

Jet SiZhi Zhou, Ira Winder.

Course Description – The destruction from the

events of 3.11 in Japan has forced communities to

re-question the concept of resiliency. This class

will focus on the design of resilient communities in

Tokoku, Japan, by developing new and scaleable

housing, mobility, and energy systems. These

systems should be designed to be adaptive,

robust, reconfigurable, redundant, and exhibit self-

healing much like wireless mesh networks in

computing. Participants of the course will have the

opportunity to travel to Japan during spring br eak

for a one-week design charrette. We will work with

community leaders, sponsors, and local

universities to design “Living Lab” experiments

that can be deployed and tested in Tohoku. Prior

to going to Japan, teams will focus on developing

key components of a resilient city – in a

generalizable fashion – that could scale to new

cities in China, India, and Latin America.

New Energy Systems for Electric Vehicles

Energy Buffer

CityHome: Transformable Housing Shared Electric

Mobility Systems

Rethinking the

Streetscape

Post-Tsunami JapanPermission of Instructor

G (Spring), Units: 3-0-9

Wednesdays 230-530pm

First Class, 230pm, Feb. 8

Room E14-525Instructors Kent Larson, Ryan Chin http://cp.media.mit.edu/education/classes

Designing New Resilient Cities

MIT Living Labs Workshop ( MAS.552J, 4.557J )

[email protected], [email protected]

24 Cities: 90% of Population Growth

25

Cities: 93% of Patented Inventions

What enables

creative,

innovative

entrepreneurial,

high-performance places?

density increases interactions diversity brings connections Innovation

Density + Diversity + Proximity + Social Ties

Proximity Increases Communication

Distance of Separation

Fre

qu

en

cy o

f C

om

mu

nic

ati

on

Thomas J. Allen

(MIT Professor of

Management Emeritus)

Allen Curve: Proximity

brings greater frequency

of Communication

Paul Krugman

(Nobel Prize

Laureate)

Geo-economical

theory: Proximity

brings close and

dense interactions

between

manufacturers

Manufacturing Density Increases Interactions

Firm Density Increases Wages

Density of Tech Firms

Avera

ge W

ag

es

Waber, et al.2010; Pan et al, 2011; Cebrian et al. 2011. Ductor, 2010.

Social Ties Increase Productivity

Social Tie Density Increases GDP

Social Tie Engagement Density

GD

P p

er

sq

ua

re m

ile

Density Reduces Energy/Person Population Density

En

erg

y (

Tra

ns

po

rtati

on

) p

er

pers

on

Population Density: Good & Bad

Population (Millions of People)

No

rmali

zed

Scale

AIDS cases

Crime

Patents

GDP

R&D….. (Energy Efficiency)

(Water Efficiency)

(Arts Activity)

Cities with dense urban cores have: • higher levels of skilled and talented people

• higher wages

• greater rates of innovation and productivity

• more companies focused on science and technology

• More organizations in the arts and entertainment

• lower water and energy consumption (per capita)

• higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)

Cities with dense urban cores have: • higher levels of skilled and talented people

• higher wages

• greater rates of innovation and productivity

• more companies focused on science and technology

• More organizations in the arts and entertainment

• lower water and energy consumption (per capita)

• higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)

Higher density can also bring: • increased noise

• more traffic congestion

• more air pollution

• loss of contact with nature

• increased crime

• increased drug use

• more disease

37

© 2013 Centre for Liveable Cities and Urban Land Institute

Population Density: Good & Bad Livability

Livability

Po

pu

lati

on

Desti

ny (

Peo

ple

/km

2)

38

If all 7 billion people on

earth were concentrated

in one city at the density

of Paris, it would be this size

!

1

Modeling Urban Systems

(to manage density

and promote interactions)

Milan

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk 20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

20 min walk

Paris Arrondissements

Paris Cafes

Paris Shops

Paris Physicians

Paris Pharmacies

Urban LEGO Unit (LU)

10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF)

Revenue / LU

Activities / LU

People / LU

Energy / LU

Vehicles / LU

Vegetables / LU

……..

10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF)

People / LU = 2 workers (restaurants, cafes)

People / LU = 300 customers (Starbucks per day)

RETAIL BLOCK (YELLOW)

Apartment Tower Single Loaded Corridor

20m x 10m x 15 stories = 3,000SM

People = 60

Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

54 Avatar Holotable

CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Satellite View CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Land Use CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Mobility CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Solar Radiation CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Wind Flows CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Tweets CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Tweets CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Venture Capital CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

65 CityScope, New City, Brisbane Urban Design Use Case

66 CityScope, Riyadh Urban Design Use Case

3D Projection Mapping CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Shanghai scale model

Shanghai Scale Model

2

Mobility-on-Demand for Cities

(creating alternatives to the

private automobile)

Congestion (Beijing)

Congestion (Bangalore)

Pollution (Shanghai)

Particulate Matter Levels in Beijing (Source: V. Karplus)

Sprawl (Los Angeles)

Sprawl (Mexico City)

Sprawl (Riyadh)

Tower Sprawl (Guangzhou)

Walking (Privileged Mode) Shared Bikes Shared Electric Bikes

Shared Electric Tram/Bus

Shared Electric PEVs

Shared CityCars

Shared Electric Scooters Mobility-on-Demand Modes

CityCar Study in Singapore

CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012

CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012

CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

Active Safety

Availability

Accessibility

Native integrationHigh utilization

Effic

i

ent design

Affordability

Autonomy Vehicle Sharing

Electrification

Sensor Networks

Urban Nervous System

Image: Emilio Frazzoli

3 Food for Cities

(addressing nutrition and the challenges of

water and energy scarcity)

compared to soil-based farming

100x Produce/land area

90% Less water

90% Less CO2

60% Less fertilizer

Industrial scale urban agriculture

4 Hyper-efficient Housing

(urban apartments for young professionals)

300SF (27SM) Manhattan Micro-Unit

RoboWall System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

Ceiling Deployed Bed System, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab

Smart City

Eco-City

Sustainable City

Green City

Low-Carbon City

Eco-Smart City

Smart City

Eco-City

Sustainable City

Green City

Low-Carbon City

Eco-Smart City

Increased Density • Social tie density

• Residential density

• Employment density

• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

Increased Density • Social tie density

• Residential density

• Employment density

• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity

• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)

• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)

• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……

Increased Density • Social tie density

• Residential density

• Employment density

• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

+ Increased Diversity • Demographic & ethnic diversity

• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)

• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)

• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……

+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods

• Shared-use personal and public mobility

• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.

• Networks and urban nervous system ……

Increased Density • Social tie density

• Residential density

• Employment density

• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity

• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)

• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)

• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……

+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods

• Shared-use personal and public mobility

• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.

• Networks and urban nervous system ……

+ Increased Events • Festivals

• Hackathons

• Conferences ……

Increased Density • Social tie density

• Residential density

• Employment density

• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……

+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity

• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)

• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)

• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……

+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods

• Shared-use personal and public mobility

• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.

• Networks and urban nervous system ……

+ Increased Events • Festivals

• Hackathons

• Conferences ……

High Innovation (Eco/Green/Smart/Low-Carbon City)

Cities for People (not machines)

City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems

Ryan Chin, Ph.D.

Managing Director

City Science Initiative

MIT Media Lab

[email protected]

5 Proactively Encouraging Interactions

(to promote innovation)

104

105

diversity connections

CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV)

Michael Lin, Carson Smuts, Sandra Rickter - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Design of

Innovative,

High-Performance

Places for People

Kent Larson

Changing Places

113 Urban Garden (Kent Larson)

114 Urban Garden (Kent Larson)

CityFarm Lab

Caleb Harper, Jason Nawyn - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

CityFarm Lab, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

119 CityScope

Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab

Modeling Interactions

CityScope, Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab