8-5: CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS · from the feminine mystique—betty friedan “the problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of american women.it was a strange stirring,

8-5: CIVIL RIGHTS

MOVEMENTS

SUBORDINATION OF BLACKS, POST-RECONSTRUCTION

• JIM CROW

• DISENFRANCHISEMENT

• LITERACY TESTS, POLL TAXES, WHITE

PRIMARIES, GERRYMANDERING

• MUCH OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS (1866,

1875) DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONAL

• ONLY FEDERAL VIOLATIONS PROHIBITED

• PLESSY V. FERGUSON, 1896

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• 1948: DESEGREGATION OF THE

MILITARY

• EXECUTIVE ORDER

• RESPONSE FROM THE DIXIECRATS

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES• 1954: BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION

• CONTRADICTED “SEPARATE BUT EQUAL”

• SEGREGATION A DENIAL OF EQUAL

PROTECTION (14TH AMENDMENT)

• ROLE OF THE NAACP

• STATES’ RIGHTS, MASSIVE RESISTANCE AND

DELAYED IMPLEMENTATION

• 1955: MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT

• ROLE OF ROSA PARKS

• SUPREME COURT RULED BUS SEGREGATION

UNCONSTITUTIONAL

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• 1957: LITTLE ROCK NINE

• FEDERAL TROOPS ENFORCE

DESEGREGATION

• CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION GIVEN

AUTHORITY TO INVESTIGATE AND

REPORT CASES OF DISCRIMINATION

• 1960: GREENSBORO SIT-IN

• NON-VIOLENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

• SPREAD OF SIT-INS AND BOYCOTTS

• SUCCESS AND FORMATION OF SNCC

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• 1961: FREEDOM RIDERS

• MIXED-RACE GROUPS SPONSORED BY

CONGRESS ON RACIAL EQUALITY

• TOUR OF SOUTH TO TEST ENFORCEMENT OF

REGULATIONS AGAINST DISCRIMINATION

• MOB VIOLENCE AND “COOLING-OFF

PERIOD”

• BACKBONE OF NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS

MOVEMENT

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• 1963: BIRMINGHAM CAMPAIGN

• BULL CONNOR AND ARREST OF

MLK

• CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE THEORY

OUTLINED

• ROLE OF TV—“VISUAL

DEMONSTRATION OF SIN”

• NATIONWIDE AWAKENING

AGAINST SEGREGATION

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• 1963: MARCH ON WASHINGTON

• “I HAVE A DREAM” SPEECH

• JFK’S CALL FOR AN END OF SEGREGATION

• 1964: CIVIL RIGHTS ACT

• PROHIBITED DISCRIMINATION BECAUSE OF

RACE, RELIGION, NATIONAL ORIGIN OR

GENDER IN PRIVATE FACILITIES THAT

ACCOMMODATE THE PUBLIC

CIVIL RIGHTS MILESTONES

• VOTING RIGHTS ACT (1965)

• ABOLISHED LITERACY TESTS

• VOTER REGISTRATION DRIVES

(SELMA TO MONTGOMERY

MARCH)

• 24TH AMENDMENT

• ABOLISHED POLL TAXES

CIVIL RIGHTS ADVANCES OF THE 1960S

• WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT

• BETTY FRIEDAN AND NOW

• CHALLENGED SEX

DISCRIMINATION IN THE

WORKPLACE

• EXPANSION OF WOMEN’SRIGHTS

• TITLE VII OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS

ACT

• AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

• TITLE IX OF THE EDUCATION

AMENDMENTS

• ROE V. WADE RULING AND

SUBSEQUENT SEXUAL REVOLUTION

FROM THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE—BETTY FRIEDAN

“THE PROBLEM LAY BURIED, UNSPOKEN, FOR MANY YEARS IN THE MINDS OF

AMERICAN WOMEN. IT WAS A STRANGE STIRRING, A SENSE OF DISSATISFACTION, A

YEARNING THAT WOMEN SUFFERED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN THE

UNITED STATES. EACH SUBURBAN WIFE STRUGGLED WITH IT ALONE. AS SHE MADE

THE BEDS, SHOPPED FOR GROCERIES, MATCHED SLIPCOVER MATERIAL, ATE PEANUT

BUTTER SANDWICHES WITH HER CHILDREN, CHAUFFEURED CUB SCOUTS AND

BROWNIES, LAY BESIDE HER HUSBAND AT NIGHT—SHE WAS AFRAID TO ASK EVEN

HERSELF THE SILENT QUESTION—‘IS THIS ALL?’”

CIVIL RIGHTS ADVANCES OF THE 1960S

• LATINO RIGHTS MOVEMENT

• CESAR CHAVEZ AND THE UNITED

FARM WORKERS

• LED BOYCOTTS AGAINST THE

MIGRANT LABOR SYSTEM

• NATIONAL ORIGINS QUOTA SYSTEM

ABOLISHED

ROLE OF THE SUPREME COURT

• WARREN COURT (LIBERAL), 1953-1969

• BECAME INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL CHANGE

• BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION—DESEGREGATION

• BAKER V. CARR—“ONE MAN, ONE VOTE”

• GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT—PROVISION OF A LAWYER

• GRISWOLD V. CONNECTICUT—BIRTH CONTROL

• ROE V. WADE—ABORTION

• TINKER V. DES MOINES—FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

• MAPP V. OHIO—RESTRICTIONS ON SEARCHES

• MIRANDA V. ARIZONA—PROTECTIONS FROM SELF-INCRIMINATION

BLACK POWER MOVEMENT

• BELIEFS

• SELF-RELIANCE FOR POLITICAL AND

ECONOMIC LIFE

• ADVANCE BLACK VALUES

• TACTICS VARIED FROM CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

TO VIOLENCE

• ORGANIZATIONS

• NATION OF ISLAM—ELIJAH MUHAMMED

• SNCC—STOKELY CARMICHAEL

• BLACK PANTHERS—HUEY NEWTON

UNSUCCESSFUL REFORMS

• EQUAL PAY ACT

• EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT

• “EQUALITY OF RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW SHALL

NOT BE DENIED OR ABRIDGED BY THE UNITED

STATES OR BY ANY STATE ON ACCOUNT OF

SEX.”

• ASSASSINATIONS OF CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS

• MALCOLM X

• MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• ROBERT F. KENNEDY