8 %20jlw land ecosystem accounts wb 26mar13 1%20[compatibility%20mode]

Land and Ecosystem Accounts

& Coastal Mediterranean Case Studies

Jean-Louis Weber

Consultant

Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Environment Agency

[email protected]

Natural Capital Accounting for Green Growth

in the Middle East and North AfricaRegional Workshop – Villa Valmer, Marseille –

March 26 and 27, 2013

Land and Ecosystem Accounting

SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting

Ecosystem accounts are based on spatial information (1)

Ecosystem accounts are based on spatial information (2)

Spatial Integration of Environmental & Socio-Economic Data Collection

Mapping

Socio-Economic

Statistics

Individual Sites Monitoring

Sampling

Ecosystem accounts are based on spatial information

Example of combination of river basins boundaries

and land cover functional units (red= urban, yellow = agriculture,

green = forest, blue = grass and shrubs, grey = mixed…)

Courtesy Emil D. Ivanov, 2011

Assimilation of statistics into regular grids: an example with population

statistics

Land, Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, Economy … and People

Services 1.1 1 .2 1 .3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2 .2 2 .3 3 .1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3 .5

Land cover types Food

Mat

eria

ls

Fore

st t

rees

-re

late

d

Pla

nt-r

elat

ed

Phy

sica

l su

ppo

rt

Am

enity

Iden

tity

Did

actic

Cyc

ling

Sin

k

Pre

vent

ion

Ref

ugiu

m

Bre

edin

g

Artificial surfaces/ Urban

Arable land & permanent crops

Grassland & mixed farmland

Forests & woodland shrub

Heathland, sclerophylous veg.

Open space with l ittle/ no vegetation

Wetlands

Water bodies

Land

cov

er c

lass

ifica

tion

CICES: Provisional Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services

Land cover aggregated classification

Land cover classification

LCCS3 (FAO & UNEP) as international standard

• LCCS3 = a meta language with rules for defining detailed classifications

Basic objects

+ characteristics

+ properties

+ spatial patterns

� Applications which are at the same time coherent and user defined

• LCCS3 = a software package used by FAO (e.g. Africover) and other institutions

• In Europe, Corine Land Cover legend : an application of LCCS3 rules (translation done…), implemented in 35 countries, 1990, 2000, 2006 and 2012 in preparation. Several applications in Africa, Latin America…

• LCCS3 = standard proposed for the SEEA land cover classification

���� the experimental classification of land cover functional units for ecosystem accounting is fully compatible with LCCS3 and Corine Land Cover

Corine land cover (1975 (coasts), 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 (starting)

http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/landuse

Corine Land Cover 2006 in the Northern Mediterranean

MEDGEOBASE Tunisia

~1900-1998Tunisia - 1990 -1998

From 1990 to 1998, IGN FI with the National Agency for Environmental Protection “ANPE” from the Ministry of Environment, have produced an environmental database of 80,000 km ² of the Tunisian coast. The first database is called MEDGEOBASE. Through this successful technical cooperation, the ANPE has acquired a good knowledge of how to achieve this type of tool. In this context and to develop this project, the ANPE has decided to adopt a monitoring tool to improve knowledge and management of the environment in Tunisia.

This operational decision-support system for the management of natural resources and the environment (SAIDE) is based on basic data coming from the previous MEDGEOBASE project but this time extended to the whole country from Landsat TM coverage. The goal is that it become a tool for decision support in the field of land use planning and coastal protection for both the ANPE under the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning and for the new National Agency for Coastal Protection.

(source: Gabriel Jaffrain, IGN-FI, in EEA, “Corine land cover Beyond Europe, 2011)

MEDGEOBASE

Morocco ~ 1990-1995

Morocco ~ 1990-1995

The Morocco “Medgeobase” project aims for the creation and implementation of a geographic database of land cover & land use, as specified by Corine Land Cover of the European Community for the management of the environment along the coastal Morocco area, between Agadir and the Algerian border. The total area is around 91,700 km ².

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/26006/1/medgeobase.pdf

MEDGEOBASE Morocco ~1900-1995

Palestine ~ 1994-1997

Palestine ~ 1994-1997

The lack of a national land cover classification system motivated the Land Research Center (LRC) to adapt a system suitable for remotely sensed data. The European CORINE Land cover classification system was chosen as a base for the classification system applied to the research. This study was a step towards having better planning of environmental policy as well as better land use and land resources management that was achieved through cooperation between PNA ministries, NGO's, the private sector and all other interested entities.

Egypt ~ 2000, by FAO Africover project

LCCS classification converted to Corine land cover

From land cover maps

to land cover accounting,

starting with an example

out of Europe

© BDOT - Burkina Faso – EIONET meeting Copenhague 30-31st January 2006

The protected forest of Dida (83407,6 ha)

Etat 1992 État 2002

changements

Occupation de s terres: FC de Dida 1992

1

21

24

31

32

33

5

Occupation des terres: FC de Dida 2002

1

21

24

31

32

33

5

Changem ents FC de Dida

0,06139,1

18669,9

5,2

-24828,4

14,2 0,0

-30000,0

-20000,0

-10000,0

0,0

10000,0

20000,0

30000,0

1 21 24 31 32 33 5

1

21

24

31

32

33

5

Postes BDOT

Dida 1992 (ha) Représentativité %

1 0,0 0,0

21 639,6 0,8

24 3498,4 4,2

31 9399,0 11,3

32 69842,8 83,7

33 27,7 0,0

5 0,0 0,0

TOTAL 83407,6 100,0

Postes BDOT

Dida 2002 (ha) Représentativité %

1 0 0,0

21 6778,7 8,1

24 22168,3 26,6

31 9404,2 11,3

32 45014,4 54,0

33 41,9 0,1

5 0,0 0,0

TOTAL 83407,6 100,0

Forest of Dida is subject toa strong pressure.Around 30 % of the totalarea was moved toagriculture area in 10Years. That is to say asurface of 25 000 ha

ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED PERIMETERS

Land cover accounts for Europe

1990-2000 (26 countries)

2006 update (35 countries)

Satellite image (Image 2000)CORINE Land CoverEuropean Reference Grid 1x1 KmLand cover accounts are produced for

1 km² grid cells

Jean-Louis Weber, CBD Conférence, Libreville, 16 Septembre 2010

Land cover accounting: statistics based on gridded data

==

6

===

72

42

Sprawl of artificial areas 1990-2000

Urban and infrastructure land development "1990" - 2000 - EUR23 - ha/year

0 10 000 2000 0 30 000 40 000 5000 0 6 0000

Land up ta ke byh ousin g, se rvice s

and rec reation

L and uptake by

in dustrial &commercia l s ite s

L and uptake by

tran sport netw orks &infr astructures

Land up take by

mines , qua rries an dw as te du mpsites

Origin of art if ic ia l land uptake as % of total, "1 990"- 2000, EUR 23

6%9%

3 6%

4 8%

1%Arable lan d & permane ntcrop s

Pas tu res & mixe d farmla nd

Forests an d tran sitio nalwoo dlan d shrub

Natura l grassland, hea thlan d,sc leroph ylou s vege ta ti on

Open sp aces wi th litt le o r n ove getation

Wetla nds

Water bod ies

Mean annual urban and infrastructures land take as % of Art ificial land cover "199 0"

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

at be bg cz de dk e e e s fr g r hu ie it lt lu lv nl pl pt ro si sk ukEUR23

Mean an nu al u rb an and inf rastructures land take as % o f total Europ e-23 urban land take

0.00

5.00

10.0 0

15.0 0

20.0 0

25.0 0

at be bg cz de dk ee es fr gr hu i e it lt lu l v nl p l p t ro si sk uk

Jean-Louis Weber, CBD Conférence, Libreville, 16 Septembre 2010

Urban sprawl in the province of Venice, 1990-2000, cells of 1 km² , impact on wetlands

Le gend

Land uptake by urban Value

0 - 2

2 - 5

5 - 10 0

Inlan d m ar shes

P eat b ogs

S alt m arshes

S alin es

Intert ida l fl ats

W ater courses

W ater bodie s

C oa stal lag oons

E stua ries

Wetlands

Net Change in Land Cover % of initial year

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6 Arti ficial s urfaces

Arable land &perm anent cropsPas tures & m ix edfarm landForests and transi tionalwoodlandNatural grassland &sem i-natural vegetationOpen spaces wi th l ittleor no vegetationWetlands

Water bodies

Despite possible threats from sea level rise and the permanent

ecological problems of the lagoon due to agriculture

eutrophicating surpluses, urban and infrastructures

development has continued in the province of Venice.

Jean-Louis Weber, CBD Conférence, Libreville, 16 Septembre 2010

Mediterranean Coastal Case Studies

• Ecosystem accounting and the cost of biodiversity losses, The case

of coastal Mediterranean wetlands (EEA)

• Pegaso (European Commission Research with Universities of

Barcelona-UAB and Nottingham, IFREMER, Blue Plan and many

others…)

• GlobWetland II (ESA, the European Space Agency, with Ramsar

Convention, the Mediterranean Wetlands Observatory, MedWet

etc…)

Ecosystem accounting and the cost of biodiversity losses, The case of

coastal Mediterranean wetlands (2010)

• An EEA report for TEEB

1. Ecosystem accounts and the

economics of biodiversity loss

2. Biodiversity and the valuation of

ecosystem services

3. Socio-ecological systems, ecosystem

accounting and the case of wetlands in

the Mediterranean

4. Ecosystem accounts for wetlands:

constructing a multi-scale perspective

5. Ecosystem accounting and the costs of

maintenance at local scales :

– The Doñana (Spain),

– Camargue (France),

– Amvrakikos (Greece),

– and Danube delta (Romania)

socio-ecological systems

Mapping the Ramsar Convention sites and land cover

(using the ESA GlobCover 2006)

The main issue in coastal wetlands: agriculture consumption land and water

Amvrakikos, Greece: excessive irrigation development results in fish death events (anoxia) in the gulf.

Accounting for land cover change

A composite indicator of land cover change impacts

Camargue and region:

NLEP 2000

�

and change 1990-2000

Accounting for pressure on wetlands from agriculture

Assessment of individual wetlands (below: Camargue)

Note: it was possible to measure and value selected ecosystem services but not all of them. However it was not possible to calculate any total economic value for the 4 case studies.

People for Ecosystem-based Governance in

Assessing Sustainable Development of

Ocean and coast

• PEGASO, an ongoing research involving Universities of Barcelona

(UAB) and Nottingham, IFREMER, UNEP/MAP/Blue Plan and many

others…

• Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal regions, land and sea

• The 2 following maps are provisional. Shown thanks to courtesy of

Emil Ivanov, U. of Nottingham

• Produced in view of overcoming the information gaps with the

Mediterranean wetlands accounting study

Source: Courtesy Emil D. Ivanov, 2013.

University of Nottingham/ PEGASO EU Research

2000

Source: Courtesy Emil D. Ivanov, 2013.

University of Nottingham/ PEGASO EU Research

2011

ESA’s GlobWetlands II, another project launched to fill data gaps met in

the EEA study, in particular regarding the Mediterranean South Bank.

http://www.medwetlands-obs.org/en/content/globwetland-ii-project

The first set of GlobWetland II geo-

information maps will be produced

for 3 points in time (1975-76, 1990-

91, 2005-06), on 200 wetland sites,

at a geographical scale of 1:50,000

to 1:100,000, taking full advantage

of the time series of Landsat data

(MSS, TM and ETM):

- land-use and land-cover maps,

including wetland typologies;

- change detection maps for long-

term change and trends analysis;

- water cycle maps for the analysis

of the annual variations of the water

table.

GlobWetland II: data + the GW-II mapping software for specific applications

Source: Bert Wolf, Jena Optronik

Thank you!

Jean-Louis Weber

Consultant

Honorary Professor, School of Geography, University of Nottingham

Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Environment Agency

[email protected]