8-2: THE EARLY COLD WAR 1953-1963
8-2: THE EARLY COLD WAR
1953-1963
EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR
• Massive Retaliation (or brinksmanship)
• modified containment to include liberation
• If attacked, response would be massive
• Nuclear deterrent instead of conventional use of armed forces
• Hydrogen bombs tested (U.S. 1952, USSR, 1953)
• Vietnam and Domino Theory—SEATO
EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR
• Relations with the USSR
• Death of Stalin (1953)
• Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
• “Peaceful coexistence”
• Polish and Hungarian uprisings quickly crushed, souring American-Soviet relations
• Sputnik (1957)
• Soviet satellite
• U.S. fear, creation of NASA
• U-2 Incident (1960)
• U.S. spy plane shot down
• Khrushchev cancels joint summit
EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR
• The Middle East
• Suez Crisis
• Eisenhower Doctrine
• OPEC and Oil
• Eisenhower’s Legacy
• Warned of dangers of “military-industrial complex”
KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR
• Alliance for Progress
• Bay of Pigs
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Berlin Wall