ICUAS 2012-Kim, Song, Morrison-Presentation
Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented
University Classes: Emotions and SensesSang Yoon Bae, Chan-Eon
Park, Jukrin Moon, James R. Morrison
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST, South
Korea
Thursday, June 27, 2013 7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #1Presentation
OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and
objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (1)Education
and the individualBillions of people spend decades of their lives
in modern educational systemsKorean families spend more than
$3000/year to educate one child in addition to the public school
system (Koreans salaries are about of US)Education level correlates
highly with salary
Education and societyEducation has been around for 1000s of
yearsEducation is an essential factor controlling the success of
nations
If education is so important to each person and the world
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (2)Why do
students often look like this?
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (3)Education
is part of the service economy
The service economy includes
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (4)Can we
extract the essence of other services for education?
Starting from this question, our objective is
Axiomatic Design of Service-Oriented University EducationFor
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and
objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Literature Review and Contribution (1)Traditional
education literatureKnowledge taxonomies (e.g., Bloom et al.,
1956)Learning styles (e.g., Davis, 2007)
Service perspective in educationKANO model (Kano et al.,
1984)SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman et al., 1985)Humor in classroom
(Berk 2000, Skinner 2010)
Formal design in educationQuality Function Deployment (Sahney et
al., 2004 and Bagchi, 2010)Axiomatic Design for a specific course
(Tate et al., 2004 and Tate, 2005)General use of AD for course
design (Thompson et al., 2009)7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Literature Review and
Contribution (2)Contribution
Propose the idea of a general service perspective in university
courses that includes the stimulation of emotions (not only humor)
and senses;
Develop a list of prototype FRs and DPs to support the design of
courses with this general service-oriented perspective;
Design a university course that includes, not only educational
functions, but service-oriented ones such as experiencing
emotions;
Discuss the implementation of such a course at KAIST.
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and
objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholders
of the university education system?Almost everyone is a stakeholder
of educationStudents, teachers, parents, society
10 source categories investigatedUniversity student surveysPrior
course evaluation survey scores and commentsInterviews with the
KAIST Dean of Education 3.0Interviews with professors who have
received excellent teaching awards from KAISTOn-line articles and
videos about teachingBooks on teaching authored by celebrated
professorsA popular non-fiction Korean television program where
lecturing is the formatAcademic literature on service and
educationOur own perspectives on what is good about various
servicesAcademic literature on emotions/senses.
Stakeholder Analysis
Customer Needs
Benchmarking
Prototype FRs
Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design
June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Customer Needs259
Customer Needs were identified79 CNs related to the teaching
staff160 CNs related to the class meetings (lecture &
discussion)20 CNs related to students
We further organized these into categoriesCourse contentDelivery
methodsEvaluation of students Overall class experience
Stakeholder Analysis
Customer Needs
Benchmarking
Prototype FRs
Prototype DPs
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Benchmarking of Education and
ServicesStakeholder Analysis
Customer Needs
Benchmarking
Prototype FRs
Prototype DPs
Blooms TaxonomyMemlectics Learning StylesEmotionsSenses7th
International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang
Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Prototype Functional RequirementsWhy
prototype?
High level Functional RequirementsFR0: Establish student
understanding of course knowledge (content) map.FRi: Establish
cognitive domains for course topic i in students.FRA: Evaluate
course quality.FRB: Establish connections between course topics and
students concerns.FRC: Magnify intensity of emotion the student
associates with selected ideas.Stakeholder Analysis
Customer Needs
Benchmarking
Prototype FRs
Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design
June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Prototype Design
ParametersPrototype DPs are simply stated as methods to provide the
FR.
Depending on the course topic and application, the course
designer will select DPs.
Prototype FRs and DPs can be used for generic guidance and
structural placeholders.
We provide examples of DPs for some of the FRs in our
exampleStakeholder Analysis
Customer Needs
Benchmarking
Prototype FRs
Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design
June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction:
Motivation and objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Course Design: FRs and DPsCourse Design: FRs and
DPs
Implementation and Sample
Results and FeedbackPrototype Functional
RequirementsPrototypeDesign ParametersMatchedExtractExtract &
SpecifyFRs for Chapter iDPs for Chapter iMatching should
remainOrdering andAllocating
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Implementation and Sample (1)IE200: Introduction to
Operation Research (KAIST)Spring 2013 semester 2nd year courseBasic
elective open to any majorTraditional lecture format100 students
from all majors and years
Why?Easy to realize (the authors teach and TA the course)Rapid
feedback is possible (1 semester)Many applications of the
materialMay be possible to create a life-changing experienceCourse
Design: FRs and DPs
Implementation and Sample
Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic
Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Implementation and Sample
(2)Now provide an example of a lecture design
Course content of the lectureNetwork models for transportation
problemsOptimization methods to minimize transport costContext of
the example is food distribution network
Format of the classIntroduction: Lecture (5-10 minutes)Student
actively solve two problems in groups (35 minutes)Concluding
remarks: Lecture (5 minutes)
A snippet from the concluding remarks followsCourse Design: FRs
and DPs
Implementation and Sample
Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic
Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Some Perspective (1): Fixed
BudgetsRelief organizations typically work on a fixed budgetFunding
provided by governments, companies, private donors and NGOsWhen the
money runs out thats the end of it!As we saw in our beginning Red
Cross distribution: There are good ways to distribute supplies and
There are worse ways to distribute themFixed budget: Food vs.
distribution costs
Food CostsDistribution CostsExpensive distributionFood
CostsDistribution CostsOptimal distributionFixed BudgetMore food
delivered!Total Relief Cost7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Some Perspective (3):
World of Starvation1/3 of human deaths are due to hunger
1.2 billion people live with less than US$ 1 per day
About 6000 children are dying of starvation EVERY DAY
Can we help them?7th International Conference on Axiomatic
Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #What will you get
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #With a degree in engineering?7th International
Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae
#Money?7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27,
2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Success?7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Yes you can get these
things7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27,
2013 Sang Yoon Bae #But7th International Conference on Axiomatic
Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #You can also be a savior7th
International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang
Yoon Bae #For them7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design
June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #
Every 15 seconds
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #
One child
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #
Dies from hunger
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #
During our class today
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Which studied food distribution7th International
Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #200
children have died7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design
June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Not only doctors 7th International
Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Also
engineers7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27,
2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Can save them.7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #And7th International
Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #YOU can
do it also.
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Science without conscience is the ruin of the soul
Francois Rabelais
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Results and Feedback (1)What we want to
reportStatistical results from anonymous course evaluation
surveyPositive and negative student comments from anonymous course
evaluation survey
However, we will have the data next weekKAIST Spring 2013
semester ended last FridayCourse evaluation results are not yet
released
So what can we report?Course Design: FRs and DPs
Implementation and Sample
Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic
Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Results and Feedback
(2)Unsolicited e-mail received near the end of the semesterTrying
to improve this course for many years, butNever received these
kinds of e-mails beforeThis is from 7% of the class
Course Design: FRs and DPs
Implementation and Sample
Results and FeedbackEXCERPTEXCERPTI was really glad to learn
this course It was very fun and helpful. I will always remember
your saying that engineers should use their gifts for other people.
I will try hard to become a good engineer.I would like to say thank
you I learned a lot of things including external study (engineers
humanity). and happy from entertaining Inclass activity (making
sandwich, Casino, etc. a lot).I want to say thank you. I am really
pleased to take [the] class. The lectures were very impressive and
interesting. I am really glad but I can't explain it in English.
Thank you very muchThank you for this whole semester I've learnt a
lots of things from your lectures. One of the best things that I've
done in this semester is took IE200, Thank you.It was my pleasure
to attend [the] class thank you so impressed! I was very happy that
I can participate this classI really appreciate IE200 It was very
honored to learn Operation Research :-)7th International Conference
on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation
OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective
Literature review and contribution
Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs
(CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs
Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and
DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and
feedback
Concluding remarks
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks (1)EducationAn essential element
of modern societyMost efforts have focused on contents and a
macroscopic view
We embarked upon a service-oriented university course design
process
Axiomatic Design methodologyDeveloped CNs based on 10 categories
of materialIdentified FRs and DPs based on 4 categories (Blooms
taxonomy, learning styles, emotions and senses)
Redesigned the KAIST IE200 course Used this formal approach to
develop new lectures and activitiesInjected emotional and sensory
functions into the course materialImplemented the design early
results are encouraging!
Instructors (course designer) can use the prototype FRs and DPs
to help guide course development7th International Conference on
Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks
(2)Future directions
Statistical analysis of the student course evaluation data
Update FRs and DPs with feedback and evaluation
Implement the methods for another course and improve the
flexibility
Further develop the detailed design process for use by
others
7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013
Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks (3)Even if ones lecture content
is fantastically clear and complete,
unmotivated students will not absorb the material
So, we investigated a service-oriented approach
towards a future where everyone enjoys learning!7th
International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang
Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented
University Classes: Emotions and SensesThank you!7th International
Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #50