Columbus City Schools Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013 1 7 th Grade Science Unit: ABC: Acid Base Chemistry Unit Snapshot Topic: Conservation of Mass and Energy Grade Level: 7 Duration: 9 days Summary: The following activities engage students in exploring the acidity or alkalinity of substances (pH), through investigations involving pH testing and analysis. Students will then use their knowledge of pH values to analyze components of the natural world. CLEAR LEARNING TARGETS “I can”…statements ____ use the pH scale to compare and evaluate the acidity or alkalinity of a compound ____measure pH values in the natural world (e.g. soil, water). Activity Highlights and Suggested Timeframe Day 1 Engagement: The objective of this activity is to engage students and formatively assess their knowledge related to properties of acids and bases through a discrepant event acid/base demonstration called the Witch’s Potion. Day 2 Exploration: The objective of the following activity is to give students the opportunity to work with and begin to develop a basic understanding of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance through on-line simulation GIZMO: pH Analysis. Days 3-4 Explanation: The objective of the following activity is to give students the opportunity to develop their knowledge of pH scale values through close reading and the CPO Lab Investigation 16B: Acids, Bases, and pH. Days 5-7 Elaboration: The objective of the following activities is to give students the opportunity to gain deeper understanding of pH values through close reading and pH investigations involving substances in our natural world (e.g. water, soil). Day 8 and on- going Evaluation: Formative and summative assessments are used to focus on and assess student knowledge and growth to gain evidence of student learning or progress throughout the unit, and to become aware of students misconceptions related to thermal energy transfer. A teacher-created short cycle assessment will be administered at the end of the unit to assess all clear learning targets (Day 8). Day 9 Extension/Intervention: Based on the results of the short-cycle assessment, facilitate extension and/or intervention activities.
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Columbus City Schools
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013
1
7th Grade Science Unit:
ABC: Acid Base Chemistry Unit Snapshot
Topic: Conservation of Mass and Energy
Grade Level: 7 Duration: 9 days
Summary: The following activities engage students in exploring the acidity or
alkalinity of substances (pH), through investigations involving pH
testing and analysis. Students will then use their knowledge of pH
values to analyze components of the natural world.
CLEAR LEARNING TARGETS
“I can”…statements
____ use the pH scale to compare and evaluate the acidity or alkalinity of a
compound
____measure pH values in the natural world (e.g. soil, water).
Activity Highlights and Suggested Timeframe
Day 1 Engagement: The objective of this activity is to engage students and formatively
assess their knowledge related to properties of acids and bases through a
discrepant event acid/base demonstration called the Witch’s Potion.
Day 2 Exploration: The objective of the following activity is to give students the
opportunity to work with and begin to develop a basic understanding of the
acidity or alkalinity of a substance through on-line simulation GIZMO: pH Analysis.
Days 3-4 Explanation: The objective of the following activity is to give students the
opportunity to develop their knowledge of pH scale values through close reading
and the CPO Lab Investigation 16B: Acids, Bases, and pH.
Days 5-7 Elaboration: The objective of the following activities is to give students the
opportunity to gain deeper understanding of pH values through close reading and
pH investigations involving substances in our natural world (e.g. water, soil).
Day 8 and on-
going
Evaluation: Formative and summative assessments are used to focus on and
assess student knowledge and growth to gain evidence of student learning or
progress throughout the unit, and to become aware of students misconceptions
related to thermal energy transfer. A teacher-created short cycle assessment will
be administered at the end of the unit to assess all clear learning targets (Day 8).
Day 9 Extension/Intervention: Based on the results of the short-cycle assessment, facilitate
extension and/or intervention activities.
Columbus City Schools
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013
2
LESSON PLANS
NEW LEARNING STANDARDS: 7.PS.1 The properties of matter are determined by the arrangement of atoms.
Substances are classified according to their properties, such as metals and acids.
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY and APPLICATION PRACTICES: During the years of grades K-12, all students must use the following scientific inquiry and application practices with appropriate laboratory
safety techniques to construct their knowledge and understanding in all science content areas:
Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) that guide scientific
investigations
Developing descriptions, models, explanations and predictions.
Planning and carrying out investigations
Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering)that conclude
scientific investigations
Using appropriate mathematics, tools, and techniques to gather data/information, and analyze and
interpret data
Engaging in argument from evidence
Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating scientific procedures and explanations
*These practices are a combination of ODE Science Inquiry and Application and Frame-work for K-12 Science
Education Scientific and Engineering Practices
COMMON CORE STATE STANDARDS for LITERACY in SCIENCE: *For more information: http://www.corestandards.org/assets/CCSSI_ELA%20Standards.pdf
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate
summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.3 Follow precisely a multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking
measurements, or performing technical tasks.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words
and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 6–8 texts and
topics.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6-8.9 Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations,
video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic.
STUDENT KNOWLEDGE: Prior Concepts Related to Properties of Matter
PreK-2: Properties can be used to sort objects. Changes, including phase changes are explored.
Grades 3-5: Objects are composed of matter which has mass* and volume. Properties of solids, liquids and
gases are explored. Phase changes are reversible and do not change the identity of the material. The total
amount of matter and mass* remains the same when something changes.
Grade 6: All matter is made up of atoms that are in constant random motion. Elements, compounds and
molecules are introduced. The properties of solids, liquids and gases, and changes of phase are explained
by the motion and spacing of the particles.
Future Application of Concepts
High School: Metalloids and pH calculations are introduced. Mixtures are classified as homogenous or
heterogeneous. Trends in the properties and atomic structure of elements are related to the periodic table.
The role of valence electrons in reactivity is explored, balanced chemical equations are written and
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Lemon juice is an
example of an acid.
A. What does lemon juice taste like? ________________________________________ B. What does it feel like if lemon juice gets in your eye? _________________________
2. Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Hand soap is an
example of a base.
A. What does soap feel like? ______________________________________________ B. What does soap taste like? _____________________________________________ C. What does it feel like if soap gets in your eye? ______________________________
Gizmo Warm-up The strength of an acid or base is measured on the pH scale. The term “pH” is short for “potential of hydrogen.” It is a measure of how many excess H+ ions there are in a solution. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with 0 representing the highest concentration of hydrogen ions. Acidic substances have a pH below 7, while alkaline substances (bases) have a pH above 7. Pure water has a pH of 7 and is considered neutral. The pH Analysis Gizmo™ allows you to find the pH of a variety of liquids. In the Gizmo, check that the Substance in the tube is Ammonia, and click Test. Wait until the animation is finished. 1. Indicators change color in acids or bases. What is the color of the pH paper? ___________
2. Compare the paper to the pH color chart. What is the pH of ammonia? _____________
Goal: Find the pH of 18 common substances. 1. Test: Use the Gizmo to find the pH of each of the available substances. Classify each substance as acidic
(pH < 7), alkaline (ph > 7), or neutral (pH = 7).
0-14 pH indicator paper
Material in the tube pH value Acidic, alkaline, or neutral?
Baking soda
Bleach
Coffee
Cola
Drain cleaner
Hand soap
Juice (lemon)
Juice (orange)
Juice (tomato)
Milk
Milk of magnesia
Oven cleaner
Saliva (human)
Shampoo
Stomach acid
Vinegar
Water (distilled)
Water (ocean)
2. Summarize: Compare all the acidic substances and all the alkaline substances.
A. In general, what types of substances tend to be acidic? _______________________
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013
16
Activity B:
More accurate pH
Get the Gizmo ready:
Click Reset.
Select the 4.5-7.5 paper.
Goal: Find the pH of substances in a more accurate way. 1. Test: Before you begin testing with the 4.5-7.5 paper, list the pH values of the substances below that you
found using the 0-14 pH indicator paper. Then find the pH of each substance with the 4.5-7.5 paper.
4.5-7.5 pH indicator paper
Material in the tube pH value (0 to 14 paper) pH value (4.5 to 7.5 paper)
Coffee
Milk
Oven cleaner
Saliva (human)
Shampoo
Stomach acid
Water (distilled)
2. Analyze: Compare the pH values in each column.
A. How do these values compare? _________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________ B. What is an advantage of using the 4.5-7.5 paper? ___________________________
___________________________________________________________________ C. What is a disadvantage of using the 4.5-7.5 paper? __________________________
___________________________________________________________________ D. Given the results from two kinds of indicator paper, which substances appear to be neutral (pH =
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) [Note: The purpose of these questions is to activate prior knowledge and get students thinking. Students are not expected to know the answers to the Prior Knowledge Questions.]
1. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Lemon juice is an
example of an acid.
A. What does lemon juice taste like? Lemon juice has a sour taste. B. What does it feel like if lemon juice gets in your eye? A burning sensation.
2. Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Hand soap is an
example of a base.
A. What does soap feel like? Soap has a slippery texture. B. What does soap taste like? Soap has a bitter taste. C. What does it feel like if soap gets in your eye? A burning sensation.
Gizmo Warm-up The strength of an acid or base is measured on the pH scale. The term “pH” is short for “potential of hydrogen.” It is a measure of how many excess H+ ions there are in a solution. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14, with 0 representing the highest concentration of hydrogen ions. Acidic substances have a pH below 7, while alkaline substances (bases) have a pH above 7. Pure water has a pH of 7 and is considered neutral. The pH Analysis Gizmo™ allows you to find the pH of a variety of liquids. In the Gizmo, check that the Substance in the tube is Ammonia, and click Test. Wait until the animation is finished. 1. Indicators change color in acids or bases. What is the color of the pH paper? Dark green
2. Compare the paper to the pH color chart. What is the pH of ammonia? 11
3. Is ammonia acidic or alkaline? Alkaline
Columbus City Schools
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013
18
Activity A:
Measuring pH
Get the Gizmo ready:
Click Reset.
Check that the 0-14 paper is selected.
Goal: Find the pH of 18 common substances. 1. Test: Use the Gizmo to find the pH of each of the available substances. Classify each substance as acidic
(pH < 7), alkaline (ph > 7), or neutral (pH = 7).
0-14 pH indicator paper
Material in the tube pH value Acidic, alkaline, or neutral?
Baking soda 8 Alkaline
Bleach 11 Alkaline
Coffee 5 Acidic
Cola 2 or 3 Acidic
Drain cleaner 13 Alkaline
Hand soap 9 or 10 Alkaline
Juice (lemon) 2 or 3 Acidic
Juice (orange) 3 Acidic
Juice (tomato) 4 Acidic
Milk 6 or 7 Acidic or neutral
Milk of magnesia 10 Alkaline
Oven cleaner 13 or 14 Alkaline
Saliva (human) 6 or 7 Acidic or neutral
Shampoo 6 or 7 Acidic or neutral
Stomach acid 1 Acidic
Vinegar 4 Acidic
Water (distilled) 6 or 7 Acidic or neutral
Water (ocean) 8 Alkaline
2. Summarize: Compare all the acidic substances and all the alkaline substances.
A. In general, what types of substances tend to be acidic?
Fruit juices and other beverages or food (cola, coffee, vinegar) tend to be acidic.
B. What types of substances tend to be alkaline? Most of the alkaline substances are cleaners. These include hand soap, oven cleaner, bleach, and drain cleaner.
Columbus City Schools
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013
19
Activity B:
More accurate pH
Get the Gizmo ready:
Click Reset.
Select the 4.5-7.5 paper.
Goal: Find the pH of substances in a more accurate way. 1. Test: Before you begin testing with the 4.5-7.5 paper, list the pH values of the substances below that you
found using the 0-14 pH indicator paper. Then find the pH of each substance with the 4.5-7.5 paper.
4.5-7.5 pH indicator paper
Material in the tube pH value (0 to 14 paper) pH value (4.5 to 7.5 paper)
Coffee 5 5
Milk 6 or 7 6.5
Oven cleaner 13 or 14 7.5*
Saliva (human) 6 or 7 6.5
Shampoo 6 or 7 7
Stomach acid 1 4.5*
Water (distilled) 6 or 7 7
*Substances with a pH below 4.5 or above 7.5 cannot be measured accurately with the 4.5-7.5 indicator paper.
2. Analyze: Compare the pH values in each column.
A. How do these values compare?
Most of the values are the same or nearly the same, but some are very different. B. What is an advantage of using the 4.5-7.5 paper?
It gives a more accurate pH value for substances with a pH between 4.5 and 7.5. C. What is a disadvantage of using the 4.5-7.5 paper?
The pH paper does not work for substances whose pH is not between 4.5 and 7.5. D. Given the results from two kinds of indicator paper, which substances appear to be neutral (pH =
7)? Shampoo and distilled water appear to be neutral.
Columbus City Schools
Curriculum Leadership and Development Science Department June 2013