7th Chapter 10 Notes

7/30/2019 7th Chapter 10 Notes

1/42


2/42

10. 1 Introduction

The Islamic world flourished by learning from theGreeks, Chinese, and Hindus and spread from Spain toBaghdad.

What are some words we get from the Muslim world?

What were some of the Muslim achievements?


3/42

10.2 What Was the Flowering of the

Islamic Civilization? By the 8th C., Spain, N. Africa, & much of W. & C. Asia came

under Muslim rule, which flowered over the next 500 years.

Where did the Umayyads reestablish their capitol?

In 762 Abbasids made Baghdad the capital, which b/c one

of the worlds biggest cities. In 10th C, the Fatimids built capital in Cairo that had huge

university.

Besides Muslims, who else was present in Cairo?

In Spain, Muslim capitol Cordoba b/c one of biggest &wealthiest cities in the world.


4/42

Baghdad, Cordoba, and Cairo


5/42

The Abbasids


6/42

Fatimid Mosque in Cairo


7/42

Fatimid University in Cairo


8/42

The Great Mosque at Cordoba


9/42

10.2 continued

Ideas and goods spread along Muslim trade routes toEurope, Africa, and Asia.

Muslims learned paper-making from the Chinese andpassed it to the Europeans.

Which types of texts did the Muslims produce that were

based on earlier Greek texts? Science, medicine, and philosophy

Where did most Muslims come from?

They were Egyptians, Turks, North Africans, Persians


10/42

Islamic Trade Routes


11/42

10.3 How Was the City Building and

Architecture?

What Was Baghdad?

Abbasid caliph decided to move the capital fromDamascus to Baghdad which was along traderoutes.

Where was Baghdad located?

Took 10,000 laborers 4 years to build the roundcity.

Shops, markets, and houses grew up outside thecity walls complete with bridges, palaces, andgardens.


12/42

How Were the Mosques?

Whats a mosque?

Usually had a minaret w/ a balcony and afountain in a courtyard for washing hands b/f

prayers. Why did the minarets have a balcony?

Inside there was a prayer room w/ a raised

pulpit for the imam which was next to themihrab.

What is the mihrab?


13/42


14/42


15/42


16/42

Minbars


17/42

Mihrab


18/42

10.4 What Was Scholarship and

Learning? Arabic b/c the language of learning in the Muslim lands.

Muslim rulers built schools, colleges, libraries & othercenters of learning.

What was the House of Wisdom and what took place

there? Many Muslims studied Greeks philosophers.

What did Ibn Sina and Al Kindi have in common with St.Thomas Aquinas?

Ibn Sina was most famous philosopher who stated that all

knowledge came from God and that truth could be knownfrom revelation and reason.

Al Kindi blended reason and faith by stating that reasonhelps understanding Gods revelations.


19/42

Whats left of the House of Wisdom


20/42

Ibn Sina


21/42

Al-Kindi


22/42

10.5 How Did They Contribute to

Science and Technology? Muslims studies animals, built zoos, and even presented

theories about evolution.

They made advancements in astronomy such as creatingthe compass and astrolabe.

How were these helpful in regards to religion? What else did they figure out?

They studied the universe and figured the Earth rotated;questioned the idea of the center of the universe.

Made advancements in irrigation; dams, aqueducts, wells,

reservoirs, water wheels etc. Whats a water wheel?


23/42

Study of Zoology


24/42

Compass and Astrolabe


25/42


Geography and Navigation?

Muslim geographers examined plants andanimals in different regions and divided the worldinto different climate zones.

How close did the Muslims come in calculatingthe Earths circumference?

They used geography to make very accuratemaps.

How was their mastery of geography displayed?

They wrote guidebooks, explored foreign lands,and used the compass and astrolabe to guidethem on journeys.


26/42

This is how they measured the Earths

circumference


27/42

The Book of Roads and Provinces


28/42

Ancient Muslim Map


29/42

10.7 What Were the Advancements in

Math?

Most of Islamic math was based on Indian andGreek discoveries with their ownadvancements.

Al-Khwarizmi created algebra and his bookshelped popularize Arabic numbers which werea big help to business and trade.

How did they help? They named and helped spread the concept of

zero which helped distinguish large numbers.


30/42

This is how the numbers evolved


31/42


32/42


Medicine? They learned from Greeks, Mesopotamians, and Egyptians.

They made the first hospitals (10th C. Baghdad had 5).

Who paid the expenses?

Caravans brought treatment to remote villages.

What did treatments and remedies consist of? Treatments consisted of drugs, diet, & exercise.

Used hundreds of remedies such as herbs, plants, animals,and minerals.

They performed operations and discovered that bacteriacaused infections.

Translated many medical texts.


33/42

Muslim Doctors


34/42

Muslim Hospital


35/42

A Page fromthe Canons

of Medicine


36/42

Muslim surgical tools


37/42

10.9 What Were Their Contributions to

Bookmaking and Literature? In the 8th C. they learned the art of papermaking from the Chinese

which turned into bookmaking, which influenced literature.

What did the books look like?

Books became big business for the Muslim world.

Arab poetry often honored love, praised rulers, or celebrated wit.

What is the most famous collection of Arabic stories?

Muslim literature was enriched by Sufism, or Islamic mysticism.

What is Islamic Mysticism?

Usually poems involving intense personal experiences with God.


38/42


39/42

Rumi, the Sufi poet


40/42

10.10 How Did They Contribute to Art

and Music? Calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing, was used to decorate

everyday items.

Why were calligraphers ranked higher than artists?

Textiles, manufactured cloths, were often used as trade goods. Theelegance of these served as status symbols.

Which types of materials were used? Muslims were famous for making art out of flowers, geometry,

arabesque designs and natural patterns.

Music was an essential part of Muslim culture.

What did Ziryab establish in Spain?


41/42


42/42


Recreation?

Muslims first learned about the game of Polo

from the Persians.

What is polo?

Horses were a status symbol and very popular

with the rich.

Chess was also introduced by the Persians.

Women and slaves were allowed to play

chess.

7th Chapter 10 Notes

Documents