BIOLOGY 11 2021-04-01 Page 1 of 23 Unit 7 ~ Learning Guide Name:________________ INSTRUCTIONS Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions about anything that you don't understand BEFORE you write the unit test. 7.1 Introduction to Sponges Phylum Porifera The simplicity of this group led to the frustration of scientists such as Carter for many years. _________ (_________) organisms that _______________ ______________ are not usually characteristics of an _________. For these reasons Porifera were often classified as ______. However, upon examination of their __________ and ______________________ it was determined that _________________. The term ___________________________. The ¨pore bearers¨ are the sponges and are thought to be one of the ________________ _________. Fossils of sponge spicules have been found in the precambrian era rock layers dating back to 600 million years ago. It is the sponges with a _________ skeleton that are dried and used ___________. The skeleton of these animals was used as a _____________ before synthetic sponges became common. They can still sometimes be purchased as a ¨sea sponge¨ for _________________ or you may find that the sponge that you have been bathing with is really an animal. Did you know that the bath sponge actually received its name from the animal and not the other way around? There are about _______ different species of Sponges. SIZE Sponges range in size from as small as 0.5 cm tall to as large as _________________.
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BIOLOGY 11
2021-04-01 Page 1 of 23
Unit 7 ~ Learning Guide Name:________________ INSTRUCTIONS Complete the following notes and questions as you work through the related lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions about anything that you don't understand BEFORE you write the unit test.
7.1 Introduction to Sponges
Phylum Porifera
The simplicity of this group led to the frustration of scientists such as Carter
for many years. _________ (_________) organisms that _______________
______________ are not usually characteristics of an _________. For these
reasons Porifera were often classified as
______. However, upon examination of their
__________ and ______________________
it was determined that _________________.
The term ___________________________.
The ¨pore bearers¨ are the sponges and are
thought to be one of the ________________
_________. Fossils of sponge spicules have been found in the precambrian era rock layers dating
back to 600 million years ago.
It is the sponges with a _________ skeleton that are dried and
used ___________. The skeleton of these animals was used as
a _____________ before synthetic sponges became common.
They can still sometimes be purchased as a ¨sea sponge¨ for
_________________ or you may find that the sponge that you
have been bathing with is really an animal. Did you know that
the bath sponge actually received its name from the animal
and not the other way around?
There are about _______ different species of Sponges.
SIZE
Sponges range in size from as small as 0.5 cm tall to as large
as _________________.
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HABITAT
Mostly __________________________ (marine = salt water)
Some __________ species do exist. example: _________
BODY ORGANIZATION
Sponges have __________________________________ because they have ________________.
In other words, they have _______________. Sponges are ____________________. In addition,
they _______________________________________, (__________________) making them the
_______________________. Sponges have __________________________________________
____________________ either occurs by ___________________________. In fragmentation, a
_____________________________________. In ________, the animal reproduces by growing a
____________ from the ______________ that eventually detaches. During sexual reproduction,
an _______________ combine to form a ________________ which can ___________________.
Sexual reproduction – ________________________________.
_____________________________________________.
Sponges are ____________ meaning a sponge can ____________________________.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• ______________________
• gas exchange directly between cells and water by ____________ (O2 _______________
and CO2 _________________).
• water enters via _____________ (______) = ____________
• water ________________________ (_____________) = ______________
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• __________________
• specialized cells = __________________________ to other cells in the sponge.
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• ____________________
• specialized cells = ______________________________ from other cells in the sponge or
the _________________________ from individual cells _________________________.
Wastes are then ___________________________________________ by water currents.
• Water enter via _______ = ______________.
• Water exits via _____________ = ___________________.
NERVOUS SYSTEM – _______________
MUSCULAR SYSTEM – _______________
SKELETAL SYSTEM – ______________
7.1 Questions:
1) What is a sea sponge? (1 mark) 2) What does a collar cell look like? What is its function? (1 mark)
3) How do sea sponges reproduce? (1 marks) 4) Fill out the table below with a brief description of each of the systems in porifera. Be sure to mention any notable structures within these systems. (6 marks)
System Description
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
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Nervous System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
7.2 Characteristics of Cniderians
The Phylum Cnidaria includes animals such as _______________________________________.
_________________ the creatures' "____________" and they are commonly called ¨sea nettles¨.
Nettles are a stinging plant.
Cnidarians are further up the "evolution ladder" meaning they are _________________________
(sponges).
There is estimated to be approximately ___________ species of Cnidarians.
The habitat for most cnidarians is _____________ (marine = salt water) but some species live in
_____________.
Many Cnidarians are _______________________________________. The ____________ form
(______________) ____________ (moving) while the ______ form (vase-shaped) ___________
(non-moving).
__________________________________
throughout their life cycle showing an
_________________________. The mouth
faces upwards in the polyp form and faces
downward in the medusa form.
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Cnidarian have an ______________________. The _________________________ is made of
________ while the _____________________ is made of __________. These ____________
lead to a ________________________. There is also a ______________________________ of
the body called __________. The gastrodermis lines the center of the body called the
______________ which results in a __________________. In a sac body plan
-No muscle cells but some cells can contract and relax (e.g. in the tentacles).
SKELETAL SYSTEM – _____________.
NERVOUS SYSTEM – a ________________.
-A ____________ that react to presence of food and danger for the
purposes of feeding and protection.
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Many cnidarians alternate between medusa and polyp forms in their life cycle. Reproduction
takes place _________________________ by budding.
7.2 Questions:
1) What is a cnidaria known for? Name some examples. (1 mark) 2) Describe what causes the “sting” from a jellyfish, and how the structure functions. (2 marks) 3) Is a Jellyfish free-swimming for its whole life? Explain why or why not. (2 marks) 4) Fill out the table below with a brief description of each of the systems in cnidaria. Be sure to mention any notable structures within these systems. (7 marks)
System Description
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Nervous System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Reproductive System
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7.3 Flatworms
____________ (phylum ________________) are a step "up" the ladder of evolution being _____
_________________________________.
Flatworms have a _______________. This body plan means they have ________________ that
__________________________________. However, flatworms are ___________________ and
___________________. Having three germ layers allows for greater tissue specialization giving
7.3 Questions 1) What is a flatworm? (1 mark) 2) What body plan is present in a flatworm? Why is this important? (1 mark) 3) Fill out the table below with a brief description of each of the systems in a flatworm. Be sure to mention any notable structures within these systems. (7 marks)
System Description
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Nervous System
Muscular System
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Skeletal System
Reproductive System
4) Briefly describe the lifecycle of a tapeworm. Hint: It may help to draw out the lifecycle. (2 marks)
7.4 Roundworms
Roundworms belong to the Phylum __________ (also called ___________________).
Nematodes are the most speciose phylum after the arthropods. They _____
7.4 Questions 1) Describe a roundworm. (1 mark) 2) Fill out the table below with a brief description of each of the systems in a roundworm. Be sure to mention any notable structures within these systems. (7 marks) System Description
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Nervous System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Reproductive System
3) Describe the lifecycle of a parasitic roundworm. Provide an example. (2 marks)
7.5 Segmented Worms
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The _________________________ include animals such as the __________________________
worms. The general characteristics of an Annelid are ___________________________. They are
Earthworms _________________(an individual worm _____________________________) by
aligning head regions with clitellums. Two earthworms press their ventral surfaces together with
the anterior ends pointing in opposite directions. The __________________________________
_______________________. Each earthworm injects sperm into the mucus which moves into a
pouchlike seminal receptacle of each worm. __________________________________________
_________________ (thick carbohydrate) which picks up the worms eggs and stored sperm. The
_____________________________________________. The tube closes up to form a protective
case for 2-3 weeks until the young worms hatch.
7.5 Questions
1) Describe a segmented worm. Provide an example. (1 mark) 2) Fill out the table below with a brief description of each of the systems in an earthworm. Be sure to mention any notable structures within these systems. (7 marks)
System Description
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Nervous System
Muscular System
Skeletal System
Reproductive System
3) Why is an earthworm important to humans? (1 mark)