7.1 © 2007 by Prentice Hall 7 Chapter Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology.

7.1 © 2007 by Prentice Hall

77ChapterChapter

Telecommunications, Telecommunications, the Internet, and the Internet, and

Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology

Telecommunications, Telecommunications, the Internet, and the Internet, and

Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology


LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyChapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology

• Describe the features of telecommunications networks and identify key networking technologies.

• Evaluate alternative transmission media, types of networks, and network services.

• Demonstrate how the Internet and Internet technology work and how they support communication and e-business.


LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont’d)


• Identify and describe the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking, communication, and Internet access.

• Assess the business value of wireless technology and important wireless applications in business.


Hyatt Regency Osaka Uses Wireless Networking for High-Touch Service

• Problem: Overcoming poor location and steep competition.

• Solutions: Deploy IP network, wireless LAN, and wireless clients with links to customer database to increase service and revenue.

• Wireless mobile access to customer systems and wireless data and voice services enable employees to work more efficiently and focus on customers.

• Demonstrates IT’s role in providing superior customer service and redesigning processes and job functions.

• Illustrates digital technology’s ability to overcome business weaknesses by creating new strengths.



TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING IN TODAY’S BUSINESS WORLD


• A networking and communications revolution led

by Internet-based technologies

• 1 billion instant messages per day

• 4 billion e-mails each day

• 65 million music files downloaded




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• Estimated 3.9 billion photos sent over the Internet

• $769 billion spent in the United States on

telecommunications equipment and services

• Today, networking and the Internet are

synonymous with doing business.


CONTEMPORARY NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE

Management Information SystemsManagement Information SystemsChapter 8Chapter 8

Telecommunications, Networks, and the InternetTelecommunications, Networks, and the Internet

• A network consists of two or more connected computers.

• Each computer on the network contains a network interface device called a network interface card (NIC).

• The connection medium for linking network components can be a telephone wire, coaxial cable, or radio signal in the case of cell phone and wireless local area networks.

Networks and Corporate Infrastructure





• The network operating system (NOS) routes and manages communications on the network and coordinates network resources.

• Networks also contain a switch or a hub acting as a connection point between the computers.

• Hubs are very simple devices that connect network components, sending a packet of data to all other connected devices.

Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued)





• A switch has more intelligence than a hub and can filter and forward data to a specified destination. Switches are used within individual networks.

• A router is a special communications processor used to route packets of data through different networks, ensuring that the message sent gets to the correct address.

Networks and Corporate Infrastructure (Continued)




Components of a Simple Network


Figure 7-1




• Telecommunications environment provides connectivity by providing communication channels for text, voice, and video images.

• The network infrastructure for a large corporation consists of many different kinds of networks for both data and voice communication.

• Most of these different kinds of networks are moving towards a common Internet foundation.

The Business Telecommunications Environment





Corporate Network Infrastructure

Figure 7-2





• Client/Server Computing

• TCP/IP and Connectivity

Key Digital Networking Technologies




• Client/server computing is a distributed computing model in which much of the processing power is located within small, inexpensive client computers.

• The powerful clients are linked to one another through a network that is controlled by a network server computer.

• The server sets the rules of communication for the network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network.

Client/Server Computing:




netnet

• TCP/IP is the communications protocol used by the Internet and all Internet devices.

• TCP/IP provides for breaking up digital messages into packets, routing them to the proper addresses, and then reassembling them into coherent messages.

• TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols: TCP and IP.

TCP/IP and Connectivity:




• Handles the movement of data between computers

• Establishes a connection between the computers,

sequences the transfer of packets, and

acknowledges the packets sent

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):




• Responsible for the delivery of packets

• Includes the disassembling and reassembling of

packets during transmission

Internet Protocol (IP):



Functions of the Modem


Figure 8-7



Types of Networks


Type Area

Local Area Network (LAN) Up to 500 meters (half a mile); an office or floor of a building

Campus Area Network (CAN) Up to 1,000 meters (a mile); a college campus or corporate facility

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A city or metropolitan area

Wide Area Network (WAN) Transcontinental or global area


• A LAN connects computers and other digital devices within a short distance (One building or several buildings in close proximity).

• It allows all computer users to connect with each other to share information and devices, such as printers.

• Cabling or wireless technology links computers, network interface cards, and software

• Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard.

Local Area Networks

Management Information Systems Management Information Systems Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless TechnologyChapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology




• Twisted WireCopper wire twisted in pairsOlder analog transmission mediumCan be used for digital signals

• Coaxial CableInsulated copper wireFaster, more interference-free than twisted pairDifficult to install; doesn’t support analog signals

Physical Transmission Media

The different kinds of physical transmission media used by the networks are:


• Fiber Optics and Optical Networks• Strands of clear glass fiber bound into cables• Has the greatest capacity of the telecommunications media. • A fast, light and durable transmission medium. • Can transfer large volume of data. • More expensive, harder to install. • Wireless Transmission

Physical Transmission Media




Transmission Speed

• Bandwidth -The capacity for information flow over a telecommunications channel, measured by bits per second (BPS).

• This is the frequency range of a telecommunications channel; it determines the channel’s maximum transmission rate.



Transmission Speed

Transmission Media

Twisted wire Up to 100 Mbps Low cost

Coaxial cable Up to 1Gbps

Fiber-optic cable Up to 6+ Tbps High cost



THE INTERNET


• A network composed of computers and other

devices that are logically linked together by a

unique address space based on the Internet

Protocol

THE INTERNET

Technically, the Internet is a global information system

defined by three characteristics:


THE INTERNET (Continued)


• A network where network devices are able to

support communications using TCP/IP or other

compatible protocols

• A network that provides high-level services layered

on a communication and network infrastructure


THE INTERNET


• A Domain Name System (DNS) converts IP addresses to English-like domain names.

• The domain name is the name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet.

Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance

Every device connected to the Internet has a unique 32-bit numeric IP address.

The Domain Name System:


THE INTERNET


• DNS servers maintain a database containing IP

addresses mapped to their corresponding domain

names.

• To access a computer on the Internet, users need

only specify its domain name.

Internet Addressing, Architecture, and Governance (Continued)

The Domain Name System:



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The Domain Name System

THE INTERNET

Figure 7-8


THE INTERNET


Internet Architecture: Internet Network Architecture

Figure 7-9


THE INTERNET


• Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

Internet Governance:

No one “owns” the Internet, however, worldwide

Internet policies are established by the following

organizations:


THE INTERNET


• Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC)

• Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG)

• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

• Internet Society (ISOC)

• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Internet Governance: (Continued)


THE INTERNET


• E-mail: Person-to-person messaging; document sharing

• Usenet newsgroups: Discussion groups on electronic bulletin boards

• LISTSERVs: Discussion groups using e-mail mailing list servers

• Chatting and instant messaging: Interactive conversations

Major Internet Services

Table 8-6


THE INTERNET


• Telnet: Logging on to one computer system and

doing work on another

• FTP: Transferring files from computer to computer

• World Wide Web: Retrieving, formatting, and

displaying information (including text, audio,

graphics, and video) using hypertext links

Major Internet Services (Continued)

Table 8-6 (Continued)


THE INTERNET


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The World Wide Web:

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): communications standard used to transfer pages on the Web.

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

• Web servers

The Internet and Business Value


THE INTERNET


• The Internet lowers search costs

• Search engines

• Intelligent agents and shopping bots

Searching for information on the Web


THE INTERNET


Intranets:

• An intranet is an internal organizational network that provides access to data across a business firm.

Extranets:

• Allow authorized vendors and customers to have limited access to its internal intranet

Intranets and Extranets


TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATIONAND E-BUSINESS


• Groupware: Provides capabilities for supporting

enterprise-wide communication and

collaborative work

• Teamware: Enables companies to implement

collaboration applications easily that can be

accessed using Web browser software

Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing




• Electronic conferencing tools: Provides a virtual

conference table where participants can view and

modify documents and slides or share their

thoughts and comments using chat, audio, or video

Groupware, Teamware, and Electronic Conferencing(Continued)




• Internet telephony: Enable companies to use Internet

technology for telephone voice transmission over the

Internet or private networks

• Voice over IP (VoIP) technology: Uses the Internet

Protocol (IP) to deliver voice information in digital form

using packet switching

Internet Telephony



How IP Telephony Works


Figure 7-13




• A virtual private network based on the Internet

Protocol provides a secure connection between

two points across the Internet, enabling private

communications to travel securely over the

public infrastructure

Virtual Private Networks



A Virtual Private Network using the Internet


Figure 7-14


The Wireless Revolution The Wireless Revolution

• Mobile phones have become mobile platforms for delivering digital data, used for recording and downloading photos, video and music, Internet access, and transmitting payments.

• An array of technologies provides high-speed wireless access to the Internet for PCs and other wireless handheld devices and cell phones.

• Businesses increasingly use wireless to cut costs, increase flexibility, and create new products and services.

THE WIRELESS COMPUTING LANDSCAPE


n n


• Microwave systems transmit high-frequency radio signals through the atmosphere.

• Communication satellites are used for geographically dispersed organizations.


Wireless Transmission Media and Devices Wireless Transmission Media and Devices




Devices for Wireless Transmission:

• Paging systems

• E-mail handhelds

• Cellular telephones

• Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

• Smart phones




Standards:

• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)

• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Cellular Network Standards and Generations Cellular Network Standards and Generations




Cellular Generations:

• 1G: Analog cellular networks for voice communication

• 2G: Digital wireless networks, primarily for voice communication; limited data transmission capability




• 2.5G: Interim step toward 3G in the United States

• 3G: High-speed; mobile; supports video and

other rich media; always-on transmission for e-

mail, Web browsing, instant messaging


Cellular Generations: (Continued)



Mobile Wireless Standards for Web Access

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): Uses Wireless Markup Language (WML) and microbrowsers

• I-mode: Uses compact HTML and allows for continuous connection



Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) versus I-mode


Figure 7-15



WIRELESS COMPUTER NETWORKS AND INTERNET ACCESS

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a hierarchy of complementary standards for established a hierarchy of complementary standards for wireless computer networks. wireless computer networks.

Global Wireless Network Standards:

• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) for the Personal Area Network (PAN)

• IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) for the Local Area Network (LAN)


Table 9-2



• IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) for the Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

• IEEE 802.20 (proposed) standard for the Wide Area Network (WAN)


Table 9-2 (Continued)

Global Wireless Network Standards: (Continued)



Bluetooth

• Can link up to 8 devices in 10-m area

• Low power requirements




Wi-Fi

• Three standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g

• Infrastructure mode: Devices use access point to communicate with wired network

• Ad-hoc mode (peer-to-peer): Wireless devices communicate directly with each other



A Bluetooth Network (PAN)


Figure 7-16



Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems: Provide a powerful technology for tracking the movement of goods throughout the supply chain

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE



How RFID Works

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ENTERPRISE

Figure 7-18


7.1 © 2007 by Prentice Hall 7 Chapter Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology.

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