-
963963963963963
;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb
zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf
sfsL{
cfb]z ldlt M @)^(.*.@*.%l/6 g+= )^*WF)))&
d'2f M pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z;d]t .
lgj]bs M lhNnf k]Gb ]xL, l;4fy{gu/gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= & df
cjl:yt lgw{gpTyfg a}+s ln=, s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf tkm{af6tyf cfkm\gf]
xsdf ;d]t P]= a}+ssf dxfk|aGwsk|sfz/fh zdf{
la4ljkIfL M d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L, >d cbfnt,sf7df8f}+;d]t
;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{k|s[lt,To;leq cfa4 hgzlQm /
pgLxsf];]jf ;'/Iff;d]tsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/gagfO{ k|lti7fg zAbsf]
;txLJofVofsf e/df ;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ Pp6}b [ li6sf ]0fn ] x ] l/g '
Gofof ] lrt /Jojxfl/s;d]t x'g g;Sg] .
>d P]gn] >ldssf] xs, lxt, ;'/Iff,;]jf, zt{, ljjfb
;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof /;+oGq;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To:t}Joj:yf cGo
P]g jf sfg"gf/f ul/Psf]cj:yfdf To:tf sfg"gf/f ;+:yflktk|lti7fg jf
;+:yf jf kmd{ jf sDkgLdfsfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf] xsdf >d P]g
cfslif{t x'g] egL To:tf] k|lti7fg,;+:yf jf kmd{ ;+:yflkt ug]{
sfg"gnfO{cy{xLg / cf}lrToxLg t'Nofpg] u/Lsfg"gsf] JofVof ul/g'
x'Fb}g . To:tf;+:yfxsf] xsdf >d P]g xf]Og, ToxLsfg"g cfslif{t
x'g] .
-k|s/0f g+=^_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] xsdf
lgodgsf/L lgsfosf kdf g]kfn/fi6 a}+s /xg], To:tf ;+:yfn]
agfPsf]ljlgod;d]t g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[tu/fpg' kg]{;d]tsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf]x' Fbf To:tf ;+:yfsf] xsdf >dP]gcg';f/ >d
sfof{noxn] lgodgug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg gcfpg] .
h'g sfg"gcg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ePsf]xf], To;df cjnDag ug'{kg]{
sfo{ljlwklg :jefjtM ;f]xL sfg"gn] lgwf{/0fu/]adf]lhd g} x'G5 /
;f]pk/sf] pkrf/klg ;f]xL sfg"gn] tf]s]cg';f/ g} vf]Hg'kg]{ .
;DalGwt sfg"gn] ;hfosf] dfqJoj:yf u/L To;pk/
k'g/fj]bg;'Gg];DaGwL Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfeP :jefjtM k|rlnt sfg"gn]
tf]s]sf]cGo k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ afWotfl;h{gf x'g hfg] .
-k|s/0f g+=!!_ cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf] ljlgodfjnLdf
g } ;hfopk/ k 'g/fj ]bg ; ' Gg ]clwsf/L;d]t lglZrt\ ul/Psf
]cj:yfdf To:tf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cg'z/0f ug'{ ;DalGwt
sd{rf/Lsf]st{Jo aGb5 . ;+:yfsf] ljlgodfjnLdf/x]sf] :ki6 sfg"gL
k|fjwfgnfO{ Psflt/
lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+=
()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
964964964964964
k~5fP/ cGo P]g sfg"gcGtu{tsf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g .
o;sf]cltl/Qm cfkm" sfo{/t\ /x]sf] cj:yf;Dd;f]xL ljlgodcGtu{tsf]
;]jf, zt{ /;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug]{ t/ cfkm"nfO{sf/jfxL ePkl5 eg] pQm
sfg"gn]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/af6pkrf/ vf]lhg'nfO{ sfg"g
cg's"n dfGgg;lsg] .
s'g} klg sfg"g ab/ 3f]lift gx'Fbf;Ddj}w sfg"gsf kdf /xG5 .
To:tf] j}wsfg"gnfO{ Pp6f lglZrt cj:yf;Ddcg'z/0f ug]{ /
cfkm\gf]k|lts"n lg0f{oePkl5 To;nfO{ k"0f{tM OGsf/ ug]{k|j[lQnfO{
;]jf sfg"g -Service Law_;DaGwL l;4fGtn] klg :jLsf/ gug]{ .
-k|s/0f g+=!@_ s'g} klg sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" cfa4
;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgoddf lglZrt\ul/Pcg'k g} ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]
bfjLug{ ;lsg] / cfkm\gf] cfr/0f /ljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwL
Joj:yfsf]xsdf klg ;f]xL ljlgodsf k|fawfgcfslif {t x 'g ] x ' Fbf
To:tf ] j }wsfg"gcGtu{t ul/Psf] sf/jfxLpk/sf]pkrf/ klg To;}cGtu{t
vf]lhg' kg]{ .
-k|s/0f g+=!^_ cfkm"n] Goflos clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf]
ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dIf d'2f k'uL;jf]{Rr Goflos lgsfon]
lglZrt\ dfu{bz{g x'g] u/L l;4fGt k|ltkfbgul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf tL
l;4fGtxsf]kfngf / cg'z/0f ul/g' ;a} Gofloslgsfosf] st{Jo x'g] .
-k|s/0f g+=!(_
lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 M ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfoab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ /
kjgs'df/ cf]emf,clwjQmfx s]z/d0fL cof{n, ljj]sl3ld/], bLks l3ld/] /
k"0f{rGb| bfxfn
ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 M ljfg pkGofoflwjQmfdbgaxfb'/ wfdL, ljfg
clwjQmfo/fhg clwsf/L / /fdxl/ lqkf7L
cjnlDat ghL/ Mg]sfk @)%^, c ^, lg=g+=^!
;Da4 sfg"g M >d P]g, @)$*, ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfn M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -@_cGtu{t o; cbfntdf
bfo/ e} k]z x'Fbf o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 hl6n sfg"gLk|Zgsf]
lgk0f u/L Pp6f lglZrt l;4fGt:yflkt u/L Psktf sfod ug'{ kg]{
egL;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod# sf] pklgod -!_-3_ adf]lhd
k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug'{ egL ePsf] cfb]zadf]lhd o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g
cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf//x]sf] 5
M
lgj]bs a}+s tTsfnLg ljsf; a}+s P]g,@)%@ xfn k|rlnt a} +s tyf
ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# tyf sDkgL P]g,@)%# -xfnsf] sDkgL P]g,
@)^#_ adf]lhdg]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ljkGgju{sf
dlxnfxnfO{ ;d"xdf cfa4 ub}{ shf{k|jfxsf] dfWodaf6 pBdzLntf
a9fpg]p2]Zon] :yflkt ;+:yf xf] . a}+sn] cfkm\gf] sfo{;~rfng ug{
cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lx a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]
bkmf
-
965965965965965
(! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;~rfns;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f eO{ g]kfn
/fi6 a}+saf6:jLs[lt lnO{ bkmf (!-@_-u_ adf]lhdsd{rf/LxnfO{ nfu"
x'g] u/L sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL, @)^! nfu" /x]sf] /
;f]xLljlgodfjnLadf]lhd kbk"lt{, ljefuLo sf/jfxL/ ;hfo;d]t ub}{
cfPsf] 5 .
ljkIfL k] |dk|;fb l3ld/] a} +ssf ]ljlgodfjnLcGtu{t o; a}+ssf]
;xfos:t/dflgo'lQm eO{ sfo{/t\\ /x]sf]df lghn] pQmljlgodfjnLdf
tf]lsPsf] Joj:yfljk/Lt v/facfr/0f cfly{s clgoldttf / ckrng
u/La}+ssf] ljQLo cg'zf;g e u/L a}+snfO{ xflggf]S;fgL k'ofPsf] x'Fbf
sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_ adf]lhdsf]s;"/df
clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{ocg';f/lghnfO{ o; a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6
a/vf:t ug]{ u/Lldlt @)^$.%.@^ df lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lg0f{opk/
lghn] >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bgu/]sf]df pQm cbfntaf6 ldlt
@)^%.#.@& dfkm};nf x'Fbf a}+s Joj:yfkgsf] ldlt @)^$.%.@^sf] ;f]
lg0f{o ab/ u/L lgh ljkIfL k]|dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ o; a}+ssf] ;]jfdf
k"j{jt\kdf axfnu/L ;a} ;]jf ;'ljwf;d]t e/fO{ kfpg] 7x/ePsf] /x]5 .
>d cbfntsf] pQm km};nfdfd"ntM >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %# sf]
sfg"gLk|lqmofcg'k a}+s Joj:yfkgaf6 sf/jfxLgePsf] eGg] cfwf/ u|x0f
ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#cGtu{t ;~rflnt
o; a}+ssf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL ;f]xL P]gsf] clVtof/LcGtu{t
/fi6a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ hf/L ePsf], o:tf] 5'}P]gf/f lgoldt /
;~rflnt a}+snfO{ >d P]g,@)$* n] kl/efiff u/]sf] k|lti7fgcGtu{t
kg]{u/L >d cbfntn] unt JofVof u/L nfUb}
gnfUg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg ;dfO{ km};nf u/]sf]5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#ljz]if k|s[ltsf] P]g ePsf]df ;f]xL
P]gcGtu{tag]sf] ljlgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ljkIfLk]|dk|;fb
l3ld/]pk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLnfO{ >dP]g, @)$* cGtu{t sfo{ljlwcg'k
gePsf]eGg] unt JofVof u/L ePsf] >d cbfntsf]km};nf sfg"gL
q'l6k"0f{ / clwsf/If]q laxLg;d]t5 .
a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!adf]lhd ul/Psf] sf/jfxLdf lrQ
ga'em]dfljlgod (& adf ]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L;dIf k'g/fj]bg
ug{ kfpg] Joj:yfljBdfg 5 . t/ ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]n];f]cg'k
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L;dIfk'g/fj]bg gu/L Dofb g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg
u/]sf]dflghsf] k'g/fj]bg b/kL7 eP/ /x]sf] 5 . Pp6fljlwjt\
k|lqmofaf6 lghsf] k'g/fj]bg nfUg]cj:yf JotLt ePkl5 lghn] >d P]g,
@)$*sf] ;xf/f lnO{ >d cbfnt;dIf bf]>f] k'g/fj]bgu/]sf]
b]lvgfn] To;/L k/]sf] bf]xf]/f] k'g/fj]bgdfsf/jfxL u/L >d
cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o q'l6k"0f{5 . a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLcg'k
ePsfsfdsf/jfxLpk/ >d P]gcGtu{t >d cbfntn]k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg
ldNb}g .
ljgo /]UdL lj4 >d cbfnt ePsf]@)%* ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #)&$ sf]
pTk]|if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z d'2fdf;d]t a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf>d P]g,
@)$* geO{ jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#!nfu" x'g] egL l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf]
5 .jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#! sf] 7fpFdf nfu" ePsf]a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#cGtu{t ag ]sf ] o; a } +ssf ]
sd{rf/LljlgodfjnLcGtu{t ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ >dP]g nfu" x'G5 eGg'
pQm l;4fGtk|lts"n x'G5 .
()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt,
sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj=
>d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s
ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
966966966966966
ctM ljkIfL >d cbfntn] ljz]ifk|s[ltsf] P]g nfu" ePsf]
cj:yfnfO{ cgb]vfu/L a}+ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g g;Sg] >d P]g,@)$* sf]
Joj:yf nfu" x'g] eGg] unt JofVofu/L ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ o;
a}+ssf];]jfdf axfn ug]{ u/L u/]sf] pQm ldlt@)^%.#.@& sf] km};nf
q'6Lk"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] j]/Ltsf]km};nf pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L
kfpFm .;fy} o; l/6 lgj]bgsf] 6'f] gnfu];Dd ;f]km};nf sfof{Gjog
gug'{ egL ljkIfL >dcbfntsf] gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/Lu/L kfpmF
eGg] @)^%.$.@& sf] l/6 lgj]bg .
o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L
x'g gkg]{ sf/0feP v'nfO{ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkIfLxnfO{ ;"rgf
k7fpg' . ;fy} a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgn]
cjsfzlbPsf] ;DaGwdf >d cbfntnfO{ k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/If]q
gePsf] eGg] sfg"gL k|Zgsf]ljjfb x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd
lsgf/fgnfu];Dd >d cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.#.@&sf] km};nf
sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egLcGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/Psf] 5
eGg]@)^%.$.@* sf] cfb]z .
o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^%.#.@& dfePsf] km};nf >d sfg"g tyf
Gofosf dfGol;4fGtcg'k ePsf] / To;af6 lgj]bssf];+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL
xs xgg\ ePsf]cj:yf;d]t gx'Fbf l/6 vf/]h u/L kfpFm
eGg];d]tJoxf]/fsf] >d cbfntsf tkm{af6 k]z x'gcfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm
.
dnfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ubf{clwsf/k|fKt JolQmn] :ki6Ls/0f
;f]Wg], ;f]xLJolQmn] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df
dnfO{s]zjs'df/ kf}8]n, k|sfz/fh zdf{ / ef]h/fh
a:ofn;d]tn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf], ef]h/fha:ofnn] l6Kk0fL k]z
u/]sf], k|sfz/fh zdf{n]k]z u/]sf] l;kmfl/zdf sfo{sf/L cWoIf
xl/x/b]jkGtf/f avf{:tLsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] / k|sfz/fhzdf{n] dnfO{
avf{:tLsf] kq lbPsf] x'Fbf dpk/ePsf] sf/jfxL q'l6k"0f{ eGg] b]lvG5
. lgj]bsa}+s sDkgL P]g, @)%# adf]lhd u7g eO{ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@
adf]lhd a}+ls ;]jfug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt sDkgL xf] . o:tf
sDkgLdfsfo{/t\\ sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ >dP]g, @)$* adf]lhd
>d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] Joj:yf 5 . >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf
@-v_ sf] kl/efiffcGtu{t l/6 lgj]bs a}+s :jtMkb{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf;DaGwL P]g,@)^# cGtu{tsf] a}+ssf sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf]sf/jfxLdf
>d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUb}geGg] lgj]bg bfjL ;dk{0fsf]
l;4fGtljk/Lt5 . lsgeg] dpk/ @)^$.%.@^ df ePsf]avf{:tLsf] lg0f{opk/
d}n] @)^$.&.!( df >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]df ljkIfL
lgj]bsn]@)^$.!!.@& df ;f]sf] lnlvt k|ltjfb ug'{ePsf]5 . ;f]
lnlvt k|ltjfbdf Joj:yfkgsf] lg0f{ooyfjt\ sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] lhsL/
u/L >dcbfntdf d }n ] lbPsf ] k 'g/fj ]bgpk/clwsf/If]qsf] ljifodf
s'g} cfklQ hgfpg'ePsf] 5}g .
lgw{g pTyfg a}+sdf d @)%^.#.! dflgo'lQm eO{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] /
;f] ;dodf >dP]gadf]lhd g} sf/jfxL x'g] cj:yf /x]sf]lyof] .
ljkIfL a}+s ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@cGtu{t :yflkt ePsf] / ;f] P]gnfO{
a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)^) n] vf/]hu/]sf], ;f]
cWofb]zsf] bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf-$_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -v_
n]tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ dfGotf
-
967967967967967
lbPsf] 5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g,@)^# ldlt
@)^#.&.!( b]lv nfu" ePsf] xf] .dnfO{ sf/jfxL ul/Psf] ljlgodfjnL
@)^@.@.!!df :jLs[t eO{ nfu" ePsf] xf] . kl5 cfPsf]P]gcGtu{tsf] ;f]
ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf d]/f]xsdf nfu" ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf tTsfn
k|rlntsfg"gL k|fjwfgcg'k >d cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf ab/ ug'{kg]{
cj:yf g/x]sf] x'Fbf cfwf/xLgl/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5, vf/]h u/L
kfpFmeGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]sf]lnlvt hjfkm
.
lgj]bs a} +sn] a} +s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (!
n] lbPsf]clwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! agfO{ nfu" u/L
/x]sf] / ;f] ljlgodfjnLsf]ljlgod **-!_-v_ df a}+ssf] ;DklQ
lxgfldgf/ gf]S;fgL ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tug]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fy} ljlgod (&df sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/
k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/L;d]tsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvgcfpF5 . o;/L a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwLP]g, @)^# cGtu{t ;~rflnt x'g] a}+sn] ;f]P]gf/f
k|bfg ul/Psf] clVtof/LcGtu{t cfkm\gf]sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] u/L
5'} ljlgodfjnLlgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{a}+ssf]
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] u/L Joj:yfkgn] lg0f{ou/]pk/ >d P]g, @)$* adf]lhd
>d cbfntn]k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg ldNg] gldNg] eGg] ;DaGwdfh6Ln sfg"gL
k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 .
o; ;DaGwdf lgj]bs kIfaf6 a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]
bkmf(@ sf] Joj:yf p4[t ub}{ a}+ssf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL ;f] a}+ssf]
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf nfu"x'g] ljz]if sfg"g ePsf]n] >d P]g
cfslif{tgx'g] eGg] lhsL/ klg lnOPsf] 5 . pQm P]gsf]
bkmf (@ df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] eGg]zLif{scGtu{t o; P]g / o;
P]gcGtu{thf/L ul/Psf lgod, ljlgod cfb]z jflgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf
o;} P]g / cfb]zjf lgb]{zgadf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd
x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]b]lvG5 . pQm Joj:yfcGtu{t bkmf
(!-@_adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sd{rf/Lsf];DaGwdf agfPsf]
ljlgodfjnLnufot ;f]P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf g]kfn;/sf/
jf lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] kdf /xg]g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf
lgod,ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgx kg]{ / To:tflgod ljlgod, cfb]z jf
lgb]{zgxdf pNn]vePsf ljifoxdf ;f]xL lgod, cfb]z jflgb]{zgsf] s'/f
nfu" x'g] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .
>d P]g, @)$* tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
ljwflosff/f lgld{tsfg"g ePsf / tL b'a} P]gsf] Joj:yf cfcfkm\gf]
If]qsf] ljifodf nfu" x'g] ljz]if k|s[ltPj+ dxTjsf Joj:yfx b]lvG5g\
. a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (@sf ] Joj:yfn ] k |
Tofof ] lht ljwflosLclwsf/cGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgod, ljlgod,cfb]z jf
lgb]{zgxnfO{ ;d]l6/x]sf] cj:yfdf;f]cGtu{t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf]
sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL klg kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfpF5 .o; l:yltdf lgj]bs
a}+sn] P]gsf] bkmf (!-@_cGtu{t kg]{ ljifodf lgdf{0f u/]sf]
sd{rf/LljlgodfjnLn] pQm bkmf (@ f/f g} dfGotfk|fKt ul//x]sf]
;Gbe{df ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLcGtu{t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]
s'g}sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdfljlgodfjnLn] Joj:yf
u/]adf]lhd dfq pkrf/vf]Hg'kg]{ xf] jf >d P]g, @)$* sf]
Joj:yf
()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt,
sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj=
>d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s
ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
968968968968968
cGtu{t >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg]xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf
b]lvPsf] o; h6Ln sfg"gLk|Zgsf] lgk0f o; cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6eO{
o; ;DaGwdf Pp6f lglZrt l;4fGt :yflktu/L Psktf sfod ug'{ jf~5gLo
b]lvPsf]5 . t;y{ k|:t't ljjfbdf ;lGglxt o; h6Lnsfg"gL k|Zgsf]
lgk0fsf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod # -!_-3_
adf]lhdk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug'{eGg];d]t
Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!).!* sf] km};nf .
lgodadf]lhd Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf
l;nl;nfdflgj]bstkm{af6 ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfo >Lab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ /
>L kjgs'df/ cf]emf,clwjQmfx >L s]z/d0fL cof{n, >L
ljj]sl3ld/], >L bLks l3ld/] / >L k"0f{rGb| bfxfnn]a}+ssf
sd{rf/L k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf];]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf]
sf/jfxLpk/a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! sf]ljlgod (& adf]lhd
cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bgnfUg] :ki6 Joj:yf /x]sf], lgj]bs a}+s
>dP]gf/f Jolj:yt x'g] k|s[ltsf] ;+:yf geO{ a}+styf ljQLo
;+:yf;DaGwL P]gcGtu{t ;~rfngx'g] ;+:yfsf kdf /x]sf], To;/L a}+ssf]
xsdfljz]if k|s[ltsf] P]g nfu" /x]sf] / ;f] P]gcGtu{tsf]clwsf/
k|of]u u/L sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL;d]t:jLs[t eO{ nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf
;f]ljlgodfjnLadf]lhd ePsf] sf/jfxLdf lrQga'em\g] kIfn] ;f]xL
ljlgodfjnLn] lgwf{/0fu/]adf]lhd pkrf/ vf]Hg'kg]{df >d
P]gsfcfwf/df >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]x'Fbf k|f/lDeskd}
clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ePsf]5 . To;/L >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg
g}gnfUg] cj:yfdf >d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgkq
u|x0f u/L km};nf u/]sf] q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f]km};nf
pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zf/f ab/ x'g'kb{5eGg];d]tsf] ax; ug'{eof] .
To;}u/L ljkIfL >d cbfntsf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljfg pkGofoflwjQmf
>L dbgaxfb'/wfdLn] >d P]gn] Basic Standard lgwf{/0f u/]sf]/
lgj]bs a}+s k|lti7fgsf] kl/efiffleq ;d]l6g];+:yf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df
a}+ssf sd{rf/L sfdbf/sf]xsdf >d P]g cfslif{t gx'g] eGg ldNb}g
.>d ljjfbsf ljifodf a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g ;fdfGo sfg"g
xf] eg] >dP]g ljz]if P]g xf] . t;y{ >d cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{
cGoyf eGg ldNg] x'Fb}g egL ax;ug'{ eof] . csf{ ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb
l3ld/]sf]tkm{af6 ljfg clwjQmfo >L /fhg clwsf/L/ >L /fdxl/
lqkf7Ln] >ldssf] xs lxtsfnflu ag]sf] >d P]g >ldssf] xsdf
nfu"gx'g] egL cy{af]w ug{ ldNb}g . k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf
cWoIfsf] lg0f{on] g} ;]jfaf6avf{:t ul/Psf] cj:yfdf k'gM
cWoIf;dIfk'g/fj]bg ug'{sf] s'g} cy{ klg b]lvFb}g . To;/Llg0f{o ug]{
/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ Pp6}clwsf/Ldf k|bfg ug]{ vfnsf] sfg"gL
Joj:yfcfkm}+df q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] x'Fbf >d P]gcGtu{tGofosf] dfu
ug'{ cGoyf gx'g] ePsfn] >dcbfntaf6 clwsf/ If]q u|x0f u/L ePsf]
km};nfsfg"gcg'k g} 5, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g'kb{5 eGg];d]t ax;
ug'{eof] .
@= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf a}+ssf tkm{af6d"ntM >d P]gsf] kl/R5]b
* cGtu{t lbPsf]cfb]zpk/ pQm P]gsf] bkmf ^)-u_ cg';f/>d cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bg nfUg] :ki6 sfg"gLJoj:yf /x]sf]df a}+sn] a}+s tyf
ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (! sf] pkbkmf-@_ sf] v08 -u_
adf]lhd a}+ssf sd{rf/LnfO{
-
969969969969969
nfu" x'g] u/L sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!agfO{ nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]
ljlgodfjnLnfO{a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf (@n];d]t
sfg"gL cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 / g]kfn/fi6 a}+saf6 ;d]t :jLs[t ;f]
ljlgodfjnLadf]lhd eP u/]sf sfo{nfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNg]cj:yf 5}g .
;f]xL ljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod**-!_-v_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t
ul/Psf]cj:yfdf ljlgod (& adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Ggclwsf/L;d]t
lglZrt\ ul/Psf] 5 . o;/La}+ssf] ljlgodfjnLn] :ki6kdf sf/jfxL
/;f]pk/sf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg];d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]cj:yfdf ;f]xL
ljlgodadf]lhdsf] ;]jf, zt{/ ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ub}{ cfPsf ljkIfL
k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]dflghn]
ljlgodadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg gu/L >dP]gsf] bkmf ^)-u_ cg';f/ egL
;f]em} >dcbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf / ;f] k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L lgh
ljkIfLnfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfdf k'gj{xfnLug]{ u/L >d cbfntaf6 km};nf
ePsf] 5 .To;/L >d P]g cfslif{t g} gx'g] cj:yfdf>d cbfntn]
If]qflwsf/laxLg k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L km};nf u/]sf] x'Fbf >d
cbfntsf] ;f] sfo{k|rlnt sfg"g, :yflkt Goflos dfGotf tyf;jf] {Rr
cbfntf/f k|ltkflbt Goflosl;4fGtx;d]tsf] k|lts"n /x]sf]n]
pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zf/f pQm km};nf ab/ u/L kfpmFeGg];d]tsf] lhsL/
lnOPsf] kfOG5 . k|:t'td'2fsf] ;du| tYonfO{ x]bf{ lgw{g pTyfg
a}+slnld6]8sf ;xfos sd{rf/L k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{pQm a}+ssf] sd{rf/L
ljlgodfjnL, @)^! sf]ljlgod **-!_-v_ adf]lhd a}+ssf] ldlt@)^$.%.@^
sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tul/Psf] / ;f] lg0f{opk/ lgh
k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]n]>d P]gadf]lhd >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg
u/]sf] / ;f] cbfntaf6 >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %# ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/
agfP/ a}+ssf] pQmlg0f{o ab/ x'g] / k'g/fj]bs cfkm\gf] kbdfk'gj{xfnL
x'g] 7xofO{ ldlt @)^%.#.@& dfkm};nf u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .
;f] km};nfab/sf nflu a } +ssf tkm {af6 l/6If]qflwsf/cGtu{t o;
cbfntdf bfo/ x'gcfPsf] lgj]bgsf /f]xdf o; cbfntsf] ;+o'QmOhnf;af6
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf
;DaGwdfljlgodfjnLn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhd dfq pkrf/vf ]Hg'kg] { xf ] jf
>d P]g, @)$* sf]Joj:yfcGtu{t >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{;lsg]
xf] eGg] k|Zg p7fO{ k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIfk]z ug'{ egL ePsf] cfb]zcg'k
k|:t't l/6lgj]bg o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] 5 .plNnlvt ;Gbe{df
k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf k|ydtMb]xfosf k|Zgxsf] lgk0f u/L
lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf
lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ cj:yfb]lvg cfof] .
!= >d P]g, @)$* n] u/]sf] cfr/0f /;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf lglZrt\
k|s[ltsfk | lti7fgdf sfo {/t \ \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf cfslif{t
x'g] xf]jf h'g;'s} k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t\\ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf
cfslif{t x'g] s]xf] d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg ;'gLu/]sf] lg0f{o sfg"gcg'k
5 jf 5}g d P]g, @)$* n] u/]sf]
cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf lglZrt\k |s[ltsf k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t\ \
sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf cfslif{t x'g] xf] jf h'g;'s}k|lti7fgdf
sfo{/t\\ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lxsfxsdf cfslif{t x'g] s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf
ljrf/ubf{ >d P]g, @)$* sf] k|:tfjgfnufotsfk|fjwfgxnfO{ ;d]t
cWoog ul/g' ;fGble{sx'g cfpF5 . >d P]g, @)$* sf]
k|:tfjgfaf6ljleGg If]qsf k|lti7fgxdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/tyf sd{rf/Lxsf]
xs, lxt, ;'ljwf / ;'/Iffsf]Joj:yf u/L >d ;DaGwdf ;dof]lrt
Joj:yfug{ pQm P]g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eGg] b]lvG5 eg]bkmf @ cGtu{t v08
-v_ df k|lti7fg zAbsf]kl/efiff k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/k|lti7fg
eGgfn] s'g} pBf]u, Joj;fo jf ;]jf;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhd:yflkt bzhgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jfsd{rf/L sfo{/t\\
/x]sf] s'g} sf/vfgf, sDkgL,;+u7g, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf ltgsf] ;d"xnfO{
;Demg'kb{5 . o; afx]s P]gsf] kl/R5]b @ df /f]huf/L/ ;]jfsf]
;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy}kbsf] auL{s/0f u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt
>d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{ Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf]5 . To;}u/L ljz]if
k|lti7fgsf kdflrofaufg, lgdf{0f Joj;fo, oftfoft Joj;fo,xf]6]n,
6fen, 6]ls, P8e]Gr/, ofkm\l6, hn,;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{
k|lti7fgnfO{;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 . P]gsf] kl/R5]b * dfcfr/0f /
;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .h;cGtu{t ;hfosf] k|sf/ pNn]v ub}{
s]s:tf] sfo{ u/]df v/fa cfr/0f x'g] eGg]ljj/0fsf ;fy} To:tf] v/fa
cfr/0f u/]df x'g];hfo, ;hfo ubf {sf ] sfo { ljlw /k'g/fj]bg;d]tsf]
Joj:yf P]gdf ul/Psf]kfOG5 .
$= To; cltl/Qm >d;DaGwL ljleGg;ldlt, >d clws[t, sf/vfgf
lg/LIfs / >dljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof / ;+oGq;d]tsf af/]dfP]gdf
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k|lti7fg v8f ug{,agfpg jf eO/x]sf] k|lti7fgnfO{
a9fpg k/]dfJoj:yfksn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{>d sfof{nodf
k7fpg' kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yfP]gdf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s k|lti7fgn]
cfkm\gf]sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwdfagfPsf] ljlgodsf]
k|lt ;DalGwt >dsfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf klg P]gsf]bkmf
*& df ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;/L k|lti7fgsfsfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf]
;'/IffnufotpgLxsf] cfr/0f;d]tsf ;DaGwdf >d P]gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] /
v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sfdbf/sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ubf{ clgjfo{kdfcjnDag
ug'{kg]{ sfo{ljlw klg P]gn] tf]lslbPsf]kfOG5 .
%= >d P]gdf /x ]sf plNnlvtk|fjwfgx / ;+oGqxnfO{ uxgkdf
cWoogug]{ xf] eg] To;af6 >d P]gn] ;d]6\g] If]qsfaf/]df :ki6 x'g
cfpF5 . k|lti7fg lgdf{0f ubf{
-
971971971971971
jf lj:tf/ ubf{;d]t >d sfof{nodf ljj/0fk]z ug'{ kg]{ / sfdbf/
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{;DaGwdf k|lti7fgf/f agfOPsf] ljlgod;d]t>d
sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yfn] klgk|lti7fg zAbnfO{ ;Lldt t'NofPsf]
5 . olbsDkgL, ;+u7g, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf ltgsf];d"xcGtu{t kg]{ ;a}
;+:yfnfO{ k|lti7fgcGtu{tdfGg] xf] eg] s'g} klg ;+:yf To;af6
aflx/kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb}g . olb sDkgL P]gcGtu{tjf cGo ljz]if
P]gcGtu{t ;+:yflkt ;a} vfnsf;+:yfx >d P]gsf] bfo/fleq /x]sf]
dfGg] xf]eg] To:tf ;+:yfxn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsf]hfgsf/L >d
sfof{nodf lbPsf] cj:yf 5 of5}g To:tf ;+:yfxnfO{ pgLxsf] ljlgod>d
sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] egL;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ cjut
u/fOPsf] 5 of 5}gk]z ug'{kg]{ elgPsf] ljj/0f jf ljlgod k]zu/]
gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf >d sfof{noxn]cg'udg u/]sf 5g\ of 5}gg\
To;/Lclgjfo{kdf >d sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{ljj/0f jf ljlgod
ga'emfPsf] eGg] cfwf/dfs'g} ;+:yfnfO{ >d sfof{noaf6 sf/jfxL
ul/Psf]cj:yf 5 of 5}g eGg] h:tf k|Zgx:jfefljskdf p7\g ;S5g\ . t/
Jojxf/dfx]bf{ oL ;a} k|Zgxsf] pQ/ ;sf/fTdscfpFb}g . h;sf] ;f]emf]
cy{ x'G5 ;a} k|s[ltsfk|lti7fgx >d P]gsf] bfo/fleq kb}{gg\ .sDkgL
P]g jf cGo ljz]if P]gcGtu{t ;+:yflktk|lti7fgxsf cfcfkm\g} p2]Zo
/x]sf x'g;S5g\, To:tf k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ k|s[lt klgkm/skm/s x'g ;S5,
To;leq cfa4 hgzlQmn];Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{ klg km/skm/s x'g
;S5,pgLxsf] sfo{jftfj/0f / ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ jf
lgodg ug]{lgsfox klg km/s km/s x'g ;S5g\ . To;}n]
;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{k|s[lt, To;leqcfa4 hgzlQm / pgLxsf]
;]jf ;'/Iff;d]tsfljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ gagfO{ k|lti7fg zAbsf];txL
JofVofsf e/df ;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ Pp6}b[li6sf]0fn] x]l/g' Gofof]lrt /
Jojxfl/s;d]tx'g ;Sb}g . >d P]gn] >ldssf] xs, lxt,;'/Iff,
;]jf, zt{, ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof /;+oGq;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
To:t} Joj:yfcGo P]g jf sfg"gf/f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tfsfg"gf/f
;+:yflkt k|lti7fg jf ;+:yf jf kmd{jf sDkgLdf sfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf]
xsdf>d P]g cfslif{t x'g] egL To:tf] k|lti7fg,;+:yf jf kmd{
;+:yflkt ug]{ sfg"gnfO{ cy{xLg/ cf}lrToxLg t'Nofpg] u/L sfg"gsf]
JofVoful/g' x'Fb}g . To:tf ;+:yfxsf] xsdf >dP]g xf]Og, ToxL
sfg"g cfslif{t x'G5 .
^= >d P]g afx]ssf cGo P]gcGtu{t;+:yflkt k|lti7fgxdf >d P]g
cfslif{t x'g]xf] jf cGo P]g, To;cGtu{tsf] lgod jfljlgodsf] Joj:yf
cfslif{t x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdfo;cl3 klg o; cbfnt;dIf k|Zgx p7]sf]kfOG5
. o;} ;Gbe{df ls/0fs'df/ >]i7;d]tlj4 ;~rfns ;ldlt, g ]kfn a }
+slnld6]8;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg -g]sfk @)%^,c+s ^ , lg=g+= ^ !, k[i7
$)#_ df 6]8 o'lgogP]g, @)$* / jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#!cGtu{tag]sf
lgodx aflemPsf] ca:yfdf s'g sfg"gnfu" x'g] eGg] k|Zg p7]sf]df
jfl0fHo a}+s P]g,@)#! sf] bkmf %@ n] pQm P]g / ;f]cGtu{tag ]sf
lgodxdf n ] lvPsf ] s '/ fdf;f]xLadf]lhd / cdf k|rlnt
sfg"gadf]lhdx'g] egL u/]sf] Joj:yf;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/jfl0fHo a}+s
P]gsf] bkmf %@ cGtu{t ag]sf]g]kfn a}+s sd{rf/L lgodfjnL g} nfu"
x'g]egL o; cbfntsf] ljz]if Ohnf;af6 l;4fGt
()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt,
sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj=
>d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s
ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
972972972972972
sfod ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn c/a a}+slnld6]8sf Joj:yfkssf
tkm{af6 ljgo /]UdLlj4 >d cbfnt;d]t ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)%*
;fnsf] l/6 g+= #)&$, km};nf ldltM@)%(.@.@!_ df a}+ssf] sfdbf/ /
sd{rf/Lsf];DaGwdf jfl0fHo P]g, @)#! adf]lhd ag]sf]g]kfn c/a a}+s
lnld6]8sf] sd{rf/L lgodfjnLtyf sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)$% -xfn
sd{rf/LlgodfjnL, @)%&_ g} nfu" x'g], >d P]g, @)$*cfslif{t
x'g g;Sg] egL >d cbfntn]k 'g/fj ]bg u |x0f u/L u/ ]sf ] km
};nfclwsf/If]qlaxLg /x]sf] egL km};nf ePsf]5 . To;}u/L dxfnIdL
kmfOgfG; lnld6]8;d]tlj4 >d cbfnt ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)^)
;fnsf] l/6 g+= @&^#, km};nf ldltM@)^!.!@.%_ df klg lgj]bs sDkgL
ljQ sDkgLP]g, @)$@ cg';f/ ul7t Pj+ ;~rflnt ePsf]eGg] cfwf/df pQm
sDkgLn] agfPsf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL, @)%& cg';f/ ePsf] sf/jfxLlj4
;f]xL ljlgodfjnLcGtu{tsf] pkrf/ vf]Hg'kg]{ lgisif{df k'uL lgj]bs
sDkgLsf] xsdf>d P]g nfUg g;Sg]df >d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgu|x0f
u/L u/]sf] km};nfdf If]qflwsf/sf] q'6LljBdfg /x]sf] egL km};nf
ePsf] b]lvG5 .To;}u/L ;]G6 h]leo;{ :s"nsf tkm{af6 P]=sfk|wfgfWofks
af]lgkm]; l6Uuf P;=h]= lj4>d cbfnt;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg -l/6
g+=M)^&WO)&)(, km};nf ldltM @)^(.$.#)_df klg o:t} k|Zg
p7]sf]df z}lIfs ;+:yfsf]kdf /x]sf] ljBfnosf] u7g, ;~rfng
/lgodg;d]tsf] sfd sf/jfxL lzIff P]g, @)@*/ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%(
adf]lhd x'g]eGg];d]tsf] cfwf/ u|x0f ub}{ ;DalGwtljBfnosf] sd{rf/L
;]jf lgodcg';f/ sf/jfxLePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL lgod cg';f/sf]
pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{df >d P]g, @)$* dfePsf] sfg"gL
Joj:yfcg';f/ >d cbfntdfk/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ If]qflwsf/laxLgsf]
;+1flbOPsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .
&= o;/L o; cbfntaf6 ePsf k"j{km};nfxaf6;d]t ljleGg ljifout
P]gcGtu{t;+:yflkt sDkgL, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf k|lti7fgxsfxsdf To:tf
P]gcGtu{tsf lgod, ljlgodf/ftf]lsPsf ;]jf, zt{, ;'ljwf / cg'udg,
lgodgPj+ d"Nof\sg;d]tsf ;+oGqx g} k|efjL x'g]/ ;a} vfnsf
k|lti7fgxdf >d P]g, @)$*nfu" gx'g] egL l;4fGt sfod ePsf] kfOG5
.plNnlvt cfwf/df klg >d P]g, @)$* n]u/]sf] cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL
Joj:yf lglZrt\k |s [ ltsf k | lti7fgdf sfo{/t\ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf
xsdf dfq cfslif{t x'G5,h 'g; 's } k | lti7fgdf sfo {/t \
sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf pQm Joj:yf cfslif{tx'Fb}g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug
;lsG5 .
*= ca, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g,
@)^# sf] bkmf(! n] k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] clwsf/cGtu{t th'{dful/Psf]
ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg'k cfkm\gf]s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf
;DaGwdf;f]xL ljlgodcg';f/sf] pkrf/ vf]Hg' kg]{ xf]jf >d P]g,
@)$* sf] Joj:yfcGtu{t >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] xf] eGg]
k|Zgdfk|j]z u/f}+ . o;cl3 ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f;d]taf6h'g; 's } k |
lti7fgdf sfo {/t \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf >d P]g, @)$*
cfslif{tx'g] ge} ;f] k|lti7fg ;+:yflkt ug]{ P]g /;f]cGtu{t ag]sf]
lgod, ljlgoddf /x]sf]Joj:yf g} cfslif{t x'g] eGg] lgisif{df
of]Ohnf; k'u]sf] 5 . plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf]
ljifoj:t'sf] ;fk]Iftfdf x]bf{
-
973973973973973
l/6 lgj]bsn] cfkm\gf] a}+s, a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]gcGtu{t
;+:yflkt ePsf], ;f]xLP]gsf] bkmf (! n] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/cGtu{t/xL
a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! th'{dful/Psf] / ;f] ljlgodfjnLsf]
kl/R5]b & dfljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwL :ki6 Joj:yf /xLljlgod ** df
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:tug]{;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf], ;f]xL
cfwf/dfa}+ssf ;xfos sd{rf/L k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{
u/L lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]lg0f{opk/ a}+ssf cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg;lsg]
k|fjwfg ljlgod (& df /x]sf]df ;f]k|fjwfgcGtu{t pkrf/ gvf]hL
l;w} >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf ^) cg';f/ >d cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg
u/]sf] x'Fbf >d cbfntnfO{ To;/Lk'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ g}
g/x]sf]n] >dcbfntsf] km};nf ab/efuL /x]sf] egL lhsL/lnPsf] kfOG5
.
(= lgj]bs lgw{g pTyfg a}+s sDkgLP]g, @)%# adf]lhd n3' ljQ
sDkgLsf kdfbtf{ ePsf] / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwLP]g, @)^# cg'k
a}+ls Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf];+:yf xf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb 5}g .
pQmP]gcGtu{t :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'g] a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd
sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:ytkn];~rfng ug{ / P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{Ohfht
k|fKt ;+:yfn] ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]u/L pQm P]gsf] bkmf (! cGtu{t
;f];DaGwLclwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xLbkmf (! sf] pkbkmf
-!_ sf] b]xfo -s_ b]lv-5_ ;Dd ljleGg ljifoxdf To:tf] ljlgodagfpg
;lsg] eGg] Joj:yf ub}{ b]xfo -u_ dfOhfht k|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf]
lgo'lQm,a9'jf, ;jf avf{:tL, tnj, eQf, pkbfg,lgj[Qe/0f, ljbf,
cfr/0f, cg'zf;g;d]t ;]jfsf
zt{ / u7gaf/]df ;d]t To:tf] ljlgod agfpgkfpg] u/L clwsf/ k|bfg
ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
!)= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6lgj]bs a} +snufotsf a} +s tyf
ljQLo;+:yfxn] cfkm\gf] sfd sf/jfxL ;'rf kdf;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{
sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm,;jf, a9'jf, avf{:tL Pj+ cg'zf;gfTdssf/jfxLnufot
;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g;Fu;DalGwt ljifoxnfO{ :jo+n] 5'}
ljlgodth'{df u/L lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg] /To:tf] ljlgod /fi6
a}+sn] :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]kl5nfu" x'g ;Sg] b]lvg cfpF5 . h;sf
cfwf/dfa}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]bkmf (! df ;+:yfn]
ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]u/L k|bfg ul/Psf] clVtof/LcGtu{t g} lgw{gpTyfg
a}+sn] cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsfnflu plNnlvt ljifoj:t';d]t
;dfj]z u/Lsd{rf/L ljlgod agfPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5. a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf(@ n] pQm P]gcGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgod,ljlgod,
cfb]z jf lgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf;f ]xLadf ] lhd / cGo s'/fdf k
|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd x'g] egL :ki6 Joj:yf u/]af6lgw{g pTyfg a}+saf6
hf/L ePsf] ljlgoddfn]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL ljlgod k|efjL x'g]
eGg]dfklg ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g .
!!= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] xsdflgodgsf/L lgsfosf kdf g]kfn
/fi6 a}+s/xg], To:tf ;+:yfn] agfPsf] ljlgod;d]tg]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6
:jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{;d]tsf]Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'Fbf To:tf ;+:yfsf]
xsdf>d P]gcg';f/ >d sfof{noxn] lgodgug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg
cfpFb}g . P]gsf]clVtof/LcGtu{t sd{rf/Lxsf] cfr/0flglZrt\ ul/Psf] /
;f] cfwf/df ljefuLo
()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt,
sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj=
>d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s
ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
974974974974974
sf/jfxL ug]{ clwsf/L;d]t tf]sL To:tfclwsf/Ln] u/]sf] sf/jfxLpk/
k'g/fj]bg ;''Gg]clwsf/L klg tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf >d P]gdfplNnlvt
cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL s'/fxTo:tf ;+:yfn] cg'z/0f ub} {gg\ .
h'gsfg"gcg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ePsf] xf], To;dfcjnDag ug'{kg]{ sfo{ljlw
klg :jefjtM ;f]xLsfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd g} x'G5 /
;f]pk/sf]pkrf/ klg ;f]xL sfg"gn] tf]s]cg';f/ g} vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 .
of] ;fdfGo / :jfefljs k|lqmof g}xf] . olb ;DalGwt sfg"gn] ;hfosf]
dfqJoj:yf u/L To;pk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg];DaGwLJoj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yf eP
:jefjtM k|rlntsfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cGo k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{afWotf
l;h{gf x'g hfGYof], h;nfO{ a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf (@
n] klg:ki6 u/]s} 5 .
!@= k|:t't ljjfbdf l/6 lgj]bs a}+ssf]sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!
a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (!-@_-u_adf]lhdsf]
clVtof/LcGtu{t g} th'{df e} nfu"ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;f] ljlgodfjnL lgj]bs
a}+sdfsfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5'}k|s[ltsf] sfg"gL
Joj:yfsf kdf /x]sf] / a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gf/f g} 5'}
x}l;ot/ dfGotf k|bfg ePsf] cj:yf x'Fbf ;f]xLljlgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof
ckgfO{ ljkIfL dWo]sfk]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6
avf{:tul/Psf]df To:tf] avf{:tLsf] lg0f{opk/ lrQga'em] ;f]xL
ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf adf]lhddfq} ;Da4 a}+s kbflwsf/L;dIf
k'g/fj]bgnfUg]df ;f]sf] ljk/Lt >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^ ) sf] v08
-u_ cGtu{t >d cbfnt;dIfk'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] eGg] s'/f k|df0f:jk
k|fKtePsf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf] ldl;naf6
b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf]ljlgodfjnLdf g} ;hfopk/
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L;d]t lglZrt\ ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tf]sfg"gL
Joj:yfsf] cg'z/0f ug'{ ;DalGwtsd{rf/Lsf ] st {Jo aGb5 . ; +:yfsf
]ljlgodfjnLdf /x]sf] :ki6 sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{Psflt/ k~5fP/ cGo P]g
sfg"gcGtu{tsf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . o;sf] cltl/Qmcfkm "
sfo{/t\ /x]sf ] cj:yf;Dd ;f]xLljlgodcGtu{tsf] ;]jf, zt{ / ;'ljwfsf]
pkef]uug]{ t/ cfkm"nfO{ sf/jfxL ePkl5 eg] pQmsfg"gn] lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/af6pkrf/ vf]lhg'nfO{ sfg"g cg's"n dfGg
;lsFb}g. s'g} klg sfg"g ab/ 3f]lift gx'Fbf;Dd j}wsfg"gsf kdf /xG5 .
To:tf] j}w sfg"gnfO{Pp6f lglZrt cj:yf;Dd cg'z/0f ug]{
/cfkm\gf]k|lts"n lg0f{o ePkl5 To;nfO{ k"0f{tMOGsf/ ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{
;]jf sfg"g -Service Law_;DaGwL l;4fGtn] klg :jLsf/ ub}{g .
t;y{k|:t't ljjfbsf ;Gbe{df klg a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
/ ;f]cGtu{t th'{dful/Psf] lgod tyf ljlgoddf Joj:yful/Pcg'k ;DalGwt
;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] s'g}sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] ljefuLosf/jfxLsf
;DaGwdf ;f]xL ljlgodcg';f/sf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
!#= k|:t't ljjfbdf lgw{g pTyfg a}+sn]sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf]
ljlgod **-!_ -v_cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]n] ;f]
sf/jfxLpk/ >d cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg u/L >d cbfntaf6 ;]jfdf
k'ga{xfnLug]{ u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o If]qflwsf/laxLg /x]sf]eGg] k|Zg klg
p7fOPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bs lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,
@)^!cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf JolQmn] ;f]
-
975975975975975
ljlgodfjnLdf k'g/fj]bg;DaGwL Joj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb};f]cGtu{t pkrf/
gvf]hL >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^ )-u_ adf]lhd >d cbfntdf
k'g/fj]bgug]{ / >d cbfntn] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L lg0f{o ug{
ldNg] gldNg] s] xf] eGg] k|Zgsf]klg lgk0f ul/g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
!$= ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ oLlgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]
af/]sf]kqdf :ki6kdf a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! -;+zf]wg ;lxt_
sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_adf]lhd a}+ssf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf, xflg
gf]S;fgLu/]sf] kfOPsf]n] a}+ssf] ldlt @)^$.%.@^ sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd
a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]egL dxfk|aGwsaf6 x:tfIf/ ul/Psf]
kfOG5 .pQm kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ljlgod ** n];]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t
ug]{;DaGwL Joj:yfu/]sf] / To;/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{u/L
ePsf] lg0f{opk/ ljlgod (& df k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]
kfOG5 . >dcbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ ljkIfL k|]dk|;fbl3ld/] lgw{g
pTyfg a}+ssf] ;xfos sd{rf/L/x]sf] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . ;]jfaf6
avf{:tug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{opk/ ;xfos sd{rf/Ln]To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf]
#% lbgleq a}+ssfcWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yfljlgod
(&-!_-v_ df ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3ul/Psf] ljZn]if0faf6 ;a} vfnsf
k|lti7fgsfsd{rf/Lsf] xsdf >d P]g cfslif{t gx'g] /cfkm" cfa4
;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodn] u/]sf]Joj:yfsf xsdf ;f]xL ljlgod cfslif{t
x'g]eGg] lgisif{df of] Ohnf; k'lu;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodflgh k|]dk|;fb
l3ld/]n] lgh sfo{/t\ ;+:yfsf]ljlgoddf tf]lsPcg';f/ g} pkrf/sf]
dfuug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf klg ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g .
!%= ax;sf l;nl;nfdf lghtkm{af6pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ljfg sfg"g
Joj;foLxn]ljlgoddf cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] Joj:yful/Psf] /
lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ lg0f{oklg cWoIf :jo+n] g} u/]sf] x'Fbf
To;/L lg0f{oug]{ / ;f] lg0f{opk/sf] k'g/fj]bg Ps} JolQmn];'Gg]
cj:yf /x]af6 To:tf] lg0f{odf lgikIftfsf]cefj /xg] ePsfn] >d
cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bgul/Psf] egL lhsL/ lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . t/lghsf tkm
{af6 >d cbfntdf k/]sf ]k'g/fj]bgdf eg] To:tf] lhsL/ lnOPsf]
b]lvFb}g,g t sfg"gn] :ki6 clVtof/L glbFbf;Dd s;}n]k'g/fj]bg bfo/
u/]s} e/df Goflos lgsfosf]clwsf/If]q pTklQ g} x'g ;S5 .
!^= o;sf cltl/Qm a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lljlgoddf /x]sf] To:tf]
Joj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tLlbO{ ab/ 3f]lift gu/fpFbf;Dd To;nfO{ j}wsfg"gsf
kdf lng'kg]{ x'Fbf lgh k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]tkm{af6 lnOPsf] lhsL/sf]
sfg"gL cfwf/klg b]lvFb}g . s'g} klg sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln]cfkm" cfa4
;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgoddf lglZrt\ul/Pcg'k g} ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] bfjL
ug{ ;lsg]/ cfkm\gf] cfr/0f / ljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwLJoj:yfsf] xsdf
klg ;f]xL ljlgodsf k|fawfgcfslif{t x'g] x'Fbf To:tf] j}w
sfg"gcGtu{tul/Psf ] sf/jfxLpk/sf ] pkrf/ klgTo;}cGtu{t vf]lhg' kg]{
x'G5 . olb ;DalGwtsfg"gn] pkrf/sf] :ki6 Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfeP dfq
cGo k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf] pkrf/vf]Hg ;lsg] x'G5 . sfg"gn] g}
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L lglZrt\ u/]sf] kfOPsf] x'Fbf
To:tfclwsf/L;dIf k'g/fj]bg gu/L l;w} >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf]
b]lvPaf6 To;/Lsfg"gn] g} clVtof/ k|bfg gu/]sf] lgsfo;dIful/Psf]
ofrgfn] s'g} cy{ /fVb}g g t To:tf
()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt,
sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj=
>d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s
ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
976976976976976
lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{on] g} sfg"gL dfGotfkfpg] x'G5 . t;y{
ljkIfLdWo]sf k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]n] >d P]gsf] bkmf ^) sf] v08
-u_cg';f/ >d cbfntdf u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L >d cbfntn]
u/]sf] km};nf If]qflwsf/laxLgb]lvg cfof] .
!&= ca, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L
x'g' kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] clGtd k|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{ljkIfLdWo]sf
k|]dk|;fb l3ld/] sfo{/t\ /x]sf]lgw{g pTyfg a}+sn] g]kfn /fi6 a}
+ssf]:jLs[lt;d]t k|fKt u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]
bkmf (! n] lbPsf]clwsf/ k|of]u u/L a}+ssf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu"x'g] u/L
ljlgod agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] eGg] s'/fljlgodsf] lz/ Joxf]/faf6 b]lvG5 .
lghk|]dk|;fb l3ld/] ;f]xL ljlgodnfO{ :jLsf/ u/La}+ssf] ;xfos:t/sf]
sd{rf/Lsf kdf sfo{/t\/x]sf] / To;cGtu{tsf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]pkef]u;d]t
u/]sf] eGg] tYodf klg ljjfbsf]cj:yf 5}g . To;/L ;DalGwt
P]gsf]clVtof/LcGtu{t th'{df ePsf] / ;DalGwtlgofds lgsfoaf6
cg'df]bg;d]t ePsf]ljlgodnfO{ j}w sfg"gsf kdf u|x0f ug'{kg]{x'g
cfpF5 . To:tf] j}w sfg"g cyf{t\ lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf] sd{rf/L
ljlgodfjnL, @)^!sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_ cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tul/Psf lgh
k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]sf] xsdf ;f]xLljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod (&-!_-v_
cg';f/k'g/fj]bg u/L pkrf/ dfu ug'{kg]{ :ki6 sfg"gLaf6f] /x]sf]df
lghn] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf^) sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t >d
cbfntdfu/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ sfg"gcg's"nsf] dfGg;lsg] cj:yf b]lvg
cfPg . ;fy} >d cbfntn]cfkm";dIf k'g/fj]bg g} gnfUg] cj:yfsf
JolQmsf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0f u/L u/]sf] km};nfklg :jtM
If]qflwsf/laxLg b]lvg cfof] .
!*= t;y{ dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/df lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf ;xfos sd{rf/L
k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ ;f] a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! sf] ljlgod
**-!_-v_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/
k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L lgh k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ ;]jfdfk'ga{xfnL ug]{
u/]sf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf]ldlt @)^%.#.@& sf] km};nfdf
clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm km};nfpTk|]if0fsf]
cfb]zf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ .
!(= ;fy} >d cbfntn] cfkm";dIfk'g/fj]bg g} gnfUg] cj:yfsf
JolQmsf]k'g/fj]bg u|x0f u/L km};nf u/]sf] cj:yfb]lvPsf] kl/k|]Iodf
pQm cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/sf]ljifodf klg s]xL ljj]rgf ul/g'kg]{
cj:yfb]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o; cbfntn] o;cl3 klgls/0fs'df/ >]i7;d]t
lj4 ;~rfns ;ldlt,g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg-g]sfk
@)%^, c+s ^ , lg=g+= ^ !, k[i7 $)#_,g]kfn c/a a}+s lnld6]8sf
Joj:yfkssftkm{af6 ljgo /]UdL lj4 >d cbfnt;d]tePsf] csf]{ l/6
lgj]bg -@)%* ;fnsf] l/6g+= #)&$_, dxfnIdL kmfOgfG;
lnld6]8;d]tlj4 >d cbfnt ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)^) ;fnsf] l/6
g+= @&^#_ / ;]G6 h]leo;{:s"nsf tkm{af6 P]=sf k|wfgfWofks
af]lgkm];l6Uuf P;=h]= lj4 >d cbfnt;d]t ePsf]l/6 lgj]bg -l/6
g+=)^&WO)&)(_ ;d]tdf>d cbfntn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/If]qsf]
Vofngu/L clwsf/If]qlaxLg km};nf u/]sf] egLk6sk6s l/6 hf/L ePsf]
;Gbe{nfO{ ;f]cbfntaf6 uDeL/tfk"j{s u|x0f ul/Psf]kfOPg . cfkm"n]
Goflos clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf]
-
977977977977977
ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dIf d'2f k'uL ;jf]{RrGoflos lgsfon]
lglZrt\ dfu{ bz{g x'g] u/Ll;4fGt k|ltkfbg ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf
tLl;4fGtxsf] kfngf / cg'z/0f ul/g' ;a}Goflos lgsfosf] st{Jo aGb5 .
>d cbfntsf]clwsf/sf] ;|f]t eg]sf] >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^) g}
xf] . h;df o; kl/R5]bcGtu{tlbPsf] s'g} ;hfo jf cfb]zpk/ lrQ
ga'em\g]kIfn] To:tf] ;hfo jf cfb]zsf] ;"rgf kfPsf]ldltn] k}+tL;
lbgleq b]xfoadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgug{ ;Sg]5 egL v08 -u_ n] Joj:yfks
jfcGo clwsf/L jf sfof{non] u/]sf] ;hfo /cfb]zpk/ ;DalGwt >d
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgnfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;/L >d
P]gsf]kl/R5]b * df ul/Psf] Joj:yfcGtu{t ul/Psf];hfo jf cfb]zpk/ dfq
>d cbfntdfk 'g/fj ]bg nfUg ]df cGo P ]g, lgod,ljlgodcGtu{t
ul/Psf ;hfo jf lg0f{opk/;f]xL P]g, lgod, ljlgodn] g}
k'g/fj]bg;DaGwLJoj:yf ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf;d]t To:tf]k|fjwfgcGtu{t
pkrf/ gvf]hL l;w} >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{;d]t To:tf]
k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L Gofo lgk0f ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yfb]lvof] . To;/L
;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k6sk6sePsf lg0f{onfO{;d]t a]jf:tf u/L
cfkm\gf]If]qflwsf/aflx/sf] ljifodf k|j]z ug]{ >dcbfntsf]
k|j[lQnfO{ of] Ohnf;n] uDeL/tfk"j{slnPsf] 5 . ctM o; cbfntaf6
k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf /f]xdf / o;cl3sf cGo l/6lgj]bgsf /f]xdf cleJoQm
ln\;d]tnfO{dWogh/ u/L cfkm\gf] clwsf/ If]qsf] k|of]uug{ >d
cbfnt, sf7df8f}+sf] Wofgfsif{0fu/fOPsf ] 5 . o;sf ]
hfgsf/LdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t >d
cbfntnfO{ lbO{ k|:t't lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nutsf u/L ldl;n
lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg' .
pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxGof=;'zLnf sfsL{
Olt ;Djt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z
sf]O/fnf
;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;=sf=d'=k|=GofofwLz >L
bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{
dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLcfb]z ldlt M @)&).#.@^.$
l/6 lgj]bg g+= )^*WO)^%@
ljifoM pTk]|if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z
lgj]bs M dw]zL hg clwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn-nf]stflGqs_ sf] ;+:yfks
s]Gb|Lo;b:o tyf wg'iff If]q g+= $ af6lgjf { lrt ; + ljwfg;ef
;b:o;+hos'df/ ;fx
lj4ljkIfL M ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]
;DdfggLo ;efd'v >L ;'jf;rGb|g]Djf\;d]t
ljlwsf] zf;g (Rule of law) df s'g}klg sfo{ sfg"gn] lgb]{zg
u/]cg'k
()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx
lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v
;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t
&&&&&
lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+=
()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
978978978978978
jf sfg"gadf]lhd dfq x'G5 . To;dfklg s;}nfO{ s'g} sfo{ u/]afkt
cfly{sb08 jf cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg]lg0f{o ul/G5 eg] To:tf] lg0f{o
sfg"gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] eGbf aflx/ uO{ x'g;Sb}g . sfg"gL Joj:yfeGbf
aflx/uO{ s;}nfO{ cfly{s b08 lbg] sfo{nfO{ljz]ifflwsf/leq k5{ eGg
gldNg] .
s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]JolQm jf lgsfon] ;+ljwfg jf;f
]adf ] lhd ag ]sf sfg "gaf6ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . ;+ljwfg jfcGo
k|rlnt sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf]ljz]ifflwsf/ ljlw;Ddt\ eO{ ;f]adf]lhdeP
u/]sf sfo{n] dfq j}wflgstf k|fKtub{5 . ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gfddf
sfg"gn]clwsf/ g} glbPsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]zx'g uPdf To:tf] cfb]z
sfg"gk|lts"neO{ To;n] j}wflgs dfGotf kfpgg;Sg] .
-k|s/0f g+=!!_lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 M ljfg clwjQmfo ;'gLn
/+hg l;+x / bLk]Gb| emf
ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf/]jtL/fh lqkf7L
cjnlDat ghL/ M;Da4 sfg"g M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,
@)^#, ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^%
cfb]z;=sf=d'=k|=Gof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ M
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@/ wf/f !)&-@_
adf]lhd o; cbfntsf]
clwsf/If]q leqsf] eO{ bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf]
;+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/5 M
d l/6 lgj]bs dw]zL hgclwsf/kmf]/d, g]kfnsf] pDd]b\jf/ eO{
;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rgdf wg'iff If]q g+= $ af6 ljhoL eO{;+ljwfg;ef
;b:osf] kdf xfn;Dd axfn/x]sf] 5' . @)^^ ;fndf dw]zL hgclwsf/kmf]/d
-nf]stflGqs_ gfds 5'} /fhgLlts bnn]dfGotf kfO{ d dw]zL hgclwsf/
kmf]/dsf]s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'g'sf ;fy} ;f]xL kf6L{sf] tkm{af6;+ljwfg;ef
;b:osf] kdf ;+ljwfg;ef tyfJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ub}{cfPsf]5'
. cfk"m hgk|ltlglw ePsfn] hgtfsf]hgu'gf;f]nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef tyf
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf cWoIf tyf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v Pj+dfggLo ;b:o tyf
;ef;bxnfO {/fhgLltskdf hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;/sf/sf]Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf cWoIftyf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v >L ;'jf;rGb|g]Djf;Fu
af]Ng af/Daf/ ;do dfu u/]sf]df;DalGwt bnsf] ;r]tsdfkm{t cfpg'
eof]eg] dfq} af]Ng kfpg'x'G5 xf]Og eg] af]Ngkfpg'x'Gg eg]/ af]Ng
lbg'ePsf] 5}g . d}n]k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] bnsf] ;r]tsn] dnfO{ slxn]klg
af]Ng] Joj:yf ldnfpg' ePg .
o;kflnsf] hf8f] ofdsf] z'jft;Fu}dw]zdf afSnf] x':;', s'lx/f],
lr;f] zLtnx/Ln]ubf{ u/La j[4j[4f afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGgvfn]/f]u
nfUg'sf ;fy} s/La %) hgfsf] d[To'eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;ef
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ldlt @)^*.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf;DdfggLo
;efd'vHo";Fu ;do lnO{ af]NgnfO{cg'dlt dfu]sf] lyPF . pQm lbgsf]
a}7sdfh'g;'s} kf6L{sf] h'g;'s} ;ef;bn] af]Ng kfpg]
-
979979979979979
Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . ljleGg dfggLo;b:oxn] cfkm\gf] s'/f
/fv]kl5 d}n] klgt/fO{sf] ;d:ofsf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf]Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpgsf] nflu k6sk6s xftp7fO{ af]Ng ;do dfu]sf]df ;DdfgLo
;efd'vn];do glbO{ pQm lbgsf] a}7s :ylut ePsf]hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]bzf}F clwj]zg a}7s ;+Vof *@ ldlt @)^*.(.&df
klg af]Ng glbPkl5 PSsf;L p7]sf] l/;yfDg g;sL sfa'aflx/sf] l:ylt
l;h{gf eO{d]/f] dfgl;s c;Gt'ng x'g uO{ daf6 b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOs
Iflt x'g uof] . To;kl5;DdfggLo ;efd'vHo"sf ] cfb ]zdf d;+ljwfg;ef
aflx/ uPsf] lyPF .
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;"rgfkq $ ldlt@)^*.(.& ut]sf] ;"rgfdf
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsfdfggLo ;b:o >L ;+hos'df/ ;fxn]k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
ePadf]lhdsf] cdof{lbt,cg'zf;g e x'g] / a}7sleq Wj+;fTds
k|j[lQb]vfPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^
adf]lhd cfhsf] ldltb]lv!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L
k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] oyfy{ d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lghn]kfpg]
kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L;Da4 ;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg] eGg]
;DdfggLo;efd'vHo"sf] cfb]zfg';f/sf] ;"rgf kf6L{df6fFl;Psf] 5 . ;fy}
Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnosf] r=g++ !& ldlt @)^*.(.* sf]kqfg';f/
pQm ;"rgf;d]t ;+nUg u/L;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd
ldlt @)^*.(.& b]lv !) lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6
Ifltsf]d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{ d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6ug]{ eGg]
hfgsf/L u/fOof] .
d hgk|ltlglw ePsf] x}l;otn]hgtfsf] ;d:of ;DdfgLt
;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v tyfdfggLo ;ef;bHo"xnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' /;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' d]/f] st{Jo 7fg]/ljut
Psjif{b]lv af]Ngsf] nflu ;do dfuu/]sf]df af]Ng lbOPsf] 5}g . o;af6
g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-!_ !@-#_/ !@-#_-s_ ;d]taf6
k|Tofe"t xssf] xgg\ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dnfO{ lgnDag ug{ /
d]/f]kfl/>ldsaf6 Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfg"gL cfwf/;+ljwfg;ef
lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pQm lgodfjnLsf]
Joj:yfx]bf{ s'g} ;b:on] ;ef ejgdf zflGt ;'Joj:yftyf cg'zf;g e u/]df
jf ug{ nfu]df jf;+ljwfg;efsf] k|lti7fdf wSsf nfUg] lsl;dn];ef
ejgleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQ b]vfPdf jfan k|of]u u/]df jf ug{ nfu]df
cWoIfn] lghnfO{an k|of]u u/L ;ef ejgaf6 lgisfzg ug{dof{bfkfnsnfO{
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/LlgnDag ubf{ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfn] a9Ldf
!)lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg]Joj:yf eP klg pQm lgodfjnLsf]
lgod $^df slxF klg cfly{s Ifltk"lt{ ;ef;baf6 e/fpg]Joj:yf 5}g .
o;/L lgodfjnLdf pNn]vgePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ dnfO{ ;kmfOsf]df}sf;d]t
glbO{ d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf x'g]u/L ul/Psf] :j]R5frf/L lg0f{o
sfg"g;\ut5}g . ;+ljwfg;efdf o;cl3 ePsf o:tfk|s[ltsf 36gfdf s'g} klg
dfggLo ;ef;bnfO{s'g} klg sf/jfxL ul/Psf] 5}g t/ dnfO{ sf/jfxLug'{
;ljwfgk|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsk|lts"n 5 .
;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod !$^ cg';f/ cfr/0f cg'udg
;ldlt/xg]5 eGg] Joj:yfcg'k xfn;Dd To:tf]
()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx
lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v
;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
980980980980980
;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5}g . s'g} ;b:on] lgod!$% sf] pklgod ! df
plNnlvt cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn\3gsf ;DaGwdf s'g} ;ldltu7g g} gu/L
:j]R5frf/L lx;fan] ul/Psf]sf/jfxL lgod;\ut 5}g . t;y{,
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] bzf}+ clwj]zg a}7s ;+Vof *@ ;"rgfg+= $ cg';f/sf]
sf/jfxL ddfly ubf{ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f
!@-#_-s_,wf/f !#-!_ ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod #$-s_, $^,
!$^, !$&-v_;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod !$,!% ljk/Lt ePsfn] pQm ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]lg0f{o
pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L dnfO{;ef;bsf] x}l;otdf hgtfsf]
tkm{af6;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf;efd'v;Fu ;do dfu]kl5 af]Ng
lbg lbnfpgx'g egL / d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6 s'g} klg /sdu}/sfg"gL
tl/sfn] sf gug{, gu/fpg' x'gegL ljkIfLsf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z
hf/Lu/L kfpFm . ;fy} ljkIfLxsf] pk/f]Qm lg0f{otTsfn sfof{Gjog ePaf6
d lgj]bsnfO{cfly{s Pj+ dfgl;skdf ck"/0fLo Iflt x'g;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf
ePsf]n] pQm lg0f{osfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egL cGtl/dcfb]z;d]t hf/L
u/L kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf];+hos'df/ ;fxsf] l/6 lgj]bg kq .
o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L
x'g gkg]{ xf]cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg]{ eP af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egL ;"rgf
k7fO{lnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ .
cGtl/d cfb]zsf]dfu u/] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod $^ df Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg ;Sg]Joj:yf ePsf] gb]lvPsf]
l:yltdf k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf clGtd 6'f] gnfu];Dd lgj]bsnfO{Joj:yflksf
;+;b ;lrjfnon] n]v]sf] r=g++&! ldlt @)^*.(.* df
plNnlvtkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] eGg]sfo{jfxL cl3
ga9fpg' egL ljkIfLsf gfpFdf;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf]
lgod$!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf]5 . ;f]sf] ;"rgf
ljkIfLxnfO{ lbO{ lgodfg';f/ug'{ eGg] o; cbfnt Ps
GofofwLzsf]Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!).!# sf] cfb]z .
lgj]bssf] l/6 lgj]bg lhsL/ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f
%^ ljk/LtJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/;Fu ;DalGwtGoflos lgk0fsf]
dfkb08 ljBdfg gePsf]cbfntaf6 Gofoof]Uo x'g g;Sg] ljifo
ePsf]n]k|:t't l/6 btf{of]Uo g} g/x]sf] lgj]bg ub{5' .Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]a}7sdf ljkIfL dfggLo ;b:on] k|bz{g
u/]sf]cfklQhgs Pj+ Wj+;fTds Jojxf/ / To;pk/Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf
;DdfggLo ;efd'vn];+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^n] lbPsf]
ljz]if clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ug'{ ePsf]cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxLsf] ljifonfO{
clgoldt/ c;+j}wflgs eGg] lhsL/ lnO{ k|:t't l/6lgj]bg bfo/ ug'{
ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f %^-@_
dfJoj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s sfdsf/jfxL lgoldt ug]{ k"0f{
clwsf/ /xg]5 /s'g} sf/jfxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}gegL lg0f{o
ug]{ clwsf/ Joj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g}
cbfntdfk|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 . ;+ljwfgn] :ki6kdf
;dsIfL csf]
-
981981981981981
Psnf}6L clwsf/sf] kdf :yflkt u/]sf] /cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qsf] :ki6
;Ldf nufPsf]ljifodf l/6 bfo/ ug]{ xsb}of lgj]bsnfO{ 5}g/ of]
ljifonfO{ Goflos k'g/fnf]sgsf] ljifosf]kdf u|x0f ug] { clwsf/If]q
;DdfgLtcbfntnfO{ klg /x]sf] 5}g . o;/L ;DdfgLtcbfntdf btf{ of]Uo g}
g/x]sf] ljifodf lgj]bgu|x0f u/L Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'v lj4sf/0f
b]vfpm cfb]z hf/L ug]{ ;DdfgLtcbfntsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6
ldlt@)^*.!).!# df ePsf] cfb]z g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]
:ki6k|lts"n /x]sf] 5 . of]k|Zg Goflos lgk0fsf] ljifo gx'g]
egL;+ljwfgn] g} lgk0f ul/;s]sf] ljifo xf] .
hxfF;Dd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd6'f] gnfu];Dd lgj]bsnfO{
Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnon] n]v]sf] r=g+= &! ldlt @)^*.(.*sf] kqdf
plNnlvt kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/LIfltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg'
egL;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod$!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z
hf/L ePsf]cj:yf 5 . To; ;DaGwdf x]bf{ k|:t't lgj]bgsf]xsdf cGtl/d
cfb]z hf/L ug]{ cj:yf g}ljBdfg 5}g . lgj]bssf] cg'zf;gxLg,cfklQhgs
/ Wj+;fTds Jojxf/ lj4;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd
;efd'vaf6 ldlt @)^*.(.& df ePsf]cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjog Joj:yflksf
;+;b;lrjfnon] ldlt @)^*.(.@! df g} ul/;s]sf]cj:yf xf] . lghsf]
Wj+;fTds Jojxf/af6 Ifltx'g k'u]sf a}7s sIfsf] 8]lnu]6\;
dfOssf]jf:tljs If ltsf ] k | f ljlwsn ] u/ ]sf ]d"Nofgafktsf] ()
xhf/;d]t ;Def/sfnflu lghsf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ldlt@)^*.(.@! df
g} /fhZj bflvnf eO{ ;s]sf]
cj:yf 5 . o;/L @)^*, kf}if @! ut] g} k"0f{sfof{Gjog eO{ g}
;s]sf] ljifodf @)^*, df3!@ df bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdf
;DdfgLtcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.!).!# dfkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{
e/fpg]sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL hf/L ul/Psf]cGtl/d cfb]z ;jf]{Rr
cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod $!-!_ k|lts"n eO{ lg/y{s;fljt ePsf]
Joxf]/f lgj]bg ub{5' .
ljkIfL lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]a}7sdf l/;sf] cfj]udf cfO{
cfkm"n] b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfO{s Iflt u/]sf] tYo lgj]bgsf]k|s/0f g+=
$ df :jLsf/ g} ug'{ ePsf] cj:yf5 . of] sfo{ dfggLo ;b:oaf6 ePsf]
;fdfGocfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] pNn\3g dfq geO{ kbLodof{bfljk/Lt cfklQhgs,
Wj+;fTds / /fli6o;DklQsf] ef}lts Iflt k'ofpg];Ddsf] cgk]lIftsfo{
xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod $^ n] ;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf
;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]
5 eg] lgod !^# n];+ljwfg;efsf] xftfleq ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];DaGwdf
cWoIfnfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] s/af6 ;+slnt
/sdaf6Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6o ;DklQ hgtfsf] s/af6;+slnt /fli6o
/fhZjaf6 g} kfl/>lds lng];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmaf6 Iflt
/xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofOG5 eg] To:tf] JolQmsf]kfl/>ldsaf6 g} sf u/L
xflg gf]S;fgL k'u]sf]To:tf] /fli6o ;DklQsf] Ifltk"lt{ u/fpg'dgfl;a,
ljj]sk/s / :jfefljs sfo{ xf] .;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfdf cGtlg{xLt
of]clwsf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] xsb}of lgj]bsdf5}g . o;nfO{ klg cGoyf
lng] xf] eg] /fHosfdxjk"0f{ csf k|d'vsf] lhDdfsf] /fli6o
()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx
lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v
;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
982982982982982
;DklQ ;+/If0f ug{ g;sL ;fj{hlgs pQ/bflojg} /x]sf] JolQmaf6 Iflt
k'ofpg] sfo{n] k|>okfO{ cg'zf;gxLg / hglxt lj/f]wL sfo{nfO{klg
:jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ lj8Dagfk"0f{ cj:yf l;h{gfx'g k'Ug] :jtM :ki6 5 .
ctM ;+ljwfg;efsf];b:o h:tf] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]JolQmaf6
;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf /x]sf] /fli6o;DklQsf] Iflt k'ofpg] sfo{lj4 ;+ljwfg
/sfg "gadf ] lhd ;efd 'vdf cGtlg {xLtclwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ePsf] sfd
sf/jfxLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw;DaGwLljifo eO{
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uo ljifo
x'g} g;Sg]Joxf]/f ;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf ljgd|tfk"j{slgj]bg ug{ rfxG5'
eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf];+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;efd'v;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf\sf] lnlvt hjfkm .
lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't
l/6lgj]bgsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L lgj]bstkm{af6pkl:yt ljfg clwjQmfo
>L ;'gLn /+hgl;+x / >L bLk]Gb| emfn] lgj]bs ;+hos'df/;fx
;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ;b:osf]kdf hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw
ePsf]n]hgtfsf ;d:ofaf/] ;DdfggLo ;efd'v tyfdfggLo ;ef;bHo"xnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fpg' /;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' lgj]bssf] st{Jog} xf] .
;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf];ef;b ePsf ] x ' Fbf ;+;bdf
hgtfsf;d:ofxsf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQmug'{ ;+ljwfgk|bQ clwsf/
klg xf] . lgj]bsn];+;bdf k6sk6s af]Ng vf]Hbf af]Ng glbPsf]/ ldlt
@)^*.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf af]Ng ;dodfu ubf{ klg ;DdfggLo
;efd'vHo"n] af]NgglbO{ a}7s g} :ylut ug'{ ePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bs
tTsfn cfj]udf cfO{ lghaf6 b'O{j6f dfOsIflt x'g uPsf] xf] . o;}
ljifonfO{ lnO{ ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;"rgfkq $cg';f/
lgj]bsaf6 Joj:yflksf ;+;bdfcdof{lbt, cg'zf;g e x'g],
a}7sleqWj+;fTds k|j[lQ b]vfPsf] egL lghnfO{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePs} ldltb]lv !)lbg;Ddsf]
nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lgj]bsn]
kfpg]kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;Da4;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg]
eGg];d]tsf] ;"rgfk|sflzt ul/of] . pQm lgod $^ df cWoIfn]ljz]if
clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;b:onfO{ a9Ldf!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{;Sg]
Joj:yfeP tfklg pQm lgoddf ;ef;baf6 cfly{sIfltk"lt{ e/fpg ;Sg]
Joj:yf 5}g . lgodsfg"gdf g} gePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L:j]R5frf/Lkdf
cfly{s b08 ul/Psf] lg0f{oab/efuL 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf]
lgod !$^ df cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltsf]Joj:yf 5 . lgod !$& -s_ df
;ldltsf]sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] / !$& -v_df cfr/0fsf
;DaGwdf p7]sf k|Zgsf] cfjZoshfgsf/L lng] Joj:yf 5 . t/, pQm ;ldlt
g}u7g gu/L :j]R5frf/L lx;fan] ul/Psf] sf/jfxLlgod;\ut 5}g . t;y{,
;efd'vsf] ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] lg0f{o pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/u/L
lgj]bsaf6 s'g} klg /sd u}/sfg"gLt/Lsfn] sf gug{' gu/fpg' eGg]
k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpFm egL ug'{ ePsf] ax;;d]t;'lgof] .
@= ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;b;d]tsf ] tkm {af6 pkl:yt
ljfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L /]jtL/fh lqkf7Ln] k|:t't
-
983983983983983
l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljifo ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k"0f{
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ljifoePsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 lgk0f x'g]ljifo xf]Og
. ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;d]t sfo{ ug]{
;+ljwfg;efleqsf]sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ lgoldt ug]{ clwsf/k"0f{kdf ;f]
;efnfO{ 5 . l/6 lgj]bsn]lgj]bgdf st} klg cfkm"af6
;+ljwfg;efleqtf]8kmf]8 gePsf] jf pQm ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf]Iflt caf6
ePsf] eGg] lhsL/ lnPsf]b]lvFb}g . a lghn] @)^*, k'if * ut]
k|sflztgofF klqsfdf lbPsf] k|ltlqmofdf tf]8kmf]8ePsf] s'/f :jLsf/
ub}{ cfkm"nfO{ pQm sfo{sfnflu Unflg gePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf]b]lvG5
. lghaf6 tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] s'/f lglj{jfbePkl5 ;f]sf] pQ/bfoL lghafx]s
cGo JolQmx'g] eGg] s'/f x'Fb}g . hglgjf{lrt jf hgk|ltlglwePs}
cfwf/df lghnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{sf] kl/0ffdef]Ug gkg]{ u/L s'g}
;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gLk|fjwfgn] pGd'lQm lbFb}g . ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf
;+;bnfO{ cfkm\gf] sf/jfxL lgoldtug{;Sg] k"0f{ clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{
;+;bLo k|rngtyf ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ul/dfsfod ug'{sf]
;fy} ;fj{ef}d hgtfk|lt ;DdfgJoQm ub{5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,
@)^%sf] lgod $^ n] ;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf ;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg ;+ljwfg;efsf
cWoIfnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] lgod !^# n];+ljwfg;efsf]
xftfleq ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];DaGwdf cWoIfnfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g]
Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfdf cGtlg{xLtof] clwsf/nfO{
r'gf}tL lbg] xsb}of lgj]bsdf5}g . ctM ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:o
h:tf];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf ] JolQmaf6;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf /x]sf]
/fli6o ;DklQsf]
Iflt k'ofpg] sfo{ lj4 ;+ljwfg /sfg "gadf ] lhd ;efd 'vdf cGtlg {
lxtclwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s
sfo{ljlw;DaGwLljifo eO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{
ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uo ljifo x'g g;Sg]x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 vf/]h u/L kfpFm
egL ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .
#= plNnlvt ax; ;'gL lgj]bs Pj+ljkIfLtkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt ax;
gf]6;d]tcWoog u/L lg0f{o ;'gfpgsf] nflu cfhsf]tf/]v tf]lsPsf]
k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgDgk|Zgxsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof]
M-!_ lgj]bsnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf
;+;bdf !) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDagu/L a}7s sIfdf ePsf] Ifltsf]
/sdlgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf ug]{ u/L;efd 'vaf6 ePsf ] lg0f
{o;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ljifo xf] jf
o;cbfntaf6 Goflos lg/f]k0f x'g ;Sg]xf] ldsaf6 sf ug]{ u/L;efd'vaf6
ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt5 jf 5}g ldsaf6sf ug]{ u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt ;+;bLobnnfO{ lbg] eGg] ;DdfggLo ;efd'vsf] cfb]zq'l6k"0f{
ePsf] bfjL ub}{ pQm cfb]z ab/ u/LJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf af]Ng ;do lbg
lbnfpgPj+ kfl/>ldsaf6 s'g} /sd sf gug{ gu/fpgk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z
hf/Lsf] dfu u/]sf] kfOG5 .ljkIfL Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'vsf]
tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkmdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf dfggLo ;b:o l/6
lgj]bsaf6 cfkm\gf]kbLo dof{bfljk/Lt Wj+;fTds sfo{ u/L a}7ssIfsf]
;DklQsf] ef}lts Iflt k'ofpg];Ddsf]cgk]lIft sfo{ ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg;ef
lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^ / lgod !^# cg';f/;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{
ePsf] clwsf/ k|of]uu/L !) lbg lgnDag Pj+ Ifltsf] /sd lghn]kfpg]
kfl/>ldsaf6 sf ug]{ cfb]z ePsf]xf] . pQm cfb]z Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] cfGtl/ssfo{ljlw;DaGwL ljifo eO{ Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uoljifo gePsf]n] l/6
lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpFmeGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .
%= k|:t't ljjfbdf l/6 lgj]bsJoj:yflksf ;+;b;+ljwfg;efsf]
;b:oePsf] / ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]
a}7sdf lgj]bsaf6 b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] tYodf
ljjfbb]lvGg . lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k6sk6s af]Ng
rfx]sf] / ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] a}7sdf klg af]Ng gkfPsf]n]
PSsf;L p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL sfa'aflx/sf]l:ylt l;h{gf eO{ dfgl;s
c;Gt'ng x'g uO{b'O{j6f 8]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] tYonfO{:jLsf/
u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]
a}7sdf x'g uPsf]plNnlvt 36gfsf ;DaGwdf ;efd'v;dIfJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf
;DalGwt sd{rf/Lxaf6k|ltj]bg k]z eO{ ;efd'vaf6, Joj:yflksf;+;bsf
dfggLo ;b:o >L ;+hos'df/ ;fxn]k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf]
cdof{lbt,cg'zf;g e x'g] / a}7sleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQb]vfPsf] x'Fbf
lghnfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^ adf]lhd cfhsf]
ldltb]lv!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] oyfy{
d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lghn]kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f ]sf
]hfgsf/L;d]t ;Da4 ;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg] /cfb]z ;"rgfkqdf k|sfzg ug]{
eGg] ldlt@)^*.(.& df lg0f{o eO{ ;"rgf k|sflzt x'g'sf;fy}
lgj]bsnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L lbPsf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfLtkm{af6 pQm lg0f{o
;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] eO{Goflos lg/f]k0fsf]
ljifo gx'g] lhsL/ lnPsf]x'Fbf ;f];DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL
Joj:yfx]g'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .
^= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f %^-@_ df Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] k|To]sa}7snfO{ cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxLlgoldt ug]{
k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg] 5 / s'g} sfdsf/jfxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g
egLlg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt a}7snfO{ dfqx'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g}
cbfntdf k|Zgp7fOg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o:t}wf/f %^ sf cGo
pkwf/fxdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljleGg ljz]ifflwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/L
-
985985985985985
wf/f %^ pkwf/f -*_ df o; ;+ljwfgdfpNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s
ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwLcGo s'/fx sfg"gf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhdx'g]5g\
eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . &= ;+;bLo ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfcGo
b]zxsf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf/ ;+;bLo cEof;;d]tnfO{ x]bf{
a]nfotsf];+;bnfO{ zlQmzfnL dflgG5 . tyflk j]nfotsf];+;bsf]
ljz]ifflwsf/ sfg"gaf6 g} lgwf{l/tePsf] dflgG5 . a]nfotsf] ;+;bf/f
;g @)!@sf] clk|ndf kfl/t "Parliamentary Privilege"sf] bkmf !* df
"Parliamentary privilege is partof the law, rather than something
that puts MPsor peers above the law." eGg] pNn]v ePsf]kfO{G5 .
ef/tsf] lbNnL ljZjljBfnosf k|f]km];/d+unrGb| h}gf/f lnlvt !(&%
df k|sflzt"The Constitution of India" gfdsf] k':tssf] k[i7g+= !(*
df, "In Ingland the privileges ofparliament flow from the law of
land; and neitherHouse has power to create any new privilegewhich
is not recognized by the common law andprecedent. It has no justify
its right to a privilegeon the authority of the common law
andprecedent." eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . sdgn / cbfntL ghL/xn]
dfGotf lbPsf] eGbfa9L zlQm tyf ljz]ifflwsf/ a]nfotsf] ;+;bn]k|of]u
gug]{ ;+;bLo cEof; ePsf] kfOG5 .
*= ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfef/tsf] ;+ljwfg, !($( sf] wf/f
!)% dfJoj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 . ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg, !($(sf] wf/f !)% sf]
pkwf/f # df, "In otherrespects, the powers, privileges and
immunitiesof each House of Parliament, and of themembers and the
committees of each House,shall be such as may from time to time be
defined
by Parliament by law..." cyf{t\ ;+;bsf] k|To]s;bg, o;sf ;b:o /
;ldltxsf] clwsf/,pGd'lQm / ;'ljwfx ;do;dodf ;+;baf6lgld{t sfg"gf/f
lgwf{l/t x'G5g\ eGg] Joj:yf/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L a]nfotsf] ;+;bLo
cEof;,ef/tsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf Pj+ g]kfnsf];+j}wflgs Joj:yf x]bf{
;+;bLo ljz]ifflwsf/sfg"gL Joj:yfeGbf aflx/ geP/ ;+;bnfO{sfg"gaf6 g}
k|fKt x'g] clwsf/ dflgG5 .
(= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f %^-@_ df ePsf]
Joj:yfcg';f/Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfkm\gf]cfGtl/s sfd
sf/jfxL lgoldt ug]{ clwsf//x]sf] 5 . of] clwsf/ d"ne"tkdf ;+;bsf]k
|To ]s a}7ssf ] sfo{ ;~rfng;DaGwLsfo{ljlwut k|lqmof Pj+ ;f]
k|lqmofcg'k ePsfsfd sf/jfxL;Fu ;DalGwt /xg] x'G5 .Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfkm\gf]cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxL lgoldt ug]
{ljz]ifflwsf/ ePsf]df ljjfb 5}g . s;}nfO{;hfo ug]{ ljifo sfo{ljlwut
k|lqmof;Fu;DalGwt geO{ ;f/e"t sfg"g;Fu ;DalGwtx'G5 . ;hfo ubf{
sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhdcf/f]lkt s;"/sf ;DaGwdf cfjZos 5fglagu/L
;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf;d]t k|bfg u/L sfg"gn]tf]s]adf]lhddfq ;hfo ul/G5 .
;+ljwfgsf]wf/f %^-*_ df o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lvafx]s
ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwL s'/fx sfg"gf/flgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5g\ eGg]
Joj:yfePsf] kfOG5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^
df ;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg] cWoIfsf] clwsf/cGtu{t pklgod-!_ df o;
kl/R5]b\df o;cl3 h'g;'s} s'/fn]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} ;b:on] ;ef
ejgdfzflGt, ;'Joj:yf tyf cg'zf;g e u/]df jf
()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx
lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v
;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
986986986986986
ug{ nfu]df jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|lti7fdf wSsfnfUg] lsl;dn] ;ef
ejgleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQb]vfPdf jf an k|of]u u/]df jf ug{
nfu]dfcWoIfn] lghnfO{ an k|of]u u/L ;ef ejgaf6tTsfn lgisfzg ug{
dof{bfkfnsnfO{ cfb]zlbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L lgisflzt ;b:onfO{cWoIfn] a9Ldf
bz lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDagug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]kfOG5 .
;f]xL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf cfwf/dflgj]bsnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf !) lbg;Ddsf]
nflulgnDag u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfgdf ePsf]
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs
Joj:yfafx]sJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfcGo sfg"gL
Joj:yf ePsf] kfOGg . k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf plNnlvt ljjfb /
;efd'vsf]cfb]zaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ ul/Psf] cfly{sb08;DaGwL ljifo
;+ljwfgdf Joj:yfePcg'k ljz]ifflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvPsf], cGoP]g jf
lgoddf klg k|:t't ljjfb / ;hfoljz]ifflwsf/leq kg]{ eGg] sfg"gL
Joj:yfgb]lvFbf k|:t't ljjfb ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/leqsf] geO{ o;
cbfntaf6 Goflos lg/f]k0fx'g ;Sg] b]lvof] .
!)= bf];|f ] lgk0f ug' {kg] { k|Zglgj]bsnfO{
;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L
8]lnu]6\;dfOsdf ePsf] Ifltsf] /sd lgj]bsn] kfpg]kfl/>ldsaf6 sf
ug]{ egL ;+ljwfg;efsf;efd'vaf6 ePsf] cfb]z sfg"g;Ddt\ 5 jf5}g eGg]
;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf hgtfsf ;/f]sf/ /
rf;f]sfljifodf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf] nflu;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ldlt@)^(.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf ;d]t af]Ng gkfPsfn]
PSsf;L p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL cfkm"af68]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g
uPsf] tYo :jLsf/u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsaf6 b'O{j6f 8]lnu]6\;dfOs
Iflt x'g uPsf] sf/0f sd{rf/Laf6k|ltj]bg lnO{ ;efd'vaf6
lgj]bsnfO{;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf !)lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag Pj+
dfOsdf ePsf]Ifltsf] /sd lgj]bsn] kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6sf ug]{] cfb]z
ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;efd'vaf6pQm cfb]z ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf]
lgod $^ nfO{ sfg"gL cfwf/ lnPsf]kfOG5 . pQm lgod $^ -!_ df ePsf]
sfg"gLJoj:yfn] ;+ljwfg;efdf ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];Gbe{df ;+ljwfg;efsf
;b:onfO{ ;efejgaf6 lgisf;g ug'{sf ;fy} a9Ldf !)lbg;Ddsf nflu lgnDag
ug{;Sg] u/L;efd'vnfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOof] . oLlgj]bsn]
;+ljwfg;efdf an k|of]u u/L b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOsdf Iflt k'ofPsf]
tYo k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] / pQm sfo{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod $^df jl0f{t sfo{leqs} b]lvg cfof] . lgj]bsaf6ePsf]
sfo{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod $^ sf] k|lts"n b]lvFbf
;efd'vn];+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^n] k|bfg u/]sf]
clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;+ljwfg;efejgaf6 tTsfn lgisf;g u/L bz
lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/]sf] sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt g}b]lvof] .
!!= ca lgj]bsaf6 dfOsdf x'g uPsf]Ifltsf] d"Nofg u/L lgj]bssf]
kfl/>ldsaf6sf ug]{ egL ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt ePgeP ;DaGwdf
ljrf/ ubf{ ljkIfLtkm{sf] lnlvthjfkmdf pQm /sd c;"nLsf] lg0f{osf]
sfg"gLcfwf/;d]t ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]
-
987987987987987
lgod $^ g} pNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] . t/, pQmlgod $^ df Ifltsf] /sd
c;"nL jf ;b:onfO{cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg] ;DaGwdf s'g}sfg"gL Joj:yf
ePsf] b]lvGg . ljlwsf] zf;g(Rule of law) df s'g} klg sfo{ sfg"gn]
lgb]{zgu/]cg'k jf sfg"gadf]lhd dfq x'G5 . To;dfklg s;}nfO{ s'g}
sfo{ u/]afkt cfly{s b08jf cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/G5eg]
To:tf] lg0f{o sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf] eGbfaflx/ uO{ x'g ;Sb}g .
sfg"gL Joj:yf eGbfaflx/ uO{ s;}nfO{ cfly{s b08 lbg]
sfo{nfO{ljz]ifflwsf/leq k5{ eGg gldNg] x'G5 .lgj]bsnfO{ cfly{s
bfloTj axg u/fpg] sfg"gLJoj:Yff g} gePsf] lgod pNn]v
u/Lljz]ifclwsf/cGtu{t lg0f{o ul/Psf] eGg]ljkIfLtkm{sf] egfO{ /x]sf]
kfOG5 . s'g} klg;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm jf lgsfon];+ljwfg jf
;f]adf]lhd ag]sf sfg"gaf6ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . ;+ljwfg jf
cGok|rlnt sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ljlw;Ddt\ eO{ ;f]adf]lhd
eP u/]sf sfo{n]dfq j}wflgstf k|fKt ub{5 . ljz]ifflwsf/sf]gfddf
sfg"gn] clwsf/ g} glbPsf] lg0f{o jfcfb]z x'g uPdf To:tf] cfb]z
sfg"gk|lts"neO{ To;n] j}wflgs dfGotf kfpg ;Sb}g .dfly k|Zg g+= ! df
ljj]rgf ul/Padf]lhdlgj]bspk/ ul/Psf] lg0f{o
;+ljwfg;efsf]ljz]ifflwsf/leq gkg]{ / ;+ljwfg;efdf;'Joj:yf sfod
/fVg] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% n] cfly{s bflojsf] kdf/sd
c;"nL ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;efd'vnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg gu/]sf] / ;efd'vn]
;b:oaf6a}7s sIfdf x'g uPsf] ef}lts Ifltsf] lgdf{0fug{ ;b:onfO{
cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpglg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] cGo sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]
cefjdf
lgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 Ifltsf] /sd c;"npk/ ug]{ u/L
;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf; +;bsf ;efd 'vaf6 ePsf ] lg0f
{osfg"gk|lts"nsf] b]lvof] .
!@= t];|f] tyf clGtd k|Zg lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L
ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]OgeGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ dfly k|Zg g+= @sf ;DaGwdf
ul/Psf] ljj]rgfcg';f/ lgj]bsn];+ljwfg;efdf an k|of]u u/L b'O{j6f
8]lnu]6\;dfOsdf Iflt k'ofPsf] tYo k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf ]
/ pQm sfo{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^df jl0f{t sfo{leqsf]
eO{ pQm lgod $^ sf]k|lts"n b]lvFbf ;efd'vn] ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL,
@)^% sf] lgod $^ n] k|bfgu/]sf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L
;+ljwfg;efejgaf6 tTsfn lgisfzg u/L bz lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/]sf]
sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt\ ePsfn];f]xb;Dd lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L
ul//xg' k/]g . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% n] cfly{s bflojsf] kdf
lgj]bssf]kfl/>ldsaf6 /sd c;"nL ug{;Sg] u/L;efd'vnfO{ ljz]if
clwsf/ k|bfg gu/]sf] /;efd'vn] ;b:oaf6 a}7s sIfdf x'g uPsf]ef}lts
Ifltsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;b:onfO{ cfly{sbfloj axg u/fpg lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]
cGosfg"gL Joj:yfsf ] cefjdf lgj]bssf]kfl/>ldsaf6 8]lnu]6\;
dfOsdf ePsf] Ifltsf]/sd c;"npk/ ug]{ u/L ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf
;+;bsf ;efd'vaf6 ePsf] lg0f{osfg"gk|lts"nsf] b]lvFbf ;f] xb;Dddf
ljkIfLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'vaf6 ldlt@)^*.(.& df ePsf] lg0f{o
pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zaf6ab/ x'g] 7x5{ .
()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx
lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb|
g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v
;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
988988988988988
!#= lgj]bsaf6 8]lnu]6\; dfOsdfePsf] Ifltsf] /sd k|fljlwsaf6
d"Nofg u/fO{lgj ]bssf ] kf l/>ldsaf6 sf ug ] {lg0f{oadf]lhd Iflt
x'g k'u]sf a}7s sIfsf]8]lnu]6\; dfOssf] jf:tljs Ifltsf]
k|fljlwsn]u/]sf] d"Nofgafktsf] () xhf/ dd{t;Def/sf nflu lghsf]
kfl/>ldsaf6 sfu/L ldlt @)^*.(.@! df /fhZj bflvnf eO{;s]sf] egL
ljkIfLtkm{sf] lnlvt hjfkmdfpNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|:t't lgj]bgdf
o;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.!).!# dfkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{
e/fpg]sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L e} /x]sf] eP klg
cfb]z hf/L x'g'k"j{ g} () xhf/ lgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf
u/fO{lgj]bsdfly cfly{s bfloTj axg u/fOPsf]b]lvFbf pQm /sd (),))).
lgj]bs;+hos'df/ zfxnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL ljkIfLJoj:yflksf ;+;b
;lrjfnosf gfddfk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . of]
cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnonfO{lbg" . k|:t't l/6sf]
bfo/Ltkm{sf] nut sfu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf d
;xdt 5' .Gof=k|sfz j:tLOlt ;Djt\ @)&) ;fn c;f/ @^ ut] /f]h $
z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M lzjk|;fb vgfn
;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;=sf=d'=k|=GofofwLz >L
bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{
dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLcfb]z ldlt M @)&).%.#!.@l/6
g+= )^&WO!)^$
d'2fM pTk]|if0f, k/dfb]z .
lgj]bs M If]qLo KnfG6 Sjf/f]lG6g sfof{no,jL/u~hdf s[lif ;]jf
afnL ;+/If0f ;d"xsf]/f=k=t[= >]0fLdf sfo{/t\ hLt]Gb| ofbj
lj4ljkIfL M nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{nocgfdgu/,
sf7df8f};d]t
Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] nx/dfn]lvFb}df ;a} z}lIfs pkflwsf] :t/
/dfGotf ;fdfg x'g] cy{ ug{ gldNg] .
-k|s/0f g+=!!_ sfg"gn] clVtof/L lbPsf] lgsfon]
u/]sf] lg0f{o k"jf{u|xL, sk6k"0f{ / ljlwk|lqmofk|lts"n /x]sf]
egL o; cbfntdfr'gf}tL lbOPsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;f]lg0f{osf] Goflos
k/LIf0f x'g ;Sb5 .cGoyf clwsf/k | f Kt lgsfosf ]ljlw;Ddt\
k|lqmofaf6 ;DkGg ePsf]lg0f{osf xsdf cfz+sf ug{ gldNg] .
-k|s/0f g+=!@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] pkNnf] Ohnf;sf]
ghL/ ;jf]{Rr cbfnts} pkNnf] eGbfsd GofofwLz ;+nUg Ohnf;sf
nflu
lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+=
()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!
&&&&&
-
989989989989989
/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ghL/ dftxftsfcbfnt;d]tsf Goflos tyf
cw{Gofloslgsfonufot ;a}sf nflu GofofwLzlgld{t sfg"gsf kdf afWosf/L
x'g] .
-k|s/0f g+=!$_ aL=P:;L= -Pu|L=_ s} cfwf/df Pd=P:;L=
OlG6df]nf]hL cWoog u/L pQL0f{ x'G5 /;f]nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfoxn]
:gftsf]Q/dfGb5g\ eg] Tof] cltl/Qm z}lIfs pkflwxf] . ;]jf k|j]z ubf{
aL= P:;L= -Pu|L=_sf] pkflw b]vfO{ ;]jf k|j]z u/]sfxdWo] s;}n]
Pd=P:;L= -Pu|L_ sf] z}lIfsof]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] eP cltl/Qm
z}lIfspkflw dflgg], t/ s;}n] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL u/]sf] eP gdflgg]
egLcy{ ug'{ ts{;+ut gx'g] .
-k|s/0f g+=!*_ ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ k|fKt u/]sf] pkflweGbf
dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] pkflw k|fKte} ;f] pkflw pQm ;]jf ;d"x
jfpk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ljifosf] cltl/Qmpkflw ePsf] :ki6 b]lvPsf]
cj:yfdfsfo{Ifdtf d"Nofgf/f ul/g] a9'jfdflgj]bsn] k|fKt u/]sf]
pkflwnfO{cltl/Qm pkflwsf] c k|bfg u/L a9'jfug'{kg]{ .
-k|s/0f g+=!(_
lgj]bstkm{af6 M ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmf>L xl/k|;fb pk]|tL, ljfg
clwjQmfx>L ;tL;s'df/ emf / >L c0f 1afnL
ljkIfLtkm{af6 M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf>L /]jtL/fh lqkf7L, ljfg
clwjQmf >Ldft[sfk|;fb lg/f}nf
cjnlDat ghL/ M g]sfk @)^& c %lg=g+=*#^# k[i7 ^((, g]sfk @)^#
c^ lg=g+=&&!) k[i7 &@), g]sfk @)%^c @ lg=g+= ^^^# k[i7
*!
;Da4 sfg"g M g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"xtyf >]0fL ljefhg /
lgo'lQm_ lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] lgod & ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rL# sf] bxfo
-r_ %
cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tL M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d
;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd o;cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f
clwsf/ cGtu{t bfo/x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] tYo / 7x/ o;k|sf/
5M
d lgj]bs g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f;d"xsf] /f=k=t[tLo
>]0fLsf] kbdf ldlt@)%!.!@.!# df lgo'lQm kfO { ljleGgsfof{noxdf
sfo{/t\ /lxcfPsf] 5' . o;}aLrdfnf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ldlt
@)^^.^.@& sf]uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt a9'jf ;"rgf g+=$@)^&)^* sf]
lj1fkgadf]lhd g]kfn s[lif ;]jfafnL ;+/If0f ;d"xsf] /f=k= ltLo
>]0fLsf] kb;+Vof Ps / kl5 yk ul/Psf] Ps kb u/LhDdf kb ;+Vof
b'O{df sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nofgsfcfwf/df a9'jff/f k"lt{ ug]{ egL ;"rgf
k|sflztul/Psf ]df d lgj]bsn] klg ;DefJopDd]b\jf/sf] x}l;otn]
a9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fde/L a9'jf;DaGwL l;kmfl/z ;"rLdf
cfkm\gf]gfd;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] cfzfsf ;fy k|tLIff/t\/x]sf] lyPF .
o; } qmddf a9 'jf ;ldltsf ];lrjfnof/f ldlt @)^&.!!.@^ sf
]uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt a9'jf ;"rLdf d]/f] gfdl;kmfl/z gu/L cGo
JolQmxsf] gfd a9'jfsf]
()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj
lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf
cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
990990990990990
nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf]df ;f] a9'jf l;kmfl/zdfd]/f] lrQ ga'em]sf]n]
d}n] "National Chung HsingUniversity Taiwan" sf] "College of
Agricultureand Natural Resources" af6 h'nfO{ %, @)!)df xfl;n u/]sf]
Pd=P:;L OlG6df]nf]hL (M.ScEntomology) ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw cfkm"
sfo{/t\/x]sf] ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] tyf lqe'jgljZjljBfnon] ;DalGwt
ljifodf df:6/l8u|L;/x ;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/L k|yd >]0fLsfod
ul/lbPsf]n] ;f] z}lIfs pkflwafktcltl/Qm z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] c k|bfg
u/L d]/f]gfd a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z u/L kfpFm egLnf]s;]jf
cfof]u;dIf ph"/L u/]sf]df ;f] ph"/Lsf];DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 ldlt
@)^*.!.!( dflg0f{o x'Fbf, g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g ;d"x tyf>]0fL
ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx, @)%! dfg]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f
;d"xsf] /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfdfdfGotf
k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 aL=P:;L=-Pu|L=_jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jf
OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L=jf ;f] ;/x pNn]v ePsf] / lghn] k|fKt
u/]sf]Pd= P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw;]jf k|j]zsf]
nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf ePsf] b]lvFbf a9'jf ;ldltn]
;f] z}lIfspkflwnfO{ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf dfgL cu0fgf u/L a9'jf
l;kmfl/z u/]sf] ldn]s}b]lvPsf]n] ph"/stf{sf] lhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg]
eO{vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] lg0f{oePsf] s'/f ;f]
cfof]usf] lg0f{osf] gSsn dfuubf{ ldlt @)^*.!.@! df gSsn k|fKt
eO{yfxf hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf]n] cGofodf k/LGoflos pkrf/sf] lgldQ
;DdfgLt cbfntdfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .
d}n] k|fKt u/]sf] pQm pkflw tfOjfgsf]"National Chung Hsing
University" cGtu{t
"Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources"af6 xfl;n u/]sf]
pkflw xf] . cyf{t\\ pQmpkflw ljz'4 lj1fg (Pure Science)
tkm{sf]pkflw geO{ s[lif lj1fg (Agriculture Faculty)tkm{sf] pkflw
xf] eGg] s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb5}g . d}n] aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ sf] pkflw
xfl;nubf{ cWoog u/]sf ljifox dWo]sf] OlG6df]nf]hLljifo;d]t cWoog
u/]sf] s'/f d}n] xfl;nu/]sf] aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ sf] 6fG;lqmK6af6
k|i6b]lvG5 .
aL= P:;L= -Pu|L=_ cWoog ubf{ s[lif;Fu;DalGwt h] h'g ljifox cWoog
ul/G5g\ltg} ljifox dWo] s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/txsf] cWoog ul/g]
x'gfn] d}n] aL=P:;L=-Pu|L=_ df cWoog u/]sf] s[lif;DaGwL ljifoxdWo]
OlG6df]nf]hL ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ pkflwxfl;n u/]sf] x'F . ;f] pkflw
s[lif ljifocGtu{ts}:gftsf]Q/ pkflw xf] eGg] s'/f ;f] z}lIfspkflwsf]
k|df0fkqn] g} atfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .pQm z}lIfs pkflwnfO{ lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnokf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] ldlt @)^&.$.#! df;DalGwt
ljifodf df:6;{ l8u|L ;/x egL;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cj:yf 5
eg]lg=;]=lg= sf] lgod !@& adf]lhdsf] ;Da4tflgwf{/0f ;ldltaf6
ldlt @)^&.(.@) sf]lg0f{ocg';f/ d}n] xfl;n u/]sf] pQm
z}lIfspkflwnfO{ g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x;Fu;Dj4tf
lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/L lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj
:jod\;Da4tf ;ldltdf a;L lg0f{o u/]sf] cj:yfdflghsf];d]t k|ltlglwTj
ePsf] a9'jf ;ldltn];f]afkt c glbg] lg0f{o ug' { cfkm}
+dflj/f]wfefifk"0f{ 5 .
;Da4tf ;ldltn] ldlt @)^&.(.@)df g} ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug]{
lg0f{o u/]sf] /
-
991991991991991
a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ldlt @)^&.!!.@% sf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt@)^&.!!.@^ df a9'jfsf] glthf k|sfzg
u/]sf]cj:yfdf a9'jf ;ldltn] ;Da4tf ;ldltsf]pQm lg0f{oaf/] hfgsf/L
lnO{ lg=;]=P]gsf] bkmf@$3 -*_ / lg=;]=lg=sf] lgod !@&
adf]lhd;f] z}lIfs pkflwsf] c k|bfg ug'{kg]{ sfg"gLst{Joaf6 ljrlnt
ePsf] k|i6 b]lvG5 .
aL= P:;L=-Pu|L_ ul/;s]kl5 s[lifdxfljBfno (Agriculture College)
af6}Pd=P:;L= u/]sf] x'gfn] ;f] pkflw Pd= P:;L=-Pu|L_ ;/xs} pkflw
xf] . cWoogsf] k|d'vljifo OlG6df]nf]hL ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq
Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL elgPsf] xf] . ;f] s'/f "NationalChung Hsing
University Taiwan" sf] ^ d] @)!!tyf "Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science(IAAS) Department of Entomology, Rampur,Chitwan" sf]
ldlt @)^*.!.@^ sf] kqaf6;d]tk'li6 ePsf] 5 . ljz'4 lj1fgtkm{sf]
Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLdf OlG6df]nf]hLsf cfwf/e"t (Basic)s'/fx dfq
cWoog u/fOg] x'gfn] To:tf]pkflwnfO{ /f=k=t[= >]0fLsf] kbdf ;]jf
k|j]zsf]of]Uotfsf] kdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] cyf{t\\ aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ sf]
j}slNks pkflwsf] kdf /flvPsf]kfOG5 . t/, aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ kl5 cWoog
u/Ld}n] xfl;n u/]sf] pQm pkflwcGtu{t cWoogu/fOg] OlG6df]nf]hL
ljifosf] cWoog u/fpFbfOlG6df]nf]hLsf] pkNnf] (Advanced) s'/f
cWofkgu/fOg] x'gfn] k|:t't ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f ubf{ ;f]s'g :t/sf]
z}lIfs pkflw (Degree) xf] eGg]s'/f ulx/fOsf ;fy a'em\g' h/L x'g
cfpF5 .
ljkIfLxsf] pQm sfd sf/jfxL /lg0f{oaf6 dnfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]
wf/f !@-#_ -r_, !# -!_ / !(-!_ f/f k|bQ df}lnsxs tyf dfly plNnlvt
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g /
lg=;]=lg= f/f k|bQ sfg"gL xsxsf];d]txgg\ ePsf]n] tL xsx k|rng
u/fpg cGoj}slNks Pj+ k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] Joj:yfgePsf]n] cGtl/d
;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{
;DdfgLtcbfnt;dIf pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .
d}n] xfl;n u/]sf Pd=P:;L=OgOlG6df]nf]hL z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ ;]jf
k|j]zsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfeGbf dflyNnf] z}lIfsof]Uotfsf] dfGotf
glbg] u/L ePsf] a9'jf;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!!.@% sf] lg0f{o
;f]a9'jf ;ldltsf] lg0f{onfO{ g} ;b/ ug]{ u/Lcfof]uaf6 ePsf] ldlt
@)^*.!.!( sf] lg0f{oPj+ ;f] lg0f{oadf]lhd ljkIfLxnfO{ a9'jflgo'lQm
lbg] lg0f{o, a9'jf lgo'lQm kq,kb:yfkgf kqnufot dnfO{ k|lts"n c;/
kg]{u/L ljkIfLxaf6 o; ;DaGwdf u/] ePsfofjt\ sfd sf/jfxL /
lg0f{oxnfO{ pTk]|if0fsf]cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lgj]bsn] k|fKt
u/]sf]Pd=P:;L Og OlG6df]nf]hLsf] z}lIfs pkflwnfO{dflyNnf]
pkflwafktsf] kfpg' kg]{ c k|bfgu/L lgj]bsnfO{ cGo pDd]b\jf/x ;/x
h]i7tfsfod ug]{ u/L lg=;]=lg= sf] lgod *$adf]lhd a9'jf lgo'lQm lbO{
lgodfg';f/ kfpg]tna eQf / ;'ljwf;d]t k|bfg ug'{ eGg]k/dfb]znufot
cGo hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]zhf/L u/L k"0f{ Gofo kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg kq
.
lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsghf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf], cfb]z hf/L
x'g' gkg]{ s'g}sf/0f eP of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsfDofbafx]s
!% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{egL ;"rgf lbg' eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z
.
g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx,
@)%! n]g]kfn s[lif ;]jf, afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo
()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj
lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf
cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]t
-
g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
992992992992992
>]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf, dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f
;+:yfaf6 aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ jf Knf06Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf
Pd=P:;L jf ;f];/x eGg] tf]lsPsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bs hLt]Gb|ofbjn]
cfkm\gf] b/vf:t kmfO{n ;fy Pd= P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLsf] z}lIfs pkflwsf]
5fofFk|lt k]zug'{ ePsf]df ;f] z}lIfs pkflw pQm ;]jf;d"xsf] Go"gtd\
z}lIfs of]Uotf;/x b]lvPsf]n]lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] pQm pkflwnfO{ ;]jf
k|j]zsf]nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf ;/xsf]c k|bfg u/L
sfo{Ifdtf d"Nofg ubf{ lgha9'jf l;kmfl/z ;"rLleq kg{ g;Sg' ePsf]xf]
. a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zpk/ lgh ofbjn]nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ph"/L
u/]sf]df cfof]usf]lg0f{ocg';f/ a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z oyfjt\sfod
ePsf]n] a9'jf lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZossf/jfxL cl3 a9fOPsf] x'Fbf l/6
lgj]bgvf/]hof]Uo 5 eGg] a9'jf ;ldlt, ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfnosf] lnlvt
hjfkm .
g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx,
@)%! dfg]kfn s[lif ;]jf, afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo>]0fLsf]
nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfdf dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 la=P:;L
-Pu|L_ jf KnfG6Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L jf ;f];/x
ePsf] / lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] Pd= P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL ljifosf] z}lIfs
pkflw ;]jf k|j]zsf]nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfdfqePsf]
b]lvFbf ;f] z}lIfs pkflwnfO{ Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf dfgL c u0fgf u/L
a9'jfl;kmfl/z u/]sf] sfg"g;Ddt\ x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5, vf/]h
u/L kfpFm eGg] nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .
l/6 lgj]bsn] o; dGqfnonfO{ lsgljkIfL agfpg' ePsf] xf] / o;
dGqfnosf] s]
s'g sfo{n] lghnfO{ cGofo k/]sf] xf] eGg]:ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] 5}g .
l/6 lgj]bsn] xfl;nu/]sf] OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L sf] z}lIfspkflwnfO{
lq=lj=n] dfi6/ l8u|L;/x egL;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/L lbPsf] / lgh
l/6lgj]bs s[lif ljifodf :gfts u/L ;]jf k|j]zu/]sf]n] lghn] xfl;n
u/]sf] :gftsf]Q/ txsf]pkflwnfO{ dflyNnf] of ]Uotf dfgL o;dGqfnoaf6
lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)sf] lgod !@& adf]lhd ;f] z}lIfs
pkflwnfO{g]kfn s[lif ;]jfcGtu{t afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x;Fu;Dj4tf k|bfg
ul/lbPs} 5 . o;y{ l/6 lgj]bsn]lagfsf/0f / cfwf/df o; dGqfnonfO{
ljkIfLagfpg' ePsf] b]lvPsfn] o; dGqfnonfO{ljkIfL agfPsf] xb;Dd pQm
l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hof]Uo x'g uPsf] 5 . g]kfn s[lif ;]jf-u7g, ;d"x tyf
>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_lgodx, @)%! n] g]kfn s[lif ;]jf,
afnL;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL
jfOlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L jf ;f] ;/x pNn]vu/]sf] 5 . h;sf] cy{
aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ gu/]sfsf]xsdf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L -Kof]/
;fO{G;_jf ;f] ;/x u/]sf] eP ;f] cj:yfdf To:tf]dfi6/ l8u|LnfO{ klg
;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .
t/,aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ u/]sfsf] xsdf OlG6df]nf]hLdfu/]sf] Pd= P:;L= nfO{
cltl/Qm pkflw dfGg'kg]{x'G5 eGg] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf]
lnlvthjfkm .
;j{k|yd o; dGqfnosf] s] s'g sfdsf/jfxLaf6 ljkIfLsf] s] s:tf] xs
clwsf/xgg\ ePsf] xf], l/6 lgj]bgdf :ki6 bfjL lng;s]sf] gb]lvFbf
lagfcfwf/ / sf/0f o;
-
993993993993993
dGqfnonfO{;d]t ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ul/Psf]l/6 vf/]hof]Uo 5 .
Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hLpkflwafkt dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotfafktsf]c
glbPsf] ljifodf, ;f] pkflw pQm kbsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] kdf
;]jf;d"x;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eO/x]sf]dfpQm pkflwafkt dflyNnf]
z}lIfs of]Uotfsf]c lbg ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] a9'jf ;ldlt tyfnf]s;]jf
cfof]uaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o ab/of]UogePsf] x' Fbf l/6 vf/]hof]Uo 5 .
o;dGqfnoaf6 ljkIfLsf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLxs clwsf/df cf3ft k'Ug]
u/L s'g} sfdsf/jfxL gePsf] gu/]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h u/L
kfpFm eGg] ;fdfGo k|zf;gdGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .
d lnlvt hjfkmjfnfn] P;=Pn=;L=dfk|yd >]0fL, cfO{=P:;L= ltLo
>]0fL, a9'jfsf]nflu cfjZos Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_
k|yd >]0fL / dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]UotfPd=P:;L= -Pu|L_ k|yd
>]0fLsf] c xfl;n u/LpQL0f{ u/]sf] 5' . cfkm\gf] cWoogsf]
ljifo;Fu;DalGwt g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0fsf];d"xsf ] afnL
;+/If0f clws[t kbdfk|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ePsf] x'F .
g]kfns[lif ;]jfsf] /f=k= ltLo >]0fLdf a9'jf ;ldltn]a9'jfsf
;DefJo pDd]b\jf/xsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf]cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] a9'jf
of]Uotfqmdlgwf{/0f ubf{ d lnlvt hjfkmjfnf of]Uotfqmd;+Vof @ df sfod
/x]sf] lyPF . ;f] a9'jfl;kmfl/zdf lrQ ga'emfO{ ljkIfLn]
nf]s;]jfcfof]u;dIf ph"/L u/]sf]df cfof]uaf6 ;fljslg0f{o g} oyfjt\
sfod x'g] lg0f{o ePadf]lhdldlt @)^*.!.@! sf] g]kfn
;/sf/sf]lg0f{ofg';f/ a9'jf ePsf] ;f] kbdf lgo'lQm
kfO{ kb tyf lhDd]jf/Ldf /xL xfn;Dd sfo{/t\5' .
l/6 lgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]dgf]gLt u/L cWoog ug{ k7fPsf]
egL n]lvPsf]Joxf]/f ;To xf]Og . ljkIfL :jo+n] ljZjljBfnotyf
cWoogsf] ljifo;d]t 5gf}6 u/L tnaLlabf dfu ug'{ ePsf] x'Fbf labf
:jLs[t;Ddg]kfn ;/sf/af6 ePsf] xf] . ljkIfL :jo+n]5gf}6 u/L pRr
lzIff cWoog u/]sf] ;f] ljifocyf{t\\ Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL ;]jf
k|j]zsf]nflu Go"gtd\ of]Uotf xf], cltl/Qm z}lIfsof]Uotf xf]Og .
g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx
@)%) sf]lgod & sf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf !!adf]lhdsf]
cg';"rL # cg';f/ ;]jf k|j]zsfnflu rflxg] Go"gtd\ of]Uotf;DaGwL
Joj:yfsf]b]xfo -r_%= df /fhkqf\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf]kbsf nflu
Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf -dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 aL= P:;L=
-Pu|L_ jfKnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd= P:;Ljf ;f] ;/x
pQL0f{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .h;af6 ljkIfLn] xfl;n u/]sf]
Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLsf] l8u|L s]jn ;]jf k|j]zsf] nfluGo"gtd\ l8u|L
xf] eGg] k|i6 5 . ;]jf k|j]zsfnflu lgwf{l/t Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf
dflyNnf]txdf a9'jfsf nflu jf~5gLo of]Uotf sbflkx'g ;Sb}g, ljkIfLsf]
l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 .
ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]adf]lhd d08n;/af6 n]vfO{ lnPsf] kq tyf
"National ChungHsing University" af6 n]vfO{ lnPsf] kq pxfFsf]lghL
;DaGw / ;Dks{sf pTklQ x'g\ . tLolQs} k|df0fdf u|fXo x'Fb}gg\ .
tfklg tLkqxn];d]t lghn] xfl;n u/]sf] l8u|L
()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj
lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo
sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf
cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
cgfdgu/;d]t
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g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf,
@)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&),
d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/
994994994994994
Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL g} xf] eGg] yk k'li6u/]sf] 5 . ljkIfLn] g}
cfkm\gf] JolQmut kx'Frdfn]vfO{ NofPsf tL kqnfO{ u|x0f u/L x]bf{
klgljkIfLn] tfOjfgaf6 ;]jf k|j]zsf nflu rflxg]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs
of]Uotf Pd= P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hLg} xfl;n u/]sf] ljkIfL :jo+n] k|i6
kf/]sf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]sf] ;Da4tf jf;dsIftf;DaGwL
lg0f{on] klg ljkIfLn] xfl;nu/]sf] pkflwnfO{ Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL
dfg]sf]5 . ;f] l8u|L ;]jf k|j]zsf nflu tf]lsPsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs
of]Uotf g} ePsf], ;f] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf
xf]Og ;]jfk|j]zsf nflu rflxg] l8u|LeGbf dflyNnf] l8u|Lxf] egL
ljkIfLn] ph"/afh"/ u/L ab/ jfltngu/fO{ :jLsf/ u/L a;]sf] / g]kfn
s[lif ;]jf-u7g ;d"x tyf >]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_lgodx, @)%) sf]
lgod & cg';"rL # n]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf
;f]cg';"rL # sf] b]xfo -r_ %= n] k|i6 u/]sf]5 . ljkIfLsf] l8u|L
dflyNnf] l8u|L g} dflgPklg pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kl/k]|Ifdf
aL=P:;L-Pu|L_ ;/xsf] ;f] ;]jf k|j]zsf] Go"gtd\ of]UotfePsf]n]
nf]s;]jf cfof]u;d]tn] ;f]xL cfwf/dfd"Nofg u/]sf] / d}n] klg cGoyf
ph"/afh"/ug}{ gkg]{ ePsf] xf] .
s[lif ;]jf lgodx, @)%) sf] lgod& adf]lhd cg';"rL # sf]
sfg"gL Joj:yfn]aL= P:;L -Pu|L_ jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL
jfOlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L=nfO{ Ps} :t/df /fv]sf]k|i6 5 . Pd=P:;L=
x'g]ljlQs} OlG6df]nf]hLljifosf] /x]5 eg]