International Journ Internat ISSN No: 245 @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www Analysis of Cycloc Depart Techno ABSTRACT This project is designed to control th single phase induction motor by using c technique by traics. Induction motors in very robust and therefore used in m appliances such as washing machi cleaners, water pumps, and used in indu A.C. motors have the great advanta relatively inexpensive and very r induction motor is known as a c machine, the difficulty of varying its sp effective device is one of its main disad speed of the motor can be varied in two by changing the number of poles an method is by changing the frequenc control through the first method is unec the number of poles can’t be varied u conditions and the size of the machine bulky. These problems can be over second method. In this method, the freq varied under running conditions also a change in the size of the motor. In thi frequency changing device is cyclo cycloconverter is a power electronic d convert constant voltage constant f power to adjustable voltage adjustable power without a DC link. In among al this method is simple, reliable and econ of slide switches is provided to selec speed range (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f/5) of op induction motor. These switches are int microcontroller. The microcontroller project is from PIC18 family (PIC1 status of the switches enables the micr deliver the pulses to trigger the traic in Thus, the speed of the induction m achieved in five steps i.e. (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 KEY WORDS: Cycloconverter, Indu Microcontroller, Supply Frequency nal of Trend in Scientific Research and De tional Open Access Journal | www.ijtsr 56 - 6470 | Volume - 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov w.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 3 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec converter Fed Induction Moto Aye Aye Nyein tment of Electrical Power Engineering, ological University, Thanlyin, Myanmar he speed of a cycloconvertor n particular are many domestic ines, vacuum ustries as well. ages of being reliable. The constant-speed peed by a cost dvantages. The o ways, one is nd the second cy. The speed conomical and under running e also becomes rcome by the quency can be and there is no is method, the oconverter. A device used to frequency AC frequency AC ll the methods nomical. A pair ct the desired peration of the terfaced to the used for this 18F4550). The rocontroller to a dual bridge. motor can be and f/5). uction Motor, 1. INTRODUCTION With the increasing motor applications the concept of en vital. About 70% of the ele loads. Hence, the requiremen electric drives is achieved th converters. Variable frequency drives controlling either the torque motor. Applications such as use the technique of variabl variable speed and varia frequency in AC drives can b fed or cycloconverter fed dr cycloconverter over inverter stage conversion. 2. CYCLOCONVERTER Cycloconverters are the direct high power applications for synchronous motors. Cycloc phase-controlled device. Cyc which converts the AC power to a AC power at different freq Figure.1 Cycloc A cycloconverter is a type which an alternating voltage converted directly to an alte frequency without any interm cycloconverter also allows p either direction [3]. evelopment (IJTSRD) rd.com v – Dec 2018 c 2018 Page: 569 or Drive r loads for industrial nergy saving has become ectrical loads are motor nt of energy savings in hrough power electronic are mostly used for or the speed of the AC pumps, centrifugal fan le frequency to achieve able torque. Variable be achieved by inverter rives. The advantage of fed drive is its single t type converters used in driving induction and converters are usually cloconverter is a device r at one frequency input quency output. converter of power controller in at supply frequency is ernating voltage at load mediate DC stage. The power to flow freely in
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International Journal of Trend in
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Analysis of Cycloconverter Fed
Department Technological Univer
ABSTRACT This project is designed to control the speed of a single phase induction motor by using cycloconvertor technique by traics. Induction motors in particular are very robust and therefore used in many domestic appliances such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners, water pumps, and used in industries as well. A.C. motors have the great advantages of being relatively inexpensive and very reliable. The induction motor is known as a constantmachine, the difficulty of varying its speed by a cost effective device is one of its main disadvantages. The speed of the motor can be varied in two ways, one is by changing the number of poles and the second method is by changing the frequency. The speed control through the first method is uneconomical and the number of poles can’t be varied under running conditions and the size of the machine also becomes bulky. These problems can be overcome by the second method. In this method, the frequency can be varied under running conditions also and there is no change in the size of the motor. In this method, the frequency changing device is cycloconverter. A cycloconverter is a power electronic device used to convert constant voltage constant frequency AC power to adjustable voltage adjustable frequency AC power without a DC link. In among all the methods this method is simple, reliable and economical. A pair of slide switches is provided to select the desired speed range (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f/5) of operation of the induction motor. These switches are interfaced to the microcontroller. The microcontroller used for this project is from PIC18 family (PIC18F4550). The status of the switches enables the microcontroller to deliver the pulses to trigger the traic in a dual bridge. Thus, the speed of the induction motor can be achieved in five steps i.e. (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f/5). KEY WORDS: Cycloconverter, Induction Motor, Microcontroller, Supply Frequency
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
Aye Aye Nyein Department of Electrical Power Engineering,
Technological University, Thanlyin, Myanmar
This project is designed to control the speed of a single phase induction motor by using cycloconvertor technique by traics. Induction motors in particular are very robust and therefore used in many domestic appliances such as washing machines, vacuum
ners, water pumps, and used in industries as well. A.C. motors have the great advantages of being relatively inexpensive and very reliable. The induction motor is known as a constant-speed machine, the difficulty of varying its speed by a cost
vice is one of its main disadvantages. The speed of the motor can be varied in two ways, one is by changing the number of poles and the second method is by changing the frequency. The speed control through the first method is uneconomical and
poles can’t be varied under running conditions and the size of the machine also becomes bulky. These problems can be overcome by the second method. In this method, the frequency can be varied under running conditions also and there is no
e of the motor. In this method, the frequency changing device is cycloconverter. A cycloconverter is a power electronic device used to convert constant voltage constant frequency AC power to adjustable voltage adjustable frequency AC
k. In among all the methods this method is simple, reliable and economical. A pair of slide switches is provided to select the desired speed range (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f/5) of operation of the induction motor. These switches are interfaced to the
troller. The microcontroller used for this project is from PIC18 family (PIC18F4550). The status of the switches enables the microcontroller to deliver the pulses to trigger the traic in a dual bridge. Thus, the speed of the induction motor can be
in five steps i.e. (f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f/5).
Cycloconverter, Induction Motor,
1. INTRODUCTION With the increasing motor loads for industrial applications the concept of energy saving has become vital. About 70% of the electrical loads are motor loads. Hence, the requirement of energy savings in electric drives is achieved through power electronic converters. Variable frequency drives are mostly used for controlling either the torque or the speed of the AC motor. Applications such as pumps, centrifugal use the technique of variable frequency to achieve variable speed and variable torque. Variable frequency in AC drives can be achieved by inverter fed or cycloconverter fed drives. The advantage of cycloconverter over inverter fed drive is its single stage conversion. 2. CYCLOCONVERTER Cycloconverters are the direct type converters used in high power applications for driving induction and synchronous motors. Cycloconverters are usually phase-controlled device. Cycloconverter is a device which converts the AC power at one frequency input to a AC power at different frequency output.
Figure.1 Cycloconverter
A cycloconverter is a type of powerwhich an alternating voltage at supplyconverted directly to an alternating voltage atfrequency without any intermediate DC stage. Thecycloconverter also allows power to flow freely in either direction [3].
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com
1 | Nov – Dec 2018
Dec 2018 Page: 569
Induction Motor Drive
With the increasing motor loads for industrial applications the concept of energy saving has become vital. About 70% of the electrical loads are motor
Hence, the requirement of energy savings in electric drives is achieved through power electronic
Variable frequency drives are mostly used for controlling either the torque or the speed of the AC motor. Applications such as pumps, centrifugal fan use the technique of variable frequency to achieve variable speed and variable torque. Variable frequency in AC drives can be achieved by inverter fed or cycloconverter fed drives. The advantage of
over inverter fed drive is its single
Cycloconverters are the direct type converters used in
power applications for driving induction and motors. Cycloconverters are usually
device. Cycloconverter is a device power at one frequency input
frequency output.
Cycloconverter
ycloconverter is a type of power controller in which an alternating voltage at supply frequency is converted directly to an alternating voltage at load frequency without any intermediate DC stage. The cycloconverter also allows power to flow freely in
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
There are three types of cycloconverter: 1.Single Phase to Single phase cycloconverter. 2.Three Phase to Three Phase cycloconverter. 3.Single Phase to Three Phase cycloconverter
Figure.2 Single-Phase to Single-Phase Cycloconverter 3. PROPOSED TOPOLOGY Cycloconverter is a power electronic circuit that converts fixed voltage fixed frequency input AC voltage to variable voltage variable frequency output AC. The output frequency may be greater than input frequency (step up cycloconverter) or the output frequency may be less than the input frequency (step down cycloconverter).
Figure.3 Block Diagram of Proposed Cycloconverter Controlled Induction Motor Drive
The block diagram for the traiccycloconverter drive for controlling the speed of induction motor is shown in Fig. 3. This traic controlled cycloconverter drive has following components: transformer, rectifier, filter, voltage regulator, zero-crossing detector, tap changer controller, triac control circuit, cycloconverter, microcontroller, frequency display and single phase induction motor. Transformer: In this traic controlled cycloconverterdrive, the transformer is used for step down the AC voltages and works on the principle of mutual
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
types of cycloconverter: 1.Single ycloconverter. 2.Three Phase
ter. 3.Single Phase to
Phase Cycloconverter
is a power electronic circuit that converts fixed voltage fixed frequency input AC voltage to variable voltage variable frequency output AC. The output frequency may be greater than input
) or the output ess than the input frequency (step
Block Diagram of Proposed Cycloconverter Controlled Induction Motor Drive
traic controlled cycloconverter drive for controlling the speed of
This traic controlled cycloconverter drive has following components: transformer, rectifier, filter,
crossing detector, tap changer controller, triac control circuit, cycloconverter,
lay and single phase
cycloconverter drive, the transformer is used for step down the AC voltages and works on the principle of mutual
induction. In this case, this would be step down the 220 VAC into 15 VAC. Bridge Rectifier: This cycloconverterelectronics components which are operated on DC voltages therefore the AC voltages are converted into DC through bridge rectifier, which consists of four diodes and connected at the output of t Voltage Regulator: In this cycloconverter drive, the voltage regulator is used for regulator the DC voltages which comes from the bridge rectifier. It regulates the 15 VDC into 5 VDC and for this purposes, the LM7805 voltage reare used. Microcontroller PIC 18F4550cycloconverter drive the PIC 18F45are used for the intelligent control of this drive. This microcontroller controls the firing angle of the voltages for controlling the speed of motor in steps. It is powered up with 5 VDC and interfaced with the optocouplers. It is 40 pins microcontroller and programmed in C language with the help of mikro/C software. Zero-Crossing Detector: The microprogrammed i.e. C program to give output toisolation with zero cross detection circuit. It compares two signals in order to get zero crossing whenever the zero crossing occurs it gives an output. Mode Selection: In this drive the selection mode is basically the switch, which is used for the selection of frequency and this drive is designed for frequency steps. Motor: In this traic, controlled cyclothe single-phase AC inductionthrough this drive which is basically the inductive load. The working principle ofcycloconverter drive for controlling the speed of induction motor are as follows. This traic controlled cycloconverter drive works the principle of variable frequency drive, when the frequency is changed then the speed is also changed. In this paper, first the single-phase induction motor is driven at fundamental frequency which is 50 Hz, then at f/2 Hz and then f/3 Hz
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 570
induction. In this case, this would be step down the
cycloconverter drive consists of electronics components which are operated on DC voltages therefore the AC voltages are converted into DC through bridge rectifier, which consists of four diodes and connected at the output of transformer.
Voltage Regulator: In this traic controlled drive, the voltage regulator is used for
regulator the DC voltages which comes from the bridge rectifier. It regulates the 15 VDC into 5 VDC and for this purposes, the LM7805 voltage regulator
50: In this traic controlled drive the PIC 18F4550 microcontroller
are used for the intelligent control of this drive. This microcontroller controls the firing angle of the traic voltages for controlling the speed of motor in five steps. It is powered up with 5 VDC and interfaced with the optocouplers. It is 40 pins microcontroller and programmed in C language with the help of
Crossing Detector: The microcontroller has been programmed i.e. C program to give output to optical
detection circuit. It compares signals in order to get zero crossing
whenever the zero crossing occurs it gives an
Mode Selection: In this drive the selection mode is basically the switch, which is used for the selection of frequency and this drive is designed for five
his traic, controlled cycloconverter drive, phase AC induction motor is controlled
through this drive which is basically the inductive
The working principle of the traic controlled converter drive for controlling the speed of
induction motor are as follows.
converter drive works on the principle of variable frequency drive, when the frequency is changed then the speed is also changed.
phase induction motor is driven at fundamental frequency which is 50 Hz, then at f/2 Hz and then f/3 Hz, f/4 Hz and f/5 Hz
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
respectively. At fundamental frequency, the motor runs at its full speed which could be checked by the tachometer, then it would be drive at f/2 then the motor runs at half speed and then motor is drive at f/3, at this frequency the motor speed coulThis drive consists of switch which is for frequency selection mode. The microcontroller basically increase or decrease delay time of the trigging signal, which is inversely proportional to the speed of the singleThe delay time is set in microcontroller through programming. 4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND
SIMULATION RESULTS Accurate simulation of electrical and electronic control systems would save many hours of prototype development. In this paper the Proteus Virtual System Modeller (VSM) software from Labcenter Electronics Ltd is used to provide such simulation environment.The Zero Crossing Detector Circuit for cycloconverter fed induction motor drive in Proteus Simulation is as shown in Fig. 4.
Figure.4 Zero Crossing Detector In Fig. 5, the program flowchart for frequency (f)described and simulation test result is shown in Fig.
Figure.5 Program Flowchart for Frequency (f)
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
. At fundamental frequency, the motor runs at its full speed which could be checked by the tachometer, then it would be drive at f/2 then the motor runs at half speed and then motor is drive at f/3, at this frequency the motor speed could be quarter. This drive consists of switch which is for frequency
The microcontroller basically increase or decrease delay time of the trigging signal, which is inversely proportional to the speed of the single-phase motor.
is set in microcontroller through
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND
electrical and electronic systems would save many hours of prototype
development. In this paper the Proteus Virtual System (VSM) software from Labcenter Electronics
Ltd is used to provide such simulation environment. for cycloconverter
fed induction motor drive in Proteus Simulation is as
Zero Crossing Detector Circuit
program flowchart for frequency (f) is is shown in Fig. 6.
Frequency (f)
Figure.6 Simulation Test Result
In Fig. 7, the program flowchart for frequency (fdescribed and simulation test result
Figure.7 Program Flowchart
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 571
Simulation Test Result for Frequency (f)
flowchart for frequency (f/2) is simulation test result is shown in Fig. 8.
Program Flowchart for Frequency (f/2)
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Figure.8 Simulation Test Result for Frequency (f
In Fig. 9, the program flowchart for frequency (fdescribed and simulation test result is shown in Fig.
10.
Figure.9 Program Flowchart for Frequency (f/
Figure.10 Simulation Test Result for Frequency (f
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
program flowchart for frequency (f/5) is shown in Fig.
Frequency (f/5)
Frequency (f/5)
In Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 shows the Proteus test results.
Figure.15 Proteus Test
Figure.16 Proteus Test 2 CONCLUSION A cycloconverter is a device use to convert a constant voltage constant frequency AC power to variable voltage variable frequency without any intermediate DC link. This paper presented a speed control of single phase induction motor by usingcycloconverter. There are several techniques useconversion but order to have maximum converter utilization, special cycloconverter techniques have to be used. Cycloconverter circuit have for speed control of induction motorfrequency. Single phase cchange the speed of induction motor with the help of microcontroller, different desired frequency is obtained to equalize the desired speed. This different frequency of cycloconverter is obtainof adjustable speed to f, f/2, f/3, f/4 and f ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to express her profound gratitude to Dr. Theingi, Rector, Technological University (Thanlyin), for her encouragement and managements and the author wouthanks to thesis supervisor, Dr. Professor of Electrical Powermotivation and encouragement to complete this research in time. After all, the author would like to express her thanks to all her tefor their supports and encouragements.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Dec 2018 Page: 573
shows the Proteus test results.
Proteus Test 1
Proteus Test 2
A cycloconverter is a device use to convert a constant constant frequency AC power to variable
frequency without any intermediate presented a speed control of
single phase induction motor by using single phase cycloconverter. There are several techniques used for conversion but order to have maximum converter
special cycloconverter techniques have to converter circuit have been designed
for speed control of induction motor for adjustable cycloconverter used to
change the speed of induction motor with the help of microcontroller, different desired frequency is obtained to equalize the desired speed. This different frequency of cycloconverter is obtaind in the manner
, f/3, f/4 and f/5.
The author would like to express her profound gratitude to Dr. Theingi, Rector, Technological University (Thanlyin), for her encouragement and managements and the author would like to express her thanks to thesis supervisor, Dr. Su Hlaing Myint,
ectrical Power Engineering, for her motivation and encouragement to complete this research in time. After all, the author would like to express her thanks to all her teachers and her parents, for their supports and encouragements.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456