7. Conflicts over slavery and Compromises Slavery in Louisiana Purchase? Manifest Destiny---1840 to 1850 President James K. Polk—1845 to 1849

7. Conflicts over slavery and CompromisesSlavery in Louisiana Purchase?Manifest Destiny---1840 to 1850

President James K. Polk—1845 to 1849Oregon Territory---1846 Texas Statehood--1845Mexican War---1846 to 1848

US acquired the Mexican CessionTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo—1848

Slavery in the Mexican Cession?Compromise of 1850

Calif. Admitted as a free stateCreate 2 new territories = Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty•SouthSouth: Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•North:North: stop the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

Notes 3

•Gadsden Purchase----1853•Kansas-Nebraska Act----1854

•Stephen Douglas---build railroad in the North

•Organize Kansas and Nebraska Territory and open it up to Popular Sovereignty

•Effects•Abolitionists against it•Ruined the Missouri Compromise •led to violence----Bleeding Kansas---1856•Republican Party---1856---political party organized to stop the expansion of slavery

notes 4

notes 58. Judicial Arguments•Dred Scott—1857-----slave sued for his freedom

•Supreme Court Decision•Constitution did not apply to slaves•Legalized slavery in the U.S.•All compromises were unconstitutional

9. John Brown’s Raid---1859Harper’s Ferry

ReactionsNorth---martyr for the abolitionist causeSouth---no other choice but secede

12. Election of 1860Lincoln wins election

South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of 1860.10 other Southern States would secede in 1861

formed the CSA---Confederate States of America

Why?

notes 6

Missouri Comp

Texas War of Independence

Americans Americans began moving began moving into Texas in into Texas in the 1820’s the 1820’s

and brought and brought their slaves their slaves with them. with them.

War fought War fought by Texans by Texans

against against Mexico Mexico

because they because they believed their believed their

rights had rights had been violatedbeen violated..

Won by Won by Texans in Texans in 1836 and 1836 and

requests to requests to enter the U.S.enter the U.S.

President President Jackson and Jackson and Van Buren Van Buren refused to refused to recognize recognize

Texas Texas statehood statehood because of because of

slavery.slavery.Texas

became its own country

with Sam Houston

president, 1836 to 1845.Mexico never Mexico never

recognized recognized the the

independence independence of Texas.of Texas.

Texas War of Independence

Texas War of Independence1

Texas entered as a U.S. state

in 1845.Mexico vowed if

Texas became

part of the U.S., this would be an act of

war.One cause of the war

with Mexico in 1846.

Picture/Polk

•James K. Polk, Democrat• President from 1845 to

1849•Responsible for the

Manifest Destiny•Expansionist

•Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great

Britain in 1846•54’, 40’ or Fight

•49th Parallel•Mexican War acquired Mexican Mexican War acquired Mexican Cession and completed U.S. control of Cession and completed U.S. control of

the continent from ocean to oceanthe continent from ocean to ocean

Oregon dispute

•Treaty with Treaty with Great Britain in Great Britain in 18461846

•President President Polk campaign Polk campaign slogan was slogan was 54,40 or fight…54,40 or fight…

•Compromised Compromised with British with British and divided and divided the Oregon the Oregon Country at the Country at the 4949thth parallel parallel

Picture/

M.Destiny

•American American belief that belief that U.S. would U.S. would control the control the

continent from continent from the Atlantic to the Atlantic to

the Pacific.the Pacific.

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS•Texas

statehood•Oregon territory

•Mexican War•Mexican Cession

•American American belief that belief that U.S. would U.S. would control the control the

continent from continent from the Atlantic to the Atlantic to

the Pacific.the Pacific.

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS•Texas

statehood•Oregon territory

•Mexican War•Mexican Cession

Picture/

M.Destiny

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS

•Pioneers TrekWest

•California trail

•Oregon trail•Mormon’s

trail•Gold

discovered•Gold Rush

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS

•Pioneers TrekWest

•California trail

•Oregon trail•Mormon’s

trail•Gold

discovered•Gold Rush

Picture/

M.Destiny

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS•Californiastatehood•Donner

Party•40 mile desert

•Ragtown•Genoa

KEY EVENTSKEY EVENTS•Californiastatehood•Donner

Party•40 mile desert

•Ragtown•Genoa

Trails

Mexican War

Long Term CausesLong Term Causes•Manifest Destiny

•California

Immediate CausesImmediate Causes•Texas statehood, 1845•Mexico refusing to sell

California•Border dispute

EffectsEffects•US receives Mexican Cession

•Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil

War

Mexican War

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo•Mexico ceded the Mexican Mexico ceded the Mexican

Cession to U.S.Cession to U.S.•Rio Grande River boundary Rio Grande River boundary

between U.S. and Mexicobetween U.S. and Mexico•U.S. paid Mexico $15 million U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Map expansion

Most intense debate in U.S. HistoryMost intense debate in U.S. History•John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun•North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law•South wanted California•threatened to secede from U.S.•U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South

Comp of 1850

•Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster•Secession is impractical & impossible•How would we split the land? •The military?•Compromise at all cost•Preserve the Union

•Henry ClayHenry Clay•The Great Compromiser, with

John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose

this compromise.

•U.S. Senator from the state of U.S. Senator from the state of IllinoisIllinois

•Solve the slavery issue was Solve the slavery issue was through through Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•let the people in each territory let the people in each territory decide through the process of decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery voting whether they want slavery or not.or not.

•Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the they proposed the Compromise Compromise of 1850of 1850

•Calif. A free stateCalif. A free state

•enforce Fugitive Slave Lawenforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

•stop slave trade in Washington, stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.D.C.Picture/S.Douglas

Map Comp of 1850

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND

Denounced by Abolitionists

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s

Cabin is published

Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law

Underground Railroad becomes more active

RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTSRESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS“An immoral law makes it a man’s duty to break it, at every hazard. For

virtue is the very self of every man. It is therefore a principle of law that an immoral contract is void, and that an immoral statute is void. The Fugitive

Slave Law is a statute which enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on one footing with arson and murder. A man’s right to liberty is as

inalienable as his right to life……” Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson

“3 millions of the American people are crushed under the American Union! The government gives them no protection– the government is their enemy, the government keeps them in chains! The Union which grinds them to the

dust rests upon us, and with them we will struggle to overthrow it! The Constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we

cannot swear to support. Our motto is, ‘No Union with Slaveholders’….We separate from them, to clear our skirts of innocent blood….and to hasten the downfall of slavery in America, and throughout the world!” William William

Lloyd GarrisonLloyd Garrison

Fugitive Slave Law

SOUTHERNERS SOUTHERNERS RESPONDRESPOND

Southerners Southerners threatened secession threatened secession

and warand warBelieved it should be Believed it should be enforced because the enforced because the Constitution protects Constitution protects property and Federal property and Federal law is over State law.law is over State law.

55thth Amendment AmendmentSupremacy ClauseSupremacy Clause

Map expansion

•Build a transcontinental Build a transcontinental connecting California to the connecting California to the East Coast either in the East Coast either in the South or NorthSouth or North

•Stephen Douglas wanted Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North the railroad built in the North but had to convince the but had to convince the South otherwise.South otherwise.

•Proposed a plan that Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to territories be opened up to slavery in return for building slavery in return for building the railroad in the North.the railroad in the North.

•Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

Kan. & Neb Act

Map Bleeding Kan

Attacks by free-states

Attacks by pro-slavery states

(Led by John Brown)

•Kansas/Nebraska Act Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of led to several acts of

violence between pro-violence between pro-slavery settlers and slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers.anti-slavery settlers.

•First violent outbreaks First violent outbreaks between north/south.between north/south.

•First battles of the Civil First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in War begin in Kansas in

1856.1856.

•Over 200 killedOver 200 killed

Bleeding Kan

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in

Bleeding Kansas.

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground. Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to settle in Kansas. The territory was torn by battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly divided the nation and led to the formation of the Republican Party. The first shots of the Civil War were in

Bleeding Kansas.

REPUBLICAN PARTYREPUBLICAN PARTY

Formed to stop Formed to stop the expansion of the expansion of slaveryslavery

National Republican National Republican which become the Whigs.which become the Whigs.

Free Soil Party Free Soil Party against the against the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

Democrats Democrats opposed the opposed the expansion of expansion of slaveryslavery

AbolitionistsAbolitionists

Chart/Rep. Party

Know Nothing PartyKnow Nothing Party

against immigrationagainst immigration

Map Kan/Neb Act

Popular Popular SovereigntySovereignty

Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether

they want slavery to exist or not in their

state.

•Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states.•His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave.•He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time.•Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue

•Can a slave sue for his freedom?•Is a slave property?•Is slavery legal?

Picture/Dred Scott

Chart/Effect of Scott

•Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott

decision

•North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law

•Free states pass personal liberty laws.

•Republicans claim the decision is not binding

•Southerners call on the North to accept the decision if the South is to remain in

the Union.

•Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property.

•They are not citizens and have no legal right under the

Constitution.•Supreme Court

legalized slavery by saying that

•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new

territory•Missouri

Compromise and all other compromises

were unconstitutional

Reading/Scott decision

““They had (slaves) for more than a century before They had (slaves) for more than a century before been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and been regarded as beings of an inferior order; and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations; and so far either in social or political relations; and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. This opinion was at man was bound to respect. This opinion was at

that time fixed and universal in the civilized that time fixed and universal in the civilized portion of the white race.”portion of the white race.”

Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott

referred to the status of slaves when the Constitution was adopted.

•Violent abolitionist

•Involved in the Bleeding Kansas

•Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas

•Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South.

Picture/J.Brown

•Attacked a U.S. Ammunition

depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct.

of 1859 to capture

weapons and begin his slave

revolt.

Picture/J.Brown

•Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee

•Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.Brown

•He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death.

•His last words were to this effect: “I “I believe that the issue of slavery will believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the never be solved unless through the

shedding of blood.”shedding of blood.”

•Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause.

•Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with

this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to

end slavery.

•South’s outcome: To leave the U.S. and start their own country.

Picture/J.Brown Hanging

Reading/Tubman on Brown

•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois.

•The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the

Presidency in 1860.•Slavery was the issue

•Lincoln stated:Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.

•was against the expansion of slavery•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by

the people.

•Popular sovereignty Chart/L&D Debates

Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty could work against the expansion of slavery….. could work against the expansion of slavery…..

SouthernersSoutherners would not support Douglas for the presidency would not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860in 1860Picture/ L&D Debates

Reading/Lincoln on slavery

Election of 1860

Country is Country is polarized polarized

(divided) over (divided) over the issue of the issue of

slavery.slavery.

Once Lincoln is elected as president,

South Carolina will secede from

the U.S. along with several

other Southern States.

They will They will form the form the

Confederate Confederate States of States of

America---CSAAmerica---CSA

•303 total electoral votes and

152 to win.

Secession