7-4 Fungi 7-4 Fungi Objectives : Objectives : 1. 1. Name the characteristics Name the characteristics fungi share. fungi share. 2. 2. Explain how fungi reproduce. Explain how fungi reproduce. 3. 3. Describe the role fungi play Describe the role fungi play in nature. in nature.
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7-4 Fungi Objectives : 1.Name the characteristics fungi share. 2.Explain how fungi reproduce. 3.Describe the role fungi play in nature.
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7-4 Fungi7-4 Fungi
Objectives :Objectives :1.1. Name the characteristics fungi Name the characteristics fungi
share.share.2.2. Explain how fungi reproduce.Explain how fungi reproduce.3.3. Describe the role fungi play in Describe the role fungi play in
nature.nature.
Journal ActivityJournal Activity
What do you think about eating What do you think about eating mushrooms?mushrooms?
Engage : Pig digs for trufflesEngage : Pig digs for truffles
Characteristics of FungiCharacteristics of Fungi
A.A. IntroductionIntroduction1.1. Eukaryotes Eukaryotes – Have – Have Cell WallsCell Walls
1.1. Unicellular & MulticellularUnicellular & Multicellular2.2. HyphaeHyphae – Threadlike tubes that make up fungi. – Threadlike tubes that make up fungi.
3.3. Multicellular in a different way -- Multicellular in a different way -- 1 continuous cytoplasm with many nuclei. 1 continuous cytoplasm with many nuclei. Substances moves more quickly – Why? Substances moves more quickly – Why?
D.D. ReproductionReproduction
1.1. SporesSpores – Tiny reproductive cells – Tiny reproductive cells carried by wind. Land carried by wind. Land → Hyphae→ Hyphae
2.2. Spores produced in Spores produced in fruiting body.fruiting body.3.3. Mushrooms, cup fungi, and puffballs Mushrooms, cup fungi, and puffballs
have large, complex fruiting bodies.have large, complex fruiting bodies.4.4. Trillions of spores in 1 fruiting.Trillions of spores in 1 fruiting.
2.2. YeastsYeasts – Single cells – Single cells 3.3. MoldsMolds - Fuzzy, shapeless, fairly flat, grows on surface of an organism or - Fuzzy, shapeless, fairly flat, grows on surface of an organism or
substances.substances.
B. MushroomsB. Mushrooms
StructureStructureGills Gills – Sheet of tissue (location of spores).– Sheet of tissue (location of spores).StalkStalk – Stem-like – Stem-likeRingRing – Skirt on stalk – protection from – Skirt on stalk – protection from
insects.insects.Cap Cap - Top- Top
C. Yeasts – (Unicellular)C. Yeasts – (Unicellular)
1.1. Examples:Examples: Hard, brown “scabs” on appleHard, brown “scabs” on apple Black or gray spots on lilac or roseBlack or gray spots on lilac or rose Rot or decay – stem, fruitRot or decay – stem, fruit Dutch elm diseaseDutch elm disease Chestnut blightChestnut blight Stored crops made uselessStored crops made useless FungicidesFungicides—kill fungus—farmers spend millions of —kill fungus—farmers spend millions of
Injure or kill humans & animals.Injure or kill humans & animals.Examples:Examples:
AflatoxinAflatoxin – Found on stored crops – – Found on stored crops – cancer causing.cancer causing.
ErgotErgot – Fungus on rye – people eat burning – Fungus on rye – people eat burning or prickling sensations, hallucinations and or prickling sensations, hallucinations and convulsions (Fatal).convulsions (Fatal).
Ergot on RyeErgot on Rye
Animal DiseasesAnimal Diseases
Bring diseases in poultry – painful sores Bring diseases in poultry – painful sores on the skin of pets.on the skin of pets.
Fungal PesticidesFungal Pesticides – kill gypsy moth – kill gypsy moth caterpillars, mites and aphids.caterpillars, mites and aphids.
Humans Fungal DiseasesHumans Fungal Diseases
Fingernail & toe nails fungus.Fingernail & toe nails fungus.
RingwormRingworm
RingwormRingworm
Athletes FootAthletes Foot
Fungus-Root AssociationsFungus-Root Associations
Fungi coat the roots of 80% of plant.Fungi coat the roots of 80% of plant.MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae – “fungus roots” – “fungus roots”
Hyphae spread out - Hyphae spread out - increase plant increase plant ability to gather nutrients ability to gather nutrients by 10X. by 10X. Protect against : Protect against : drought, cold, acid drought, cold, acid rain and root rain and root diseases.diseases.
D. LichensD. Lichens
1.1. Fungus & AlgaeFungus & Algae that live together that live together allows them wide range of habits. allows them wide range of habits.
FungusFungus – Water & Minerals – Water & MineralsAlgae Algae – Makes food– Makes food
2.2. LichensLichens – Produce acids that break – Produce acids that break down rock. down rock.