6.three gorges

&Environmental impact

SANDEEP PVCB.EN.P2RET1400607 November 2014

• Country CHINA.

• Location SANDOUPING,YILING,HUBEI.

• Type of Dam GRAVITY DAM..

• Impounds YANGTZE RIVER.

• Total Water storage Capacity 39.3 km3.

• Turbines 32x700 MW and 2x50 MW Francis type.

• Symbol of Chain's Engineering.

07 November2014THE THREE GORGES DAM & Environmental impact 3

Yangtze River Location

The Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world, stretching nearly 4,000 miles across China. The world's longest river is the Nile; the second longest is the Amazon


Reasons to Build Dam

1.Improve navigation along the Yangtze River.

2.Major Highway for movement of coal, other goods and people

3.Prevent seasonal flooding which used to cause loss of life and property along river.4.Provide hydroelectric power desperately needed energy for growing population

5.Reduce dependence on coal with environmental and health and safety issues


Environmental Impact. Water Pollution.

Ecosystem.

Deforestation.

Landslides.

Sedimentation.

Economical Problem.


Before and After the dam


Water Pollution


• The main Yangtze River is one of the most polluted waterways in the world due to coal shipping, acid rain, and its location in the heart of industrial China.

• 265 billion gallons of raw sewage are dumped into the river annually .

• Because of the dam prevents any of this material to be washed out of sea, water quality become much worse since construction of the dam began .

• It was the only water source for millions of residents around the dam area, and the life quality decrease.

• When the TGD is fully operational, there will be significant changes in water temperature, silt levels, and seasonal flow fluctuations.

• Additionally, breakdown of vegetation, silt, and other organics at the bottom of the reservoir will release significant amounts of greenhouse gasses (GHG).



Ecosystem Disruption


• Large dams decrease the temperature and oxygen level in the water below the dam, which affects fish and other animals that live downstream.

• The dam effect the life of 300 spices of fish.• It include Chinese River Dolphin and Chinese

Sturgeon, Siberian cranes .• The dam create a barrier across the river , so the

fish can't cross the river and it effect the population of the fish spices.

• The Chinese government plan to sustain the river Dolphin and other endangered spices by creating natural reveres and artificial spawning program. And this attempt to relocate Dolphin was failed.



Resettlement Issues

1 .China’s highest state body warned that the Three Gorges Project has “caused some urgent problems in terms of environmental protection, the prevention of geological hazards and the welfare of the relocated communities.”

2 .Some villagers in Fengjie Country were relocated to a new village site less than a mile away but were not given enough compensation to get new housing

3 20,000 people have just been relocated for the second time due to this project.


Deforestation and Landslide

Deforestation was take place for the construction of the dam Reservoir and for relocating the people who live it that dam area.

The Yangtze rive surrounding is already unstable before building the dam.

Because all the lands are located on the steep slopes of the Gorges.

After the deforestation increased the risk of Landslides , because of this residents are forced to relocate for second time.


FORCED RELOCATION

LANDSLIDES


Sedimentation & Economical Problems Because of reduced water speed behind the dam, an

estimated 530 million tons of silt will accumulate behind the dam.

By increase in siltation cause its is impossible for shipping.

Due to the water pollution the dam will have a serious impact on the fishing economy of the Yangtze river.

It cause block the sluice gates which control the water level behind the dam , cause more flooding to occur upstream during raining.

Due to this the nutrients not reach the down stream fertile farm land, so decrease fertility.


Loss of Historical Sites and Treasures

1 .Destroyed 1300 archeological sites2 Flooded many historical sites.Example : Ba Civilization , AncientFossils at Dragon Bone Cave .Shibaozhai Temple , Zhang FeiTemple .3 Reduced tourism.07 November2014

THE THREE GORGES DAM & Environmental impact 18

Earthquake Tremors

The Three Gorges Dam sits on two major earthquake fault lines.

In 2006 over seven months, scientists recorded 822 tremors around the reservoir

Reservoirs are know to have triggered earthquakes all over the world.

While the dam is built to withstand a strong earthquake( withstand an earthquake of 7.0 on the Richter scale ), the houses, schools, and buildings along the river are not and millions are in danger.


CONCLUSION


1. Environmental degradation leads to an impoverished society.

2. The environmental impact lead to the social instability.3. Example water pollution cause the decrease in life quality

of peoples.4. Sedimentation effect the agricultural field.



REFERANCE

o YOU TUBE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtgOntg0ofc AND https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8cCsUBYSkw

o www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/.../China's%20Dams.ppt

o Wikipedia.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtgOntg0ofc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8cCsUBYSkw

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/.../China's Dams.ppt
